The Respiratory System

Common Ailments Common Ailments of the Respiratory of the Respiratory

SystemSystemGrade 5Grade 5

Lourdes School of Lourdes School of MandaluyongMandaluyong

Before anything else…

Let’s review the parts of the respiratory system

The Human Respiratory System

The Lung Model

Diaphragm

Air out

Diaphragm

Air in

Again…

when the diaphragm goes down, the lungs expand, air goes in

[inhale]

Diaphragm

Air in

And again…

when the diaphragm goes up, the lungs are pushed, air goes out

[exhale]

Diaphragm

Air out

Got it?

Does this look familiar?

Common Respiratory Ailments

• Upper respiratory infection- Common cold- Sinusitis

• Influenza • Pneumonia• Bronchitis• Asthma

The Common The Common ColdCold

The Common Cold

The Common Cold

• Some experience multiple times in 1 year

• Rhinoviruses are the most common viral agents

Wait! Rhino, what?

The Common Cold

Rhinovirus

The Common Cold

• Highly contagious

• Spread by - sneezing, - coughing, or - hand contact with the nose, eyes, or face

The Common Cold

• Not caused by - a change in weather, - loss of sleep, - going outside with wet hair, or - fatigue

Now, you know…

The Common Cold-Signs & Symptoms

• May last 2– 4 days

• Sneezing, coughing, malaise may last from 6 – 10 days or possibly up to 3 weeks

The Common Cold-Signs & Symptoms

• headache • nasal congestion• scratchy throat• hoarseness• cough• sore throat

The Common Cold- Treatment & Cure

• No curative treatment

So, what should we do?

The Common Cold- Treatment & Cure

• Fluids• Rest• Cough syrups are also helpful

SinusitisSinusitis

Sinusitis

Sinusitis

• Symptoms may last 10 – 14 days

• Usually caused by bacteria:

-Hemophilus influenzae and -Streptococcus pneumoniae

Sinusitis- Signs & Symptoms

• a ‘feeling of fullness’ and pressure over the involved sinuses

• nasal congestion

Sinusitis- Signs & Symptoms

• sore throat• low grade fever• headache• toothache • cough > 1 week

Sinusitis- Treatment & Cure

• Rest• Fluids• Antibiotics may be appropriate

in certain patients

InfluenzaInfluenza

Influenza (The Flu)

Influenza

• Responsible for over 4 million respiratory illnesses each year

• Attributable for up to 40,000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations annually

Influenza

• Several types including

- Influenza A- Influenza B

Influenza- Signs & Symptoms

• high fever • exhaustion• generalized aches, and • cough

Influenza- Signs & Symptoms

• headache,• nasal congestion, • sneezing, and • sore throat

Influenza- Treatment & Cure

• Analgesics (fever medicine)

• Cough syrups for supportive therapy

PneumoniaPneumonia

Pneumonia

• Most commonly community-acquired

• Bacterial agents are - Streptococcus pneumoniae - Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Pneumonia

Pneumonia

• Lungs get filled with fluid

Pneumonia-Signs & Symptoms

• fever or hypothermia• cough with or without sputum• chest discomfort • sweats

Pneumonia-Treatment & Care• Rest• Fluids• Medicine for cough, fever and

infection• Oxygen (if breathing is very

difficult)

BronchitisBronchitis

Bronchitis• The bronchi is swollen making it

difficult to breath

Bronchitis

Bronchitis

• Similar treatment with pneumonia and other respiratory ailments

AsthmaAsthma

Asthma

Asthma

• Swelling of the airways caused by allergens such as:

and these…

This what happens…

Let’s compare…

No wonder you need this…

The puffer

Asthma-Signs & Symptoms

• wheezing• cough (dry or productive)• chest tightness• difficulty completing

sentences

Let’s revisit…Let’s revisit…

Common Respiratory Ailments

• Upper respiratory infection- Common cold- Sinusitis

• Influenza • Pneumonia• Bronchitis• Asthma

PlenaryPlenarySources:Sources:Tamra N. Fortenberry, MD Department of Ob/GynTamra N. Fortenberry, MD Department of Ob/GynThe University of Tennessee, Memphis, TNThe University of Tennessee, Memphis, TNwww.wikipedia.orgwww.wikipedia.orgWilliams ObstetricsWilliams Obstetrics, 21, 21stst Edition, 2001, Edition, 2001, Washington ManualWashington ManualUp to DateUp to Date, , www.uptodate.comwww.uptodate.com, , Obstetrics and gynecologyObstetrics and gynecology, Ling & Duff, Ling & Duff

The End…