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Results of the 26th Annual“Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of

Humankind”

Report

September 2017

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Contents

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................... 1

I. Facts about the 26th Annual “Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of Humankind” ................................................................................................... 2

II. Summary of Questionnaire Results ........................................................................................ 3

III. Questionnaire Results ............................................................................................................. 4

Awareness of the Crisis Facing Human Survival .................................................................... 4

A. The Environmental Doomsday Clock ......................................................................... 4

B. Environmental Issues to be Taken Into Account ......................................................... 9

IV. Data ................................................................................................................................... 27

V. Questionnaire as Distributed to Respondents ................................................................... 31

Reference: Changes in the Environmental Doomsday Clock ........................................... 33

The Environmental Doomsday Clockthe sense of crisis felt about the continuance of the human race

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Foreword

This report summarizes the results of the 2017 Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of

Humankind, a survey conducted annually by the Asahi Glass Foundation since 1992. As in previous years, the

Asahi Glass Foundation wishes to continue communicating the current thoughts and opinions of environmental

experts around the world on the state of the global environment to as many people as possible.

Thanks to the cooperation of the participants, we received 2,152 responses to the questionnaire this year. (1,822

responses in 2016) We would like to express our gratitude for the opportunity to report once again this year on

an environmental survey covering most regions of the world.

We have taken the familiar category “Environmental Conditions of Concern in Determining the Time on the

Environmental Doomsday Clock,” which had been basically used continuously until the previous fiscal year, and

revamped it for 2017 as “Environmental issues to be taken in account,” a more succinct rendering that maintains

the continuity of the central idea. We have linked these items, starting from Agenda 21, with the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit, by clarifying their

relationship with the items in Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity, (Johan

Rockstrom et al) , in 2011 and with the items in the SDGs this year.

As in the previous fiscal year, we will post comments from respondents in each country on the website of the

Asahi Glass Foundation (http://www.af-info.or.jp/en/questionnaire/result.html). Please refer to the views and

opinions of environmental experts.

At the Foundation, we sincerely hope that we can contribute to the resolution of environmental problems using

this questionnaire to raising environmental interest among as many people as possible, not limited to environ-

mental experts.

Once again, we extend our deepest gratitude to the respondents for taking the time to share their valuable opin-

ions and experience through the survey. In closing, we appeal to readers of this report for advice on how to en-

hance the survey in the coming years.

The Asahi Glass Foundation

September 2017

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I. Facts about the 26th Annual “Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of Humankind”

Response period: Questionnaires were sent out in April 2017 with a return deadline of June 2017.

Questionnaire respondent pool: Environmental experts selected from members of government organizations, academic institutions, NGOs, corporations, and mass media (based on the Asahi Glass Foundation database).

Questionnaires mailed: 29,214

Questionnaires returned: 2,152

Response rate: 7.4%

Region Number of responses Percent of totalOceania 80 3.7United States & Canada 282 13.1Central America, Caribbean countries 47 2.2South America 63 2.9Western Europe 251 11.7Africa 87 4.0Middle East 39 1.8Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union 52 2.4Asia 1251 58.1

Total (Including three area unknown responses) 2152 100.0

GenderMale 1457 67.7Female 688 32.0Others 4 0.2No response 3 0.1Total 2152 100.0

Occupational AffiliationCentral government, Local government 253 11.8University or research institution 632 29.4NGO/NPO 401 18.6Corporation 423 19.7Mass Media 52 2.4Other 384 17.8No response 7 0.3Total 2152 100.0

Table 1. Breakdown of respondents by region, gender, and occupational affiliation:

Unless otherwise noted, the questionnaire calculated as 100% the total number of responses received for questions where respondentswere only asked to choose one item. For questions with multiple selections, the questionnaire calculated the percentages based on thenumber of times a valid response was given.Figures have been rounded to the first or second decimal places.Each question was calculated based on the number of responses to that question and not the number of questionnaires that were returned.

*1

*2*3

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II. Summary of Questionnaire Results

1. Awareness of the Crisis Facing Human Survival —The Environmental Doomsday Clock• The average time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock for all the world was 9:33, an advancement of

2 minutes from last year, and comes to the same most advanced time in the past (2008).• Overall, “Climate change” continued from last year to be the most frequently selected environmental issue

to be taken in account in determining the time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock. This was followed by “Biosphere integrity (Biodiversity),” “Water resources,” “Society, Economy and Environment,” “Bio-chemical flows (Pollution/Contamination),” “Population,” and “Land-system change (Land Use).”

• Overall, when arranging the top-ranked Environmental issues to be taken in account in descending order of severity on the Environmental Doomsday Clock, “Biosphere integrity (Biodiversity),” “Food,” and “Population” had the most advanced time. These were followed by “Climate change,” “Water resources,” then “Lifestyles (Consumption Habits),” and “Society, Economy and Environment.”

• In comparison with 2016, the clock time of Food, in particular has advanced significantly from 8:59 → 9:43.

2. Shifts in the Environmental Doomsday Clock Based on Respondent AgeWe analyzed the shifts in the time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock from 2011 to 2017 as marked by respondents around the world, with a particular focus on the age of the respondents.• Similar to last year, older respondents tended to report more advanced times on the Environmental Dooms-

day Clock.• The time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock for respondents between ages 20s and 30s has been

advancing since 2011, reaching nearly the same levels as their counterparts aged between 40s and 50s.

3. The American political situation viz-a-viz the American Political situation since 2017 presidential inauguration

Overall, 55% of respondents said that the changed American political landscape influenced their decision on the doomsday clock time.A breakdown by region and country shows that the US recorded the highest percentage (80%) of such re-sponses, followed by South Korea (69%), Japan (67%), South America (66%), Australia (65%) and the UK (64%). The regions and countries where respondents were least influenced by the changed American po-litical situation were Africa (33%), India (37%), Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (37%), China (38%), Taiwan (38%), and the Middle East (38%). A breakdown by occupation shows that the percentage of respondents influenced by the changed American political situation was 82% for Mass Media, 63% for local government, 57% for university or research in-stitution, and 57% for NGO/NPO. Respondents working in Corporation were the least influenced by the American political situation (41%).

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III. Questionnaire Results

1-1. Awareness of the Crisis Facing Human Survival - The Environmental Doomsday Clock

“Environmental issues to be taken into account” are shown. Keeping in mind the problems that the environment faces at a global level, please select the three most pressing issues for the country or the region where you reside. Then, please rank them in the order of importance. Lastly, for each item, select a time using hours and minutes between 0:10 to 12:00, to indicate the level of crisis for that issue. For the purposes of calculating results, please select your times in units of 10 minutes.

About the calculation of the time on the Environmental Doomsday ClockThe time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock will be determined by taking the weighted average of the data. The issue ranked in first place will be weighted at 50%, second place at 30%, and third place at 20%.

A-1. The Environmental Doomsday Clock

Fig.1 Concern about Human Survival Prospects

• The average time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock for all respondents was 9:33, an advancement of 2 minutes from last years’ time of 9:31.

'07 → '16 → '17 '07→'17 '16→'17Total 9:31 → 9:31 → 9:33 +2 +2Oceania 10:27 → 10:01 → 10:13 -14 +12United States & Canada 9:40 → 9:58 → 10:08 +28 +10Central America, Caribbean countries → 9:38 → 9:19 -19 -19South America → 9:48 → 9:32 -6 -16Western Europe 9:23 → 9:47 → 9:45 +22 -2Africa 10:02 → 9:09 → 9:12 -50 +3Middle East 9:41 → 10:06 → 9:05 -36 -61Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union 9:20 → 8:51 → 8:47 -33 -4Asia 9:27 9:18 → 9:25 -2 +7

(Red indicates the advancement in time from last year; green indicates a reversal)*Central America, Caribbean countries and South America are comparisons with Latin America

Changes in time from year to yearChanges in average time

by region（mim.）

9:38*

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Fig.2 Regional Times

Eastern Europe &Former Soviet Union

8:47Western Europe9:45

Central AmericaCaribbean countries

9:19

South America9:32

Middle East9:05

United States& Canada10:08

Oceania10:13

Asia

9:25

Africa9:12

■Represents regions/countries where the time advanced from last year■Represents regions/countries where the time retreated from last year

（Total）

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

7:49 8:19 8:47 8:49 9:13 9:04 9:05 9:08 8:56 9:08 9:05 9:15 9:08 9:05 9:17 9:31 9:33 9:22 9:19 9:01 9:23 9:19 9:23 9:27 9:31 9:33

7:00

7:30

8:00

8:30

9:00

9:30

10:00

Total

Fig.3 Changes in the Environmental Doomsday Clock (Overall)

Extremelyconcerned

Since the inception of the survey, ■represents the lowest sense of crisis, while ■represents the highest.

Fairlyconcerned

Tim

e

（Total）

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

7:49 8:19 8:47 8:49 9:13 9:04 9:05 9:08 8:56 9:08 9:05 9:15 9:08 9:05 9:17 9:31 9:33 9:22 9:19 9:01 9:23 9:19 9:23 9:27 9:31 9:33

7:00

7:30

8:00

8:30

9:00

9:30

10:00

Total


Extremelyconcerned

Since the inception of the survey, ■represents the lowest sense of crisis, while ■represents the highest.

Fairlyconcerned

Tim

e


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A-2. Shifts in the Environmental Doomsday Clock Based on Respondent Age ( 2011 - 2017)

• The older the respondents were, the more they tended to report advanced times on the Environmental Doomsday Clock.

A-2-1. Shifts in the Environmental Doomsday Clock by Generation

• For respondents over 60, the Environmental Doomsday Clock time while consistently the most advanced out of all the age groups, has hitherto remained relatively stable between 9:28 and 9:36. However, this year the time jumped 7 minutes to 9:43.

• For respondents of the age group 40s, 50s, the Environmental Doomsday Clock advanced from 8:56 in 2011 to 9:30 one year later, but the times have remained relatively stable since then.

• The Environmental Doomsday Clock time for respondents between the ages of 20s, 30s has been advancing from 2011, when it was 8:34, to 2016. Since 2016, respondents in this age group selected times that reached nearly the same levels as chosen by their counterparts, age group of 40s, 50s.

This year, respondents from South Korea included many students in their 20s. (47 from a total of 192)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Average Time 9:01 9:23 9:19 9:23 9:27 9:31 9:33

Over 60 9:28 9:35 9:30 9:35 9:33 9:36 9:4340s, 50s 8:56 9:30 9:25 9:16 9:30 9:28 9:2920s, 30s 8:34 9:05 9:01 9:25 9:17 9:30 9:32

Fig.4 Shifts in the Environmental Doomsday Clock by Generation

7:30

8:00

8:30

9:00

9:30

10:00

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Over 60

40s, 50s

20s, 30s

Tim

e

Fig.4 Shifts in the Environmental Doomsday Clock by Generationin

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A-3 Changes in the Average the Environmental Doomsday Clock Time in the Four Quadrants (2003 – 2017)

• Following the changes in each quadrant of the Environmental Doomsday Clock shows that the changes in the “Extremely Concerned,” “Fairly Concerned,” and ”Slightly Concerned” quadrants have been stable. On the other hand, the “Barely Concerned” quadrant has showed a large retreat from 2011 to 2012, of 1 hour 4 minutes. Conversely, the quadrant recorded an extremely accelerated advancement of 1 hour 32 minutes from 2012 to 2013.

• The selection rate of the “Barely Concerned” category among all respondents remained between 1.3% to 3.0% until 2011, whereas the percentages varied from 0.2% to 1.3% after 2012. Because the small number of respondents does not offer a stable statistic data, we believe that the changes in the time are greater in this quadrant compared to the other three.

• In 2017, 69% of respondents selected “Extremely Concerned,” 26% selected “Fairly Concerned,” 3.2% selected “Slightly Concerned,” 0.6% selected “Barely Concerned,” and 1.4% selected “No answer or Unknown”.

2:352:08

1:481:29

2:06 2:00 2:01 2:041:48

0:44

2:161:41 1:48 1:48 1:44

5:025:17

4:525:07 5:12 5:11 5:00 4:54

5:09 5:01 5:01 5:01 4:55 4:55 4:56

8:07 8:06 8:12 8:18 8:21 8:11 8:11 8:09 8:03 8:06 8:08 8:07 8:05 8:07 8:05

10:33 10:30 10:29 10:24 10:24 10:33 10:30 10:34 10:3210:14 10:13 10:16 10:18 10:21 10:24

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Barely Concerned Slightly Concerned Fairly Concerned Extremely Concerned

Tim

e

Fig.5 Changes in the Average the Environmental Doomsday Clock Time in the Four QuadrantsFig.5 Changes in the Average the Environmental Doomsday Clock Time in the Four Quadrants

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1-2. Did the American political situation since the presidential inauguration affect your decision on the time of the Environmental doomsday clock?

＊ Breakdown by country of respondents who said the changed American political landscape influenced their decision on the Environmental Doomsday Clock time.

• Overall, 55% of respondents said that the changed American political situation influenced their decision on the Environ-mental Doomsday clock time.

• A breakdown by region and country shows that the US recorded the highest percentage (80%) of such responses, fol-lowed by South Korea (69%), Japan (67%), South America (66%), Australia (65%) and the UK (64%). The regions and countries where respondents were least influenced by the changed American political situation were Africa (33%), India (37%), Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union (37%), China (38%), Taiwan (38%), and the Middle East (38%).

＊�Breakdown by occupation of respondents who said the changed American political situation influenced their decision on the Environmental Doomsday Clock time.

• The breakdown by occupation shows that the percentage of respondents influenced by the American political situation was 82% for journalism, 63% for local government, 57% for university or research institution, and 57% for NGO/NPO. Respondents working in business were the least influenced by the American political situation (41%).

Fig.6

Total (2142)

Oceania (80)

Australia (54)

Oceania(※) (26)

United Stated ＆ Canada (280)

USA (233)

Canada (47)

Central America, Carribean countries (45)

South America (62)

Western Europe (250)

UK (67)

Western Europe (except UK) (183)

Africa (87)

Middle East (39)

Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union (52)

Asia (1247)

India (65)

China (388)

Taiwan (96)

Republic of Korea (191)

Japan (398)

Asia(※) (109)

Asia※＝ Except India, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan)Oceania※＝ Except Australia

55

6165

5476

80

5740

66

5964

5733

38

3752

373838

6967

45

45

3935

462420

4360

34

4136

4367

62

6348

636263

3133

55

0 20 40 60 80 100affected not affected (%)Fig.6

Fig.7

全体 (2142)

Central government (136)

Local government (115)

University or research institution (629)

NGO/NPO (400)

Corporation (422)

Mass Media (51)

Others and unknown (389)

55

49

63

57

57

41

82

62

45

51

37

43

44

59

18

38

affected not affected (%)Fig.7

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B. Environmental issues to be taken into account

No. Category Examples of Observable Changes in the Country or the Region in which You Reside

Planetary Boundaries (PB) Category by SDGs # (Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs)

1. Climate ChangeGlobal warming; CO2%, ocean acidification; climatic aberrations (droughts, torrential rains and flooding, severe storms, heavy snow, abnormal temperatures, desertification, etc.)

Climate ChangeOcean AcidificationAtmospheric aerosol loadingStratospheric ozone depletion

2.Biosphere Integrity(Biodiversity)

Acceleration of species extinction rate; effects of contamination, climate change, land use

Genetic diversityFunctional diversity

3.Land-System Change(Land Use)

Change in the amount of forest cover remaining at the tropical, temperate and boreal biomes.Change in the amount of cropland

Land-system change

4.Biochemical flows (Pollution/Contamination)

River and ocean pollution: eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus and contamination by chemical substances; atmospheric pollution: particulates suspended in the atmosphere, soot and chemical substances

Chemical Polution

Nitrogen &Phosphorous Cycles

5. Water Resources Diminution of usable fresh water resources (depletion, contamination) Freshwater Use

6. Population Population growth beyond what the Earth can support; aging of the population Related with almost all the PB

7. Food Diminution of food supply from land and oceans Related with almost all the PB

8.Lifestyles(Consumption Habits)

Transformation of lifestyles away from excessive consumption of resources like energy

Related with almost all the PB

9.Society,Economy and Environment

Establishing a Green Economy with environmental economics and accountingEnvironmental awareness at the individual and societal levels, progress of environmental education; poverty, governance; the status of women


Terms in blue are categories listed in Planetary boundaries: Will Steffen, Katherine Richardson, Johan Rockstrom et.al. Science 13 Feb 2015 vol. 347, issue 6223

Table 2.

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No. Category Examples of Observable Changes in the Country or the Region in which You Reside

Planetary Boundaries (PB) Category by SDGs # (Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs)

1. Climate ChangeGlobal warming; CO2%, ocean acidification; climatic aberrations (droughts, torrential rains and flooding, severe storms, heavy snow, abnormal temperatures, desertification, etc.)

Climate ChangeOcean AcidificationAtmospheric aerosol loadingStratospheric ozone depletion

2.Biosphere Integrity(Biodiversity)

Acceleration of species extinction rate; effects of contamination, climate change, land use

Genetic diversityFunctional diversity

3.Land-System Change(Land Use)

Change in the amount of forest cover remaining at the tropical, temperate and boreal biomes.Change in the amount of cropland

Land-system change

4.Biochemical flows (Pollution/Contamination)

River and ocean pollution: eutrophication caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus and contamination by chemical substances; atmospheric pollution: particulates suspended in the atmosphere, soot and chemical substances

Chemical Polution

Nitrogen &Phosphorous Cycles

5. Water Resources Diminution of usable fresh water resources (depletion, contamination) Freshwater Use

6. Population Population growth beyond what the Earth can support; aging of the population Related with almost all the PB

7. Food Diminution of food supply from land and oceans Related with almost all the PB

8.Lifestyles(Consumption Habits)

Transformation of lifestyles away from excessive consumption of resources like energy


9.Society,Economy and Environment

Establishing a Green Economy with environmental economics and accountingEnvironmental awareness at the individual and societal levels, progress of environmental education; poverty, governance; the status of women


Terms in blue are categories listed in Planetary boundaries: Will Steffen, Katherine Richardson, Johan Rockstrom et.al. Science 13 Feb 2015 vol. 347, issue 6223

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B-1. Overall Analysis of the Environmental Issues to Be Taken Into Account

• Arranging the Environmental issues to be taken in account in order of the selection rate showed that overall, ”Climate change” continued from last year to be the most frequently selected issue, at 29%. This was followed by “Biosphere integ-rity (Biodiversity)” (12%), “Water resources” (11%), “Society, Economy and Environment” (10%), “Biochemical flows (Pollution/Contamination)” (9%), “Population” (9%) and “Land-System Change (Land Use)” (8%).

• “Biosphere integrity (Biodiversity)” 9:44,“Food” 9:43, and “Population” 9:40, had the most advanced time. These were followed by “Climate change” 9:35, “Water resources” 9:32, then “Lifestyles (Consumption Habits)” 9:28, and “Society, Economy and Environment” 9:27.

• In comparison with 2016, the clock time of Food, in particular, advanced significantly from 8:59 → 9:43.

※ �Category Items of “Warming measures” “Environment and economy” “Environment and society” were deleted from the 2017 category list, and “Society, Economy and Environment” is added newly.

Selection Percentage

Weig

hte

d A

vera

ge E

nvi

ronm

enta

l D

oom

sday

Clo

ck

Tim

e b

y C

atego

ry

9:35, 29%

9:44, 12%

9:20, 8%

9:25, 9%

9:32, 11%

9:40, 9%

9:43, 5%

9:28, 7%9:27, 10%

9:33

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 1-1. Overall (2017)

Climate Change

Biosphere Integrity(Biodiversity)

Land-SystemChange(Land Use)

Water Resourcesoverallaverage

9:33

Population

Food

LifestylesSociety, Economy and Environment

Biochemical flows(Pollution/Contamination)

Graph 1-1. Overall (2017)

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Weig

hte

d A

vera

ge E

nvi

ronm

enta

l D

oom

sday

Clo

ck

Tim

e b

y C

atego

ry

9:30, 27%

9:37, 12%

9:25, 9%

9:37, 11%

9:21, 10%

9:36, 7%

8:59, 4%

9:17, 4%9:18, 4%

9:23, 6%9:23, 4%

9:31

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Graph 1-2. Reference (2016)

overallaverage

9:31

Population

Climate Change

Biodiversity

Land Use

Water Resources

Environmentand

Economy

Environmentand Society

Global WarmingMeasures

Lifestyles

Food

Pollution /Contamination



Weig

hte

d A

vera

ge E

nvi

ronm

enta

l D

oom

sday

Clo

ck

Tim

e b

y C

atego

ry

9:26, 25%

9:36, 11%

9:24, 9%

9:30, 12%

9:22, 11%

9:36, 7%

9:13, 3%

9:29, 5%

9:13, 4%

9:29, 7%

9:04, 4%

9:27

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30


overallaverage

9:27

Population

Climate Change

Biodiversity

Land Use

Water Resources

Environmentand Economy

Environment and Society

Global Warming Measures

Lifestyles

Food

Pollution /Contamination


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B-2. Distribution of the Environmental Conditions of Concern (2012 - 2017)

※ �Category Items of “Warming measures” “Environment and economy” “Environment and society” were deleted from the 2017 category list, and “Society, Economy and Environment” is added newly.

※Items of "Warming measures" "Environment and economy" "Environment and society" were deleted from 2017, and "Society, Economy and Environment" is added newly.

Climate Change Biosphere Integrity (Biodiversity) Land-System Change (Land Use)

Biochemical flows (Pollution /Contamination) Water Resources Population

Food Lifestyles (Consumption Habits) Society, Economy and Environment

Climate Change

Biosphere Integrity (Biodiversity)

Land-System Change(Land Use)

Biochemical flows (Pollution /Contamination)

Water Resources

Population

Food

Lifestyles

Society, Economy and Environment

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cumultive Response Rate (%)

Envi

ronm

enta

lDoo

msd

ay C

lock

Wei

ghte

d Av

erag

e

Graph 1-4.Graph 1-4.

※Items of "Warming measures" "Environment and economy" "Environment and society" were deleted from 2017, and "Society, Economy and Environment" is added newly.

Climate Change Biosphere Integrity (Biodiversity) Land-System Change (Land Use)

Biochemical flows (Pollution /Contamination) Water Resources Population

Food Lifestyles (Consumption Habits) Society, Economy and Environment

Climate Change

Biosphere Integrity (Biodiversity)


Biochemical flows (Pollution /Contamination)

Water Resources

Population

Food

Lifestyles


8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cumultive Response Rate (%)

Envi

ronm

enta

lDoo

msd

ay C

lock

Wei

ghte

d Av

erag

e

Graph 1-4.

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B-3. Selection Patterns for Environmental Issues To Be Taken In Account By Region

• Overall, “Climate change” was the most frequently selected issue at 29%. This was followed by “Biosphere integrity (Bio-diversity)” (12%), “Water resources” (11%), “Society, Economy and Environment” (10%),“Biochemical flows(Pollution/Contamination)” (9%), “Population” (9%) and “Land-system change (Land Use)” (8%).

• While ”Climate change” was the most frequently selected issue in a large majority of regions, respondents in Middle East most frequently cited “Water resources” that was also selected as the second most frequently issue in China, India, Africa, Central America & Caribbean countries and Asian countries.

Table 3. 1.Climate Change

2.Biosphere

Integrity

(Biodiversity)

3.Land-SystemChange

(LandUse)

4.Biochemicalflows

(Pollution/Contamination)

5. WaterResource

s

6.Population

7. Food 8.Lifestyles

(Consumption

Habits)

9.Society,

Economyand

Environment

Total 29% 12% 8% 9% 11% 9% 5% 7% 10%

Oceania 33% 18% 11% 4% 9% 10% 1% 7% 8%Oceania (Except Australia) 33% 16% 17% 7% 11% 6% 2% 4% 5%

Australia 33% 19% 8% 3% 8% 12% 0% 8% 10%USA.& Canada 34% 15% 8% 5% 10% 10% 2% 8% 8%

Canada 37% 20% 9% 3% 10% 5% 1% 9% 7%USA 34% 14% 8% 5% 10% 11% 2% 8% 8%

Central America,Carribean countries

27% 15% 11% 5% 16% 4% 2% 10% 10%

South America 25% 12% 19% 3% 16% 6% 2% 3% 11%

Western Europe 27% 18% 8% 5% 6% 10% 2% 13% 10%

UK 28% 17% 7% 5% 3% 11% 3% 15% 10%Western Europe(except UK)

26% 19% 9% 5% 7% 10% 2% 12% 11%

Africa 30% 11% 13% 1% 18% 11% 4% 3% 8%

Middle East 16% 11% 13% 1% 28% 9% 3% 6% 11%

Eastern Europe & formerSoviet Union

25% 14% 17% 7% 14% 3% 1% 5% 13%

Asia 28% 9% 6% 13% 12% 9% 7% 6% 11%

Japan 35% 11% 4% 7% 6% 8% 7% 7% 15%

India 21% 10% 14% 5% 18% 14% 2% 4% 9%

China 20% 6% 4% 16% 18% 10% 13% 5% 9%

Taiwan 33% 7% 6% 23% 13% 4% 2% 5% 7%

Korea 33% 8% 5% 22% 5% 8% 3% 8% 9%

Asian* 28% 13% 14% 5% 16% 11% 2% 3% 8%

■ Represents the most frequently selected item in the region/country, ■ represents the second most frequently selected item in the region/country

*With the exception of India, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan

Table 3.

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 17 2017/08/23 10:43

15

B-4. Regional Distribution of the Environmental Doomsday Clock Time for Environmental Issues to be Taken Into Account

• Overall, “Biosphere integrity (Biodiversity)” 9:44, “Food” 9:43, and “Population” 9:40, were the issues with the highest sense of crisis. These were followed by “Climate change” 9:35, “Water resources” 9:32, and “Lifestyles (Consumption Habits)” 9:28. All categories exceeded 9:20.

• While “Climate change” was the most frequently cited issues to be taken account, its time on the Environmental Doomsday Clock was the fourth most advanced, at 9:35.

Table 5. Regions and Countries Expressing a High Degree of Crisis

Environmental issues to be taken inaccount

Regions Indicating the Environmental Doomsday Clock Time Past 10 O’clock

1. Climate change Australia, Canada, USA, UK, China,

2. Biosphere integrity (Biodiversity) Oceania, Australia, Canada, USA, China, Asian*

3. Land-system change (Land Use) Australia

4. Biochemical flows (Pollution/Contamination) Oceania(ex. Australia), China, Asian*

5. Water resources Australia, China

6. Population Oceania, Australia, USA, Central America, Carribean countries, UK

7. Food USA, UK, Middle East, China, Asian*

8. Lifestyles (Consumption Habits) Australia, Canada

9. Society, Economy and Environment Canada, USA, South America, India

Table 4. Total 1.Climate Change

2.Biosphere

Integrity

(Biodiversity)

3.Land-SystemChange

(LandUse)

4.Biochemical

flows(Pollution/Contaminati

on)

5.WaterResource

s

6.Population

7.Food 8.Lifestyles

(Consumption

Habits)

9.Society,

Economyand

Environment

Total 9:33 9:35 9:44 9:20 9:25 9:32 9:40 9:43 9:28 9:27

Oceania 10:13 10:13 10:25 9:45 10:30 9:54 10:31 - 9:51 9:29

Oceania (Except Australia) 10:02 9:34 10:41 9:45 10:45 9:57 - - - 7:21

Australia 10:18 10:27 10:20 10:21 - 10:03 10:34 - 10:07 9:57

USA.& Canada 10:08 10:14 10:23 9:21 9:56 9:45 10:15 9:53 9:53 10:11

Canada 10:01 10:13 10:02 9:10 - 9:01 - - 10:06 10:03

USA 10:09 10:15 10:29 9:24 9:56 9:53 10:11 10:07 9:50 10:12

Central America,Carribean countries

9:19 9:06 9:10 9:20 5:49 9:45 10:35 - 9:40 9:40

South America 9:32 9:19 9:08 9:37 - 9:27 9:51 - 9:44 10:06

Western Europe 9:45 9:59 9:49 9:35 8:30 9:30 9:57 9:35 9:30 9:42

UK 9:59 10:18 9:54 9:13 9:11 - 10:14 10:16 9:55 9:41

Western Europe(except UK)

9:40 9:52 9:46 9:37 8:07 9:30 9:56 9:16 9:19 9:42

Africa 9:12 8:55 9:10 9:42 - 8:48 9:02 - 9:58 9:17

Middle East 9:05 8:35 8:57 8:50 - 9:09 9:28 10:08 - 8:34

Eastern Europe & formerSoviet Union

8:47 9:07 8:59 8:39 8:13 7:08 8:05 - 9:27 8:27

Asia 9:25 9:25 9:36 9:06 9:25 9:37 9:22 9:47 9:16 9:16

Japan 9:11 9:22 9:32 9:02 8:56 8:43 9:08 8:56 9:00 9:04

India 9:13 9:22 8:06 9:04 8:51 9:10 9:28 - 9:46 10:19

China 10:07 10:14 10:14 8:45 10:13 10:09 9:42 10:12 9:40 9:59

Taiwan 7:59 7:47 8:20 8:13 7:49 8:43 7:16 - 8:15 7:02

Korea 9:09 8:57 9:29 9:20 9:16 9:29 8:58 9:07 9:27 8:40

Asian* 9:41 9:48 10:09 9:30 10:20 9:41 9:55 10:17 9:15 9:29

■ indicates the 10 o'clock hour, □ Indicates the 9 o'clock hour,　■ indicates the 8 o'clock hour , and ■ the 7,6 o'clock hour*With the exception of India, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan

Table 4.

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10:13, 33%

10:25, 18%

9:45, 11%

10:30, 4%

9:54, 9%

10:31, 10%

9:51, 7%

9:29, 8%

10:13

9:33

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

10:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Graph 2-1. Oceania

Climate Change




WaterResources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage10:13

Population

Lifestyles


Graph 2-1. Oceania


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10:27, 33%

10:20, 19%10:21, 8%

10:03, 8%

10:34, 12%

10:07, 8%

9:57, 10%

10:18

9:33

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

10:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Graph 2-2. Australia

Climate Change

Biosphere Integrity(Biodiversity)Land-System Change(Land Use)

WaterResources

overallaverage

9:33


Population

Lifestyles

Society, Economyand Environment

Graph 2-2. Australia

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 19 2017/08/23 10:43

17累積支持率（％）

加重平均危機時刻

気候変動

9:14, 15%

生物多様性

8:46, 4%

土地利用

9:27, 5%

環境汚染

9:53, 29%

水資源

9:32, 14%

人口

9:12, 5%食糧

9:13, 6%

ﾗｲﾌｽﾀｲﾙ

9:00, 4%温暖化対策

9:00, 5%

環境と経済

9:32, 9%

環境と社会

9:33, 3% 地域平均

9:29

世界平均

9:27

8:00

8:10

8:20

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

中国


Weig

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9:34, 33%

10:41, 16%

9:45, 17%

10:45, 7%

9:57, 11%

7:21, 5%

10:02

9:33

6:50

7:10

7:30

7:50

8:10

8:30

8:50

9:10

9:30

9:50

10:10

10:30

10:50

11:10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Graph 2-3. Oceania (Except Australia)

Climate Change



Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33




Graph 2-3. Oceania (Except Australia)


Weig

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Clo

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10:14, 34%

10:23, 15%

9:21, 8%

9:56, 5%

9:45, 10%

10:15, 10%

9:53, 2%9:53, 8%

10:11, 8%10:08

9:33

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Graph 3-1. United States & Canada

Climate Change




Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33


Population

Lifestyles


Food

Graph 3-1. United States & Canada

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 20 2017/08/23 10:43

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e b

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atego

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10:15, 34%

10:29, 14%

9:24, 8%

9:56, 5%9:53, 10%

10:11, 11%

10:07, 2%

9:50, 8%

10:12, 8%10:09

9:33

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

10:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Graph 3-3. USA

Climate Change




Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33


Population

Lifestyles


Food

Graph 3-3. USA


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10:13, 37%

10:02, 20%

9:10, 9%

9:01, 10%

10:06, 9%10:03, 7%

10:01

9:33

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Graph 3-2. Canada

Climate Change



Lifestyles

Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33



Graph 3-2. Canada

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 21 2017/08/23 10:43

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9:19, 25%

9:08, 12%

9:37, 19%

9:27, 16%

9:51, 6%

9:44, 3%

10:06, 11%

9:329:33

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Graph 5. South America

Climate Change



Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33regionalaverage

9:32

Population


Lifestyles

Graph 5. South America


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9:06, 27%

9:10, 15%

9:20, 11%

5:49, 5%

9:45, 16%

10:35, 4%

9:40, 10%9:40, 10%

9:199:33

5:20

5:50

6:20

6:50

7:20

7:50

8:20

8:50

9:20

9:50

10:20

10:50

11:20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 4. Central America, Caribbean countries

Climate Change




Water Resources overallaverage

9:33regionalaverage

9:19

Population

LifestylesSociety, Economy and Environment

Graph 4. Central America, Caribbean countries

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 22 2017/08/23 10:43

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10:18, 28%

9:54, 17%

9:13, 7%9:11, 5%

10:14, 11%10:16, 3%

9:55, 15%

9:41, 10%

9:59

9:33

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

10:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 6-2. UK

Climate Change


Land-System Change(Land Use)Biochemical flows


overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:59

Population

Lifestyles


Food

Graph 6-2. UK


Weig

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9:59, 27%

9:49, 18%

9:35, 8%

8:30, 5%

9:30, 6%

9:57, 10%

9:35, 2%

9:30, 13%

9:42, 10%

9:45

9:33

8:20

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Graph 6-1. Western Europe

Climate ChangeBiosphere Integrity

(Biodiversity)



WaterResources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:45

Population

Lifestyles

Society, Economy andEnvironmentFood

Graph 6-1. Western Europe

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atego

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8:55, 30%

9:10, 11%

9:42, 13%

8:48, 18%

9:02, 11%

9:58, 3%

9:17, 8%

9:12

9:33

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 7. Africa

Climate Change



overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:12

Lifestyles


WaterResources

Population

Graph 7. Africa


Weig

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d A

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l D

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Clo

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e b

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atego

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9:52, 26%

9:46, 19%9:37, 9%

8:07, 5%

9:30, 7%

9:56, 10%

9:16, 2% 9:19, 12%

9:42, 11%9:40

9:33

8:00

8:10

8:20

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Graph 6-3. Western Europe (Except UK)

Climate ChangeBiosphere Integrity

(Biodiversity)Land-System Change(Land Use)


overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:40

Population

Lifestyles


Food

Water Resources

Graph 6-3. Western Europe (Except UK)

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 24 2017/08/23 10:43

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e b

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atego

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9:07, 25%

8:59, 14%

8:39, 17%

8:13, 7%

7:08, 14%

8:05, 3%

9:27, 5%

8:27, 13%

8:47

9:33

6:50

7:00

7:10

7:20

7:30

7:40

7:50

8:00

8:10

8:20

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Graph 9. Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union

Climate Change




overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage8:47

Lifestyles


Population

Water Resources

Graph 9. Eastern Europe & former Soviet Union


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8:35, 16%

8:57, 11%

8:50, 13%

9:09, 28%

9:28, 9%

10:08, 3%

8:34, 11%

9:05

9:33

8:20

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 8. Middle East

Climate Change



overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage9:05


Water Resources

Population

Food

Graph 8. Middle East

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 25 2017/08/23 10:43

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9:48, 28%

10:09, 13%

9:30, 14%

10:20, 5%

9:41, 16%

9:55, 11%

10:17, 2%

9:15, 3%

9:29, 8%

9:41

9:33

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 10-2. Asian Region (Except India, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan)

Climate Change




Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:41

Population

Lifestyles


Food

Graph 10-2. Asian Region (Except India, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan)


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9:25, 28%

9:36, 9%

9:06, 6%

9:25, 13%

9:37, 12%

9:22, 9%

9:47, 7%

9:16, 6% 9:16, 11%

9:25

9:33

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Graph 10-1. Asia

Climate Change




WaterResources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:25Population

Food

Lifestyles Society, Economy and Environment

Graph 10-1. Asia

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 26 2017/08/23 10:43

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Weig

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d A

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l D

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Clo

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e b

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atego

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10:14, 20%10:14, 6%

8:45, 4%

10:13, 16%

10:09, 18%

9:42, 10%

10:12, 13%

9:40, 5%

9:59, 9%

10:07

9:33

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

9:50

10:00

10:10

10:20

10:30

0 5 10 15 20 25

Graph 10-4. China

ClimateChange


Land-SystemChange(Land Use)


Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33


Population

Food

Lifestyles


Graph 10-4. China


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Clo

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e b

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atego

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9:22, 21%

8:06, 10%

9:04, 14%8:51, 5%

9:10, 18%

9:28, 14%

9:46, 4%

10:19, 9%

9:13

9:33

6:50

7:10

7:30

7:50

8:10

8:30

8:50

9:10

9:30

9:50

10:10

10:30

10:50

11:10

0 5 10 15 20 25

Graph 10-3. India

Climate Change


Land-System Change(Land Use)Biochemical flows


Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:13

Population

Lifestyles


Graph 10-3. India

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 27 2017/08/23 10:43

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Weig

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d A

vera

ge E

nvi

ronm

enta

l D

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sday

Clo

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Tim

e b

y C

atego

ry

8:57, 33%

9:29, 8%

9:20, 5%9:16, 22%

9:29, 5%

8:58, 8%

9:07, 3%

9:27, 8%

8:40, 9%

9:09

9:33

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Graph 10-6. Republic of Korea

Climate Change


Land-System Change(Land Use) Biochemical flows(Pollution/Contamination)

Population

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:09

Population

Lifestyles


Food

Graph 10-6. Republic of Korea


Weig

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d A

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Clo

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atego

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7:47, 33%

8:20, 7%

8:13, 6%

7:49, 23%

8:43, 13%

7:16, 4%

8:15, 5%

7:02, 7%

7:59

9:33

6:40

6:50

7:00

7:10

7:20

7:30

7:40

7:50

8:00

8:10

8:20

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Graph 10-5. Taiwan

Climate Change




Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

7:59

Population

Lifestyles


Graph 10-5. Taiwan

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 28 2017/08/23 10:43

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Weig

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d A

vera

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nvi

ronm

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l D

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sday

Clo

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Tim

e b

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atego

ry

9:22, 35%

9:32, 11%

9:02, 4%

8:56, 7%

8:43, 6%

9:08, 8%

8:56, 7%

9:00, 7%9:04, 15%

9:11

9:33

8:30

8:40

8:50

9:00

9:10

9:20

9:30

9:40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Graph 10-7. Japan

Climate Change


Land-SystemChange

(Land Use)


Water Resources

overallaverage

9:33

regionalaverage

9:11Population

Food

Lifestyles


Graph 10-7. Japan

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 29 2017/08/23 10:43

Results of the 26th Annual“Questionnaire on Environmental Problems and the Survival of Humankind”

REPORT

September 2017Published by the Asahi Glass Foundation

2nd Floor, Science Plaza, 5-3, YonbanchoChiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0081, Japan

Phone +813 5275 0620Fax +813 5275 0871

If you have inquiries regarding this questionnaire,please contact Junichi Shimizu at the Asahi Glass Foundation.

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 42 2017/08/23 10:44

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 43 2017/08/23 10:44

2nd Floor, Science Plaza, 5-3, YonbanchoChiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0081, JapanTel.: +81 3 5275 0620 Fax: +81 3 5275 0871E-Mail: [email protected]: http://www.af-info.or.jp

アンケ報告書(英）_0822.indd 44 2017/08/23 10:44

results of the 26th annual “questionnaire on … · iii. questionnaire results ... ngos,...

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