respiratory system

RESPIRATORY RESPIRATORY SYSTEMSYSTEM

BYBYSARAH PAULSARAH PAUL

ARPITHA BABU THYKATTILARPITHA BABU THYKATTILJANVI AMARDEEP JOSEPHJANVI AMARDEEP JOSEPH

What is respiration???What is respiration???

Respiration is the chemical process Respiration is the chemical process whereby energy is released from glucose whereby energy is released from glucose or other simple substances.or other simple substances.

Glucose + Oxygen Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water

Flow of the air from the nose to the Flow of the air from the nose to the alveolusalveolus

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The NoseThe Nose

Provides an airway for Provides an airway for respirationrespiration

Moistens and warms airMoistens and warms air Filters inhaled airFilters inhaled air Resonating chamber for speechResonating chamber for speech Houses olfactory receptorsHouses olfactory receptors


The LarynxThe Larynx

Three functionsThree functions Voice productionVoice production Provides an open airwayProvides an open airway Routes air and food into the Routes air and food into the

proper channelsproper channels Superior opening isSuperior opening is

Closed during swallowingClosed during swallowingOpen during breathingOpen during breathing


The TracheaThe Trachea

Descends into the mediastinumDescends into the mediastinum C-shaped cartilage rings keep C-shaped cartilage rings keep

airway openairway open CarinaCarina

Marks where trachea divides into Marks where trachea divides into two primary bronchitwo primary bronchi

EpitheliumEpithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnarPseudostratified ciliated columnar


The TracheaThe Trachea

Figure 21.7a, b


BronchiBronchi

Bronchial treeBronchial tree Extensively branching respiratory Extensively branching respiratory

passagewayspassageways Primary bronchi (main bronchi)Primary bronchi (main bronchi)

Largest bronchi Largest bronchi

Right main bronchiRight main bronchi Wider and shorter than the leftWider and shorter than the left


BronchiBronchi

Figure 21.8a


Structures of the Respiratory ZoneStructures of the Respiratory Zone

Figure 21.9a


Anatomy of Alveoli and the Anatomy of Alveoli and the Respiratory MembraneRespiratory Membrane

Figure 21.10b


Disorders of Respiratory StructuresDisorders of Respiratory Structures

Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis (CF) – inherited (CF) – inherited disease disease Exocrine gland function is Exocrine gland function is

disrupteddisrupted Respiratory system affected byRespiratory system affected by

Over secretion of viscous mucus Over secretion of viscous mucus

EpistaxisEpistaxis – nosebleed – nosebleed EpiglottitisEpiglottitis – inflammation and – inflammation and

swelling of the epiglottisswelling of the epiglottis


Aging of the Respiratory SystemAging of the Respiratory System

Number of glands in the nasal Number of glands in the nasal mucosa declinesmucosa declines

Nose driesNose dries Produces thickened mucusProduces thickened mucus

Thoracic wall becomes more rigidThoracic wall becomes more rigid Lungs lose elasticityLungs lose elasticity Oxygen levels in the blood may Oxygen levels in the blood may

fallfall

The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Basic functions of the Basic functions of the respiratory systemrespiratory system Supplies body with oxygenSupplies body with oxygen Disposes of carbon dioxideDisposes of carbon dioxide

Structure of The LungsStructure of The Lungs

Lungs are protected by the rib cageLungs are protected by the rib cage

Gaseous exchange take place in lungs Gaseous exchange take place in lungs through diffusion.through diffusion.

Alveolus characteristics which allows the Alveolus characteristics which allows the efficiency of the diffusion :efficiency of the diffusion :

Moist surface

Thin and elastic

Surrounds by network of capillaries

Large surface area

The Breathing MechanismThe Breathing Mechanism

Inhalation : The process of taking air into the lungs

Exhalation : The process of taking out air from the lungs

Comparison between inhalation and Comparison between inhalation and exhalationexhalation

Inhalation Similarities Exhalation

Both involves the intercostals muscles and diaphragm

Inhalation Differences Exhalation

Contracts (flattens)

Diaphragm Relax (dome shape)

Contracts External intercostals muscles

Relax

Relax Internal intercostals muscles

Contract

Inhalation Differences Exhalation

Increases Volume of thoracic cavity Decreases

Decreases Air pressure in thoracic cavity

Increases

Move upward and outward

Ribs Move downward and inward

Drawn into thoracic cavity

Flow of air Expelled from the thoracic cavity

To suck oxygen Function To expel carbon dioxide

Breathing Mechanism Breathing Mechanism DemonstrationDemonstration

Let’s test our mind about this subtopic!Let’s test our mind about this subtopic!

Are you ready????Are you ready????

If yes , click the butterflyIf yes , click the butterfly

If not , click the penguinIf not , click the penguin

Which one of the following is NOT the Which one of the following is NOT the respiratory organ?respiratory organ?

A. A. LungLung

B. B. BronchusBronchus

C. C. KidneyKidney

D. D. AlveolusAlveolus

WELL DONE!!!WELL DONE!!!

SORRY , THAT IS NOT THE SORRY , THAT IS NOT THE ANSWERANSWER

The flow chart above shows the The flow chart above shows the route of air through the body. What route of air through the body. What is components after trachea?is components after trachea?

A. A. BronchiolesBronchioles

B. B. DiaphragmDiaphragm

C. C. Rib cageRib cage

D. D. BronchusBronchus

Nostrils Nasal Cavity Trachea ??

CONGRATULATIONS !!CONGRATULATIONS !!

LET’S TRY AGAIN !LET’S TRY AGAIN !

What are the characteristics of alveolus to What are the characteristics of alveolus to allow the efficient diffusion of air?allow the efficient diffusion of air?I. MoistI. MoistII. Large surface areaII. Large surface areaIII. Thicker wallIII. Thicker wallIV. BigIV. BigA. I onlyA. I onlyB. I and IIB. I and IIC. III and IVC. III and IVD. All above D. All above

YOUR ANSWER IS YOUR ANSWER IS CORRECT!CORRECT!

SORRY, YOUR ANSWER IS NOT THE SORRY, YOUR ANSWER IS NOT THE BEST ANSWER, MY DEAR BEST ANSWER, MY DEAR

What is x?What is x?

A.A. Rib cageRib cage

B.B. LungLung

C.C. DiaphragmDiaphragm

D.D. Intercostals musclesIntercostals muscles

GOOD JOB!GOOD JOB!

TRY AGAIN!TRY AGAIN!

respiratory system

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