relatório - linhas de amarração & curva binodal - feq eq801 - unicamp - grupo 2

7/23/2019 Relatrio - Linhas de Amarrao & Curva Binodal - FEQ EQ801 - UNICAMP - Grupo 2

1/25

^ E K T N Y Z K C O C N N Z S O C ^ O L C N J O @ ] K E O Z

Dojulcocn cn Negneaorko _u`kjo

N_1=? - Loifrotrkf cn Negneaorko _u`kjo KKK

LKEAOZ CN O@OYYOF N J^YTO IKEFCOL

Oluefs8

Dnreoecf Anerkqun cn Ol`nkco Flkvnkro YO8 =1:>:3

Goirknl Zoineo Gus`f YO8 =1?34>

Kgfr Srkstf Jaorpkenl cn Zfuzo YO8 =1?4:1

]ncrf Droejksjf Furkqun cn Jorvolaf YO8 =19374

=4 cn Zntn`irf cn 9=??Jo`pkeosZ]


2/25

?

Zu`rkf

?- Ketrfcuf...................................................................................=9

9- Ynvksf Snrkjo............................................................................=9

:-

@otnrkoks n @tfcfs....................................................................=3

3- @n`rko cn Jljulf.....................................................................=4

>-

Ynsultocfs n Cksjussf................................................................=1

4- Jfejlusf....................................................................................93

7-

Yndnrejkos..................................................................................93


3/25

9

Ketrfcuf

O nloifrof cn ckogroòs cn nquklirkf ùltkdskjfs tn` jf`f fihntkvf cnsjrnvnr f jf`pfrto`netf co`ksturo jfedfr`n oltnroco o suo jf`pfskf, kstf , ou`netoecf fu ck`keukecf o jfejnetrof cn uò cocosuistejko, fu oltnroecf suos jorojtnrstkjos dskjos, toks jf`f prnssf n tn`pnroturo.

Cnssns ckogroòs, f cn nquklirkf trkdskjf f fihntkvf cn nstucf enssn nxpnrk`netf. ^tklkzocf poro prnckznrf jf`pfrto`netf co `ksturo jfedfr`n nsto tn` suo jf`pfskf oltnroco, f ckogroò cn nquklirkf trkdskjf sn`fstro cn nxtrnò rnlnvejko eo kecstrko qu`kjo ef prfjnssf cn nxtrof pfr ockf cn sflvnetn.

N` tol prfjnssf, jfeanjkco o jf`pfskf oetnrkfr cn uò `ksturo cn jf`pfenetns (O)n (I), ockjkfeo-snu` tnrjnkrf jf`pfenetn (J), f quol tn` uò coco odkekcocn jf` joco u`. Of ockjkfe-lf, o `ksturo posso o tnrcuos dosns, joco uò jf` uò cntnr`keoco jf`pfskf cfs trs jf`pfenetns. Jf`f os cuos dosns sf k`ksjvnks,snporo`-sn uò co futro n purkdkjo-sn o dosn qun pfssuk òkfr jfejnetrof cf jf`pfenetn cnsnhocf, snporoecf-fco k`purnzo jfetkco ef kejkf.

F ckogroò sn `fstro prnsnetn enssn josf poro cntnr`keor f quoetf cnvn snr ockjkfeocf cn (J)poro uòsngueco dosn opornjnr, n quol o jf`pfskf cnssos cuos dosns otrovs cf nstucf co jurvo ikefcol cf skstnò, qun

duef co lkeao cn oòrrof eo quol o `ksturo sn nejfetro.

Jf` kssf, o kecstrko njfef`kzo ùktf, uò vnz qun prfjnssf cn cnstklof poro snporof cn suistejkos`ksjvnks cnòeco ùkto nenrgko n tn`pf, josf snho enjnssrkf rn`fvnr groecn quoetkcocn co suistejkokecnsnhoco. ^tklkzoecf o nxtrof pfr sflvnetn prnvko`netn of troto`netf cn cnstklof, f prfjnssf in` òksndkjoz, rpkcf n iorotf.

]frtoetf, cntnr`keoco o k`pfrtejko cf nstucf cnssn nxpnrk`netf, t`-sn fs fihntkvfs cf `ns`f8

Cntnr`keor os lkeaos cn oòrrof poro ckvnrsfs pfetfs cf skstnò2

Cntnr`keor o jurvo ikefcol cf skstnò2

Cntnr`keor fs por`ntrfs tnr`fcke`kjfs (`tfcf ÊK_ÔJ)2

Jf`poror fs cocfs fitkcfs pnlf nxpnrk`netf jf` fs prnvkstfs pnlf `fcnlf tnrkjf.

Ynvksf Snrkjo

O jurvo cn nquklirkf cn u` skstnò tnrerkf, qun snporo o rngkf cn cuos dosns co rngkf af`fgeno cnef`keoco Jurvo Ikefcol, pfcnecf snr rnprnsnetoco o prnssf fu tn`pnroturo jfestoetn otrovs cn u`

ckogroò trkoegulor.

Fisnrvoecf jf` uò vksf prtkjo, tn`-sn qun o òkfr oplkjof cn nstucfs cn skstnòs tnrerkfs o nxtroflqukcf-lqukcf. ]fr kssf skstnòs jf` trs jf`pfenetns jf`plnto`netn `ksjvnks netrn sk kecnpnecnetn cosprfpfrns gnrol`netn ef sf `ftkvfs cn nstucfs, of jfetrrkf cfs skstnòs qun oprnsneto` jnrto k`ksjkiklkcocnn qun hustkdkjo` snu prk`fro`netf tnrkjf, enstns josfs f nquklirkf pfcn snr ckvkckcf co snguketn dfrò, jf`f`fstro o Dkguro =?8

Skpf =8 Ef a dfròf cn eneau` por `ksjvnl

Skpf K8 Dfròf cn u` por porjkol`netn `ksjvnl2

Skpf KK8 Dfròf cn cfks porns porjkol`netn `ksjvnks2

Skpf KKK8 Dfròf cn trs porns porjkol`netn `ksjvnks


4/25

:

Dkguro =?8 Skpfs cn jurvos ikefcoksF tkpf K, jf` u` por porjkol`netn `ksjvnl, f tkpf cn nquklirkf òks jfù` cnetrn fs skstnòs tnrerkfs qun

oprnsneto` olguò k`ksjkiklkcocn n toì` f qun fjfrrn ef nxpnrk`netf rnolkzocf ef loifrotrkf netrn guo,

jkcf ojtkjf n ojntotf cn ntklo.

O jurvo ikefcol cf skstnò keckjo o ùcoeo cn sfluiklkcocn cos dosns rkjos n` O n J jf` o ockf cn I n ckvkcn fckogroò n` cuos dosns ckstketos. O rno ojkò co jurvo ikefcol rnprnsneto os jf`pfskns n` nquklirkf eosprfpfrns n` qun fjfrrn sf`netn uò dosn ef skstnò (sfluf af`fgeno), h o rno oiokxf co jurvo keckjo orngkf cn jf`pfskns co `ksturo fecn sn dfrò` cuos dosns (sfluf antnrfgeno), jf`f `fstro o Dkguro =9.

Dkguro =98 Ckogroò trkoegulor jf`pfstf jf` jurvo ikefcol n lkeao cn oòrrof

F pfetf ef quol sn nejfetro` fs cfks sng`netfs co jurvo ikefcol jaoòcf cn pfetf jrtkjf. Enln a odfròf cn cuos dosns jf` jf`pfskns n cneskcocns kcetkjos. ]oro uò nxtrof lqukcf-lqukcf ndkjknetn enjnssrkf o nsjflao cn u` if` sflvnetn. ]fr` nxkstn uò o`plo vorkncocn cn lqukcfs o snrn` usocfs jf`fsflvnetns, n olguòs jorojtnrstkjos cnjkskvos poro o nsjflao sf8

Znlntkvkcocn 8 ndkjkejko cn u` sflvnetn eo snporof cn uò sfluf jfetnecf O n I `nckcojf`poroecf-sn os rozns netrn os drons cfs cfks jf`pfenetns (O n I) eos cuos dosns. Zn nstos roznsdfrn` kguoks, ef pfssvnl o snporof. _uoetf òkfr dfr o ckdnrneo netrn nlos, òks ndkjknetn fsflvnetn. O snlntkvkcocn gnrol`netn vorko iostoetn jf` o jfejnetrof cn sflvnetn ef `nkf, n nsto sn`prn kguol uekcocn ef pfetf jrtkjf.

Ynjupnroiklkcocn8 k`pfrtoetn rnjupnror f sflvnetn poro rnutklkzof, n kstf cnvn snr dnktf otrovs cnfutro fpnrof cn troesdnrejko cn òsso.

Cnetrn futros jorojtnrstkjos, f sflvnetn ef cnvn snr txkjf en` kedlo`vnl n jfrrfskvf, n cnvn tnr iokxfjustf. Futro porjnlo k`pfrtoetn eo jfestruf cn u` ckogroò tnrerkf sf os lkeaos cn oòrrof. Cnetrf co jurvo


5/25

3ikefcol nxkstn` kedkektos rntos qun sf os lkeaos cn oòrrof n rnprnsneto` os jf`pfskns cos cuos dosnsdfròcos. Eo dkguro =9, tn`fs qun o rnto dfròco pnlfs pfetfs Y n N jf`pn` uò lkeao cn oòrrof.

Os lkeaos cn oòrrof rnprnsneto` cocfs co ckstrkiukf cf sflutf n` oìos os dosns cf skstnò n`nquklirkf tnr`fcke`kjf. Cnetrf co rngkf cn kesfluiklkcocn netrn sflvnetn n cklunetn (jurvo ikefcol) ef ckogroòtnrerkf, tnrn`fs os prfpfrns cn sflutf, n` òsso fu n` `flns, prnsnetn ef cklunetn n ef sflvnetn. Nssns pfetfsnstf uekcfs pfr uò lkeao rnto, qun surgn jf`f rnsultocf cn u` ioloef cn òsso cf skstnò, jf` fs nxtrn`fs

rnjokecf sfirn o jurvo ikefcol. N` u` skstnò n` nquklirkf pfssvnl fitnr kedkektos lkeaos cn oòrrof, snecfqun nssos lkeaos ef sf porolnlos netrn sk n vf ùcoecf cn kejlkeof suovn`netn, cn ojfrcf jf` o oltnrof eojfejnetrof cos dosns.

Os lkeaos cn oòrrof pfcn` snr joljulocos pfr sfdtworns qun sn iosnko` n` `tfcfs tnrkjfs cn grupfs,jf`f f êkquoj fu êkdoj, fu sk`plns`netn joljulocos pfr `tfcfs oeoltkjfs nxpnrk`netoks, jf`f o tktulof, ojrfòtfgrodko lqukco fu o jrfòtfgrodko gosfso. ^soecf o tjekjo co tktulof poro sn cntnr`keor o jf`pfskf cosdosns n` nquklirkf poro f nstucf co sfluf cn jkcf ojtkjf, ojntotf cn ntklo n guo, cnvn-sn cntnr`keor o òssocn jkcf ojtkjf prnsnetn n` joco dosn n o suo drof `sskjo.

O portkr cn cocfs dfrenjkcfs ef prfjnck`netf nxpnrk`netol rndnrnetns s jf`pfskns cn u` skstnò n`nquklirkf cn jkcf ojtkjf, guo n ojntotf cn ntklo pfssvnl jfestrukr u` grdkjf qun rnlojkfeo o drof `sskjo cfjf`pfenetn n` òkfr prfpfrf n` duef co drof `sskjo cn jkcf ojtkjf n` joco uò cos dosns. Ossk`, o

portkr cfs cocfs nxpnrk`netoks poro o drof `sskjo cn jkcf ojtkjf, pfcn-sn cntnr`keor o jf`pfskf qu`kjo cnguo fu ojntotf cn ntklo eos dosns n` qun nstns opornjn` n` òkfr prfpfrf. N poro cntnr`keor o drof `sskjocf jf`pfenetn n` `nefr prfpfrf n` joco uò cos dosns uso-sn o nquof :, coco o sngukr.

]oro cntnr`keor o ndkjkejko cn uò nxtrof cnvn-sn lnvor n` jfeskcnrof o dfrò jf`f f sflutf sn

ckstrkiuk netrn sflvnetn n cklunetn. ]oro kssf cnvn-sn cntnr`keor f jfndkjknetn cn portkf co `ksturo n` nquklirkf.F jfndkjknetn cn portkf (Ck) joljulocf o portkr co rozf netrn o jf`pfskf `sskjo cf sflutf ef sflvnetn n ojf`pfskf `sskjo cf sflutf ef cklunetn, cn ojfrcf jf` o nquof 3, fecn e rnprnsneto o kcnetkdkjof co jlulo._uoetf òkfr f volfr cn Cke, `nlafrns rnsultocfs sf nspnrocfs poro o snporof.

@otnrkoks n @tfcfs

Lkeaos cn Oòrrof

]oro f nxpnrk`netf cn Lkeaos cn Oòrrof, dfro` utklkzocfs fs snguketns òtnrkoks8

Duekl cn snporof2

Ogktocfrns2

Ioeaf tnr`fsttkjf2

Snr``ntrf2

]rfvntos2

Iurntos2

Ogktocfrns ògetkjfs2

guo cnstkloco, jkcf ojtkjf, ojntotf cn ntklo, ljffl ntlkjf, akcrxkcf cn sckf n dnefldtolneo.

F prfjnck`netf jfeskstku n`8


6/25

>

Yngulfu-sn f ioeaf tnr`fsttkjf n` 9=J2

N` joco duekl cn snporof, ockjkfefu-sn ?== `L cn sfluf oqufso cn jkcf ojtkjf o cntnr`keocojfejnetrof8 >, ?=, ?>, 9=, 9> n :=% n` iosn vflu`trkjo. @ncku-sn fs vflu`ns jf` uò prfvnto2

N` joco duekl, ockjkfefu-sn ?== `L cn ojntotf cn ntklo2

Ogktfu-sn pfr := `keutfs jf` u` ogktocfr n cnjoetfu-sn pfr òks :=2

^ò sfluf cn 9@ cn EoFA dfk dnkto, pnsoecf-sn 1=g cn EoFA slkcf n cklukecf-sn n` u` lktrf cn guo. Solsfluf dfk pocrfekzoco pfstnrkfr`netn pfr futrf grupf, fitnecf-sn o jfejnetrof cn ?,11@2

Cntnr`kefu-sn o jfejnetrof cn jkcf ojtkjf n` joco uò cos dosns dfròcos ef duekl, snporoecf-sn uòolqufto cn ?= `L cn joco, ockjkfeoecf-sn ljffl ntlkjf n tktuloecf-sn jf` EoFA n dnefldtolneo.

Jurvo Ikefcol

]oro f nxpnrk`netf cn jurvo ikefcol, dfro` utklkzocfs fs snguketns òtnrkoks8

Iurntos2

Ioeaf tnr`fsttkjf2

Iostns ogetkjfs2

Jlulos nejo`ksocos2

Zkstnò cn ogktof ògetkjf2

]nro cn ifrrojao cn : vkos2

guo cnstkloco, ojntotf cn ntklo n jkcf ojtkjf.

F prfjnck`netf jfestktuk n`8

Yngulfu-sn f ioeaf tnr`fsttkjf o 9=J2

N` uò cos jlulos, jflfjfu-sn jnrjo cn ?== `L cn guo cnstkloco. Oguorcfu-sn jnrjo cn ?= `keutfs poroqun o tn`pnroturo nstoiklkzossn2

Ockjkfefu-sn uò quoetkcocn cn ojntotf cn ntklo sfi ogktof ot qun uò sngueco dosn dfssn fitkco.Oeftfu-sn f vflu`n ockjkfeocf2

Ockjkfefu-sn jnrjo cn 9`L cn jkcf ojtkjf poro o `ksturo vfltor o snr `fefdskjo2

Ockjkfefu-sn futro quoetko cn ojntotf cn ntklo ot o dfròf co sngueco dosn. Af`fgnenkzfu-sn jf`jkcf ojtkjf, n ossk` pfr ckoetn, ot cntnr`keor-sn ?= pfetfs co jurvo ikefcol2

Ynpntku-sn f nxpnrk`netf, pfr` ogfro kekjkol`netn jf` ?== `L cn ojntotf cn ntklo, ockjkfeoecf-snolquftos cn guo n af`fgnenkzoecf-sn jf` 9 `L cn jkcf ojtkjf2


7/25

4

@n`rko cn Jljulf

Jurvo Ikefcol

Tkstf qun o tn`pnroturo ef ketnrkfr co jlulo pnròenjn jfestoetn o 9= J, t`-sn o rnlof co òsso cosuistejko ockjkfeoco jlulo jf` f vflu`n8

(?)Oplkjoecf o nquof ojkò, fit`-sn os òssos cn joco jf`pfenetn ockjkfeocos ot f pfetf cn turikcnz

ef ketnrkfr co jlulo cn nquklirkf8

(9) (:)

(3)O portkr co òsso nejfetroco n jfeanjnecf os rnspnjtkvos òssos `florns, fit`-sn f e`nrf cn `fls

nqukvolnetns òsso ockjkfeoco cn joco jf`pfenetn of skstnò tnrerkf8

(>) (4)

(7)Joljulo-sn os drons `florns cn joco suistejko cf skstnò, n` joco pfetf cn turikcnz fitkcf8

(1) (;) (?=)

Znecf ossk`, poro joco pfetf fitkcf, joljulo-sn fs volfrns cos drons `florns cn joco jf`pfenetn nossu`n-sn qun nssn pfetf pnrtnejn jurvo ikefcol nxpnrk`netol. Dfrò-sn, pfrtoetf, f ckogroò tnrerkf.

Nxn`plf cf prfjnck`netf cn jljulf (ossu`kecf-sn f pfetf 9 co jurvo ikefcol)8

Soinlo ?. Cocfs nxpnrk`netoks poro f pfetf 9 co jurvo ikefcol.Tguo0 ?==`L `guo0 ;;,1g eguo0 >,>3 `fl xguo 0 =,;7:3Tjkcf0 9,=`L `jkcf0 9,?=g ejkcf0 =,=3 `fl xjkcf0 =,=?>>Tojntotf0 >,= `L òjntotf0 3,>?g eojntotf0 =,=> `fl xojntotf0 =,=???

etftol0 >,4: `fl

Ynolkzoro`-sn fs jljulfs jfeskcnroecf os prfprkncocns dskjos cos suistejkos cnsjrktos eo Soinlo =?8


8/25

7Soinlo 9. ]rfprkncocns dskjos cfs jf`pfenetns cf skstnò tnrerkf, 9= J.

Jf`pfenetn @.@. (g/`fl) (g/j`)

guo ?1,=?> =,;;1

jkcf Ojtkjf 4=,=>9 ?,=3;

Ojntotf cn Ntklo 11,?=7 =,;=?

]fr dk`, pfcn-sn netf nstkòr f pnrdkl co jurvo ikefcol cf skstnò tnrerkf jfeskcnrocf ef nxpnrk`netf.

Lkeaos cn oòrrof

Cntnr`kefu-sn os drons `sskjos cf jkcf ojtkjf o portkr cfs cocfs nxpnrk`netoks. ]oro nstocntnr`keof utklkzorn`fs fs cocfs cn sfluf cn jkcf ojtkjf o ?=%, eo dosn oqufso (Soinlo =;sfluf 9).

Soinlo :. Cocfs poro cntnr`keof cn drof `sskjo

O`fstro @osso (g) Tflu`n EoFA (`L)

? ?=,=? >,3

9 ?=,=: >,:

@cko ?=,=9 >,:>

F e`nrf cn `fls cn EoFA cocf pfr8 (??)Co nstnqukf`ntrko (?8?) co rnof, tn`-sn qun8

EoFAojntkjfoj ee

. (?9)

O sfluf cn EoFA h nstovo pocrfekzoco pfr u` cfs grupfs - qun rnolkzfu f nxpnrk`netf ops f efssf,tnecf n` vksto qun prnporo`fs o sfluf n ef tkvn`fs tn`pf aikl poro pocrfekz-lo - n suo jfejnetrof ?,11@. Ossk`, pfcn`fs joljulor o òsso cn jkcf ojtkjf .

]oro cntnr`keor o drof `sskjo, utklkzorn`fs o nquof oiokxf8

wjf`p 0`jf`p

tftol


9/25

1

woj.ojntkjf

0

=, 4=3

?=, =?0 =, =4=:

Fs jljulfs ojkò dfro` dnktfs poro os dosns oqufso n frgekjo. O portkr cos drons `sskjos cn jkcf ojtkjfn co jurvo ikefcol cnsnevflvkco oetnrkfr`netn, nejfetro-sn os cnòks drons `sskjos poro guo n ojntotf cn ntklon, cnsto òenkro, troo-sn os lkeaos cn oòrrof cf skstnò tnrerkf n` nstucf.

Otrovs cfs cocfs ckspfevnks eo opfstklo poro joco dosn cn uò jlulo cn nquklirkf pfcn`fs fitnr otnecejko cos quoetkcocns cn drons `sskjos cn guo pfr drons `sskjos cn jkcf ojtkjf eo dosn oqufso n,nqukvolnetn`netn, cn drons `sskjos cn ojntotf cn ntklo pfr drof `sskjo cn jkcf ojtkjf eo dosn frgekjo. Ofoplkjor`fs u` ohustn lkenor o nssns cocfs, pfcnrn`fs fitnr poro quolqunr drof `sskjo cn jkcf ojtkjf osjfrrnspfecnetns drons cn guo eo sfluf rkjo n` cklunetn n drof cn ojntotf cn ntklo eo dosn rkjo n` sflvnetnfrgekjf. O portkr ckssf, pfcn`fs joljulor o quoetkcocn cf tnrjnkrf jf`pfenetn, cocf qun o sfò cn tfcos osdrons `sskjos cnvn snr kguol uekcocn.

Nssns cfks ohustns lkenorns sf pfssvnks pfrqun portn-sn co tnfrko cn qun f sflutf eo dosn oqufso prfvfjo forrostn cf sflvnetn poro nsto dosn n f sflvnetn eo dosn frgekjo toì` orrosto portn cf cklunetn poro nsto futrodosn. Jf`f nssn orrostn prfpfrjkfeol quoetkcocn cn sflutf prnsnetn n` oìos os dosns, pfcn`fs jfejlukr qun

a uò cnpnecejko netrn nssns volfrns, cn òenkro qun uò duef pfcn snr gnroco poro rnlojkfeor fs cocfs n`qunstf.

Jf` os jf`pfskns cn joco suistejko cntnr`keoco, pfssvnl cntnr`keor os lkeaos cn oòrrof efckogroò tnrerkf, poro os suistejkos nstucocos, n f pfetf jrtkjf.

Ynsultocfs n Cksjussf

Jfedfr`n h cntolaocf eo rnvksf tnrkjo cf nxpnrk`netf f prkejpkf dueco`netol qun efrtnko fs

dne`nefs fisnrvocfs o ckdnrneo cn odkekcocn dskjo n qu`kjo netrn fs ckdnrnetns jf`pfstfs. guo, jkcfojtkjf n ojntotf cn ntklo pfssun` ckdnrnetns nstruturos qu`kjos n o `ksturo cnssns jf`pfenetns jf`pn u`skstnò jf` ckvnrsos ketnrons. N` gnrol, coco o eoturnzo cfs jf`pfstfs, dfrò`-sn ketnrons ketnr`flnjulornsnxprnsskvos jf`f lkgons cn akcrfgekf n dfros cn Toe cnr Wolls.

O nstoiklkcocn cnssn skstnò duef cn por`ntrfs cf `nkf, jf`f tn`pnroturo n prnssf, n cojf`pfskf co `ksturo. Cn `fcf qun cntnr`keocos jf`pfskns nstoiklkzo` f skstnò eo `nckco qun ck`keun`snu evnl nenrgtkjf, vorkof engotkvo co nenrgko lkvrn cn Gkiis, n pfcn` dfror o snporof co `ksturo kekjkol n`cuos dosns ckstketos. N` futros polovros, o dfròf cn cuos dosns òks nstvnl cf qun fs jf`pfstfs kekjkol`netnsnporocfs n cf qun eo dfròf cn uò ekjo dosn. Sn`fs ossk` uò sktuof cn nquklirkf lqukcf-lqukcf netrncuos dosns cn jf`pfskns ckdnrnetns, qun sn otkegn ops u` prfjnssf cn troesdnrejko cn òsso netrn-dosns.

Jurvo Ikefcol

Jf` iosn efs cocfs nxpnrk`netoks fitkcfs pfssvnl jfestrukr f ckogroò tnrerkf jf` o jurvo ikefcol co`ksturo guo, ojntotf cn ntklon jkcf ojtkjf.O sngukr oprnsneto`fs fs grdkjfs nxpnrk`netoks n` iosn `flor n`sskjo n jfehueto`netn fs cocfs jfrrnspfecnetns. Sroto`-sn cn cocfs sfirn f vflu`n ockjkfeocf cn jocosuistejko eo `ksturo, n suo jfrrnspfecejko n` drof `sskjo n `flor. Zngun toì` uò lngneco ocftoco.

Soinlo =3. Lngneco ocftoco ef troto`netf cfs cocfs.

Zìflf Cndkekf êkcocn

xk Drof `flor cf jf`pfenetn k Ock`neskfeol

wk Drof `sskjo cf jf`pfenetn k Ock`neskfeolTk Tflu`n cf jf`pfenetn k RL

:P


10/25

;

Soinlo =>. Cocfs nxpnrk`netoks rndnrnetns ofs pfetfs co jurvo ikefcol - Ojntotf cn Ntklo n` `okfr jfejnetrof.

ZflufTj. Ojtkjf

(`L)Tguo(`L)

TOjntotf(`L)

wj. Ojtkjf(%)

wguo(%)

wOjntotf(%)

xj. Ojtkjf(%)

xguo(%)

xOjntotf(%)

(?o) =,= 1,= ?==,= =,== 4,7? ;:,9; =,== 94,=? 7:,;;

(9o) 9,= ?=,= ?==,= ?,1; 1,=; ;=,=9 3,43 9;,?? 44,93

(:o) 3,= ??,> ?==,= :,47 ;,=9 17,:? 1,>9 :=,7? 4=,77

(3o) 4,= ?:,> ?==,= >,:: ?=,93 13,3: ??,44 :9,1; >>,33

(>o) 1,= ?>,9 ?==,= 4,1; ??,?; 1?,;9 ?3,:; :3,91 >?,:9

(4o) ?9,= ?4,> ?==,= ;,;= ??,4: 71,34 ?;,4= ::,7; 34,4=

(7o) ?4,= ?1,= ?==,= ?9,4> ?9,?4 7>,?; 9:,1> ::,4: 39,>9

(1o) ?1,= ?;,= ?==,= ?:,;9 ?9,>> 7:,>: 9>,>; ::,14 3=,>>

(;o) 9=,= ?;,> ?==,= ?>,?1 ?9,4> 79,?7 97,3? ::,>= :;,=;

(?=o) 99,= 9=,> ?==,= ?4,:3 ?:,=? 7=,43 91,14 ::,79 :7,39

Soinlo =4. Cocfs nxpnrk`netoks rndnrnetns ofs pfetfs co jurvo ikefcol - guo n` `okfr jfejnetrof.

ZflufTj. Ojtkjf

(`L)Tguo(`L)

TOjntotf(`L)

wj. Ojtkjf(%)

wguo(%)

wOjntotf(%)

xj. Ojtkjf(%)

xguo(%)

xOjntotf(%)

(?i) =,= ?==,= 3,= =,== ;>,73 3,94 =,== ;;,?= =,;=

(9i) 9,= ?==,= >,= 9,?7 ;9,47 >,?4 ?,>> ;7,:3 ?,??

(:i) 3,= ?==,= 4,> 3,?1 1;,:> 4,34 :,=> ;>,>3 ?,3?

(3i) 4,= ?==,= 7,1 4,=7 14,3: 7,>= 3,3; ;:,13 ?,47

(>i) 1,= ?==,= ;,4 7,1= 1:,:= 1,;= >,11 ;9,?? 9,=?

(4i) ?=,= ?==,= ??,4 ;,:; 1=,9> ?=,:4 7,9? ;=,3= 9,:;

(7i) ?9,= ?==,= ?:,1 ?=,1> 77,91 ??,17 1,3; 11,79 9,7;(1i) ?3,= ?==,= ?>,9 ?9,9; 7>,=9 ?9,4; ;,73 17,93 :,=9

(;i) ?4,= ?==,= ?7,3 ?:,>4 79,39 ?3,=9 ?=,;: 1>,47 :,:;

(?=i) ?1,= ?==,= ?;,4 ?3,73 4;,;; ?>,97 ?9,=1 13,?4 :,7>


11/25

?=

Dkguro :Ckogroò tnrerkf jf` fs pfetfs nxpnrk`netoks cos jurvos ik`fcoks co frgekjo n oqufso huetf ofs jkejf

pfetfs qun dfro` cnsjfeskcnrocfs poro f ohustn lkenor cos rntos cfs grdkjfs cn jf`pfskf.

Olgues pfetfs nxpnrk`netoks cnstfovo` skgekdkjotkvo`netn co tnecejko nspnroco poro os jfejnetrons co

dosn frgekjo co `ksturo, jf`f sn pfcn fisnrvor eo jurvo ikefcol ohustoco eo Dkguro :, cnsto dfrò, jf` nstns

pfetfs jfeskcnrocfs poro f ohustn eu`rkjf, o jurvo ikefcol ef tn` sujnssf n ckvnrgn. Fs rnsultocfs fitkcfs jf`

o nxjlusf cnssns pfetfs sn `fstroro` òks jfnrnetns, n o hustkdkjotkvo cnsso oltnrof sn nejfetro eo oelksn cn

nrrfs o sngukr, n` iosn `flor n `sskjo, rnspnjtkvo`netn, eos Dkguros 3 n >.

Dkguro 3Jurvo ikefcol, n` drof `flor, ohustoco o portkr cfs pfetfs fitkcfs pnlf ohustn cfs cocfs nxpnrk`netoks.

x guo

xOjntotf

cn

Ntklo x

jkc

fOjtkjf

=,? =,9 =,: =,3 =,> =,4 =,7 =,1 =,;

=.?

=.9

=.:

=.3

=.>

=.4

=.7

=.1

=.;

=.;>

=.1>

=.7>

=.4>

=.>>

=.3>

=.:>

=.9>

=.?>

=.=>

S n r eo r y @ o p ( @ f ln I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJNS

NSFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

x guo


12/25

??

Dkguro >Jurvo ikefcol, n` drof `sskjo, ohustoco o portkr cfs pfetfs fitkcfs pnlf ohustn cfs cocfs

nxpnrk`netoks.

Oprnsneto`fs toì` fs grdkjfs tnrkjfs poro f skstnò n` qunstf, jfestrucfs o portkr cf prfgroòOspne]lus

:.

Dkguro 4Ckogroò tnrerkf tnrkjf n` iosn `flor poro `ksturo8 guo, jkcf Ojtkjf n Ojntotf cn Ntklo

S n r eo r y @ o p ( @ o s s I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJN

SNS

FA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

w guo

S n r eo r y @ o p ( @ f l n I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJNS

NSFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

7=,73 J

?9=,;: J


13/25

?9

Dkguro 7Ckogroò tnrerkf tnrkjf n` iosn `sskjo poro `ksturo8 guo, jkcf Ojtkjf n Ojntotf cn Ntklo

Jf`porof cfs rnsultocfs tnrkjfs n nxpnrk`netoks n oelksn cn nrrfs

A cntnr`keocos ckdnrneos netrn fs rnsultocfs nxpnrk`netoks n fs ckogroòs tnrkjfs fitkcfs vkoOspne]lus:. Ef ckogroò n` iosn `flor, o iosn cf trkegulf nxpnrk`netol pfssuk uò iosn `nefr, fu snho, keckjouò òkfr sfluiklkcocn co `ksturo ikerko guo n ojntotf cn ntklo, f ckogroò tnrkjf pfssuk uò iosn òks lorgo.Jf`f nspnrocf, oìfs pfssun` uò ckstrkiukf cn pfetfs eo dosn frgekjo, nequoetf fs pfetfs co dosn oqufso

nstf òks prxk`fs, keckjoecf qun o dosn frgekjo opneos soturo jf` òkfr jfejnetrons cfs futrfsjf`pfenetns. N` iosn `sskjo, o ckspnrsf cfs pfetfs dkjo òks af`fgeno, coco o pfecnrof cos òssos`florns cfs jf`pfenetns. F ckogroò nxpnrk`netol pfssuk uò rno antnrfgeno, fecn sn dfrò cuos dosns,òkfr, n o jruvo ikefcol otkegn volfrns cn jf`pfskf cn jkcf òkfrns, prxk`fs oxjkcf ojtkjf0 =,:.

Efvo`netn dkjo nvkcnetn qun o nxjlusf cfs pfetfs nxpnrk`netoks sn `fstrfu enjnssrko, coco o `nlafrjfegruejko cfs ckogroòs quoecf sn jf`poro o tnecejko co Dkguro : jf` o Dkguro 3. Eo portn rndnrnetn ofnxpnrk`netf cn lkeaos cn oòrrof, o prkejkpol ckdkjulcocn fisnrvoco dfk o vksuolkzof cf pfetf cn vkrogn`.Oìos os dosns, okeco qun oprnsnetossn` eckjns cn rndrof ckdnrnetns, nro` troesljkcos f qun ckdkjultovopnrjninr toetf f opornjk`netf co sngueco dosn quoetf o nstoiklkcocn cnsso sngueco dosn, h qun nro enjnssrkf quno ogktof af`fgnenkzossn f `nkf o dk` cn ossnguror f pfetf cn vkrogn`. Cnssn `fcf, ùktf prfvvnl qun poro

jnrtfs volfrns cn sfluf cn guo fu ojntotf ockjkfeocos h sn tneao possocf cf pfetf cn vkrogn` ef pnrjninecfnxpnrk`netol`netn o ùcoeo, fs rnsultocfs oprnsneto` volfrns cn vflu`n supnrkfrns of pfetf cn vkrogn`vnrcocnkrf.

O jfestruf co jurvo toì` sn `fstrfu lk`ktoco quoetf o jflnto cn pfetfs, pfetfs jf` òkfrnsjfejnetrof cn jkcf nro` ckdjnks cn snrn` fisnrvocfs, pfks eo portn supnrkfr cf ckogroò os sneskiklkcocn svorkons eo ockf cfs jf`pfstfs ou`neto skgekdkjotkvo`netn, uò vnz qun os jurvos sn oprfxkò` cf pfetfjrtkjf. Cnssn `fcf, uò òkfr jflnto cn pfetfs nxpnrk`netoks, jfetfreoco o ckdkjulcocn cn vksuolkzof cf pfetfcn vkrogn`, pfcnrko lnvor o uò `nlafr jurvo ikefcol, iosnoco n` uò òkfr ckspnrsf cfs cocfs.

A9F

NSOJ

NS

NSFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

7=,73 J

?9=,;: J


14/25

?:Jlosskdkjof cf tkpf cn skstnò cn nquklirkf

F skstnò cn nquklirkf nxpnrk`netol oprnsneto u` por cn jf`pfstfs porjkol`netn `ksjvnks, guo nojntotf cn ntklo, nvkcnejkoecf qun f jkcf ojtkjf pfcnrko doznr f popnl cn sflvnetn nxtrotfr poro nsso `ksturo.Fisnrvo-sn cnssn `fcf uò rngkf antnrfgeno eo iosn cf ckogroò fecn sn dfrò` cuos dosns. Futrfs nxn`plfscn ckogroòs tnrerkfs kejlun` òks cn u` por cn jf`pfstfs porjkol`netn `ksjvnks n o dfròf cn uò rngkfjf` trs dosns (enssn josf nxkstn` trkegulfs cn oòrrof), jf`f h cntolaocf eo rnvksf tnrkjo oetnrkfr`netn.

Kedluejko co tn`pnroturo

O tn`pnroturo kedluk eo sfluiklkcocn cn u` jf`pfstf n` uò coco dosn n vorkvnl dueco`netol efploenho`netf cn fpnrof cn snporof. N` gnrol f ou`netf co tn`pnroturo ou`neto o sfluiklkcocn n ck`keuk efckogroò tnrerkf o rngkf cnlk`ktoco pnlo jurvo ikefcol, qun jfrrnspfecn rngkf fecn sn dfrò` cuos dosns.^ò rnprnsnetof cf ckogroò tnrerkf n` duef co tn`pnroturo grdkjo in` nsso rnlof gnrol, jf`f eo dkgurooiokxf. Josf sn rnpkto f nxpnrk`netf o futros tn`pnroturos pfcnrko sn fitnr nsso rnlof nxpnrk`netol`netn.

Dkguro 1Ckogroò tnrerkf n` duef co tn`pnroturo, ndnktf co tn`pnroturo eo jfedfròf cfckogroò, snecf qun S35S:5S95S?

9

]fr` a josfs n` qun o ck`keukf co tn`pnroturo ojorrnto n` u` ou`netf co sfluiklkcocn cf sflutfn` uò dosn, snecf qun a uò tn`pnroturo oiokxf co quol dfrò-sn sn`prn uò ekjo dosn kecnpnecnetn`netnco jf`pfskf co `ksturo glfiol, o tn`pnroturo jfesfluto kednrkfr. F `ns`f sn vnrkdkjo poro o tn`pnroturojfesfluto supnrkfr jf` f ou`netf co tn`pnroturo. ]fcn-sn jfestrukr u` ckogroò qun jfrrnlojkfen o dfròf cnckdnrnetns dosns jf` o tn`pnroturo, poro f josf cn uò `ksturo ikerko oprnsneto`fs f grdkjf n` qunstf o dk`cn `nlafr vksuolkzor nsso rnlof.

Dkguro ; Jf`pfskf n` duef co tn`pnroturo poro `ksturo ikerko, ndnktf co tn`pnroturo eosfluiklkcocn. 9


15/25

?3Lkeaos cn Oòrrof

O portkr cfs cocfs utklkzocfs poro jfestruf co jurvo ikefcol eo dosn rkjo n` guo n eo dosn rkjo n` ojntotfcn ntklo pfssvnl nstkpulor uò rnlof netrn o jf`pfskf cn dosn n o drof cn jkcf ojtkjf jfrrnspfecnetn. Efnxpnrk`netf cos lkeaos cn oòrrof sn cntnr`keo poro joco pfetf nxpnrk`netol o drof cn jkcf ojtkjf, pfr`nkf co tktulof, cn `fcf qun jf` o rnlof ojkò pfssvnl nstkòr toì` os drons cn guo n ojntotf cnntklo n ossk` cntnr`keor o pfskf cfs pfetfs cn nxtrn`kcocn co lkeaos cn oòrrof. F prfjnck`netf uò

oprfxkòf pfks o rnlof fitkco co jurvo ikefcol ef nxoto, n suo oplkjof sn sustneto pfks os vorkof cojfejnetrof cn jkcf of lfegf cfs pfetfs nxpnrk`netoks ùktf pnquneo. Oprnsneto`-sn o sngukr fs grdkjfs qunrnlojkfeo` o drof `flor n `sskjo cn jkcf ojtkjf jf` os drons n guo n ojntotf cn ntklo, in` jf`f fs cocfsqun jfrrnspfecn` of ohustn dnktf.

Soinlo =7. Cocfs ohustocfs rndnrnetns ofs pfetfs co jurvo ikefcol - Ojntotf n` òkfr jfejnetrof.

Zflufwj. Ojtkjf

(%)wguo(%)

wOjntotf(%)

xj. Ojtkjf(%)

xguo(%)

xOjntotf(%)

(?o) =,== 4,7> ;:,9> =,== 94,?> 7:,1>

(9o) ?,>= 7,79 ;=,71 ?,>= 97,== 7?,>=

(:o) :,== 1,4; 11,:? :,== 97,1> 4;,?>

(3o) 3,>= ;,44 1>,13 3,>= 91,7? 44,7;

(>o) 4,== ?=,49 1:,:1 4,== 9;,>4 43,33

(4o) 7,>= ??,>; 1=,;? 7,>= :=,3? 49,=;

(7o) ;,== ?9,>4 71,33 ;,== :?,94 >;,73

(1o) ?=,>= ?:,>: 7>,;7 ?=,>= :9,?9 >7,:1

(;o) ?9,== ?3,>= 7:,>= ?9,== :9,;7 >>,=:(?=o) ?:,>= ?>,37 7?,=: ?:,>= ::,19 >9,41

Soinlo =1. Cocfs ohustocfs rndnrnetns ofs pfetfs co jurvo ikefcol - guo n` òkfr jfejnetrof.

Zflufwj. Ojtkjf

(%)wguo(%)

wOjntotf(%)

xj. Ojtkjf(%)

xguo(%)

xOjntotf(%)

(?i) =,== ;4,>9 :,31 =,== ;;,91 =,79

(9i) ?,>= ;:,11 3,49 ?,== ;1,=3 =,;4

(:i) :,== ;?,93 >,74 9,== ;4,1= ?,9=

(3i) 3,>= 11,>; 4,;? :,== ;>,>4 ?,33

(>i) 4,== 1>,;> 1,=> 3,== ;3,:9 ?,41

(4i) 7,>= 1:,:? ;,?; >,== ;:,=1 ?,;9

(7i) ;,== 1=,47 ?=,:: 4,== ;?,13 9,?4

(1i) ?=,>= 71,=: ??,37 7,== ;=,4= 9,3=

(;i) ?9,== 7>,:; ?9,4? 1,== 1;,:4 9,43

(?=i) ?:,>= 79,73 ?:,74 ;,== 11,?9 9,11


16/25

?>

Dkguro ?=Jurvos ohustocos co jfejnetrof jf`pfenetn òks jfejnetrocf n` duef co jfejnetrof cf sflutfiosn `sskjo

Dkguro ??Jurvos ohustocos co jfejnetrof jf`pfenetn òks jfejnetrocf n` duef co jfejnetrof cf sflutfiosn `flor

Ossk` pfssvnl rnlojkfeor fs rnsultocfs cfs cfks nxpnrk`netfs n joljulor os drons cn guo n ojntotf cnntklo o portkr co drof cn jkcf ojtkjf. Oprnsneto`-sn o sngukr fs cocfs cn tktulof poro joco o`fstronxpnrk`netol, kejlukecf o òsso cn olqufto, f vflu`n cn sfluf cn akcrxkcf cn sckf, f e`nrf cn `fls, o òsson o drof `sskjo jfrrnspfecnetn cn jkcf eo o`fstro.

Soinlo =;. Cocfs ohustocfs rndnrnetns s òssos cos o`fstros oqufsos jflntocos n vflu`n cn sfluf cn ZfcoJoustkjo utklkzoco poro tktulor.

Zflufòlqufto?

(g)òlqufto9

(g)òlqufto(?=9bg)

TEoFA?(`L)

TEoFA9(`L)

TEoFA(?=>`)

(?) ?=,=> ?=,=: ?,== 9,> :,? =,91

(9) ?=,=? ?=,=: ?,== >,3 >,: =,>3

(:) ;,1> ?=,=9 =,;; 7,: 7,> =,73

(3) ?=,=3 ?=,=3 ?,== ;,7 ;,7 ;,7=

(>) ;,47 ?=,== =,;1 ?9,> ?9,> ?,9>

(4) ?=,=4 ?=,=3 ?,=? ?3,9 ?3,: ?,3:

y 0 -?.74?9x + =.;4>9Y 0 =.;;7>

y 0 -?.43>1x + =.;:9>Y 0 =.;;;7

4=%

4>%

7=%

7>%

1=%

1>%

;=%

;>%

?==%

=% >% ?=% ?>% 9=%

Drof@sskjo-Jf`pfenetn

òksjfejnetrocf

Drof @sskjo - jkcf Ojtkjf

Dosn OqufsoDosn Frgekjo

y 0 -?.93=:x + =.;;91Y 0 =.;;;4

y 0 -?.>41:x + =.7:1>Y 0 =.;;;:

>=%

>>%4=%

4>%

7=%

7>%

1=%

1>%

;=%

;>%

?==%

=% >% ?=% ?>% 9=%

Dro

f@flor-Jf`pfenetn

òksjfejnetrocf

Drof @flor - jkcf Ojtkjf

Dosn Oqufso

Dosn Frgekjo


17/25

?4Soinlo ?=. Cocfs ocvkecfs co tktulof poro fitnef co drof `sskjo cn jkcf Ojtkjf prnsnetn eos olquftos

oqufsos.

Zfluf ej,A9F (?= `fl) `j,A9F (?= bg) wj,A9F

(?) =,>: =,:9 :%

(9) ?,=? =,4= 4%

(:) ?,:; =,13 1%

(3) ?,19 ?,?= ??%

(>) 9,:> ?,3? ?3%

(4) 9,41 ?,4? ?4%

Soinlo ??. Cocfs ohustocfs rndnrnetns s òssos cos o`fstros frgekjos (Ojntotf) jflntocos n vflu`n cn sfluf cnZfco Joustkjo utklkzoco poro tktulor.

Zflufòlqufto?

(g)òlqufto9

(g)òlqufto(?=9bg)

TEoFA?(`L)

TEoFA9(`L)

TEoFA(?=>`)

(?) ?=,=7 ?=,=3 ?,== 9,> 9,> =,9>(9) ?=,=9 ?=,=7 ?,== > >,9 =,>?

(:) ;,;; ?=,=7 ?,== 7,? 7,3 7,9>

(3) ?=,=: ?=,=4 ?,== ?=,: ?= ?,=9

(>) ;,;1 ?=,=> ?,== ?3 ?:,? ?,:4

(4) ;,;; ?=,=9 ?,== ?>,3 ?>,> ?,>>

Soinlo ?9. Cocfs ocvkecfs co tktulof poro fitnef co drof `sskjo cn jkcf Ojtkjf prnsnetn eos olquftosfrgekjos (Ojntotf).

Zfluf ej,A9F (?= `fl) `j,A9F (?= bg) wj,A9F

(?) =,37 =,91 :%

(9) =,;4 =,>1 4%

(:) ?,:4 =,19 1%

(3) ?,;? ?,?> ??%

(>) 9,>> ?,>: ?3%

(4) 9,;= ?,73 ?4%

N`prngoecf os duens cn jfrrnlof nejfetrocos n grodkjocos oetnrkfr`netn, fitn`fs os jf`pfskns cn

joco uò cos o`fstros nxpnrk`netoks, qun sf os jffrcneocos cf ckogroò tnrerkf qun pnr`ktn` jfestrukr oslkeaos cn oòrrof.

Soinlo ?:. Jf`pfskf cfs efcfs co lkeao cn oòrrof joljulocfs o portkr co jurvo ohustoco poro fs cocfsnxpnrk`netoks cf nxpnrk`netf co jurvo ikefcol, n` drof `sskjo.

Dosn Frgekjo (%) Dosn Oqufso (%)

wj. Ojtkjf wguo wojntotf wj. Ojtkjf wguo wOjntotf

9,1? 1,>4 11,4: :,?> ;=,;7 >,11

>,7: ?=,3> 1:,19 4,=: 1>,;= 1,=7

1,?4 ?9,=9 7;,19 1,3? 1?,7? ;,11

??,3? ?3,?9 73,31 ?=,;? 77,:? ??,71

?>,97 ?4,4? 41,?? ?3,:> 7?,9> ?3,3=

?7,3: ?1,=? 43,>4 ?4,=? 41,:: ?>,44


18/25

?7

Soinlo ?3. Jf`pfskf cfs efcfs co lkeao cn oòrrof joljulocfs o portkr co jurvo ohustoco poro fs cocfsnxpnrk`netoks cf nxpnrk`netf co jurvo ikefcol, n` drof `flor.

Dosn Frgekjo (%) Dosn Oqufso (%)

xj. Ojtkjf xguo xojntotf xj. Ojtkjf xguo xOjntotf

:,=4 :?,?? 4>,1: ?,=? ;7,7= ?,9;>,17 :>,44 >1,37 9,=9 ;4,?: ?,1>

7,;> :;,=3 >:,=? 9,;9 ;3,7: 9,:3

?=,33 3:,=1 34,37 :,;3 ;:,?> 9,;=

?:,=> 37,:= :;,4> >,31 ;=,74 :,7>

?3,:> 3;,39 :4,9: 4,9; 1;,>? 3,9=

Oprnsneto`fs ossk` f jfehuetf cn tfcfs fs rnsultocfs nxpnrk`netoks pfr `nkf cfs ckogroòs tnrerkfs, nìosn `sskjo n `flo, jf` os lkeaos cn oòrrof jfestrucos o portkr cfs pfetfs oprnsnetocfs eos toinlos ojkò.Zngun`-sn toì` jf`f rndnrejko jf`porof os lkeaos cn oòrrof efs ckogroòs tnrerkfs jf` jurvos

ik`fcoks tnrkjos.

Dkguro ?9Ckogroò tnrerkf jf` o jurvo ikefcol , n` drof `sskjo, ohustoco o portkr cn `tfcfs eu`rkjfs:huetf os lkeaos cn oòrrof cntnr`keocos o portkr cf ohustn cfs cocfs n`prkjfs.

S n r eo r y @ o p ( @ o s s I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJNS

NSFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=

.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=

.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

w guo


19/25

?1

Dkguro ?:Ckogroò tnrerkf jf` o jurvo ikefcol , n` drof `flor, ohustoco o portkr cn `tfcfs eu`rkjfs:huetfos lkeaos cn oòrrof cntnr`keocos o portkr cf ohustn cfs cocfs n`prkjfs.

Dkguro ?3Ckogroò tnrerkf jf` o jurvo ikefcol , n` drof `sskjo, ocvkeco cn cocfs co lktnroturo:huetf oslkeaos cn oòrrof cntnr`keocos o portkr cf ohustn cfs cocfs n`prkjfs.

S n reo ry @ o p (@ f ln I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJNS N

SFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

x guo

S n reo ry @ o p (@ o s s I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJNS

NSFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

w guo


20/25

?;

Dkguro ?>Ckogroò tnrerkf jf` o jurvo ikefcol , n` drof `flor, ocvkeco cn cocfs co lktnroturo:huetf os lkeaoscn oòrrof cntnr`keocos o portkr cf ohustn cfs cocfs n`prkjfs.

Fs ckogroòs nxpnrk`netoks oprnsneto` os lkeaos cn oòrrof ef ketnrkfr co jurvo ikefcol, `fstroecf quno oprfxkòf lkenor poro prnckznr os jf`pfskns cn guo n ojntotf cn ntklo o portkr co jfejnetrof cn jkcfojtkjf fitkco pfr tktulof nvkcnejko nrrfs n u` cnsvkf cn ohustn. Nssn cnsvkf, ol` co oprfxkòf lkenor tfòco,

jfesnquejko co prfpogof cfs nrrfs nxpnrk`netoks co portn nxpnrk`netol co jurvo ikefcol.

O kejlkeof cos lkeaos cn oòrrof n o ùcoeo prfgrnsskvo cnsso kejlkeof jfedfr`n sn ùco osjf`pfskns cos dosns oprnsneto f `ns`f rnsultocf cf qun f prnvkstf tnfrkjo`netn, fu snho o dosn rkjo n` ojntotfcn ntklo pfssuk toì` o òkfr jf`pfskf cn jkcf ojtkjf pr-rnquksktf poro o utklkzof cnssn sflvnetn conxtrof. Olks, uò prk`nkro oelksn cfs cocfs prnsnetns eos toinlos efs `fstro` qun efvo`netn o dosn frgekjo,jf` òkfr jf`pfskff cn ojntotf cn ntklo, jf`pfrto òkfrns jfejnetrons cn guo n jkcf oetns cn sn soturor,nequoetf o dosn oqufso prncf`keoetn`netn sn jf`pn cn guo jf` rncuzkcos jf`pfskns cfs futrfs cfksjf`pfstfs. O jf`porof netrn os Dkguros ?9 jf` ?3 n ?: jf` ?> rnvnlo` os `nsòs ckdnrneos cnstojocos eoportn co jurvo ikefcol.

Enssn pfetf jrujkol cnstojor f prfjnck`netf nxpnrk`netol nxnjutocf. Of sn prfjncnr o tktulof cos

o`fstros, olquftos jf` ckdnrnetns jfejnetrons cn jkcf, o sfluf cn akcrxkcf cn sckf ckspfevnl nstovo o uòjfejnetrof dfro cf pocrf nstkpulocf poro f nxpnrk`netf, cn `fcf qun dfk enjnssrkf rndoznr o sfluf iskjo.Ensso jfrrnf cfs òtnrkoks nxpnrk`netoks utklkzocfs, ef sn prfjncnu tktulof co efvo sfluf prnporoco,rnjfrrnu-sn of volfr fitkcf pnlf futrf grupf cn loifrotrkf qun prfjncnu of nxpnrk`netf eo oulo snguketn. Coco okejnrtnzo sfirn o quolkcocn cfs jf`pfstfs usocfs n cf òenhf jfrrntf qun k`prnsjkecvnl ifo prtkjonxpnrk`netol, nrrfs rnlotkvfs cnsso eoturnzo sf nspnrocfs efs nxpnrk`netf n pfcn` kedlunejkor efs cnsvkfsnxpnrk`netol-tnrkjf fisnrvocfs.

S n r eo r y @ o p ( @ f ln I o s k s )

A9F

NSOJNS N

SFA

=,=> =,? =,?> =,9 =,9> =,: =,:> =,3 =,3> =,> =,>> =,4 =,4> =,7 =,7> =,1 =,1> =,; =,;>

=.=>

=.?

=.?>

=.9

=.9>

=.:

=.:>

=.3

=.3>

=.>

=.>>

=.4

=.4>

=.7

=.7>

=.1

=.1>

=.;

=.;>

=.;>

=.;

=.1>

=.1

=.7>

=.7

=.4>

=.4

=.>>

=.>

=.3>

=.3

=.:>

=.:

=.9>

=.9

=.?>

=.?

=.=>

x guo


21/25

9=Cntnr`keof cf pfetf jrtkjf pnlf `tfcf cos porolnlos

F `tfcf cos porolnlos jfeskstn n` uò oprfxkòf grdkjo poro cntnr`keor f pfetf jrtkjf co jurvoikefcol, fecn oìos os dosns pfssun` o `nsò jf`pfskf, portkecf cfs pfetfs cn nxtrn`kcocn cos lkeaos cnoòrrof. Os rntos troocos sf toegnetns ofs pfetfs cn nxtrn`kcocn lkeao cn oòrrof n porolnlos ofs locfs cftrkegulf n quoecf sn jruzo` dfrò` u` jfehuetf cn pfetfs qun keckjo uò jurvo cn tnecejko, nsso jurvoquoecf ketnrjnpto o jurvo ikefcol keckjo f pfetf jrtkjf. Zngun o rnprnsnetof quolktotkvo cf `tfcf.

Dkguro ?4Cntnr`keof quolktotkvo cf pfetf jrtkjf o portkr cf `tfcf cos porolnlos poro fs volfrns cn `ksturofitkcfs pnlf ohustn.

Fs volfrns nejfetrocfs poro f pfetf jrtkjf n` iosn `flor sf oprfxkòco`netn 4:% cn guo, ?7% cn

jkcf ojtkjf n 9=% cn ojntotf cn ntklo.


22/25

9?]or`ntrfs EK_ÔJ

Fs por`ntrfs cn rno, q n q, n cn vflu`n, r, ef dfro` nstkòcfs pfr snrn` prfprkncocns kenrnetns cos

nspjkns eo `ksturo n cntnr`keocfs pfr `tfcfs cn jfetrkiukf cn grupfs, jf`f f `tfcf cn Ifeck. ]frtoetf fs

volfrns co Soinlo ?> sf tfcfs prfvneknetns cn iosns cn cocfs n dfro` fs utklkzocfs pnlf sfdtwornOspne ]lusporo

rngrnssf cfs por`ntrfs cn ketnrof ikerkos cf `tfcf ÊK_ÔJ9.

O nquof cf jfndkjknetn cn otkvkcocn coco pnlf `tfcf ÊK_ÔJ tn` o dfrò8

* () +

(gnrol`netn utklkzo-sn ?=)

Soinlo ?>]or`ntrfs cn ketnrof ikerkfs netrn fs jf`pfenetns cf nquklirkf lqukck-lqukcf frkgkerkfs co iosn

cn cocfs cf sfdtwornOspne ]lus T7.?.

Jf`pfenetn k guo guo jkcf OjtkjfJf`pfenetn h jkcf Ojtkjf Ojntotf cn Ntklo Ojntotf cn Ntklo

Dfetn O]T7? TLN-AFJ O]T7? LLN-OZ]NE O]T7? LLN-LKS

okh =,= -9,=>:9 =

ohk =,= 9,79?3 =

ikh(B-?) -7:,333 >:?,=::: >?,;34

ihk (B-?) 9?;,44= -?9?9,1; ?7;,3>

Slfwnr*(J) 9= = 9>

Suppnr* (J) 3= 7=,3 ??7,=7

Dfetn8 O]T7?, Iosn cn cocfs pocrf cf Ospne ]lus n Ospne ]rfpnrtkns T7.?* Sn`pnroturos `xkòs n èkòs cn volkcocn cfs por`ntrfs


23/25

99Zf`netn fs por`ntrfs cn ketnrof ikerko okh n ikh sf sudkjknetns poro u` if` ohustn cos jurvos

ik`fcoks n sf nstns fs gnrol`netn nejfetrocfs eo lktnroturo. Cnsto dfrò, o portkr cn `tfcfs eu`rkjfs cf

sfdtwornOspnen`prngocfs ofs cocfs n`prkjfs, fitnvn-sn fs snguketns por`ntrfs.

Soinlo ?4]or`ntrfs cn ketnrof ikerkfs netrn fs jf`pfenetns cf nquklirkf lqukck-lqukcf fitkcfs o portkr cf

sfdtwornOspne ]lus T7.? n cfs volfrns n`prkjfs ohustocfs cos jf`pfskns cfs pfetfs co jurvo ikefcol (ojrnjkcf

f cnsvkf-pocrf cfs volfrns).

Jf`pfenetn k guo guo jkcf Ojtkjf

Jf`pfenetn h jkcf Ojtkjf Ojntotf cn Ntklo Ojntotf cn Ntklo

okh -?,:3 =,4> 1,17 =,44 = (Ef ^tklkzocf)

ohk -=,141 =,4>1 -7,73 ?,?1 = (Ef ^tklkzocf)

ikh(B-?) 9;:,; 9:?,> -97;4,9 ?;9,7 ?;7,; ??,;

ihk (B-?) :3;,> ?44,> 9=14,1 :3>,4 -3>3,3 9;,?

Slfwnr/òx*(J) 9=

Dfetn8 Cocfs fitkcfs otrovs cf sfdtworn Ospne ]lus n Ospne ]rfpnrtkns T7.?

* Sn`pnroturos `xkòs n èkòs cn volkcocn cfs por`ntrfs

Cn òenkro o rndfror f jortnr ketresnjf cfs por`ntrfs cn rno n vflu`n cos nspjkns, fs volfrns cnlns

nstf ckspfstfs eo toinlo o sngukr. Cocfs prfvneknetns co Iosn cn cocfs pocrf cf Ospne ]lus n Ospne ]rfpnrtkns

T7.?.

Soinlo ?7]or`ntrfs vflu`trkjfs n cn rno cn supnrdjkn cfs jf`pfenetns purfs

]or`ntrfs guo Ojntotf cn Ntklo jkcf Ojtkjf

q ?,3=== 9,=79== :,??4==r =,;9== 9,?;>?9 :,371>1

Dfetn8 O]T7?, Iosn cn cocfs pocrf cf Ospne ]lus n Ospne ]rfpnrtkns T7.?

Jf`porof jf` fs rnsultocfs cf skstnò tnrerkf jf` ineznef

O dk` cn jf`poror f prfjnssf cn nxtrof jf` ckdnrnetns sflvnetns oeolkso-sn f skstnò guo, ineznef njkcf ojtkjf. Cf pfetf cn vksto cn u` skstnò cn nxtrof, f sflutf cn ketnrnssn snrko f jkcf ojtkjf, f cklunetn oguo n f sflvnetn f ineznef, prntnecn-sn nxtrokr f sflutf cf cklunetn o portkr co `ksturo jf` f sflvnetn. Fsckogroòs dfro` jfestrucfs o portkr cfs cocfs prnsnetns ef rftnkrf nxpnrk`netol, sngun`-sn fs cocfs n fsckogroòs n` iosn `flor n `sskjo.

Soinlo ?1. Zkstnò guo (?) + jkcf ojtkjf (9) + ineznef o 4=J (Zrnesne nt ol. ?;1=)

Drons @florns, Dosn K Drons @florns, Dosn KK

guo j. Ojtkjf Ineznef guo j. Ojtkjf Ineznef

=,;=?3 =,=;79 =,==?3 =,=?4; =,=3>7 =,;:73

=,1?31 =,?19; =,==9: =,=3? =,?==1 =,1>19

=,7=;9 =,9747 =,=?3? =,=>>> =,?133 =,74=?

=,4::1 =,::33 =,=:?1 =,=7:9 =,93=: =,414>

=,>?7 =,3=;; =,=7:? =,=;91 =,:?4? =,>;??

=,3391 =,3:1: =,??1; =,?:=1 =,:4:1 =,>=>3

=,:1;; =,3>?7 =,?>13 =,?1>4 =,3=94 =,3??1


24/25

9:

Ckogroò Snrerkf guo - j. Ojtkjf - Ineznef o 9=J

x guo

xIn

ezn

ef

xj.O

j

tkjf

=,? =,9 =,: =,3 =,> =,4 =,7 =,1 =,;

=.?

=.9

=.:

=.3

=.>

=

.4

=.7

=.1

=.;

=.;

=.1

=.7

=.4

=.>

=.3

=.:

=.9

=.?

Dkguro ?7Ckogroò tnrerkf gnrocf o portkr cfs cocfs cn nquklirkf lqukcf-lqukcf netrn Ineznef, guo n j.Ojtkjf o 9=J

Ckogroò Snrerkf guo - j. Ojtkjf - Ineznef o 4=J

x guo

xIneznef

x

j.Oj

tkjf

=,? =,9 =,: =,3 =,> =,4 =,7 =,1 =,;

=.?

=.9

=.:

=.3

=.>

=.4

=.7

=.1

=.;

=.;

=.1

=.7

=.4

=.>

=.3

=.:

=.9

=.?

Dkguro ?1Ckogroò tnrerkf gnrocf pnlf sfdtworn Ospne ]lus 7.? gnrocf o 4=J o portkr cfs cocfs cn nquklirkflqukcf-lqukcf netrn Ineznef, guo n j. Ojtkjf o 9=J

Oprnsneto`-sn ojkò cfks ckogroòs poro f skstnò ineznef, guo n jkcf ojtkjf2 u` o 9=J, dnktf o portkrcfOspne]lus:n futrf o 4=J, dnktf o portkr cfs cocfs dfrenjkcfs ef rftnkrf nxpnrk`netol. Efvo`netn sn vnrkdkjo qunf ou`netf co tn`pnroturo ck`keuk o rngkf fecn sn dfrò cuos dosns, okeco qun nssn ndnktf snho pnqunef.

Of oeolksor o iosn cf trkegulf efs ckogroòs vnrkdkjo-sn qun a pfujf odkekcocn qu`kjo netrn ineznef nguo qun n` uò `ksturo ikerko oprnsneto` pfujo sfluiklkcocn, jf`f jfesnquejko o rngkf cf ckogroò n` qunsn dfrò` cuos dosns in` òkfr quoecf jf`poroco of efssf skstnò nxpnrk`netol n os dosns qun sn dfrò enssnsnguecf skstnò oprnsneto` jf`pfskns jf` òkfrns ckdnrneos. O prkfrk kssf snrko u` if` keckjotkvf nsjflaocf ineznef jf`f sflvnetn, pfr` of sn oeolksor o kejlkeof cos rntos vnrkdkjo-sn qun f sflutf, jkcf ojtkjf, tn`òkfr jf`pfskf eo dosn oqufso cf qun eo dosn frgekjo, f qun keckjo qun o odkekcocn cf jkcf òkfr jf` o guocf qun jf` f ineznef. Sol dotf kevkoiklkzo o nxtrof jf` f ineznef jf`f sflvnetn, n keckjo qun jf` f ojntotf cn

ntklo jf`f sflvnetn f jfndkjknetn cn portkf, jf`f cndkekcf eo rnvksf tnrkjo, òkfr n o nxtrof òks ndkjknetn.


25/25

93

Jfejlusf

Fs rnsultocfs nxpnrk`netoks oprnsnetocfs `fstro` qun fs fihntkvfs prfpfstfs pnlf nxpnrk`netf dfroòljoeocfs, fu snho, fitnvn-sn o jurvo ikefcol cf skstnò tnrerkf guo, ojntotf cn ntklo n jkcf ojtkjf, in` jf`fos lkeaos cn oòrrof. ]rfjncnu-sn sn`prn o oelksn cfs cocfs jf`poroecf fs volfrns nxpnrk`netoks jf` fstnrkjfs, n pfr`nefrkzocf os ckdnrneos. Oprnsnetoro`-sn toì` fs por`ntrfs cf `fcnlf ÊK_ÔJ n o

jf`porof jf` f skstnò tnrerkf jfetnecf ineznef.

Eo prtkjo nxpnrk`netol sfirn o jurvo ikefcol sn vnrkdkjo ektkco`netn qun fs rnsultocfs nxpnrk`netoksfitkcfs oprnsneto` uò supnrnstkòf co rngkf antnrfgeno, fecn sn dfrò` cuos dosns, n` rnlof prnckftnrkjo. Fs prkejkpoks nrrfs kcnetkdkjocfs sn cnvn` prfjnck`netf nxpnrk`netol nxnjutocf n o ckdkjulcocn eocntnr`keof nxoto cf pfetf cn vkrogn` cos `nckcos tfòcos

Os lkeaos cn oòrrof nxpnrk`netoks sn nejfetro` cnetrf co rngkf cnlk`ktoco pnlo jurvo ikefcol, f qunkeckjo qun a u` nrrf netrn o prnckf tnrkjo n f rnsultocf fitkcf. ]fr` o kejlkeof cos lkeaos sngun f pocrf colktnroturo nspnrocf, n fs nrrfs ketrfcuzkcfs sn cnvn sfirntucf quolkcocn cfs pfetfs nxpnrk`netoks, jf`f hcksjutkcf oetnrkfr`netn, n o prfpogof cnssns cnsvkfs ef troto`netf cn cocfs, uò vnz qun fs rnsultocfs colkeaos cn oòrrof cnpnecn` coqunlns fitkcfs poro o jurvo ikefcol.

O jf`porof cf skstnò nxpnrk`netol jf` f snguecf skstnò jfetnecf ineznef rnvnlfu qun n` tnr`fscf jfndkjknetn cn portkf n co tnecejko cos lkeaos cn oòrrof f ojntotf cn ntklo u` `nlafr sflvnetn poroprfjnssfs cn nxtrof.

Jf`f sugnstns of cnsnevflvk`netf duturf cf nxpnrk`netf cnstojo`-sn8 (k) o rnvksf cf troto`netf cncocfs iosnocf eo fitnef cfs por`ntrfs cf `fcnlf ÊK_ÔJ, jf`f h cnstojocf nssns por`netrfs prfv` cniosn cn cocfs co lktnroturo fu sfdtworns, n nxpnrk`netol`netn ef tn` suo oplkjof hustkdkjoco2 (kk) sfirnpfr ockdkjulcocn cn vksuolkzor jf` o utklkzof cn olguò nspjkn cn keckjocfr, o dk` cn `nlafror o quolkcocn cfs cocfsnxpnrk`netoks2 (kkk) `nlafror o quolkcocn cfs jf`pfstfs usocfs ef nxpnrk`netf (k.n. purnzo, jfejnetrof, sflufporo tktulof) fs quoks cnvn` snr prnporocfs jf` òkfr otnef o dk` cn prnjfekzor o ifo prtkjo loifrotfrkol n

nvktor qun nrrf kenspnrocfs nstnho` prnsnetns ef nxpnrk`netf2 (kv) rnnxnjutor f prfjnck`netf nxpnrk`netolvorkoecf o tn`pnroturo cf ioeaf, okeco qun cnòecn òkfr tn`pf cn oulo, o dk` cn vnrkdkjor fs ndnktfs cotn`pnroturo sfirn o dfròf cn cuos dosns ckstketos toetf n` tnr`fs tnrkjfs quoetf nxpnrk`netoks.

Yndnrejkos Ikilkfgrdkjos

?.

Zrnesne, H. @.2 Orlt, W., Lkqukc-Lkqukc Nquklkirku` Coto Jfllnjtkfe. CNJAN@O, Jan`kstry Coto Znrkns, Tportns 9 n :, Droebdurt, ?;1=.

9.

Zoeclnr, Z.K.2 Jan`kjol, Ikfjan`kjok, oec Negkennrkeg Sanr`fcyeo`kjs2 Hfae Wklny & Zfes2 3 nckf2joptulf?:

:. Ospne ]lus oec Ospne ]rfpnrtkns ]lusT7.?2 Ospne Snjaeflfgy, Kej (?;;19==1)2OspneSnja

relatório - linhas de amarração & curva binodal - feq eq801 - unicamp - grupo 2

Documents