representaÇÃo do conhecimento
DESCRIPTION
REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO. Terças – 13 hs – sala 512 RDC. Logic. Definition: The study of propositions and their use in argumentation. Major task: establish a systematic way of deducing the logical consequences of a set of sentences. EnciclopÆdia Britannica. Lógica Matemática. Leibniz - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Terças – 13 hs – sala 512 RDC
![Page 2: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definition: The study of propositions and their use in argumentation.
Major task: establish a systematic way of deducing the logical consequences of a set of sentences.
EnciclopÆdia Britannica.
Logic
![Page 3: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lógica Matemática
Leibniz Reduce reasoning to mathematical
computation
Corpo = substância material = 2x3=6
Humano = 2x3x7x13x19= 10.374
Divide por 6 =>Humano é corpo
Não divide por 66(mineral) => Humano não é mineral
![Page 4: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
T-Box & A-Box
Brachman et al. T-box – term definition A-box – assertion definition lattices
![Page 5: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Álgebra Booleana
0 – false 1 – truth
Conjunction X – and Disjunction + - or Negation – not
![Page 6: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Truth Tables
![Page 7: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Portas Lógicas
![Page 8: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Frege’s Begriffsschrift
![Page 9: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Peirce
Σ – repeated or (logical sum) Π – repeated and (logical product)
![Page 10: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Peano
![Page 11: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Propositional Logic
Every trailer truck has 18 wheels.
![Page 12: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Propositional Logic
Every trailer truck has 18 wheels. => p
![Page 13: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Syllogism
Predicate and Subject
![Page 14: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Predicate Logic
Universal with implication Existential with conjuction
![Page 15: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Logic and Ontology
Harder to read Distracting detail from the variables – used to
link parts of the formula Logic is simple – half a dozen symbols. Level
of detail depends on the predicates that do not belong to logic. They represent an ontology of relevant things in
the domain. Choices represent ontological commitments.
Predicates in an ontology Domain dependent Domain independent
![Page 16: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Varieties of Logic
Syntax Subsets
description logics Proof theory Model theory Ontology
Uninterpreted logic: bunch of symbols, quatifiers, operators
Set theory for Math Metalanguage
![Page 17: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Typed Logic
Notational engineering Avoids extra implications that accompany the universal quantifier
![Page 18: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lambda Calculus
Church notation for defining functions and a method for convertingany given definition into other equivalent definitions
![Page 19: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conceptual Graphs
System of logic Based on
Existential graphs by Peirce Semantic Networks
A cat is on the Mat Every cat is on a mat
![Page 20: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
KIF
Knowledge Interchange Format Version of typed predicate logic –
Genesereth, Fikes et al.
![Page 21: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
KIF
Knowledge Interchange Format Version of typed predicate logic –
Genesereth, Fikes et al.
A cat is on the Mat Every cat is on a mat
![Page 22: REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062315/5681527d550346895dc0a9ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Logic
Vocabulary Domain independent logical symbols Constants: individuals, properties, relations Variables Punctuation
Syntax Semantics Rules of inference