Renewable Energy Developments

in India

MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Government of India

Sustainable Development

A Development is sustainable when

“ the needs of the present are to be met without

compromising the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs”.

Sustainable development is more than just “Environment Conservation”. It is development that is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

“Security of obtaining adequate supply of a traded commodity, be it food or fuel, is generally a problem of the poor people, poor regions or poor nations. The rich with the power to pay the price, find willing suppliers for what they want”

ENERGY SECURITY

THE CHALLENGE

Developing countries are is facing formidable challenges in meetings their energy needs and providing adequate energy of desired quality in a sustainable manner and at reasonable costs.

Energy is ‘prime mover’ of the development process.

There is a direct correlation of energy consumption and economic growth of a society / country.

Economic growth calls for increasing use of energy.

ENERGY FOR DEVELOPMENT

PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY

Country

GDP per capita (US$)

Electricity consumption per capita (kWh)

Liberia 240 87

India 840 789

China 1073 1208

Sweden 33540 15656

UK 23238 6158

USA 31992 13228

World average 5700 2373

Energy is key to development

Use of energy depends on the economy and the sources of energy available in the area.

• Energy access is related to poverty, development, gender disparity, environment, health and also sustainability.

• Over 3 billion people in developing countries today rely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating

• About 1.5 billion people are without electricity.

• Provision of basic energy services to these energy-poor citizens is a challenge world over and particularly in developing countries.

• Energy access is crucial to inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Challenges of Energy Access in Developing Countries

Challenges of Energy Access in Developing Countries

Household Energy The ‘Energy Ladder’

Around 70% of the country’s population still rely on biomass fuels

Around 70% of the country’s population still rely on biomass fuels

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY 2,30,073 MW

(Dec, 2013)

GROSS GENERATION 940 BUs PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION 879 kWh / Annum

(2011-12)

ENERGY SHORTAGE about 4.1 %

(June 2013)

PEAKING SHORTAGE about 4.5 %

INDIAN POWER SCENARIO

Indian Power Sector at a Glance

Total installed capacity : 2,30,073 MW

Thermal1,35,610

Hydro 39, 788

Gas 20,359

Renewable29,536

Nuclear4780

• Renewable contributes 29,536 MW – 12.83%• If we take large hydro under RE – 30%

Renewable Power Potential

S. No.

Resource Estimated Potential(In MW.)

1. Wind Power (as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height)

~ 100,000

2. Solar Energy > 100,000 30-50 MW/ sq.

km.3. Small Hydro Power (up to 25

MW) 20,000

4. Bio-Power: Agro-Residues 17,000Cogeneration - Bagasse 5,000Waste to Energy: - Municipal Solid Waste to Energy - Industrial Waste to Energy

2,6001,280

Total >2,45,880

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Plan wise Renewable Power Growth

Beginning of 10th Plan

1.4.2002

(MW)

Beginning of

11th Plan

1.4.200

7(MW

Achievements

during 11th Plan

2007-2012 (MW)

Cumulative Achievement

s up to

31.3.2012

(MW)

Wind 1,628 7,092 10,260 17,352

Small Hydro

1,434 1,976 1,419 3,395

Bio power

389 1,184 2041 3,225

Solar 2 3 939 941

Total 3,453 10,255 14,660 24,914

Indian Renewable Energy at a Glance

Total Installed capacity 29,536 MW

Renewables constitute about 12.83 % of the total power generation installed capacity in

the country16

Deployment of renewable power during the 11th Plan (2007-2012) has made it the second largest source after conventional power.

A target of 14,000 MW capacity addition was achieved during 2007-2012 (the 11th Plan).

A capacity addition of 30,000 MW is being targeted during the 12th Plan (2012-17)

GRID INTERACTIVE RENEWABLE POWER

3

Renewable Energy Programmes

The Programmes and Schemes of the Ministry are classified in following Five Groups:

Grid Interactive and Distributed Renewable Power

Grid - Interactive

Off-grid power systems

Renewable Energy for Rural applications

Renewable Energy for Urban, Industrial & commercial

applications

Research , Design, & Development in RE

Renewable Energy: Credentials

Harnessed 12% of the estimated potential

5th Position in overall RE Capacity

Installations world-wide

5th largest Wind installed capacity world-wide

2nd largest number of installed Biogas plants

6 million decentralized systems in use Renewable is the second largest source of

power generation after thermal.

Wind PowerPotential : 100,000 MW (as per C-WET estimates at 80 m hub height)

Achievement : 19,993 MW

11th Plan Target/ Achievement: 9,000 MW / 10,260 MW (2007-12)Deployment target 12th Plan : 15,000 MW. (2012-17)Strategy:

GBI scheme reviewed and continued during 12th Plan Wind Resource activities to be substantially increased. Evacuation infrastructure to be developed. Separate RPO for wind. Enforce RPO. Make REC work.

Wind Turbines installed in Chitradurga, Karnataka

Small Hydro Power

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Potential : 20,000 MW Achievement : 3,747 MW

11th Plan Target/ Achievement: 1400 MW / 1419 MW (2007-12)Deployment target 12th Plan : 2100 MW. (2012-17)Strategy:

Private sector participation

Performance based incentivisation for State sector / NE

Small plants to get higher support.

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Bio-Energy Technologies

Biomass Combustion Biomass used in boilers to generate heat/ steam to

drive turbine for generating electricity.

Biomass CogenerationSimultaneous production of heat / steam and electricity

These technologies are fairly well established in the country. Efficiencies of boilers / turbines comparable to best in the world.

Biomass GasificationConversion of woody and non-woody biomass such as

Rice husk, cotton stalks, wood chips etc. to producer gas

Technology successfully developed indigenously.

Biomass Power

26

Potential : 17000 MW Achievement : 1264 MW

11th Plan Target/ Achievement: 500 MW/ 626 MW (2007-12)Deployment target 12th Plan : 500 MW. (2012-17)

Strategy:

Promotion of small capacity biomass projects with biomass linkage and captive plantations.

Bagasse Cogeneration

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Potential : 5000 MW Achievement : 2337 MW

11th Plan Target/ Achievement: 1200 MW/ 1369 MW (2007-12)Deployment target 12th Plan : 1400 MW.

(2012-17)Strategy:

Promotion of BOOT/BOLT model in cooperative sector sugar mills. Promotion of optimum cogeneration potential in small size sugar mills (<2500 TCD).

6 MW BIOMASS POWER PROJECT IN A.P.

Solar Energy and Solar Mission

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Potential : 30-50 MW/ sq. km Achievement : 2,080 MW

Over 1.9 million SPV Systems installed / distributed

2010-13 Target : 1100 MW Achievement 1684 MW

Target for 12th Plan : 4000 MW. (2013-17)Target for 13th Plan : 15000 MW. (2017-22)

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Solar Mission

Targets 20,000 MW grid by 2022 2.000 MW off-grid by 2022 20 million households covered by solar lighting 20 m sq meter of solar thermal

Objectives Achieve grid parity by 2022 Increase domestic manufacturing capacity Develop eco system for solar industry Develop manpower Support R & D

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Type of Solar cell

International Status

Indian StatusProduction (R&D)

Crystalline silicon solar cell(mono/multi)

Production : 17-19%

R&D Lab: 24-25%

Production : 14.5 -17%

R&D Lab: 19.7%

Thin-film solar cella-SiliconCd TeCIGS

6-9% (13%)16.7%19.4%

5 – 8% (9 – 12%) (12%)(13%)

Dye/ organic solar cells

10.4% / 5,15% 9.5% / 3%

R&D Strategy for Solar research in India

R&D in SPV and Solar thermal has been undertaken since late seventies

Renewed Thrust on R&D in JNN Solar Mission

R&D thrust areas are identified to achieve technical

and cost goals

Centers of Excellence created in research, education,

Testing and Characterization

Industry involvement and Consortia approach

promoted including partners from both India & abroad

Technology incubation and Validation

International collaborations

Recent Initiatives in SPV R&D

Development of poly silicon material (Maharishi Solar)

20 -22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells (IIT-Mumbai)

10 – 12% efficiency nano cystalline thin film modules(IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-Delhi, BES University,-Howrah)

12- 15% efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL, IIT Kanpur)

10- 12 % efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita Nano Centre, IIT-Kanpur)

5% efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction cells (IIT-Delhi, Delhi University)

50 MW solar energy project Phalodi, Jodhpur, Rajasthan under JNNSM

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R&D in Solar Thermal Systems

Indigenous development of Solar Water Heating systems and Solar Cookers and full commercialization. Well established manufacturing base.

Second generation technology developed using Selective coating absorbers

Number of modes developed for Solar Box type and concentrating dish cookers.

Scheffler cookers for indoor cooking for large kitchens.

Concentrator technologies for steam generation and industrial process heat applications

1 MW Solar Thermal Power - testing, research & simulation facility being set up at SEC

through IIT Bombay & Industry consortium

Combination of different collector technologies Direct and indirect steam generation to be demonstrated

Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector Parabolic Trough

Solar Dish Concentrator-an indigenous development project- MWS and

SEC

Solar thermal Stirling engines (3 units of 3 kW each) performance evaluation

at SEC jointly with ONGC Energy Research Centre)

CRISP Tower(Collaborative Research Initiative in Solar Power Tower)with Sun Borne Energy

Critical components Receiver Heliostat design Thermal storage Solar power tower controls

Electricity & Cold Storage for Remote Rural Applications (SEC, Thermax, TERI)

•Electricity from biomass gasifier•Cooling from engine exhaust•Solar concentrators during solar hours

IMD and MNRE Network of Ground Measurements of Solar Radiation

Facilities

Solar ManufacturingWorld-class manufacturing companies

Major global companies setting up base due to National Solar Mission

Annual production capacity 750 MW of PV Cells 1250 MW of PV Modules

Mega Capacity Solar Parks under progress

Decentralized RE Systems

Family Type Biogas systems 46.83 Lakh

Solar Water Heating Systems 7.31 million sq. m

Solar Cookers 6.98 Lakh

Villages Electrification 9553

Technical Institutions

Solar Energy Centre

Centre for Wind Energy Technology

Solar Energy Corporation of India

National Institute of Renewable

EnergyAlternate Hydro Energy Centre (A Dept. of IIT Roorkee working in close co-

operation with MNRE on small hydro)

Next Five Year Projections(Installed Capacities in MW )

Source Installed capacity

In March, 2012

Capacity addition

Target for 2012-17

Target installed

capacity in 2017

Wind power17,352

15,00032,500

Small Hydro 3,395

2,1005,500

Biomass Power

1,150

500 1,700

Bagasse Cogeneration

1,985

1,5003,500

Waste to Power

90

700 800

Solar Power

941 10,000 10,900

TOTAL 24,914 29,800 54,900

Contribution of Renewables after 12th Plan ( 2017)

At the end of 12th Plan,

•the total power generation capacity of the country is expected to be 318,800 MW

Renewables are expected to contribute about 17% in this capacity (55,000 MW)

and

Over 9% in the electricity mix

Renewable Energy in 2017

RE capacity is likely to cross 30,000 MW by the end of 2013-14 and 55,000 MW by 2017 (17% of total Capacity)

The current contribution of 6% in electricity mix is likely to go up to 9% in 2017.

Wind power capacity is likely to cross 33,000 MW

Solar power capacity likely to cross 10,000 MW if targets under JNNSM are to be achieved

Renewable Energy in 2017

De-centralised applications of solar, biogas, cook stove would be wide spread.

Energy Access in rural areas is a priority – target 5000 villages

New avenues of setting up micro hydel projects based on

velocity of water on rivers / canals are emerging

Waste to energy would be a viable option

Bio energy based power generation would be an attractive option for village electrification and economic activities

More application of hydrogen / fuel cells would be developed

Thank you