Maya Spriggs

1.Presente –ar, -er, -ir……………………….3

2.Stem Changers……………………………….4

3.Irregulars –go, -zco,-oy………………….5

4.Saber vs. Conocer………………………….6

5.Reflexives………………………………………7

6. „Se‟ impersonal…………………………….8

7. Verbs like Gustar………………………….9

8. –uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir………10

9. Hacer Expressions………………………..11

10. El Imperfecto………………………..12-13

Triggers……………………………….13

11. El Preterito…………………………….14-20

-car, -gar, -zar…………………….15

“Spoc” verbs……………………….16

Cucaracha verbs……………..….17

Snake verbs…………………………18

“Snakeys”……………….19

Triggers................20

12. Comparitives……………………21

13. Superlatives…………………….22

14. Futuro.....................23-25

irregulars………………..24

trigger words………....25

-AR -ER

-IR

-o

-as

-a

-amos

-aís

-an

-o

-es

-e

-emos

-eís

-en

-o

-es

-e

-imos

-eís

-en

Stem changers

e i

u ue

e ie

o ue

Only change in the yo form

-zco (conocer)

-go (tener)

-oy (dar)

Tengo

• Tienes

• Tiene

Tenemos

• Tieneis

• Tienen

Conozco

• Conoces

• Conoce

Conocimos

• Conoceis

• Conocen

Doy

• Das

• Da

Damos

• Dais

• Dan

-Fact

-How to do something

-Often followed by

infinitive

-Know someone

-Familiar with

-often followed by

direct object

To

Know

To make a verb reflexive, add me, te, se,

nos, os, or se before the verb:

Reflexives can hook on to infinitives too…

El tiene que bañarse

Yo -me

Tu - te

usted- se

Nosotros- nos

Vosotros-os

Ustedes-se

When using impersonal „se‟ in front of

verbs…

Verb is in third person

„Se‟ can be used in all

tenses

No specific subject of sentence

Example: English Translation

Se abren a las ocho de la

mañana

They open at 8:00 in the

morning

For verbs like gustar, encantar, or molestar that express

opinion:

Example: Me gusta la escuela. I like school.

When the noun is plural, verbs like gustar also change to

plural form:

(Reflexive pronoun) +Verb + noun

• El taco

• La escuelaGusta

• Los tacos

• Las escuelas

Gustan

-uir -guir

(gu to g before letter „a‟)

-ger/-gir -cer/-cir(g to j before letter „a‟)

-uyo

-uyes

-uye

-imos

-uís

-uyen

-zo

-ces

-ce

-cemos

-céis

-cen

-ja

-jas

-ja

-jamos

-jáis

-jan

-ga

-gas

-ga

-gamos

-gáis

-gan

Hacer is used to express…

And…

Time:

Hace + time +que + Preterite verb (for past action)

Preterite verb + hace +time ( for past action)

Hace +time +que + present tense verb (continuing action)

Present tense verb +hace +time (continuing action)

Hacía + time + que +imperfect (interrupted past action)

Imperfect + hacía + que (interrupted past action)

Weather:

Hace+ Adjective

-ar

-aba

ir iba

ser era

ver veía

-er/-ir

-ía

Irregulars:

Todos los días Siempre

A menudo Con frecuencia

De vez en cuando Habitualmente

Normalmente A veces

Todos las noches Cada día

Cada mañana Por/en la mañana

Por/en la tarde Por/en la noche

Por lo regular Frecuentemente

Generalmente Todos los años

De costumbre

-é

-aste

-ó

-amos

-asteis

-aron

-AR

-í

-iste

-ió

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

-IR/-ER

Verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar change in

the yo form in el preterito.

-car

-gué

-gar

-qué

-zar

-cé

-cir goes to –j + ending (-eron instead of -ieron)

Andar

Estar

Poder

Poner

Querer

Saber

Tener

Venir

Anduve

Estuve

Pude

Puse

Quise

Supe

Tuve

Vine

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-ieron

Stem changes only in the Usted and Ustedes

forms

Example: Dormir (o to u)

Dormí

dormiste

durmió

dormimos

dormisteis

durmieron

Verbs with endings like leer and creer – usted

and ustedes endings change to –yó and –yeron

Leí

Leiste

Leyó

Leimos

Leisteis

Leyeron

Trigger Word English Translation

Anteayer Day before yesterday

Anoche Last night

La semana pasada Last week

El mes pasado Last month

El ano pasado Last year

El fin de semana pasado Last weekend

Ayer Yesterday

Verbs:

Adjectives:

(más/menos/tan)+Adjective+(que/tan)

-é

-ás

-á

-emos

-éis

-án

Decir

Haber

Hacer

Poder

Poner

Querer

Saber

Salir

Tener

Valer

Venir

Dir-

Habr-

Har-

Podr-

Pondr-

Querr-

Sabr-

Saldr-

Tendr-

Valdr-

Vendr-

é

-ás

-á

-emos

-án

Trigger word English Translation

Mañana Tomorrow

La proxima día The next day

Éste Lunes/Martes/etc… This Monday/Tuesday/etc…

La proxima semana Next week

Mañana pasado The day after tomorrow

En __ día In __days

En ___(semanas, años,etc) In __ (weeks, years, etc)

Pretarito vs. Imperfecto……………………………………………………………..28

Futuro vs. Conditional…………………………………………………………………29

Por……………………………………………………………………………………………….30

Para………………………………………………………………………………………………31

Por vs. Para………………………………………………………………………………….32

Commands…………………………………………………………………………………..33

Present Perfect……………………………………………………………………………34

Double Object Pronouns……………………………………………………………..35

Adverbs………………………………………………………………………………………..36

Subjunctive………………………………………………………………………………….37

Se impersonal………………………………………………………………………………38

Progressive with ir, andar, and seguir………………………………………….39

-ar -er-é

-aste

-ó

-amos

-asteis

-aron

-í

-iste

-ió

-imos

-isteis

-ieron

-car

-gué

-gar

-qué

-zar

-cé

Dormí

dormiste

durmió

dormimos

dormisteis

durmieron

Snakes-

Leí

Leiste

Leyó

Leimos

Leisteis

Leyeron

Snakeys

-ar

-aba

-er/-ir

-ía

ser era

ir iba

ver veíaAnduve

Estuve

Pude

Puse

Quise

Supe

Tuve

Vine

-e

-iste

-o

-imos

-ieron

-é

-ás

-á

-emos

-éis

-án

Decir

Haber

Hacer

Poder

Poner

Querer

Saber

Salir

Tener

Valer

Venir

Dir-

Habr-

Har-

Podr-

Pondr-

Querr-

Sabr-

Saldr-

Tendr-

Valdr-

Vendr-

é

-ás

-á

-emos

-án

-ía

-ías

-ía

-íamos

-íais

-ían

Dir-

Habr-

Har-

Podr-

Pondr-

Querr-

Sabr-

Saldr-

Tendr-

Valdr-

Vendr-

-ía

-ías

-ía

-íamos

-íais

-ían

Uses

1 Indicate motion or general location (similar to around, through,

along or by)

2 Duration of an action (similar to for, during, and in)

3 Expresses reason or motive for an action (similar to because of,

on account of, or on behalf of)

4 Object of a search (similar to for, or in search of)

5 Means by which something is done (by, by, way of, by means of)

6 Exchange or substitution (for, in exchange for)

7 Unit of measures (per, by)

Uses

1 Expresses destination (toward, in the direction of)

2 Indicates deadline or specific time in the future( by, for)

3 Purpose or goal + infinitive (in order to)

4 Purpose of a noun (for, used for)

5 Recipient of something (for)

6 Make comparison with others or give an opinion (for, considering)

7 Indicates who someone works for (for)

Uses

1 Indicate motion or general location (similar to

around, through, along or by)

2 Duration of an action (similar to for, during,

and in)

3 Expresses reason or motive for an action

(similar to because of, on account of, or on

behalf of)

4 Object of a search (similar to for, or in search

of)

5 Means by which something is done (by, by,

way of, by means of)

6 Exchange or substitution (for, in exchange for)

7 Unit of measures (per, by)

Uses

1 Expresses destination (toward, in

the direction of)

2 Indicates deadline or specific time

in the future( by, for)

3 Purpose or goal + infinitive (in order

to)

4 Purpose of a noun (for, used for)

5 Recipient of something (for)

6 Make comparison with others or

give an opinion (for, considering)

7 Indicates who someone works for

(for)

Affirmative

Negative

Rule Irregulars

Tú Drop the s Di, haz, ve, pon,

sal, sé, ten, ven

Ud./Uds. Put in yo form and

change to

opposite vowel

Tener, Venir,

dar/decir, ir, ser,

hacer/haber,estar,

saber

Rule Irregulars

Tú Put in to form and

change to

opposite vowel

and add an s

Tener, venir,

dar/decir, ir, ser,

hacer/haber,

estar, saber

Ud./Uds. Put in yo form and

change to

opposite vowel

Tener, Venir,

dar/decir, ir, ser,

hacer/haber,estar,

saber

DOP + IOP +

„se‟ can

attach to an

affirmative

DOP + IOP +

„se‟ must go

before the

negative

command

He

has

ha

hemos

Habéis

han

Present Tense

HaberPast Participle

Infinitive – ending + ado/edo

Irregulars:

Abrir Abierto

Cubrir Cubierto

Decir Dicho

Escribir Escrito

Hacer Hecho

Morir Muerto

Poner Puesto

Resolver Resuelto

Romper Roto

Ver Visto

Vover Vuelto

Ir ido

Whenever both an indirect and direct pronoun are used in a

sentence….

1. Indirect pronoun comes first

(i.e: ellos me los dan)

2. When both pronouns begin with “l”, change the first pronoun to “se”

(i.e: le lo se lo)

3. In a negative sentence, the “no” comes before the first pronoun

(i.e: No se lo tengo)

Irregulars

Bastarte Quiet

Demasiado Too

Mal Badly

Mucho A lot

Muy Very

Nunca Never

Peor Worse

Siempre always

Put in yo and go to opposite vowel

Hablar

Hable Hablemos

Hables Habléis

Hable hablen

Irregular verbs with irregular yo forms have same

irregularity in all forms

Decir

Diga Digamos

Digas Digáis

Diga Digan

-ir stem changers change in all forms

Irregulars:

Dar Dé

Estar Esté

Ir Vaya

Saber Sepa

Ser Seya

Hay haya

When using impersonal „se‟ in front of

verbs…

Verb is in third person

„Se‟ can be used in all

tenses

No specific subject of sentence

Example: English Translation

Se abren a las ocho de la

mañana

They open at 8:00 in the

morning

IrPresent

participle

Is slowly but

surely ___ing

AndarPresent

Participle

Is going around ____ing

SeguirPresent

participleIs still

____ing