revegetation design and installation: hitting the right
TRANSCRIPT
Rev
eget
atio
n D
esig
n an
d In
stal
lati
on:
Rev
eget
atio
n D
esig
n an
d In
stal
lati
on:
Hit
ting
the
Rig
ht T
arge
tH
itti
ng t
he R
ight
Tar
get
Oct
ober
20,
200
5O
ctob
er 2
0, 2
005
Cou
gar
Roo
m, W
SU
Coo
pera
tive
Ext
ensi
on F
acili
tyC
ouga
r R
oom
, WS
U C
oope
rati
ve E
xten
sion
Fac
ility
McC
ollu
m P
ark,
Eve
rett
, WA
McC
ollu
m P
ark,
Eve
rett
, WA
Par
tici
pant
Bac
kgro
und
Ass
umpt
ions
•Y
ou h
ave s
olid
know
ledge a
bout
the e
cosyste
ms o
f th
e P
acific
Nort
hw
est
(or
at
least
the o
nes y
our
work
ing w
ith)
•Y
ou h
ave a
solid
gra
sp o
f th
e c
oncepts
and v
ocabula
ry
of
ecosyste
m r
esto
ration
•Y
ou h
ave a
basic
unders
tandin
g o
f re
sto
ration d
esig
n,
insta
llation,
and m
ain
tenance
•Y
ou
un
ders
tan
d t
he d
iffe
ren
ce b
etw
een
try
ing
to
make a
sit
e f
it
yo
ur
go
als
an
d o
bje
cti
ves r
eg
ard
less o
f la
nd
scap
e s
ett
ing
, an
d
ch
oo
sin
g a
sit
e t
hat
has t
he a
pp
rop
riate
lan
dscap
e s
ett
ing
to
meet
yo
ur
go
als
an
d o
bje
cti
ves.
The
Big
Pic
ture
The
Big
Pic
ture
Un
like C
ind
ere
lla’s
slip
per:
fin
d t
he f
oo
t th
at
fits
or
fin
d a
new
pri
nce.
Un
ders
tan
d t
he lan
dscap
e
co
nte
xt
of
the s
ite t
hen
desig
n
wit
hin
th
ose lan
dscap
e p
ara
mete
rs.
Sit
e A
sses
smen
t
Ass
essm
ent
of E
xist
ing
Land
scap
e P
aram
eter
s
•W
ate
r
•A
sp
ect
•S
oils
•V
egeta
tion
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Wa
ter
Sourc
es o
f w
ate
r to
the s
ite
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n
Gro
un
dw
ate
r &
Se
ep
s
Flo
od w
ate
r
Sto
rmw
ate
r
Surf
ace flo
ws
P +
SW
I +
GW
I =
ET
+ S
WO
+ G
WO
+
S
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Wat
ercan g
et to
the s
ite fro
m o
ne o
r severa
l of th
e
tho
se
so
urc
es. Y
ou
ne
ed
to
be
ab
le to
dis
ce
rn in
e
xis
tin
g c
on
ditio
ns w
hic
h s
ou
rce
s a
re r
ele
va
nt,
an
d
the
re
lative
pe
rce
nt
of
ea
ch
so
urc
e (
for
dry
or
aq
ua
tic
site
s).
Fo
r a
qu
atic s
yste
ms t
he
fo
llow
ing
ma
y b
e p
ote
ntia
lly
critica
l d
esig
n p
ara
me
ters
:
wh
ere
do
es t
he
wa
ter
co
me
s f
rom
how
does it gets
to the s
ite
ho
w lo
ng
it is
th
ere
ho
w m
uch
is th
ere
wh
ere
do
es it
go
wh
en
it
lea
ve
s t
he
site
Be
awar
e of
pot
enti
al c
hang
es in
hyd
rope
riod
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Wate
rF
ield
Da
ta C
olle
ctio
n f
or
Exis
tin
g C
on
ditio
ns
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n
Use o
n-s
ite o
r near-
by g
age (
hourly c
alib
ration n
ot
necessary
, but
daily
is);
obta
in a
s m
any y
ears
of
data
as p
ossib
le (
data
should
be
org
aniz
ed a
round w
ate
r-year:
Oct. to O
ct.).
Make s
ure
you m
ake
allo
wance f
or
snow
events
and/o
r ra
in o
n s
now
events
.
Gro
un
dw
ate
r
Use
pie
zo
me
ters
(sh
allo
w g
rou
nd
wa
ter
we
lls)
to d
ete
rmin
e d
ep
th
and d
ura
tion o
f gro
undw
ate
r. F
requency o
f data
colle
ction is
dete
rmin
ed b
y s
oil
conditio
ns,
accura
cy o
f data
necessary
, and
budget. P
iezom
ete
rs c
an b
e u
sed a
t springs to d
ete
rmin
e
gro
undw
ate
r. P
lace p
iezos a
cro
ss the s
uspecte
d h
ydro
logic
gra
die
nt. I
deally
you’ll
have m
ore
than o
ne w
ate
r year
of
baselin
e
data
. D
ata
on d
epth
belo
w the s
urf
ace a
nd d
ura
tion a
re k
ey.
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Wate
rF
ield
Da
ta C
olle
ctio
n f
or
Exis
tin
g C
on
ditio
ns
Flo
od w
ate
r &
Sto
rmw
ate
r
Modele
d c
onditio
ns a
re b
ased o
n e
ngin
eering c
alc
s w
hic
h s
hould
be
ca
libra
ted
with
real
data
(e.g
., m
easure
d p
recip
pattern
s, flood flo
ws
& e
levations, to
pogra
phy, soils
, la
nd-u
se c
over)
. F
or
wetland
calc
ula
tions u
se the ½
of 2-y
ear
sto
rm c
alc
s for
desig
n, not la
rger
sto
rm e
vents
. Q
ualit
ative info
rmation c
an b
e g
ath
ere
d fro
m fie
ld
ob
se
rva
tio
ns.
Su
rfa
ce
Flo
ws
Mo
de
led
co
nd
itio
ns b
ase
d o
n e
ng
ine
erin
g c
alc
s f
or
the
co
ntr
ibu
tin
g
basin
. N
eed info
rmation o
n s
oils
, vegeta
tive c
over,
topogra
phy.
Qualit
ative info
rmation c
an b
e g
ath
ere
d f
rom
fie
ld o
bserv
ations.
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Aspect
Assess t
he t
opogra
phy a
nd
mic
ro-t
opogra
phy o
f th
e s
ite
rela
tive
to
wa
ter
mo
ve
me
nt,
sun/s
hade,
tem
pera
ture
;
Assess the c
onditio
ns o
f adja
cent
pro
pert
y:
are
there
la
rge f
ore
sts
or
build
ings w
hic
h
cast shade/lig
ht/gla
re?
Are
th
ere
so
uth
or
west
facin
g s
lopes? N
ort
h / e
ast
facin
g s
lopes?
Are
as w
ith d
eeper/
shallo
wer
soils
?
Asp
ecti
s the c
onsid
era
tion o
f m
icro
-habitat/m
icro
-clim
ate
cre
ate
d o
n a
site b
y topogra
phy, sun/s
hade, soil
conditio
ns, and
the c
onditio
ns o
f adja
cent la
nds.
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
So
ils
Soils
ne
ed
to
be
asse
sse
d in
exis
tin
g c
on
ditio
ns w
ith
an
eye
to
fu
ture
site
co
nd
itio
ns.
Te
xtu
re: g
rave
l, s
an
d, cla
y, lo
am
, o
rga
nic
s
His
tory
: p
astu
red
, tille
d, d
rain
-tile
d, se
ptic fie
ld
Fill
ed
, g
rad
ed
, co
mp
acte
d, to
xic
s?
Se
ed
so
urc
e fo
r in
va
siv
es?
De
pth
of lo
am
, o
rga
nic
s, su
ita
ble
so
ils
So
il b
orin
gs m
ay b
e n
ece
ssa
ry f
or
so
me
pro
jects
De
pth
to
re
mo
ve
un
su
ita
ble
/ve
g &
ro
ot m
at
Par
ent
Soi
ls
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
So
ils
If fu
ture
co
nd
itio
ns r
eq
uire
gra
din
g th
e s
ite
, th
e s
ub
str
ate
le
ft f
or
ve
ge
tatio
n e
sta
blis
hm
en
t w
ill b
e a
lte
red
•C
an
pa
ren
t so
ils b
e s
tockp
iled
or
sa
lva
ge
d?
•A
re p
are
nt
so
ils a
so
urc
e o
f: s
ee
ds/r
oo
ts f
or
na
tive
s o
r
no
n-n
ative
sp
ecie
s?
•W
ill s
oils
be
co
mp
acte
d b
y h
ea
vy e
qu
ipm
en
t o
r g
rad
ing
?
Co
nsid
era
tio
n fo
r tr
ea
tme
nt o
f g
rad
ed
/co
mp
acte
d s
oils
.
•E
xca
va
tio
n in
to t
ill s
ub
-gra
de
as a
gro
wth
su
bstr
ate
? S
oil
am
en
dm
en
ts?
•C
on
str
uctio
n a
cce
ss: d
rivin
g, sto
ckp
ilin
g m
ate
ria
l, v
eh
icle
m
ove
me
nt
Ear
thw
ork
Cha
nges
Phy
sica
l Soi
l C
hara
cter
isti
cs
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Ve
ge
tati
on
Vegeta
tion in e
xis
ting c
onditio
ns c
an info
rm t
he d
esig
n t
hro
ugh
unders
tandin
g s
oils
and h
ydro
logy,
or
by a
ddre
ssin
g a
sourc
e o
f in
va
siv
es o
r a
pp
rop
ria
te n
ative
vo
lun
tee
rs
Site is d
om
inate
d b
y invasiv
e n
on-n
atives:
futu
re v
egeta
tion g
oals
m
ust re
flect th
e p
resence o
f seed/r
oot ‘c
onta
min
ation’
Site
ha
s N
O in
va
siv
e n
on
-na
tive
s:
ma
inte
na
nce
co
nsid
era
tio
ns m
ay
be m
odifie
d
Site
ha
s a
pp
rop
ria
te e
arly s
ucce
ssio
na
l sp
ecie
s (
e.g
., r
ed
ald
er)
aro
und t
he p
erim
ete
r; s
ave b
udg
et
on s
eedin
g/liv
e p
lants
Site h
as a
sourc
e o
f healthy m
ate
rial fo
r m
akin
g liv
e s
takes/v
iable
w
oo
dy d
eb
ris
Site h
as w
oody n
on-n
atives to b
e r
em
oved: a s
ourc
e for
bru
sh p
iles
and L
WD
(w
ith s
om
e p
recautions:
white p
opla
r, L
om
bard
y p
opla
r)
Co
nsid
er
inva
siv
e s
ee
d s
ou
rce
s f
rom
up
str
ea
m/u
pw
ind
Exi
stin
g La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
Hu
ma
n U
se
s
Dra
in tile
s,
pastu
re,
gra
zin
g,
tilli
ng
Pu
blic
acce
ss:
pa
ssiv
e o
r ‘fo
rma
l’
ed
uca
tio
n
Dis
rup
tio
n,
va
nd
alis
m,
da
ma
ge
Co
nsid
er
his
toric,
on
go
ing
, o
r fu
ture
hu
ma
n
use
s o
f a
site
, u
pstr
ea
m a
rea
s a
nd
ad
jace
nt
site
s in
de
sig
n c
on
sid
era
tio
ns.
Ove
rvie
w o
f La
ndsc
ape
Ove
rvie
w o
f La
ndsc
ape
Par
amet
ers
to A
sses
s in
P
aram
eter
s to
Ass
ess
in
Exi
stin
g C
ondi
tion
sE
xist
ing
Con
diti
ons
Hyd
rope
riod
: Wat
er S
ourc
es
Cha
nges
in H
ydro
peri
od
Asp
ect/
Hum
an H
isto
ry
Veg
etat
ion
Con
diti
ons
Exi
stin
g V
eget
atio
n S
eed
Sou
rces
Adj
acen
t La
nd U
ses
Goa
ls, O
bjec
tive
s an
d P
erfo
rman
ce S
tand
ards
Go
als
an
d O
bje
cti
ve
sG
oals
:w
haty
ou inte
nd t
o a
ccom
plis
h
Exa
mp
le 1
:In
cre
ase n
esting a
nd r
efu
ge h
abitat fo
r sm
all
pa
sse
rin
es a
nd
na
tive
ro
de
nts
Exa
mp
le 2
:C
reate
bre
edin
g h
abitat fo
r P
acific
choru
s fro
gs
Ob
jecti
ves:ho
wyou inte
nd t
o a
chie
ve e
ach g
oal
Exa
mp
le 1
:S
alv
ag
e w
oo
dy d
eb
ris fro
m s
ite
cle
arin
g a
nd
cre
ate
bru
sh p
iles in the b
uffers
and larg
e w
oody d
ebris b
etw
een the
em
erg
ent
and s
hru
b z
ones o
f th
e w
etland.
Exa
mp
le 2
: C
rea
te s
ha
llow
ly in
un
da
ted
ma
rsh
ha
bita
t w
ith
sta
ble
wate
r le
vels
, vegeta
ted w
ith thin
-ste
mm
ed v
egeta
tion.
Go
als
an
d O
bje
cti
ves h
ave t
o r
efl
ect
wh
at
is p
racti
cal an
d r
ealisti
c
for
yo
ur
sit
e,
based
on
yo
ur
sit
e a
ssessm
en
t o
f exis
tin
g
co
nd
itio
ns
.
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
sta
nd
ard
s a
re t
he
qu
an
tifia
ble
(m
ea
su
rab
le)
ele
me
nts
by w
hic
h y
ou
ca
n d
ete
rmin
e if
yo
u’v
e m
et
yo
ur
go
als
. T
he
y a
re m
ea
su
rab
le a
nd
alw
ays lin
ke
d to
a
tim
e-f
ram
e.
Perf
orm
an
ce s
tan
dard
s a
re D
IRE
CT
LY
lin
ked
to
each
an
d e
very
Go
al an
d/o
r O
bje
cti
ve.
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
sta
nd
ard
s
sh
ou
ld b
e d
eve
lop
ed
for
hyd
rop
eri
od
,
ve
ge
tatio
n,
gra
din
g/t
op
og
rap
hy
(po
ten
tia
lly),
wild
life
use
(re
late
d to
fe
atu
res
no
t p
rese
nce
/ab
se
nce
of
evid
en
ce
of
use
),
an
d p
ossib
ly f
un
ctio
ns.
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Exa
mp
le: H
YD
RO
PE
RIO
D
1.
Th
e e
me
rge
nt
zo
ne
s w
ill b
e in
un
da
ted
to
a d
ep
th o
f a
t
lea
st
12
in
ch
es u
ntil M
ay 1
in
ye
ars
of
no
rma
l
pre
cip
ita
tio
n.
NO
TE
:
•P
ert
ain
s o
nly
to
th
e e
me
rge
nt zo
ne
•G
ive
s a
min
imu
m d
ep
th,
no
t m
axim
um
•G
ive
s a
du
ratio
n o
f in
un
da
tio
n s
ea
so
na
lly
•L
inks t
he
pa
ram
ete
r to
‘n
orm
al p
recip
’ ye
ars
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Exa
mp
le: H
YD
RO
PE
RIO
D
2.
Th
e s
hru
b z
on
es w
ill b
e s
atu
rate
d t
o w
ith
in a
t le
ast
12
inch
es o
f th
e s
urf
ace
fro
m J
an
ua
ry u
ntil A
pril 3
0,
in y
ea
rs
of
no
rma
l p
recip
ita
tio
n.
NO
TE
:
•P
ert
ain
s o
nly
to
th
e s
hru
b z
on
e
•G
ive
s a
min
imu
m d
ep
th, o
f sa
tura
tio
n b
ut d
oe
s n
ot
pre
clu
de
in
un
da
tio
n
•G
ive
s a
du
ratio
n o
f sa
tura
tio
n s
ea
so
na
lly
•L
inks t
he
pa
ram
ete
r to
‘n
orm
al p
recip
’ ye
ars
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Exam
ple
: V
EG
ET
AT
ION
3.
Th
e s
hru
b z
on
es w
ill h
ave
a m
inim
um
of
3 n
ative
sp
ecie
s,
no
ne
of w
hic
h w
ill c
on
stitu
te m
ore
th
an
50
% o
f th
e to
tal
nu
mb
er
of sp
ecie
s/p
lot,
by y
ea
r th
ree
. S
hru
bs w
ill b
e
dis
pla
yin
g s
ign
s o
f vig
or
an
d e
sta
blis
hm
en
t th
rou
gh
qu
alit
ative
asse
ssm
en
t. A
pp
rop
ria
te n
ative
vo
lun
tee
rs m
ay
be
co
nsid
ere
d in
th
is ta
lly.
NO
TE
:
•P
rovid
es f
or
bo
th s
pe
cie
s ri
chne
ssand
dive
rsity
•P
rovid
es f
or
ap
pro
pria
te n
ative
vo
lun
tee
r sp
ecie
s
•S
ets
a tim
e-f
ram
e fo
r a
ch
ievin
g th
e p
ara
me
ter
•Id
en
tifie
s th
at p
lan
ts m
ust b
e w
ell
esta
blis
he
d a
nd
vig
oro
us,
tho
ug
h le
ave
s t
ha
t a
sse
ssm
en
t a
s a
qu
alit
ative
me
asu
re
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Exam
ple
: V
EG
ET
AT
ION
4.
Th
e s
ap
ling
zo
ne
will
ha
ve
a m
inim
um
of
4 o
f th
e 6
p
lan
ted
na
tive
sp
ecie
s, b
y y
ea
r five
. S
ap
ling
s w
ill b
e
dis
pla
yin
g s
ign
s o
f vig
or
thro
ug
h q
ua
lita
tive
asse
ssm
en
t.
“Ca
no
py”
clo
su
re w
ill b
e 4
0-5
0%
by e
nd
of
ye
ar
5
gro
win
g s
ea
so
n.
NO
TE
:
•P
rovid
es f
or
sp
ecie
s r
ich
ne
ss a
nd
su
rviv
al
•P
rovid
es f
or
ae
ria
l co
ve
rag
e in
a r
an
ge
•L
inked to tim
e fra
me
•Q
ua
lita
tive
asse
ssm
en
t o
f vig
or
•ID
’s a
‘sa
plin
g’ zo
ne
at ye
ar
5, n
ot ‘fo
rest’
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Exam
ple
: T
OP
OG
RA
PH
Y
5. A
reas o
f P
hala
risd
om
ina
nce
will
be
gra
de
d t
o a
m
inim
um
de
pth
of 2
4 in
ch
es to
re
mo
ve
ro
ot m
ass a
nd
se
ed
so
urc
e in
all
zo
ne
s id
en
tifie
d f
or
em
erg
en
t a
nd
sh
rub
co
mm
un
itie
s.
Gra
din
g w
ill b
e s
ho
wn
on
th
e a
s-
bu
ilts t
o b
e c
om
ple
ted
by N
ov.1
of
the
first
ye
ar
of
co
nstr
uctio
n a
ctivity.
NO
TE
:
•P
rovid
es f
or
de
pth
of
gra
din
g
•P
rovid
es f
or
loca
tio
n o
f g
rad
ing
with
in t
he
site
•P
rovid
es a
tim
e-f
ram
e a
nd
do
cu
me
nta
tio
n o
f co
mp
letio
n
of th
e w
ork
(a
s-b
uilt
dra
win
gs).
Pe
rfo
rma
nc
e S
tan
da
rds
Su
gg
estio
ns
1.
Do
no
t p
rovid
e a
min
imu
m p
erc
en
t p
rese
nce
of
inva
siv
es s
uch
as r
ee
d c
an
ary
gra
ss,
Him
ala
ya
n
bla
ckb
err
y, Ja
pa
ne
se
kn
otw
ee
d if th
e p
re-e
xis
tin
g s
ite
is
‘infe
ste
d’ w
ith
an
y o
f th
ese
sp
ecie
s.
2.
Use
a p
erf
orm
an
ce
sta
nd
ard
re
late
d to
ca
no
py c
losu
re
ove
r a
lo
ng
er
tim
e f
ram
e a
s a
n in
dic
ato
r o
f lo
ng
-te
rm
like
liho
od
of
su
cce
ssfu
lly c
on
tro
llin
g t
ho
se
in
va
siv
es.
3.
Use
a m
ain
ten
an
ce
cycle
as a
pe
rfo
rma
nce
sta
nd
ard
(e
.g.,
mo
win
g b
etw
ee
n s
pa
ce
d r
ow
s th
ree
tim
es
an
nu
ally
) a
s a
me
asu
rab
le m
an
ag
em
en
t sta
nd
ard
.
Mor
ning
Bre
ak?
The
Eco
logy
of
Res
tora
tion
The
Eco
logy
of
Res
tora
tion
Wha
t do
I d
o w
ith
all t
his
info
rmat
ion?
??
Landscape p
ositio
n
Hydro
logy
So
ils
Vegeta
tion
Pla
nt s
ucce
ssio
n
•P
lan
t co
mm
un
itie
s c
an
ch
an
ge
ove
r tim
e
•T
he
y c
an
ch
an
ge
wh
en
en
vir
on
me
nta
l co
nd
itio
ns c
ha
ng
e
(fire
, e
rosio
n, w
ind
sto
rm, flo
od
ing
, lo
gg
ing
, cle
arin
g, e
tc.)
•T
he
y c
an
ch
an
ge
as a
re
su
lt o
f in
tera
ctio
n a
mo
ng
th
e
pla
nts
th
em
se
lve
s,
eith
er
co
mp
etitio
n o
r fa
cili
tatio
n,
(in
cre
asin
g s
ha
de
, d
ecre
asin
g w
ate
r o
r n
utr
ien
ts, se
ed
s
sp
rou
tin
g o
n n
urs
e lo
gs, e
tc.)
•T
he
y c
an
ch
an
ge
as a
re
su
lt o
f p
ressu
re f
rom
an
ima
ls
oth
er
tha
n h
um
an
s
(bro
wse
, tr
am
plin
g,
dig
gin
g,
da
m
bu
ildin
g,
etc
.)
Infl
uenc
es o
n pl
ant
succ
essi
on
Sit
e s
pecif
ic f
acto
rs c
an
filte
r th
e c
ast
of
ch
ara
cte
rs
•P
rese
nce
or
ab
se
nce
of
se
ed
s o
r p
rop
ag
ule
s
•F
avo
rab
le e
nviro
nm
en
t fo
r g
erm
ina
tio
n/in
itia
tio
n a
nd
esta
blis
hm
en
t
•W
ate
r a
va
ilab
ility
(h
yd
rolo
gy, so
il, e
xp
osu
re, e
tc.)
•S
oil
pH
, sa
linity, n
utr
ien
ts, e
tc.
•D
istu
rba
nce
re
gim
e (
fire
, flo
od
, w
ind
, e
tc.)
•H
erb
ivo
ry(f
req
ue
ntly s
ele
ctive
, b
oth
fu
zzy a
nd
bu
gg
y)
Or,
in o
ur t
erm
s
•C
an the p
ropagule
get to
the s
ite? (
PL
AN
TIN
G)
•C
an
it su
rviv
e to
esta
blis
hm
en
t? (
MA
INT
EN
AN
CE
)
•C
an
th
e p
lan
t co
mp
ete
on
ce
it’s e
sta
blis
he
d?
(D
ES
IGN
)
•C
an
th
e p
lan
t co
pe
with
a c
ha
ng
ing
wo
rld
?
(DE
SIG
N a
nd
LU
CK
)
Pla
nt c
omm
unit
ies
Ea
rly s
ucce
ssio
na
l –
“pio
ne
er”
•P
refe
rs full
sun
•G
erm
inate
s/g
row
s in b
are
min
era
l so
il
•C
an u
se larg
e d
oses o
f
nitro
ge
n e
arly in
gro
wth
•F
req
ue
ntly a
nn
ua
ls,
gra
sse
s,
herb
aceous a
nd/o
r nitro
gen
fixin
g
•Lo
w s
pe
cie
s d
ive
rsity
La
te s
ucce
ssio
na
l –
“clim
ax”
•M
ay p
refe
r sh
ad
e,
esp
ecia
lly
wh
en
yo
un
g
•N
ee
ds w
ell-
de
ve
lop
ed
so
ils
with
org
an
ic m
att
er
•N
o a
dapta
tion t
o u
sin
g larg
e
doses o
f nitro
gen a
t any s
tage
of
gro
wth
•T
rees a
nd s
hru
bs
•H
igh
sp
ecie
s d
ive
rsity
Wee
ds a
re p
ione
er s
peci
es!
•M
ove
in
to d
istu
rbe
d s
ite
s
•R
eq
uire
or
are
to
lera
nt o
f fu
ll su
n
•R
eq
uire
or
tole
rate
ba
re m
ine
ral so
ils fo
r
ge
rmin
atio
n/p
rop
ag
atio
n
•S
om
e t
ole
rate
lo
w n
utr
ien
t co
nd
itio
ns
•M
an
y c
an
ta
ke
ad
va
nta
ge
of flu
sh
es o
f n
utr
ien
ts, su
ch
as
aft
er
flo
od
ing
, fire
or
oth
er
dis
turb
an
ce
•V
ery
co
mp
etitive
, fa
st g
row
ing
•M
an
y a
re d
rou
gh
t to
lera
nt
Mat
chin
g si
te c
ondi
tion
s &
pla
nts
Mo
de
rate
Very
lo
wH
igh
Su
ccess r
ate
Clim
ax
Clim
ax
Pio
ne
er
Pla
nt
co
mm
un
ity
Clim
ax
Pio
ne
er
Pio
ne
er
En
viro
nm
en
tal
co
nd
itio
ns
Ve
ry h
igh
Mo
de
rate
Lo
wH
um
an
en
erg
y
inp
ut re
qu
ire
d
Mac
ro, M
eso,
and
Mic
rocl
imat
e
•M
acro
clim
ate
–clim
ate
th
at
exte
nd
s o
ve
r a
re
lative
ly
larg
e a
rea
, d
efin
ed
by f
airly
un
ifo
rm e
nviro
nm
en
tal
co
nd
itio
ns,
de
term
ine
d la
rge
ly b
y a
ir m
asse
s m
od
ifie
d b
y
latitu
de
, e
leva
tio
n,
oce
an
s,
larg
e la
ke
syste
ms,
mo
un
tain
s, se
aso
n o
f ye
ar,
etc
.
•M
eso
clim
ate
–th
e w
ea
the
r o
f a
city, n
eig
hb
orh
oo
d,
va
lley, m
ou
nta
insid
e, e
tc.,
de
term
ine
d b
y lo
ca
l in
flu
en
ce
s
of te
rra
in, la
rge
bo
die
s o
f w
ate
r, la
nd
co
ve
r, w
ind
, clo
ud
co
ve
r, e
tc.
•M
icro
clim
ate
–th
e e
nvir
on
me
nta
l co
nd
itio
ns im
me
dia
tely
su
rro
un
din
g a
pla
nt
or
gro
up
of
pla
nts
, d
ete
rmin
ed
by
sun, exposure
, aspect, r
eflecte
d h
eat, w
ind, etc
.
Asp
ect
•S
lop
e
•S
un
•S
ha
din
g
•D
rain
ag
e
•S
oils
Clim
ate
•M
acro
clim
ate
–w
ha
t w
e h
ave
in
we
ste
rn W
ash
ing
ton
•M
eso
clim
ate
–w
ha
t yo
u h
ave
in
Se
att
le a
s o
pp
ose
d t
o
Sn
oq
ua
lmie
•M
icro
clim
ate
–w
hat you fin
d in the little s
wale
that fa
ces
nort
h a
s o
pposed t
o t
he s
outh
facin
g s
ide o
f th
e m
ound
be
hin
d it
Ref
eren
ce s
ite
next
doo
r
•D
ou
g-f
ir
•O
ce
an
sp
ray
•In
dia
n p
lum
•B
ald
-hip
ro
se
•S
wo
rd f
ern
•R
ed
hu
ckle
be
rry
•S
now
berr
y
Ref
eren
ce s
ite?
Un
log
ge
dsite
•Lo
w s
un
ligh
t
•H
igh
hu
mid
ity
•Lo
w w
ind
•In
tact soil
str
uctu
re
–D
uff a
nd litte
r la
yer
–T
op
so
il
–H
ealthy m
icro
-and m
acro
-
bio
log
ica
l p
op
ula
tio
ns
•G
oo
d w
ate
r h
old
ing
ca
pa
city
•Lo
w e
rosio
n p
ote
ntia
l
= “
clim
ax”
Lo
gg
ed
site
•H
igh
su
nlig
ht
•Lo
w h
um
idity
•H
igh w
ind
•D
istu
rbe
d s
oil
str
uctu
re
–N
o d
uff a
nd litte
r la
yer
–T
op
so
il tr
am
ple
d in
to
su
bso
il o
r re
mo
ve
d
–D
am
ag
ed
so
il b
iota
po
pu
latio
ns
•P
oo
r w
ate
r h
old
ing
ca
pa
city
•H
igh
ero
sio
n p
ote
ntia
l
= p
ion
ee
r
Ref
eren
ce s
ite?
-pl
ants
Dry
so
ils, S
UN
•D
oug-f
ir
•O
ceanspra
y
•S
no
wb
err
y
Dry
so
ils, S
HA
DE
•In
dia
n p
lum
•B
ald
-hip
ro
se
•S
wo
rd fe
rn
•R
ed
hu
ckle
be
rry
Wha
t P
aram
eter
Dri
ves
Res
tora
tion
?
Hydro
logy
Soils
Vegeta
tion
Pro
blem
Wet
Sit
esP
robl
em W
et S
ites
Pro
blem
Are
as: W
et S
ites
Flas
hy H
ydro
peri
od
Results w
hen a
syste
m is d
esig
ned to tem
pora
rily
sto
re larg
e v
olu
mes o
f w
ate
r, let it o
ut ra
pid
ly thro
ugh a
constr
icte
d o
utlet, to ‘d
ry’ or
low
-pool
conditio
n r
eady to r
eceiv
e a
noth
er
larg
e v
olu
me to d
eta
in w
ith the n
ext
sto
rm e
vent. S
torm
wate
r ponds o
r W
L’s
used a
s w
ate
r qualit
y tre
atm
ent
ponds m
ay h
ave this
chara
cte
ristic.
Causes the w
ate
r le
vel in
a s
yste
m to flu
ctu
ate
up a
nd d
ow
n in r
esponse to
a r
ain
-fall
event ra
ther
than just seasonally
. T
he flu
ctu
ating w
ate
r le
vel (t
he
‘tid
y-b
ow
l effect”
) cre
ate
s g
row
th c
onditio
ns a
round the m
arg
ins that fe
w
pla
nts
ca
n e
nd
ure
.
New
ly in
stal
led,
ver
y sh
allo
w m
argi
ns,
low
het
erog
enei
ty
Giv
e co
nsid
erat
ion
to p
lace
men
t of
wild
life
stru
ctur
es a
nd
draw
dow
n in
flu
ctua
ting
sys
tem
s
Sto
rmw
ater
pon
d af
ter
a ra
infa
ll ev
ent
“AA w
ell-d
esig
ned
pond
inte
grat
es in
to it
s su
rrou
ndin
gs.”
Get
ting
Wat
er f
rom
Sto
rmw
ater
Pon
d to
WL
Pro
blem
Are
as: W
et S
ites
Flas
hy H
ydro
peri
od
De
sig
n C
on
sid
era
tio
ns
•E
limin
ate
or
red
uce
th
e c
on
str
icte
d o
utle
t (e
limin
ate
s o
r re
du
ce
s t
he
re
ten
tio
n/d
ete
ntio
n
ca
pa
city o
f th
e s
yste
m).
Bro
ad
un
co
nstr
icte
do
utle
ts r
ed
uce
or
elim
ina
te e
ve
nt-
dri
ve
n w
ate
r le
ve
l flu
ctu
atio
ns.
•C
rea
te m
ore
& s
ma
ller
de
ten
tio
n s
yste
ms
rath
er
tha
n f
ew
er
larg
er
syste
ms;
min
imiz
es t
he
e
ffe
ct,
do
es n
ot
elim
ina
te it.
•C
rea
te s
tee
p-s
ide
d p
on
d m
arg
ins t
o r
ed
uce
th
e
exp
osu
re o
f sh
allo
wly
slo
pe
d b
ott
om
s. R
eta
ins
mo
re c
on
sis
ten
t d
ee
pw
ate
r co
nd
itio
ns,
bu
t e
limin
ate
s (
red
uce
s)
a v
eg
eta
ted
fri
ng
e
Flas
hy H
ydro
peri
od
To
lera
nt
Sp
ecie
s
•Ju
ncus
effu
sis:
sm
oo
th r
ush
•Ty
pha
latif
olia
: co
mm
on
ca
tta
il
•S
cirp
us a
cutu
s:ta
ll b
ulru
sh
(if it
rem
ain
s in
a d
ee
p p
oo
l,
no
t in
a s
yste
m th
at d
rain
s b
etw
ee
n s
torm
eve
nts
)
•S
pire
ado
ugla
ssii:
Do
ug
las s
pri
rea
Pro
blem
Are
as: W
et S
ites
Ann
ual D
ry-d
own
Results w
hen a
syste
m f
ills u
p
with
win
ter
pre
cip
ita
tio
n a
nd
ru
n-o
ff a
nd then d
ries u
p e
very
sum
mer
due t
o lack o
f ra
infa
ll.N
ot
a “
pro
ble
m a
rea”
in P
uget
Tro
ugh r
egio
n, it’s
the n
orm
for
many p
alu
str
ine s
yste
ms.
Ma
y r
esu
lt in
exp
ose
d ‘m
ud
-flats
’ in
the m
id-s
ections o
f w
etlands that are
inundate
d for
such a
long d
ura
tion t
hat
se
ed
s/c
lon
es c
an
no
t e
sta
blis
h
in the tim
e p
eriod that soils
are
e
xp
ose
d a
nn
ua
lly (
or
se
ed
s
that
esta
blis
hed a
re d
row
ned
over
the w
inte
r in
to late
sp
rin
g).
Sea
sona
l or
Ann
ual D
raw
dow
n
Sea
sona
l or
Ann
ual D
raw
dow
n
Wet
Sit
esA
nnua
l Dry
-dow
n
Desig
n C
onsid
era
tions
•C
reate
/main
tain
marg
ins o
f w
etlands that have a
variable
slo
pe. S
hallo
wly
slo
ped z
ones w
ill b
e fully
vegeta
ted a
nd m
ay b
ecom
e fully
exposed/d
ried
out sta
rtin
g in late
spring. D
eep m
arg
ins c
an m
ain
tain
a w
etted
surf
ace/e
dge inte
rface e
ven in late
sum
mer
and incre
ase e
dge d
ivers
ity.
•S
yste
ms w
ith u
nconstr
icte
doutlets
, th
in-s
tem
med v
egeta
tion, and long-t
erm
inundation c
an p
rovid
e e
xcelle
nt am
phib
ian h
abitat
•S
yste
ms less than 1
6-1
8”
deep m
ay e
sta
blis
h a
shru
b/w
oody c
om
ponent
over
tim
e (
especia
lly if sedim
enta
tion is a
n issue)
•E
xposed m
ud-f
lats
in fall
can b
e v
ery
beneficia
l to
resid
ent or
mig
rato
ry
shore
birds (
it’s
a h
abitat th
at is
severe
ly lackin
g in fre
shw
ate
r ecosyste
ms).
Wet
Sit
esP
erm
anen
t S
hallo
w-w
ater
Mar
shes
& P
onds
Syste
m c
olle
cts
suffic
ient
wate
r th
roughout
the y
ear
to m
ain
tain
shallo
w t
o m
odera
te
wate
r depth
and d
oes n
ot
dry
out
except
in y
ea
rs o
f e
xtr
em
e d
rou
gh
t.
Pro
vid
es h
abitat fo
r aquatic invert
ebra
tes,
am
phib
ians,
mam
mals
, birds.
Public
concern
s,
real or
perc
eiv
ed:
mosquitoes/W
est N
ile v
irus
Canada g
eese
safe
ty/p
ublic
nuis
ance
Per
man
ent
Sha
llow
-wat
er M
arsh
es &
Pon
ds
Per
man
ent
Sha
llow
-wat
er M
arsh
es &
Pon
ds
Pla
ntin
g S
peci
fica
tion
sW
hat’
s E
noug
h?
Ne
ws
Fla
sh
Co
ntr
ac
tors
DO
NO
T r
ea
d “
mit
iga
tio
n p
lan
s”
GE
T O
VE
R I
Tand
Pla
n A
cco
rdin
gly
!
Spe
cifi
cati
ons
Con
tent
s
•P
RO
JE
CT
GO
AL
S
•C
ON
ST
RU
CT
ION
SE
QU
EN
CE
•P
ER
FO
RM
AN
CE
ST
AN
DA
RD
S
•M
ON
ITO
RIN
G
•M
AIN
TE
NA
NC
E
Mul
chin
g
Wat
erin
gIn
vasi
ve C
ontr
olW
eed
Whi
ppin
g/M
owin
g sc
hedu
les
•P
LA
NT
SC
HE
DU
LE
Lunc
h?
Pro
blem
Dry
Sit
esP
robl
em D
ry S
ites
Pla
nt a
dapt
atio
ns t
o dr
ough
t
•A
vo
id it
–do
n’t g
row
wh
en
/wh
ere
th
ere
isn
’t e
no
ug
h
wa
ter
•S
urv
ive
it
–h
ave
ad
ap
tatio
ns t
o d
ea
l w
ith
lo
w w
ate
r
leve
ls
Pla
nt a
dapt
atio
ns t
o dr
ough
t
Avo
id it
•O
nly
gro
w in
we
tla
nd
s o
r o
the
r
are
as w
ith p
lenty
of
wate
r
•O
nly
gro
w in
ma
ture
so
ils w
ith
go
od
wa
ter
ho
ldin
g c
ap
acity
•F
inis
h g
row
ing
an
d s
et se
ed
befo
re the s
um
mer
dro
ughts
hit
Su
rviv
e it
•H
ave a
deep r
oot syste
m to
access s
oil
wate
r re
serv
es
•H
ave
a w
ide
sp
rea
din
g r
oo
t
syste
m to c
aptu
re lots
of w
ate
r
when it
does r
ain
•B
e r
eally
good a
t extr
acting
wh
at
so
il w
ate
r th
ere
is
•R
educe w
ate
r lo
ss t
hro
ugh
lea
ve
s
•H
ave
hig
h r
esis
tan
ce
to
wilt
ing
and d
am
age f
rom
lack o
f w
ate
r
Res
tora
tion
ist
adap
tati
ons
to d
roug
ht
Avo
id it
•Ir
rigate
Su
rviv
e it
•C
hoose d
rought to
lera
nt pla
nts
•U
se
sm
all
pla
nts
, th
ey n
ee
d
less w
ate
r to
get
esta
blis
hed
•Im
pro
ve t
he s
oil
to incre
ase
wate
r absorp
tion a
nd h
old
ing
ca
pa
city
•M
ulc
h the s
oil
surf
ace to
de
cre
ase
wa
ter
eva
po
ratio
n
•S
ha
de
th
e s
oil
su
rfa
ce
by
pla
nting fast gro
win
g tre
es a
nd
un
de
rpla
nt
less d
rou
gh
t
tole
ran
t sp
ecie
s la
ter
Cho
ose
drou
ght
tole
rant
pla
nts
•D
ou
gla
s-f
ir
•S
ho
re p
ine
•G
arr
y o
ak
•M
ad
ron
e
•S
erv
ice
be
rry
•O
ce
an
sp
ray
•S
ala
l
•T
all
Ore
go
n g
rap
e
•R
ed
flo
we
rin
g c
urr
an
t
•S
now
berr
y
•E
tc.
Cho
osin
g S
peci
es
Crite
ria
fo
r d
ecis
ion
ma
kin
g
•G
oa
ls a
nd
ob
jective
s
•S
ite
co
nd
itio
ns
•P
roje
ct co
nd
itio
ns
•R
efe
ren
ce
site
(s)
•A
va
ilab
ility
•B
ud
ge
t
Sit
e C
ondi
tion
s
•H
yd
rolo
gy
•S
un a
nd s
hade
•A
sp
ect
•S
oil
type
•S
oil
co
mp
actio
n
•S
oil
pre
pa
ratio
n
•S
lope
•E
levation
•S
urr
ou
nd
ing
la
nd
use
•P
ote
ntial pest
pro
ble
ms
Pla
nt p
refe
renc
es
•S
un
or
sh
ad
e
•M
ine
ral so
il o
r o
rga
nic
ma
tte
r
•M
ois
ture
le
ve
l &
se
aso
n
•S
oil
type –
sandy, silt
y, cla
y
•S
oil
co
mp
actio
n le
ve
l
Res
ourc
es f
or le
arni
ng a
bout
pla
nts
•L
ots
of
tim
e s
pen
t o
utd
oo
rs o
bserv
ing
pla
nts
an
d
makin
g n
ote
s
•w
ww
.so
un
dn
ative
pla
nts
.co
m-
pla
nt
de
scrip
tio
ns a
nd
sp
ecie
s s
ele
ctio
n g
uid
e e
sp
ecia
lly
•P
lant
s of
the
Pac
ific
Nor
thw
est C
oast
–Jim
Po
jar
& A
nd
y
Ma
cK
inn
on
, L
on
e P
ine
Pre
ss,
19
94
•A
Fie
ld G
uide
to C
omm
on W
etla
nd P
lant
s of
Wes
tern
W
A a
nd N
orth
wes
tern
OR
–e
d. S
ara
h S
pe
ar
Co
oke
, S
ea
ttle
Au
du
bo
n S
ocie
ty, 1
99
7
•Fl
ora
of th
e P
acifi
c N
orth
wes
t–C
. L
eo
Hitch
co
ck &
A
rth
ur
Cro
nq
uis
t, U
W P
ress, 1
97
3
•In
dica
tor S
peci
es o
f the
Pac
ific
Nor
thw
est,
Klin
ka
an
d
Kra
jina
, 1
98
9
Con
tain
er p
lant
s
Pro
s
•B
etter
surv
ival
•E
asie
r to
pla
nt co
rre
ctly
•P
lanting s
eason lim
ited o
nly
by
wa
ter
ava
ilab
ility
Co
ns
•M
ore
expensiv
e to b
uy, ship
,
and p
lant
•B
ulk
ier
to h
andle
, sto
re,
and
transport
Bar
eroo
t
Pro
s
•C
heaper
to b
uy, ship
, and
pla
nt
•C
heaper
to h
andle
, sto
re, and
transport
•E
asie
r to
use
on
site
s w
ith
po
or
acce
ss
Co
ns
•V
ery
lim
ite
d p
lan
tin
g s
ea
so
n
•H
igh
er
mo
rta
lity
Res
tora
tion
ist
adap
tati
ons
to d
roug
ht
Avo
id it
•Ir
rigate
Su
rviv
e it
•C
hoose d
rought to
lera
nt pla
nts
•U
se
sm
all
pla
nts
, th
ey n
ee
d
less w
ate
r to
get
esta
blis
hed
•Im
pro
ve t
he s
oil
to incre
ase
wate
r absorp
tion a
nd h
old
ing
ca
pa
city
•M
ulc
h the s
oil
surf
ace to
de
cre
ase
wa
ter
eva
po
ratio
n
•S
ha
de
th
e s
oil
su
rfa
ce
by
pla
nting fast gro
win
g tre
es a
nd
underp
lant
less d
rought
tole
ran
t sp
ecie
s la
ter
Impr
ove
the
soil
•D
eco
mp
act(t
illin
g,
rip
pin
g)
•A
dd
org
an
ic m
att
er
Mul
ch
•In
cre
ase
s s
oil
wa
ter
ab
so
rptio
n a
bili
ty
•In
cre
ase
s s
oil
wa
ter
ho
ldin
g c
ap
acity
•R
ed
uce
s s
oil
wa
ter
eva
po
ratio
n
•A
dd
s o
rga
nic
ma
tte
r to
so
il a
s it b
rea
ks d
ow
n
•Im
pro
ve
s s
oil
tilth
(te
xtu
re, str
uctu
re, fr
iab
ility
)
•In
cre
ase
s s
oil
flo
ra a
nd
fa
un
a p
op
ula
tio
ns
•R
ed
uce
s w
ee
d g
row
th
•M
od
era
tes s
oil
tem
pe
ratu
re
•A
dd
s n
utr
ien
ts in
slo
w-r
ele
ase
fo
rm
•E
nco
ura
ge
s v
eg
eta
tive
pro
pa
ga
tio
n
•R
ed
uce
s o
r h
alts e
rosio
n
used w
ith
perm
issio
n o
f
the Inte
rnational
Socie
ty o
f
Arb
oriculture
,
fro
m P
rin
cip
les
and P
ractice o
f
Pla
nting T
rees
and S
hru
bs
by
Gary
Wats
on &
E.B
. H
ime
lick
Fro
m P
rincip
les a
nd
Pra
ctice o
f P
lanting T
rees
and S
hru
bs
by G
ary
W.
Wats
on &
E.B
. H
imelic
k,
©1997,
Inte
rnational
Socie
ty o
f A
rboriculture
Res
tora
tion
ist
adap
tati
ons
to d
roug
ht
Avo
id it
•Ir
rigate
Su
rviv
e it
•C
hoose d
rought to
lera
nt pla
nts
•U
se
sm
all
pla
nts
, th
ey n
ee
d
less w
ate
r to
get
esta
blis
hed
•Im
pro
ve t
he s
oil
to incre
ase
wate
r absorp
tion a
nd h
old
ing
ca
pa
city
•M
ulc
h the s
oil
surf
ace to
de
cre
ase
wa
ter
eva
po
ratio
n
•S
ha
de
th
e s
oil
su
rfa
ce
by
pla
nting fast gro
win
g tre
es a
nd
underp
lant
less d
rought
tole
ran
t sp
ecie
s la
ter
Tem
pora
ryir
riga
tion
•U
se
ful (c
ritica
l?)
for
the
first
on
e t
o t
hre
e y
ea
rs a
fte
r
insta
llatio
n
•G
en
era
lly la
id o
n t
he
su
rfa
ce
aft
er
pla
nt
insta
llatio
n,
so
me
tim
es u
nd
er
an
d s
om
etim
es o
n to
p o
f th
e m
ulc
h
•A
mo
un
t o
f w
ate
r n
ee
de
d d
ep
en
ds o
n:
–A
mo
un
t o
f ra
infa
ll
–S
ite
hyd
rolo
gy
–S
oil
typ
e a
nd
co
nd
itio
n
–P
lan
t sp
ecie
s
–T
ime
of
insta
llatio
n
–S
oil
am
en
dm
en
ts a
nd
/or
mu
lch
Tem
pora
ry ir
riga
tion
for
pla
nt
esta
blis
hmen
t
•D
o y
ou n
eed it?
•D
o y
ou
ha
ve
acce
ss to
wa
ter?
•C
an y
ou a
fford
it?
•W
ill it w
ork
on
yo
ur
site
?
•W
ho
will
de
sig
n it,
in
sta
ll it,
run
it,
ma
inta
in it?
•W
ha
t w
ill y
ou
do
with
it
aft
er
the
pla
nts
are
esta
blis
he
d
an
d it
is n
o lo
ng
er
ne
ed
ed
?
•Is
your
site p
rone to v
andalis
m? If s
o, can it be
pro
tecte
d?
Acc
ess
to w
ater
•F
ire
hyd
ran
t
•E
xis
tin
g n
ea
rby irr
iga
tio
n lin
e o
r d
itch
•N
ea
rby s
tre
am
, p
on
d,
lake
(n
ee
d a
pe
rmit!)
•W
ate
r tr
uck
•T
em
po
rary
wa
ter
tan
k o
r p
illo
w t
an
k u
p s
lop
e
•Ir
rig
atio
n w
ell
•C
oo
pe
rative
ne
igh
bo
r
Can
you
aff
ord
it?
Ste
ep s
ites
•S
afe
ty first
•P
lan
wo
rk c
are
fully
to
min
imiz
e t
raff
ic o
n s
lop
e
•U
se
sm
all
pla
nts
an
d d
istu
rb s
oil
as little
as p
ossib
le in
pla
ntin
g.
Co
nsid
er
live
sta
ke
s if
slo
pe
da
mp
en
ou
gh
.
•P
ay a
ttention to tra
ppin
g w
ate
r fo
r pla
nts
:
–M
ulc
h
–W
ate
rin
g w
ells
if slo
pe
is d
ry
•H
an
d a
pp
lied
mu
lch
ok o
n 2
:1 s
lop
e o
r le
ss,
blo
wn
-on
mu
lch
ca
n g
o e
ve
n s
tee
pe
r
•C
on
sid
er
irrig
atio
n,
allo
w t
ime
fo
r w
ate
r to
sin
k in
to s
oil
Soi
l bio
-eng
inee
ring
tec
hniq
ues
•M
ulc
hin
g
•S
ilt fe
nce
•E
rosio
n c
on
tro
l fa
bric
•L
ive s
takes
•F
ascin
es
•S
traw
wattle
s
•L
ive
crib
wa
lls
•V
eg
eta
ted
ge
og
rid
s
Com
pact
ion
Com
pact
ion
Pre
vent
ion
Con
serv
ing
Exi
stin
g S
oils
•S
tay o
ff it
•M
inim
ize
tra
ffic
–h
ave
de
fin
ed
ro
ute
s th
at e
qu
ipm
en
t is
limite
d to
•C
ush
ion
tra
ffic
with
ho
g f
ue
l, p
lyw
oo
d,
rub
be
r m
ats
, ste
el
pla
tes,
co
ntr
acto
rs k
no
w a
bo
ut
the
se
te
ch
niq
ue
s
•L
imit w
ha
t m
ach
ine
ry m
ay b
e u
se
d –
tra
cke
d is b
ett
er
tha
n w
he
ele
d,
the
sm
alle
r a
nd
lig
hte
r th
e b
ett
er
Com
pact
ion
redu
ctio
nS
alva
ging
Top
soil
Facto
rs to c
onsid
er
•Q
ua
lity
•Q
ua
ntity
(a
fte
r site
cle
arin
g)
•C
on
tam
ina
tio
n?
•S
tora
ge
•T
he
n, d
eco
mp
actif p
ossib
le a
fte
r p
utt
ing
ba
ck o
nto
site
Dec
ompa
ctio
n
Bio
log
ica
l
•M
ulc
h w
ith o
rganic
matter,
contr
ol w
eeds, and w
ait for
natu
re to take its
cours
e
Me
ch
an
ica
l
•T
he s
am
e c
onstr
uction
machin
ery
that cre
ate
d the
com
paction c
an h
elp
de
co
mp
actit
–B
ackh
oe
–B
obcat or
tracto
r w
ith
rip
pin
g te
eth
–T
racto
r w
ith
till
er
(if
co
mp
actio
n s
ha
llow
or
no
t
too s
evere
–C
ultiv
ato
r, d
isk h
arr
ow
, or
oth
er
ag
ricu
ltu
ral
ma
ch
ine
ry
Dec
ompa
ctio
n
•H
ow
de
ep
?
10
” to
12
” o
r m
ore
•L
oo
se
so
il m
ake
s n
ice
se
ed
ge
rmin
atio
n m
ed
ium
so
co
ntr
ol w
ee
ds
•If p
rote
ctin
g r
oo
ts o
f e
xis
tin
g p
lan
ts, d
ig a
rou
nd
to
fin
d
ba
lan
ce
be
twe
en
wh
ere
co
mp
acte
d s
oils
are
an
d w
he
re
pla
nt ro
ots
are
•P
lan
wo
rk c
are
fully
so
yo
u w
ork
yo
ur
wa
y b
ackw
ard
s o
ut
of
site
, d
on
’t a
llow
an
y m
ach
ine
ry o
n a
site
th
at
ha
s ju
st
be
en
de
co
mp
acte
d
•S
oil
tha
t is
we
t w
ill c
om
pa
ct
mo
re e
asily
, so
il th
at
is v
ery
dry
will
cru
mb
le in
to d
ust,
lo
sin
g s
tru
ctu
re. W
ork
so
ils
wh
en
mo
ist,
in
be
twe
en
. A
sk a
fa
rme
r (o
r N
RC
S).
Impo
rtin
g T
opso
il
•It
’s c
rea
ted
, g
en
era
lly h
as s
an
d,
org
an
ics (
bio
so
lids,
co
mp
ost,
sa
wd
ust,
pe
at,
etc
.) a
nd
“lo
am
” w
hic
h is
pro
ba
bly
th
e to
pso
il scra
pe
d o
ff th
e la
st site
th
ey c
lea
red
•D
on’t b
uy it w
ithout seein
g it, n
ot alw
ays w
ort
h the
mo
ne
y
•P
rob
ab
ly m
ore
co
st
eff
ective
to
bu
y c
om
po
st
an
d a
me
nd
or
mu
lch
with
it
Fert
ilize
r
•N
ot a
n a
me
nd
me
nt
•R
ese
arc
h s
ho
ws p
lan
ts c
an
’t u
se
till
th
ey a
re
esta
blis
he
d,
pu
ttin
g it
on
at
pla
ntin
g m
ay b
e w
aste
of
mo
ne
y
•B
roa
dca
st
fert
ilize
r e
nco
ura
ge
s w
ee
d g
row
th
Soi
l Am
endm
ents
•A
nyth
ing
th
at is
till
ed
in
to th
e s
oil,
as o
pp
ose
d to
mu
lch
,
wh
ich
is a
nyth
ing
th
at is
pla
ce
d o
n to
p o
f th
e s
oil
su
rfa
ce
.
•T
yp
ica
l o
ne
s in
clu
de
co
mp
ost,
to
pso
il, s
aw
du
st (r
ed
uce
s
nitro
ge
n),
ma
nu
re (
ten
ds to
ha
ve
we
ed
se
ed
s o
r b
e h
ot)
•If y
ou
are
go
ing
to
use
am
en
dm
en
ts, a
me
nd
wh
ole
site
,
no
t p
lan
tin
g h
ole
s
The
Mec
hani
cs o
f R
esto
rati
on
It’s
tim
e to
sta
rt…
but
wai
t.O
verv
iew
of
the
next
ste
ps
(and
of
this
pre
sent
atio
n)
•T
he
de
sig
n is c
om
ple
te
•P
roje
ct
sp
on
so
rs lo
ca
te a
n in
sta
llatio
n t
ea
m
•S
po
nso
rs a
nd
in
sta
llers
re
vie
w t
he
de
sig
n in
th
e f
ield
•P
ha
sin
g a
nd
se
qu
en
cin
g a
re c
larifie
d
•E
xp
ecta
tio
ns a
re c
larifie
d
•M
ate
ria
ls a
re o
rde
red
•W
ork
co
mm
en
ce
s
•A
nd
eve
ntu
ally
…ste
wa
rdsh
ip b
eg
ins.
Des
ign:
The
vie
w f
rom
the
Fie
ld
Rea
ding
the
des
ign
in t
he f
ield
•“I
t is
he
lpfu
l to
eith
er
ha
ve
th
e in
sta
ller
on
bo
ard
as e
arly
as p
ossib
le o
r to
pla
n a
nd
de
sig
n c
are
fully
in
str
ict
acco
rda
nce
with
acce
pte
d lo
gis
tica
l d
octr
ine
s (
).”
-th
e w
ord
s o
f a
wis
e o
ld in
sta
ller.
•If the d
esig
n d
oes n
ot specify, th
e P
roje
ct M
anager
with
the
in
sta
ller
sh
ou
ld th
ink th
rou
gh
site
lo
gis
tics: site
a
cce
ss;
ma
teria
l sta
gin
g;
inva
siv
e r
em
ova
l te
ch
niq
ue
s,
tim
ing
, re
mo
va
l ro
ute
s,
an
d s
tag
ing
; a
nd
mu
lch
ing
lo
gis
tics. T
his
ca
n a
ct a
s a
ch
eck o
n th
e d
esig
n
sp
ecific
s.
•A
go
od
de
sig
n w
ill a
llow
fo
r th
e b
est
log
istica
l a
pp
roa
ch
es t
o b
e c
ho
se
n.
Mor
e vi
ews
from
the
fie
ld
•A
de
sig
ne
r a
t h
er/
his
be
st,
kn
ow
s th
e in
sta
ller’s
ca
pa
bili
tie
s a
nd
ca
n t
hu
s o
ffe
r a
n a
pp
rop
ria
te le
ve
l o
f
gu
ida
nce
with
ou
t n
eg
atin
g t
oo
ma
ny lo
gis
tica
l o
ptio
ns.
•P
lan
t la
yo
ut:
T
yp
ica
lsv. lo
ca
tin
g. G
en
era
l lo
ca
tin
g (
with
nu
mb
ers
of
pla
nts
) is
use
ful o
n la
rge
site
s w
ith
tho
usa
nd
s o
f p
lan
ts. T
yp
ica
ls(a
sm
all
dia
gra
m)
are
ad
eq
ua
te f
or
sm
alle
r site
s.
•It c
an
he
lp if th
e d
esig
ne
r is
acce
ssib
le. A
re th
ey
bu
dg
ete
d t
o s
tay o
n in
an
ad
vis
ory
ro
le?
E
ve
n o
n a
co
ntin
ge
ncy b
asis
?
The
Wal
k-T
hrou
ghS
o yo
u’re
han
ded
a w
ell-p
lann
ed d
esig
n…N
ow w
hat?
Th
e im
po
rta
nce
of th
e s
ite
wa
lk-t
hro
ug
h c
an
no
t b
e
un
de
restim
ate
d.
–H
ave
on
e -
with
all
of th
e in
vo
lve
d a
nd
in
tere
ste
d
pa
rtie
s: p
roje
ct m
an
ag
er,
co
mm
un
ity g
rou
p
me
mb
ers
, in
sta
ller,
ma
ch
ine
op
era
tor,
an
d th
e
de
sig
ne
r.
–It is the b
est
wa
y t
o g
et
eve
ryo
ne
on
th
e s
am
e p
ag
e.
To
pic
s to
dis
cu
ss a
t th
e w
alk
-th
rou
gh
ca
n in
clu
de
:
inva
siv
e r
em
ova
l te
ch
niq
ue
, m
ate
ria
l d
isp
osa
l, s
ite
acce
ss, sta
gin
g lo
ca
tio
n(s
), s
afe
ty issu
es, p
ossib
le
ma
teri
al a
va
ilab
ility
issu
es/c
on
ce
rns,
pro
ject
ph
asin
g,
an
d o
f co
urs
e, th
e lo
ng
-te
rm o
bje
ctive
s.
The
Wal
k-T
hrou
gh (
cont
.)
•M
ake
su
re th
at e
ve
ryo
ne
kn
ow
s n
ot o
nly
th
eir r
ole
s, b
ut
the
ir r
eso
urc
es:
–E
ve
ry m
em
be
rs s
tre
ng
ths,
–W
ho
ha
s d
ecis
ion
ma
kin
g p
ow
er
(an
d w
ho
wo
uld
lik
e to?)
•It is a
lso a
n im
port
ant tim
e to initia
te (
or
better
yet, r
e-
vis
it)
the
exp
ecta
tio
ns a
bo
ut
task p
ha
sin
g a
nd
se
qu
en
cin
g.
Pro
ject
Pha
sing
: 3
insp
irat
ions
De
sig
n in
sp
ire
d p
ha
sin
g:
•P
lan
tin
g t
imin
g m
ay b
e d
ete
rmin
ed
by p
lan
t m
ate
ria
l:
Ba
re-r
oo
t sto
ck in
mid
-win
ter,
po
tte
d p
lan
ts fro
m
Octo
be
r-F
eb
rua
ry, a
nd
mo
st e
me
rge
nts
in th
e s
prin
g.
•P
erm
it tim
ing
.
En
vir
on
me
nta
lly in
sp
ire
d p
ha
sin
g:
•P
lan
ca
lls fo
r w
etla
nd
pla
ntin
g: O
fte
n, th
is s
ho
uld
be
do
ne
in
la
te s
prin
g o
r e
arly s
um
me
r.
Na
tura
l p
roce
ss in
sp
ire
d p
ha
sin
g:
•T
he
site
is c
ove
red
in
H. B
lackb
err
y in
Se
pte
mb
er,
pla
ntin
g s
ho
uld
no
t ta
ke
pla
ce
in
Octo
be
r.
Pha
sing
Cha
rt
Oc
tob
er
Fe
bru
ary
Ju
ne
Se
pte
mb
er
Events
Ph
asin
g o
f P
roje
ct
Ta
sks
In-s
tre
am
re
sto
ratio
nP
ott
ed p
lan
ts
Irrigation n
eeded
Wetland invasiv
e r
em
oval
Bare
-root
Em
erg
ents
Ivy r
em
ova
l
Re
sto
ration
sites n
ee
d m
ain
tena
nce
budgets
exp
ire
Bla
ckbe
rry r
em
ova
l
volu
nte
er
Larg
e
Inva
sive
Rem
oval
and
Des
igns
Mo
st d
esig
ns d
o n
ot ca
ll fo
r
inva
siv
e r
em
ova
l te
ch
niq
ue
s.
Wh
ole
sa
le o
r M
ino
r: C
ha
nce
s a
re
the
site
will
ne
ed
so
me
in
va
siv
e
cle
ari
ng
.
Re
mo
va
l te
ch
niq
ue
, tim
ing
an
d
follo
w u
p s
ho
uld
be
de
cid
ed
no
late
r th
an
th
e w
alk
th
rou
gh
an
d
pre
fera
bly
du
rin
g t
he
de
sig
n
pro
ce
ss.
Inva
sive
Rem
oval
and
Des
igns
Th
e n
atu
re o
f th
e s
ite
an
d
the
in
va
siv
e s
pe
cie
s w
ill
dic
tate
th
e b
est a
pp
roa
ch
De
sig
ne
rs m
ay c
ho
ose
to
sp
ec th
ese
ou
t o
n th
eir
ow
n o
r co
nsu
lt w
ith
oth
er
exp
ert
s.
Pro
ject
ma
na
ge
rs m
ay
ch
oo
se
to
ap
pro
ach
in
va
siv
e r
em
ova
l o
uts
ide
o
f th
e d
esig
n s
co
pe
an
d
ha
ve
a m
ach
ine
cre
w, a
h
an
d c
rew
, o
r vo
lun
tee
rs
do
th
e w
ork
.
Inva
sive
Rem
oval
and
Des
igns
The m
ost effective techniq
ue a
nd its
success c
an:
•S
low
th
e p
roje
ct
do
wn
(e
co
log
ica
l se
qu
en
cin
g)
•F
rustr
ate
those w
ho w
ant
“results”
faste
r
•E
xp
ose
ne
w p
hysic
al ch
alle
ng
es ie
. u
ne
xp
ecte
d s
oils
, b
urie
d o
bje
cts
, m
icro
-to
po
gra
ph
y, e
tc.
It w
ill h
elp
th
en
to
ha
ve
a k
no
wle
dg
ea
ble
in
sta
ller,
or
a s
olid
d
esig
n s
pe
c A
nd
the e
xpecta
tion s
et th
at th
e b
est contr
ol
pro
ce
ss m
ay ta
ke
tim
e.
Cre
w m
anag
emen
tC
rew
man
agem
ent
Cre
w M
anag
emen
tK
eys t
o h
ap
pin
ess
•T
rain
ing
•A
th
ou
gh
tfu
l site
-sp
ecific
intr
od
uctio
n y
ield
s in
tere
st
an
d
concern
for
the s
ite
•P
rop
er
too
ls a
nd
eq
uip
me
nt
•S
om
e le
ve
l o
f su
pe
rvis
ion
•S
ett
ing
go
als
, d
aily
, w
ee
kly
,
som
etim
es e
ven h
ourly
•D
eb
rie
f/tr
ou
ble
-sh
oo
t re
gu
larly
and o
ften.
Ke
ys t
o d
issa
tisfa
ctio
n
•U
ntr
ain
ed
cre
w
•N
o intr
oduction
•W
rong tools
•N
o s
up
erv
isio
n
•N
o g
oals
•N
o feedback
Th
eo
ry: A
ha
pp
y c
rew
will
ma
ke
a s
po
nso
r sa
tisfie
d.
So
to
a d
issa
tisfie
d c
rew
will
do
or
po
or
wo
rk.
Vol
unte
er M
anag
emen
t•
Kn
ow
th
e g
rou
p
–6 y
ea
r o
lds a
re d
iffe
ren
t th
an
25
ye
ar
old
s
•C
ho
ose
ta
sks a
pp
rop
ria
tely
–P
lan
tin
g a
nd
mu
lch
ing
are
b
ett
er
tha
n b
lackb
err
y
rem
ova
l w
hic
h is b
ett
er
tha
n L
WD
pla
ce
me
nt
•P
rea
ch
th
e b
ig p
ictu
re a
nd
th
an
k th
em
•S
et
goals
and m
otivate
!
Vol
unte
er M
anag
emen
t co
nt.
•C
on
sid
er
ha
vin
g “
tea
m”
an
d/o
r “t
ask”
lea
de
rs
–T
hey c
an g
et
co
mfo
rta
ble
with
th
e
task a
nd
le
ad
mo
re
effectively
, and y
ou
can s
end t
hem
off w
ith
a g
rou
p t
o h
elp
co
ntr
ol
the
ma
sse
s.
•A
ssig
n s
taff to d
o Q
C
ea
rly a
nd
to
sp
rea
d th
e
wo
rd.
Too
ls f
or V
olun
teer
Eve
nts
•Glo
ve
s
•Sh
ove
ls
•Bu
cke
ts
•Tarp
s
•Ra
ke
s
•Lo
pp
ers
•Pitchfo
rks
•A ta
ble
•Re
fre
sh
me
nts
•Sig
n-in
sh
ee
ts
•Sh
arp
s b
ox
•Pro
ject in
fo
•Ra
in G
ea
r?
•Dir
ectio
na
l sig
ns
•Te
am
•First-
aid
kit(s
)
Oth
er t
ypic
al t
ool l
ists
Ste
ep s
lope p
lanting
–P
lan
tin
g s
ho
ve
l
–P
ost-
ho
le d
igg
er
–R
op
es a
nd
ha
rne
ss?
Com
pact soil
pla
nting
–P
lan
tin
g s
ho
ve
l
–G
as a
ug
er
–P
ick-m
ad
do
x
Oth
er t
ypic
al t
ool l
ists
We
tla
nd
pla
ntin
g
•W
oo
de
n p
lan
ks
•W
he
elb
arr
ow
•S
hove
l
•H
ori h
ori/
ha
nd
tro
we
l
•P
itchfo
rk
•R
ub
be
r m
alle
t
Ero
sio
n c
on
tro
l
•S
ing
le ja
ck
•S
tap
les o
r sta
ke
s
•E
rosio
n c
on
tro
l fa
bric
•S
traw
wattle
s
•P
itchfo
rk
•M
ulc
h b
low
er
•C
hip
pe
r
•W
he
elb
arr
ow
Oth
er t
ypic
al t
ool l
ists
Inva
siv
e r
em
ova
l
•B
rush c
utter
•L
op
pe
r
•H
an
d p
run
er
•W
ee
d w
ren
ch
•H
an
d t
ille
r
•S
hove
l
•S
cyth
e
•P
run
ing
sa
w
•T
arp
s
•B
uckets
•D
isc t
ille
r
•P
itchfo
rk
Inva
siv
e c
on
tro
l
(Th
e s
am
e a
s “
rem
ova
l”
plu
s…
)
•S
ing
le ja
ck
•W
ood s
takes
•B
lack la
nd
sca
pe
fa
bric
•C
ord
•S
tap
les
Now
: In
to t
he d
irt
Now
: In
to t
he d
irt
The
Pla
nt a
re H
ere!
Ins
pect
.
Th
is is n
orm
ally
do
ne
in
th
e fa
ll a
nd
win
ter
so
wh
at fo
llow
s
is a
co
ld s
ea
so
n a
pp
roa
ch
:
•O
uts
ide the p
ot:
–P
lan
ts s
ho
uld
lo
ok v
igo
rou
s a
nd
he
alth
y a
nd
wo
od
y
ste
ms s
ho
uld
be
in
go
od
sh
ap
e.
–E
xam
ine the b
ark
: Is it fr
ee o
f dam
age a
nd s
oft
sp
ots
?
–E
ve
rgre
en
ne
ed
les a
nd
le
ave
s s
ho
uld
no
t b
e p
ale
or
sp
ott
ed
, n
or
sh
ou
ld t
he
pla
nt
be
in
feste
d w
ith
bu
gs.
•In
sid
e the p
ot:
–R
oo
ts s
ho
uld
ha
ve
pa
le t
ips,
sh
ou
ld n
ot
be
to
o r
oo
t b
ou
nd
, n
or
sh
ou
ld t
he
so
il b
e t
oo
lo
ose
.
Pla
ntin
g 10
1
•D
ig a
wh
ole
2x t
he
dia
me
ter
of
the
po
t, a
nd
as d
ee
p.
•S
eg
reg
ate
yo
ur
rem
ove
d s
oil
fro
m o
the
r m
ate
ria
ls.
•R
em
ove
th
e th
e p
lan
t fr
om
th
e p
ot w
ith
ap
pro
pria
te fo
rce
-fr
om
wre
stlin
g to
cra
dlin
g.
•W
ith
mo
st p
lan
ts, d
on
’t b
e s
hy a
bo
ut d
istu
rbin
g th
e r
oo
t
ba
ll, e
sp
ecia
lly w
ith
ro
ot
bo
un
d p
lan
ts.
•W
he
n b
ack-f
illin
g, p
ay c
lose
att
en
tio
n to
th
e v
ert
ica
l
positio
nin
g. T
he r
oot colla
r should
be s
et flush to the
ad
jace
nt
so
il le
ve
l.
•If m
ore
so
il is
ne
ed
ed
-b
orr
ow
it.
•A
ir p
ocke
ts c
an
kill
-b
ack-f
ill firm
ly a
nd
giv
e it a
frie
nd
ly
tug.
Inst
alla
tion
: S
teep
sit
es
On
e o
f th
e m
ajo
r co
nce
rns is h
ow
to
m
inim
ize
bo
th e
rosio
n a
nd
da
ma
ge
to
th
e s
oil
str
uctu
re w
hile
pla
ntin
g:
•D
ig p
lan
tin
g h
ole
s c
are
fully
, tr
y
usin
g a
po
st-
ho
le d
igg
er
or
na
rro
w
bla
de
d s
ho
ve
ls.
•U
se
clim
bin
g r
op
es a
nd
ha
rne
sse
s
to b
ett
er
sta
bili
ze
th
e p
lan
ter
•D
evelo
p a
syste
m to g
et pla
nts
to
the
pla
nte
r so
tra
ve
ling
on
th
e
slo
pe
is m
inim
ize
d. Y
ou
’ll n
ee
d
two e
xtr
a h
ands.
Ste
ep s
lope
s co
nt.
•A
no
the
r co
nce
rn is p
lan
t su
rviv
al a
s w
ate
r w
ill t
en
d t
o
mig
rate
do
wn
th
e s
lop
e in
ste
ad
of d
ow
n to
th
e r
oo
ts.
–F
orm
“p
lan
t w
ells
” a
s p
lan
ts g
o in
to t
he
gro
un
d.
–M
ulc
h w
ith
fin
es w
hic
h te
nd
to
stick to
slo
pe
s b
ett
er.
•A
lso
co
nsid
er
insta
llin
g c
oir f
ab
ric,
str
aw
wa
ttle
s, a
nd
or
a
silt
fence. T
hese
sh
ou
ld u
su
ally
be
insta
lled
prio
r to
pla
ntin
g
Inst
alla
tion
: D
ry S
ites
Dry
site
s in
we
ste
rn W
ash
ing
ton
?
Mu
st
be
so
il co
mp
actio
n
or
we
ll-d
rain
ing
so
ils:
In d
ry, co
mp
acte
d s
oils
:
•T
ry u
sin
g a
n a
ug
er
to h
elp
dig
ho
les
•R
esis
t th
e te
mp
tatio
n to
ad
d a
so
il a
me
nd
me
nt to
th
e
ho
les. In
ste
ad
sp
rea
d c
om
po
st a
cro
ss th
e e
ntire
site
, o
r a
t le
ast o
n th
e s
urf
ace
su
rro
un
din
g th
e p
lan
t, a
nd
co
ve
r it in
mu
lch
.
•C
rea
te p
lan
tin
g w
ells
In w
ell
dra
ine
d s
oils
, a
ssu
min
g t
he
pla
nts
are
ap
pro
pria
te:
•A
pp
ly 2
-4 in
ch
es o
f m
ulc
h to
he
lp r
eta
in w
ate
r d
urin
g th
e
esta
blis
hm
en
t p
ha
se
.
Inst
alla
tion
: W
et s
ites
Ch
oo
se
an
ap
pro
pria
te tim
e o
f ye
ar
to p
lan
t. A
dra
w-d
ow
n
pe
rio
d is b
est,
usu
ally
in
la
te s
prin
g. P
lan
tin
g in
to
o
mu
ch
wa
ter
will
dro
wn
th
e p
lan
tin
gs.
Oth
er
options:
•A
pp
roa
ch
th
e s
ite
on
pla
nks. T
he
se
are
go
od
fo
r w
he
elb
arr
ow
s a
nd
wa
lkin
g. A
tta
ch
cro
ss-m
em
be
rs fo
r sta
bili
ty.
•P
lan
t in
mo
un
ds, slig
htly r
ais
ed
mo
un
ds o
f so
il.
•In
sta
ll p
lan
tin
g h
um
mo
cks:
Art
ific
ially
ra
ise
d b
ed
s m
ad
e
of
co
ir lo
gs t
ied
to
ge
the
r in
a c
ircle
or
tria
ng
le,
the
n f
ille
d
with
so
il a
nd
to
pp
ed
with
mu
lch
Pla
ntin
g H
umm
ock
Inst
allin
g in
Hea
vily
Mul
ched
Sit
es
So
me
tim
es y
ou
are
aske
d t
o p
lan
t in
to a
n a
lre
ad
y m
ulc
he
d
site a
nd s
om
etim
es it is
very
mu
lch
ed
.
–M
ulc
h is n
ot
so
il, s
o b
e s
ure
to
dig
un
til yo
u f
ind
th
e
so
il, t
he
n d
ig t
he
pla
ntin
g h
ole
.
–K
ee
p m
ulc
h o
ut o
f th
e h
ole
. M
ulc
h m
ay h
ave
to
pu
lled
ba
ck f
rom
a r
ela
tive
ly la
rge
are
a in
ord
er
to
gu
ard
ag
ain
st it fa
llin
g b
ack th
e h
ole
.
–T
he
go
al is
to
ba
ck-f
ill w
ith
na
tive
so
il. T
ry u
sin
g a
bucket, the p
ot, o
r a p
iece o
f ta
rp to k
eep it separa
te.
–B
e s
ure
no
t to
bu
ry t
he
pla
nt
or
it’s
ste
m in
mu
lch
.
–T
his
mig
ht
be
a g
oo
d p
lace
to
fla
g n
ew
pla
nts
.
Irri
gati
on
Mo
st
exp
en
siv
e
Run-o
ff p
ote
ntial
Wate
r sourc
e?
Ea
ch
pla
nt
ge
ts w
ate
red
On
site
in
sp
ectio
n
Can a
dju
st
to w
eath
er
Ha
nd
wa
terin
g
En
co
ura
ge
s w
ee
d g
row
th
be
twe
en
pla
ntin
gs
Can insta
ll after
pla
nting
Pla
nt
pla
ce
me
nt
is
ind
ep
en
de
nt
Drip
irr
iga
tio
n:
en
tire
site
Mu
st
insta
ll b
efo
re p
lan
tin
g
Difficult to a
dju
st fo
r
mic
roto
pogra
phy
Do
es n
ot e
nco
ura
ge
we
ed
gro
wth
be
twe
en
pla
nts
Wate
r effic
ient
Sim
ple
pla
nt
layo
ut
ca
n
he
lp w
ith
ma
inte
na
nce
Drip
irr
iga
tio
n:
ind
ivid
ua
l
pla
nts
Co
ns
Pro
sO
ption
Irri
gati
on
Wate
r sourc
e:
•If n
on
e o
n s
ite
tru
ck it
in t
o a
te
mp
ora
ry h
old
ing
or
ha
nd
w
ate
r
Sch
ed
ule
•In
fre
qu
en
t, d
ee
p w
ate
rin
g e
nco
ura
ge
s n
ative
s.
•2-3
x in
su
mm
er
mo
nth
s
•P
lan
t in
fa
ll
Mu
lch
!
Kn
ow
yo
ur
site
.E
ach
syste
m h
as its
pla
ce
. T
hin
k a
bo
ut
mic
roto
po
ga
ph
y, slo
pe
, w
ate
r so
urc
e, ca
no
py, site
siz
e,
we
ed
co
ntr
ol ca
pa
city.
Her
bivo
ryP
rote
ctio
n
Tre
e T
ub
es
•H
elp
s t
o lim
it b
row
sin
g
•In
exp
en
siv
e
•H
ea
t (+
/-)
•S
olid
type c
an
CO
2a
nd
mo
istu
re a
nd
dia
me
ter
is
ad
justa
ble
•E
nco
ura
ge
s p
lan
ts to
g
row
up
mo
re t
ha
n o
ut
•S
ho
uld
use
a s
take
•S
ecu
re t
o t
he
gro
un
d
Her
bivo
ryP
rote
ctio
n
Bird
-exclu
sio
n s
yste
ms
•M
eta
l p
osts
/ca
ble
wire
de
sig
n is le
ss c
ostly to
ma
inta
in b
ut
ne
ed
s t
o b
e
tig
hte
ne
d a
t le
ast
an
nu
ally
. U
su
ally
de
sig
ne
d f
or
larg
er
bird
s
•P
lastic b
ase
d s
yste
ms
difficu
lt to
ma
inta
in b
ut
co
ntr
ol fo
r sm
alle
r b
ird
s
Her
bivo
ryP
rote
ctio
n
Oth
er
he
rbiv
ory
ide
as
•P
lan
t d
en
se
ly a
ssu
min
g
so
me
lo
ss
•P
lan
t liv
e-s
take
s in
b
un
dle
s
•C
he
mic
al co
ntr
ol
•E
merg
ents
: P
lant seed
inste
ad o
f sto
ck.
Pla
ntin
g to
mak
e m
aint
aini
ng e
asie
r
Pla
nt la
yo
ut ca
n h
ave
a s
ign
ific
an
t a
ffe
ct o
n y
ou
r m
ain
ten
an
ce
op
tio
ns.
He
re a
re s
om
ee
xa
mp
les:
•R
ow
Cro
pp
ing
–P
lant in
long r
ow
s: T
he a
esth
etic fear
may m
ay
dis
ap
pe
ar.
D
ive
rsity h
ap
pe
ns. (
larg
er
site
s)
•L
arg
e s
hru
b c
luste
rs o
r, “
mu
ffin
ca
ps”
–C
luste
rs la
rge
r th
an
8(?
) cre
ate
th
eir o
wn
m
icro
clim
ate
s, co
mp
ete
be
tte
r a
ga
inst w
ee
ds a
nd
ca
n
be
bro
wse
pro
tecto
rs
•P
ole
-sta
nd
exclu
sio
n
–T
he
Me
ga
-clu
ste
r: fa
st g
row
ing
, p
rovid
es s
ha
de
fo
r w
ee
d c
on
tro
l a
nd
th
e p
lan
tin
g p
ha
se
•P
lan
t d
en
se
.
Long
ter
m-s
ite
stew
ards
hip:
Wee
d co
ntro
l and
pla
nt c
are
•W
ho
?
–N
eig
hb
or
vo
lun
tee
r: e
g. S
PU
’sC
ree
k S
tew
ard
p
rog
ram
.
•P
ros:
–In
exp
en
siv
e.
Ma
y n
ee
d r
eq
uire
on
ly s
om
e
co
ord
ina
tio
n a
nd
a f
ew
lo
an
ed
to
ols
.
–A
site
ne
igh
bo
r h
as m
ore
dire
ct
an
d f
req
ue
nt
conta
ct w
ith the s
ite
–M
igh
t ta
ke
on
e p
ers
on
5 h
ou
rs p
er
mo
nth
or…
•C
on: It m
ight be to b
ig o
f a s
ite a
nd r
equire…
–S
ch
ed
ule
d C
rew
:
•P
ros:
Pre
dic
tab
le,
ca
n h
an
dle
a la
rge
site
, ca
n
brin
g in
ou
tsid
e w
ate
r, to
ols
an
d e
xp
ert
ise
.
•C
on
: C
an
be
exp
en
siv
e.
Are
we
done
yet
?
If th
e g
oa
l is
to
cre
ate
a s
ite
th
at “p
ractica
lly”
ma
inta
ins
itse
lf in
to p
erp
etu
ity,
it s
ho
uld
be
un
de
rsto
od
th
at
it w
ill
co
ntin
ua
lly b
e s
ub
jecte
d t
o o
ff-s
ite
, a
nd
po
ssib
ly o
n-s
ite
,
influ
en
ce
s.
Th
ese
ma
y in
clu
de
: in
va
siv
e s
ee
d a
nd
/or
ve
ge
tative
sp
raw
l, c
ha
ng
es in
hyd
rolo
gy a
nd
/or
clim
ate
, a
nd
ch
an
ge
s in
hu
ma
n u
se
.
Mo
st
site
s t
he
refo
re w
ill r
eq
uire
so
me
le
ve
l o
f ste
wa
rdsh
ip
into
th
e d
ista
nt fu
ture
. A
s r
esto
ratio
nis
ts, w
e s
ho
uld
ask
ou
rse
lve
s t
o w
ha
t le
ve
l o
f su
sta
ine
d e
ffo
rt d
o w
e s
triv
e?
The
Hop
e
Th
e h
op
e is t
ha
t w
e c
on
tin
ue
to
sh
are
an
d le
arn
an
d
be
co
me
be
tte
r in
de
sig
nin
g a
nd
in
sta
llin
g s
o t
ha
t th
e
esta
blis
hm
en
t p
erio
d is s
ucce
ssfu
l, a
nd
lo
ng
te
rm
ma
inte
na
nce
is e
asy.
Th
is is a
n im
me
nse
ch
alle
ng
e. If w
e c
an
fig
ure
ou
t h
ow
to r
esto
re a
na
tura
l syste
m,
we
ca
n f
igu
re o
ut
an
yth
ing
.
Go
od
lu
ck!!
CO
NT
AC
T I
NFO
RM
AT
ION
•P
au
l C
ere
gh
ino
, N
OA
A R
esto
ratio
n C
en
ter
Pa
ul.R
.Ce
reg
hin
o@
no
aa
.go
v,
20
6-5
26
-46
70
•S
usa
n B
uis
, W
SD
OT
bu
iss@
wsd
ot.
wa
.go
v, 3
60
-70
5-7
25
0
•B
ob
Ke
ller,
Ea
rth
Co
rps
bo
b@
ea
rth
co
rps.o
rg,
20
6-3
22
-92
96
ext.
22
3
•D
ya
nn
eS
he
ldo
n, S
he
ldo
n &
Asso
cia
tes
20
6-5
22
-12
14
, e
xt.
14
: S
ea
ttle
36
0-5
79
-10
09