REMOTE SENSING &

GIS

What is remote sensing?Remote sensing is a technology for sampling electromagnetic radiation to acquire and read non-immediate geospatial data from which to pull info more or less features and objects on this Earths land surface, seas, and air.

The Importance of RS & GIS

Large amounts of data needed, and Remote Sensing can provide it

Reduces manual field work dramatically

Elements of Remote Sensing

Remotely Sensed Data

7

Landsat/Ikonos/Quickbard/Aster

Satellites offer a Global View

What does satellite imagery give you? -Information on land cover, land use, habitats, landscape and infrastructure -multiple engagements by time series-Mapping and monitoring changes and predict future

1969 : Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) established (15August)

Indian Remote Sensing Satelllliite ((IIRS)) – 1A

FIRST OPERATIONAL EO APPLICATION SATELLITE, BUILT IN INDIA, LAUNCH USSRCARRIED 4-BAND MULTISPECTRAL CAMERA (3 NOS), 72M & 36M RESOLUTION

Satellite Launch: March 17, 1988 Baikanur Cosmodrome

Kazakhstan

PSLV-C37

1969 : Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) established (15August)

Payload and other parameters of PSLV-c37

Mass: Total liftoff weight: 320,000 kilograms (710,000 lb) Payload weight: 1,378 kilograms (3,038 lb)

Overall height: 44.4 metres (145.7 ft) Propellant:

Stage 1: Solid HTPB based Stage 2: Liquid UH 25 + N2O4 Stage 3: Solid HTPB based Stage 4: Liquid MMH + MON-3

Altitude: 505 kilometres (314 mi) Maximum velocity: 7,809.52 metres per second

(25,622 ft/s) (recorded at time of Cartosat-2D separation)

Inclination: 97.46° Period: 28 minutes 42 seconds

PSLV-C37

INS-1A DOVE SATELLITES(88)(USA)INS-1B LEMUR SATELLITES (8) (USA)

BGUSAT(ISRAEL)AI-FARABI-1(KAZAKHSTAN)PEASSS(THE NETHERLANDS)DIDO-2(SWITZERLAND)NAYIF-1(UAE)

CARTOSAT-2 SERIES SATELLITE

Cost of PSLV-c37 The total cost of the mission was USD 1.5 Crore

(US$15 million).ISRO claimed that it would recover half the budget of the mission from the foreign countries whose satellites it would launch.

Separation detailsSoon after separation from the launch vehicle, the two solar arrays on board Cartosat-2D satellite were automatically deployed.Afterwards, ISRO's Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network at Bengaluru took over the control of the satellite. The satellite, once brought to its final operational configuration, will begin to provide remote sensing services using its panchromatic (black and white) and multispectral (colour) cameras.The mission lasted for 29 minutes.

Application of Remote Sensing

Image source: www.ldeo.columbia.edu

Image source: www.geospectra.net

Agriculture- Soil sensing- Farm classification - Farm condition assessment - Agriculture estimation

Natural resource ManagementForestry: biodiversity, forest, deforestationWater source managementHabitat analysisEnvironmental assessment

Urbanization & TransportationUrban planningRoads network and transportation planningCity expansionCity boundaries by timeWetland delineation

Advantages of Remote Sensing and GIS Provides a view for the large region Offers Geo-referenced information and digital

information Most of the remote sensors operate in every

season, every day, every time and even in real tough weather

RS Methods in GIS

Passive Sensors: Landsat TM AVHRR Spot MODIS IKONOS Quickbird

Passive Systems: Air Photography (DOs)

Active Sensors: Radar DEMs

Coarser Resolution Satellite Sensors Used

LANDSAT Thematic MapperGood for regional coverage

30m MS resolution15 m panchromatic

resolution

Most Common Use:Land Cover/Land Use

Mapping

MODIS36 spectral bands

Most Common Uses:Cloud/Aerosol Properties

Ocean ColorAtmospheric Water Vapor

Sea/Atmospheric Temperatures

Higher Resolution Satellite Sensors Used

Quickbird2.5 m multispectral

resolution61 cm (~2 ft.) panchromatic

resolution

IKONOS4 m visible/infrared

resolution1 m panchromatic

resolution

MOST COMMON USES FOR HIGH RESOLUTION:Accurate Base Maps

Infrastructure MappingDisaster Assessment (Smaller Scale)

How data is extracted:

Layers such as roads (yellow) and rivers (blue) can be easily seen from air/satellite photos

This information is digitized , separated into layers, and integrated into a GIS

Radar Data: DEMs Active sensors provide the

most thorough, accurate and intricate model of topography

Radar can reach places nearly impossible to survey manually

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Two passes of a radar

satellite are used Any phase difference of

returned echoes yields information about the angle from which the echo was returned

Allows for topographic information to be derived

]cossin[2 yx BB

)(cosHh

h is pixel height and phi is phase difference:

Some Image Processing Software ERDAS Imagine ENVI ILWIS ArcGIS

25

Conclusion and Futures ofRemote Sensing & GIS

User interfaces continue to become more standardized An increased number of RS platforms is leading to more

accurate and more easily acquirable data Geospatial Law & Privacy Issues

becoming more of an issue as resolution increases who has a right to be looking at pictures of one’s home in ½ m

resolution? GIS is becoming more globally accepted Increasing resolutions of RS platforms has lead to increasing

amounts of data can the large amount of data be handled and stored efficiently? can this data be incorporated into a GIS that is not overwhelmingly

large? The current era (and times to come, most likely) continues to

emphasize visualization of information Remote Sensing images are key to this aspect

THANK YOU

PRESENTED BY NACHIAPPAN V