RHODE ISLANDHISTORY

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VO L . 25 . x o . ., ( )<..: T O RE R , 196fi

PURLlSIIf:D Ill' T il E RII ODE I SL\ND IlI STO IO C;\l. SOC I ET Yrn·T" .TW O "OWER ST RF. ET. I'RO\'lD.E....-CF., RHonE ISI.\" ll (l~"(l6

II.....~_~ C. B.n_', ....... ,,, ,,e,./....~. L " , ~ ,.• ,_n .J.-....",• ••

Cu. ..."

1 k. la ... . IJue 1I"'~, ,,t>l .~~. " " . •,, ~ ...,. u " " u. ,.ItJu,',~' ,k, ,'.I,~,,.., M /k, ~I',.i~", ~I , ... ,,,hl"r<.

I ss U ED QU.AllTERU· s r PROViDENCE . RUODE I SU .'I'D

(S u ond·d au poIlal;' paid al P, o"idUllt . R hod, I i/and)

J".~IlLE OF C:OSTESn

RHODE ISLANDHISTORY

YO !.. :!.'> ()( " 1O ilE R, I"hh :\"0. ~

\UJ.K I ~S l 'I'DIKI-: 10 S.\ R.\ H III :U::\' WHIT \I.\ :\' :

T WO :\,E W I.E1TER;-,

h~ .\ h 'in R" " 'nfl' ld

-I H t_ ~'n' \l ~ .·. W I·O It T : \ Bit IT.,," \' If,W , 18h,1 110

.odilt·d ""i, h an inuod"nion b~ Fu nl j . M,·,1i

" t,Tl It Em..'· ' Rfl'ORT Of Til'. P ItOCf_f_I>I'<C S O f till

R H O".' I ~ l- _\ ...-r ' G'...-t.R.\I...\ S ' • .\( IIl-Y, 1787-17t)(J 11 7

b,' Ir win II . Pol i~hook

[f ont inu"u Ieem j " ly, 1'16." Y. 2~, no. 3, in.id~ hark rovrr ]

;.;~W \ I'·.MIl" '" . BM k Co-'rr

CO VE Rc.,,,\·u. B t: ST Of ,,1I l-T O'<

" lk,uuif"J i",,,'l' " ,.....,- , uilablr fnr b"ok or cloc k ras... .. of Amn iran ma nu·fa"lu,, ' . . Ill") hr "" 'n ;'1 the prinl,'r;": .0 read an "dvrrli. rnwnl in Ih .. •""'!l'P"".lfor"'l' of ..\ u...u. 1 6. 1766 . II i. in tr rr"i"l{ 10 'p<'"ru1a tr on th i, a . i l i. unlikr l,'in Ihi< prri"d it ,,'f..rrrd 10 painrines ;';0 lnown Rhod .. Isla nd cre tarv 0' cloc k..a_... i. In. ,wn with .."n,,-d "im"gn_ " Thr u of .u..h figur i. !"I"rotl;niz..d inI'b il"d..lphi" and \ Ia ......hu sett • • and th"l"I" ar "prrlali\-.. rump1es from Ih.....'lal'" . howi nll such (orn:u m·nt a tion. Thi. hun of \l ilt on "'". oril{inall)- parI ofIh, · j oh n Brown Ho" ..--, and hal desc..nd..d in Ih.. family .in~.. it was re mov..d inIh, ' ..ark ninn",'nlh ~"",ury . It .....a. prob"hlr " ... d un Ih.. p<-d"'lal .urmou nlin "l'lh, ' rnanl,", ur oIoorw"y . It loob 1",rf ..(\ ly 01 1 hOlllr lh ,·r... It hi.. hr" n :l,nihrd toSimio" Skillin uf B" ' l" '" h", a ~oJ1lp"rbon of th.. M il ton wilh "nolh ... \t ilt on",l"rnilll{ a "' nrl;\r ~ in Ih,' llt'w rl l lI i,tori,",,! So\-i"l y (a nd credited 10 Ski llin I"Ho" ...r Ea ton K.....,. in Ihr .\ p ,i l. 1'1:13 .tol/iq ....s l , how••" o.I,,", ia l d iff..r..n..nSkill in'< f.,.-... ar~ squ ari sh in form , and ,hi, i. " " "" anl{ul.. t : Skillin "..-. a Ratlow... r ...·l id an d <Iroll"t"h ar..hrd "l ..hrow., ",·hll .. ,hi. hao ..urv..d r\-..Iid. and amor .. normal ..,,·h row: " nd lh ..rr appran 10 lw- mOU' mod d inlt in Ih.. l ac.. n ru~·

lun ' Ih"n in Skillin ' , '\l>tk_ For c th ..r 'hli"i,- n·".on. chi. h", t d O("s nOl appra r10 h,· .,· I.,to·d In rbe wook of olh... k"own' ,';In,, 'r,. ahho1lgh Ih i. i. a di ffic"lt firld10 ro''' ';or~h _ -I III" Ii.non' ,-ani.., I"" ·" " " ,,hh · II... 0, ilt'inal l-'"I)l'hroll '" drt'u ral ion,II "pl....lr. 10 I" , al 1" ."1 a< ti, ,.. i ll '-I""l i" a , "'kill in ', " o rk. and ;n ....m.. dr lail ,prrb.,p' <"pn i"•• .lnd i. 1" 01,,,1,[, Ih.. ,,"urk of so"," iU \"1 unnlrbut..d arti ... nof Ih.. :\".'" E,,~ l.l[ld .,/<-,,- H. ·idlt : 8 't W Colln, i.. " of \ If . a nd \I ..... H..nn_\. I.. Brown, If ,om "lh .. Joh .. 8 , 0/J" 11""" l..ntU t:dibilio .. 0/ R hodt' IJla" dF ..'n;I",...l

\\'1l . IU "'- ~ l ' ,•ll lJa _ TO S.\" .\1/ H e i. e v " ' lI tT M " C

Two ~n\ L.'TT~ K ' . '.,I" ,\'_\'1"'- RO~'."'-HlI'

Ik l' a rlmr nl nf Enllli,h. Brown lIni",·,.,.it)

TII F_ .\IOST " A \ lOli" I. IT~:R""R Y IHl~IA"'CI: that C\'tT look plan ' inl' rovid cno-. Rhod e l -Jand . wa-, undoubtedly thnt hl.'lWt'Ctl Poe andSarah H ck-n \\· h it m a n . Their ~Ior~ ha-, 1)('('11 told OWT and O\('T

h\ I )I K~ '-(-holaf'i and ha- been dC;11t wit h extnbi\('I~ in Caroline

T il knor':, h ioJ.:nphy. POI··_I llrlcn ( 19 11) ) . wh ich I-"!lla ins a len gth vexami nation of (\11' whoh- l'oe-\\'hitlT1;l1l rcl.uion-hip. Yet th erutua nrr- rem a in- sOTl\cthin!.:" of a 1l1~"tcr~, "') m ur h "' l th a t Art hurIl olN >Il (luinn, author of liw dcfiniuve hil'l.!raph~ t,f l'Ot', ha-, rnlh-dPOt·'" rr-latjon-hip to \ If". W hilm a n -til l "one " f lilt' m....' difficultfor;1 bioura phcr to ma kr- rb-a r."

. \ ~a i l1 ~1 t hi" luu kuround it .,-(·l'm " tha t ,111\ nrw infonu.nion t hat'l ll l H'~ tu IIghl ill\"oh-i ng Sarah Hek-n \,'hill11all takes '111 ad dedin n-n-vt , If w hat i~ di sro \( 'Tr-d ha- ill all ~ \\<I~ In do with a r"ma nlt',lilt' intere-t -eCIl1~ n.uurullv to inr-rea-e-. "lhi-, i-, sllTd~ t h r- I a-c with1\\0 h-ner-, recentf acquired h~ T Ill' RIlIK!t.' [eland lI i~torira l S.xit·t ~

and prinu-d here for the fif'it nnu-.w rin cn h~ W ilkin' Updik e to Sara h Hek-u whiunan in IH--l-6 and

IIH7, the h-ucr-, precede by only a sho rt time Ih l' fam oll" kUlTs

t hai 1'0..' WTotc' t tl \I f". Wh ilman . From kiln " in the Harri-, Colkr­tion at Bn '\\ 11 l;lli\l'f"i t~ il i-, dea r that Updike kne-w \ If". W hillll<t llat ka~t a-, I'arl~ a-, IH-lj and a" la ic as UFd. T h e dalt.'" uve-rlap, ill

pa rt. t he !)I' ril"" \\ hen 1', )1' \\ ; I~ ,·ourtilll.! .\ 1r-. \ , ' hi tm a n a nd ma ll' Iht ·

\\\0 nu-n rivals (If ;1 "o n . TI ll' oonpari-« .u, wh ich i...- im-virablc. i...­

bound to favor I'l >l·. for a111 l111,l:(' \1 1"'" \"h itman \ ",-'\era l ~lli tor" nom'

l. \ rl bu r It " h<on lJuinn. F.d ~ fH .H/n. Po..: .~ C: '; Ii~QI lJi" c" ,ph.l. ~rw YOlk :_-\I' plo- I' 'n, C"nl"'" ·Crof... Inc. 1''-t 1 • p . ';72.

"7

Il 'ilki,u I '/ull l-"Io SIl'flh 111'1,." W hit mall I{); tl,h..., El lifi] W ifk- ,Tl l l'/,dikr to SaTah 11 1'10 1 W hitman

\\ a ~ ....1 hri lliantlv artic ulate in n lllfc"" in t,: hi-, Ion' fllr the I'w , idc'lUTp"'t· tn.~ ii' wa-, hr-. I·IM··.. h-ue-.... to her an' w ritten in iI lim.I::U 'I/.:t" ~ I

, 'mll i ionall ~ ~trol1J.: th at U pdike'... fir mo ..l a n ~ ollt· c1'ol ' \ . mu..t palloht'fon' tlwlll . Thai i.. 1101. lnrwevr-r-, to o.ndcmu U pdi kl'\ letur.... a"

-a-cund-ratc or 10 di..rui.... them it' u-e-h- (hlt' lil t ...... i lll pl ~ n-ad t hemin ot h"r h ' r111" a nd for othn inn-re- t In dnin.1:: "'1 . l · pd ike·.. kilt· ....ta ke nn an imp"nancr- all tlu-ir 11\\ 11 ,lnti IMTI,mt' \ aluable dlM-lllllt'nt ..I,f t hc' t ime and pial t- in \\ hit -h the~ \\ r-rr- \ \ ritt r-n .

Tlu- HOIl. \\' i lk it1 ~ U pd ike \\ i1 ~ horn J 'llllla r ~ B. 17M . in :\nrthK i n _l::~t fl\\ n . Rhode ld.md. Ilw ~01111 .g-e..t o f eleven c hild ren born ttlLo d owick and .-\ b iJ.:a il (Ga rd ner} Updike. Like ho th hi.. fat he-r andgra ndfathe r before him. \rilk in" l ' pd ike "a" prominent .." a la .... ~erin th e ..tal c and rOT man~ ~('a r-, " a" a lead ing me mber fit t he Rhode[ela nd (;('n<'ral.-\"-"l'mh l ~ . H e wa" .u'tiv'r- in Iq :d"l<lting for rdorms inIh(' p ublic schoo ,", and wa.. a l'ol ) in-trumcutal in hrin.ging a bo ut t hc '~I arr;cd Wom a n' " .\ t'! . In addition . he \\a~ 'Ill a ut hor. pubf ..hinc.It ,,,,win of lh. ' R hodr I I/and Bar in 1842 and a lIillo, .\' of Ihi' J-:pil­(" opal Chllr("h In XaTTt/!!tHUI'lI. Hhml r 1111/1/(1. in I1H7 . Both hl MJk ~

a re \ 'a lua ble a nd now \T ry ran'.U pdilt· ma rri n l ,\ hhy A Wat"l'1l O il Sl'ptt'll1IM' r 3 1. I flO~ I . T ilt"

li\t'd mo"l of th t'ir married lifl' in :'\"orth K in ~..t(l.... n a nd f<\.in~l(ln .

R ho<!,' "'la nd . \.hl'n' the~ hrou~ht up t\\l'"he {"hi ldn.·n . lla nil'"1. Ih" ird ,·\ent h. i" IlKnt iom'd in t h,' kttn 10 ~I T" . \ r h itm a n of J anllar~ 5,l R4 7. W ilkin.. Upd ikl' d il'd a t h i" hom(" in f<\.in g"llIl1 on J a nlla r y 14.11167. H i.. ...ift· had pn·("t'dn l him in dea lh hy m allY y(',\1.....

upd ike \\<1" Te"pntn! a" a Iaw ~ n and apparell t l~ we ll-likl'l.! a.. aman. L' pon hi.. dt'alh thl' (;l'lInal . \""l·mh l ~ i""Ut'd thl'" follo\\in .1::l"l'""lJ lutio ll" :

R,",oh-I'd , T ha I \\" Ij""in ' I" ill'ITilll' 11 1'''11 till' 1"1 " -01'<1 '01lU' lIi'·IIIO·. i;,l o( OU I rr..!MTt (or this "Id L" hinlwd ,I::"11t11"111an. thi" \'igl' rnmalld how·"t Iq::i, l.ltnr. Ihi.. h'''l'it;lhlt, ;lIId wal1ll-hl'alt,·d citill 'lI.

Rt,,,,,IH·d. T h;u in till' dn 'I'a 'ol ' of l ion . Wilkin" l ·l'dikl". 11;1.. pil,,<ot 'da \\ ;)\ f rom "anll ;11 1I1,...t tht' Ia", or a g" !ll'ra tio l\ flf Inw Rhodl'(, b lld 1IU'1l . worth y "r 'Hll n '''IJ<Tt alll i illlitatioll ill ti ll' wa H,,, ofpri\' ;III' and pllhlil ' lifl- . ~

.\ 11 , 'nl::Ta\'in~ of l ' !Ml ikt' ill T h.' lIiJtoTy of th. ' Stalt' of /l hodt'

~Q"o"'d in 'I II, ll i . ,O' )' of III, SI"/t of Hllod , Id ,,,. d ""d P, o" id , ,,u P/" ..ftf­li, m'. I \·. :.;, .... YOI l : T h,' ,\ lIwric31l Ili..." ical Sod rl ) , I nc ( 1920 1, p . 137.

11/i", tl lind PTm ·idrTl a I'/l"" " ,i",,, I!I :!O) ..ho .... .. h im ttl haw be -r-n

a n impre....iH·I ~ large man . "tron g in character but obviou-lv genial.H e has 1)(," 11 de-cri bed iI " havitu; had " a rad ia nt fact' . sU,l:gt'..t ive of« n-nztb a nd t'n jO\lllt·I1I. .. . ln wh.ucvcr compa ny .\lr. U pdi ke wa".Ill' \.a" a ( n un of attrac-non , 1I0t IMTiUN' tit'" a-eertcd him..df. hutlM'('au-e IIC' wa .. alive in e-verv part of hi.. nature. He cnjovcd him-e-ll.and "1.1 \\ ,1 " a "' ,u rn' ur j tl~ ttl ,,11 around him. He luvcd to eat antidrink and Ia u~h a nd work." "

T hi.. Ia"t de"lriptiotJ . Tt'\Tillin L: U pd ikl' as a liv e-lv a nti \' i g(lroll~

1l1 ~ III , i" IMlm t· 0111 ill h i.. kiter m ~( f" , W hitma ll o r J anuilr ~ ':1. 184 7.whe-rein hI' promi-e-, 10 "d ea r 0 111" 'Ill ~ of her "uitof" who ma~ lx­..upplaminc him in t he lad ~ '-' Inver ihi- . ont' <hould keep in mind.at tht ' ag-t· of ..ixtv- tbrcv! Addi tional k-tte ..... of h is. no\\ in tilt' H nrr i..Colk-crion, show tha t IU' was il !x' r;i "tt'llt ..uitor for ;"11-'; . \ \ ' h itm a n 'sha nd for at lea..t I'i!::'ht \l'a r; and pmhablv long-I'T. It i.. unc crtaiu\\ her he r ..hI' evt-r v i..ited \\ ith him and hi.. c hildren at the homeste-adin K ing-u .n . hut thl'~ rertaiulv nu-t [requeutb , in Pmvidcur e-. How­t·\"I'r. ~I Th . \, 'h ilnu ll IIt·\'t·r an "pled hi lll. a nd Ilt' re mainl'd a .... id, ,Wt·r .iI" ~hl' a widow . un ti l t ill' n ld .

C pd ikt·... two k llt'T" 10 \I T". Wh itm a n n' w a l him in hi" I'ink offric<ntb. lIIan ~ of whullI \\t'n' amon e: the lilt"I prmnillt'llt me"n inRhod t' (..land illlht' ti lll('. In hi.. kltl'T of J UlU' :!li. IKHi. lit' i.. \\Titingto ~ I T" . W hitm a n ..IMllIt IIIl' p"O(·I1t1 on~ ll1o u ..l ~ pu hli..llt'd /' l/nit/l·11.a Ix,ok th'l l wa .. ITl'ati ng "ollH'thi nL: of a ..(ir Illl'n. In rl'f I'n'l1I (. to tl1l'i d l' ll lit~ or li lt' book '" author Ill' o lft' .... IlI'r ti lt' opi nion~ of hi.. fr il' lHk"hu lu rn tlllt to ind ud t' Frand.. \'·a ~ la lld . Rm. b nd (; iINlll H ;l/ a n l.prort' ~'ol l r Romc'o EltoJl. He n~ lbmartl . a nd .....·\ ('fill Rhod t· "'IamljUtI~t''', t ilt' III ll"t 11l,to: \\tlr1 h~ "f \\holll ill t hc' prc'''t"llt n.lIIl'xt i" J ud t::t·Durft·(·. T hl' hea rt of intn t'''1 in th e kttt'l" of JUlll' :I t; i" of a litn a l Ynalurl', il1\'llki n~ tht' m~ "1tT~ tlf th l' /'lIl1 i,l" Il. ;u lil ill t h i.. {"onn c·, I;onIl urtn ' IM·t'o nlt'~ all imporlant.

jo,h )lur fe"t' ( 1 7 ~ IO- 1 K4 7) wa " promillt'lll ,I" it n 'pn-"':'ntali\t' lolh....liltC· k~i"ttl un' . ~ I" a 1II1' IIIIM'r of t lJ(' Rhode 1..f; II1 t1 COlIgn ·..... ;111.1 .1". hid jU"lin ' o f till' Sta ll' Su pn' l1l t' Court . but in l ' !x like\ It'l leT" \ \l'

II1 t'c't h im lhil'lh a" a n a UlhoT. III Iht' kiln of JUIl(' ~.w L:1>t:I ;kt' allutlt·..10 J)urft'c" ~ " Phi )k la C;tpa ~ , i"J O ration." Enl itlc'd "T hl' IlIllu" lIITclf s,il-milk () i.... o\ n~ ; lI\J In\l'lllion 011 Sociill ;lIu l Politit ';11 I' ro~­

n·......· Ih i...... ;1..ddin'n'd h \ Durin ' hc' fon ' Iht' I'h i lk til Ka pl M ;-'(M ' i" t~

:1I1,i<1, . 1'1' . 1·\7· :1tl

100 ll ' i/h l1 1 ( ·" dil. ,· t il Sl/fIlh 11.'/" 11 lI 'hi l mllIl I ~ l/ili ] 101

(If Browll Un i\( '",it ~ o n '(Ill111 Wnn'!lH'1I 1 d a y, S"ptt'1I1hn Ii. IIH- \.Updik e (';111, o u r a tte nt ion 10 Il u rk ,' a , a ll author for ;l -ccond timein the kiter n f jauua rv :1. l B-n, where. h\ implication , he refers toJ ob Durfee', Discourse o n Ih l" "Rhode-Ldand Idea "f Govem rnrnt ."delivered at the- annual rm...·li llg of T Ilt" Rhod e l -Iand H i"to ri\ alSo ,·i,,,t \ . J an ua ry I:1. IR4-7. Hilt il i'" L' ptl i" ," '" at tention to t he I" /Ili,/""th at make D urf,'" mn... t inl"f('''l ing a -, a n aut ho r.

TIlt" 1'11 11;' /1'" . publi-hed in 1Rt6 under Ihl' [N"1It1 0 11\ 111 "Th.-opu-s."wa~ J ull I>lIrf, ',·\ Illml a mhit iou-, book a nd Illltlo llhl n lh h i... IllO,1im portun r. Thom a", D urfee . whu edit ed hi" father's (,'01 111"1' (" II ; ' I ~ I"

( IB4") . th o ugh t it "t hr- g rt'a l work cof hi-, lift" tilt' nuch-u-, " f h i,"'p'Tu!;l tinll'" t hroueh mn nv vcar-, anti Ih,' ba-i-, IIf hi , fame ;\ ~ athin ker ."

1111' hoo k i-, a n involved ruct oph v-iral m-ari-e. not un like ol ht' rsof th,' pe riod in it-, p' ",il in g of a pure o r ab-olute rea-on. whi ch J ohD urfee r nll-, "an Omnipre-cm Rea-on,. a nd ft Illsilk", a", "the Creatjveami S U~la iJli n .g Lo gos.' · Like rm»t ' tmlil·... of its kind in the n ineteenthcen t u ry. the bo ok "'em" to o w,' a heavv dehl to Colt-r id ,!!;e . I t... inc-rip­lio n j" from \ \'ord~wort h \ "Linr Cot1l po .... -d a Few ~ ril(·" a ho\"("Tintl'nl Ablx'Y" a nd i'" pt' rha p' more hd pflll ,t ill in iden tifyin.1.!" t heim m"diale parrnt o f the WI n k . Tht" .....·\T1l " haptc '" o f the I' an;d.·acan" in fa rt . lx~ read a, a n a ll " m pl 10 fnnn ulah," in p ro....... Ihe \\or.. im,""o f Ihat W o rd , wo rt h ia n " "piri l. t h;t1 imp"I" .\ lI lhi n" ing thin~ -

all oh j'Tt'" o f a ll tho ught . .\ nd 11.11" Ih roll l!;h ;111 Ih illl.,": '- l ill' ·";qll ot c'd h~ Durf,'I' Oil Ihe t itl,' p;l.ge o f hi'" INN.k.

:\, Upd ik<~'s ktl 'T of Jlltlt· :!l; n',eal~ , till" Pall i ,J,'1I amlN'd .C,Tt·a lilltn ,·,t ,UTlong ITrta ill of th,' litnal i in I' rO\-idell l"(, a nd B""IOIl , hu ttht" tltlllk wa~ ,genera lly nOI \\ ell rt'f1' iwd, Pn ha p" 1l11 l fe\' 's Ik ,'i"io llto puhl i"h 1N." II t1onY llllI ll"'l ~ wa, a n 'sult of fo rt""('I' in g t hi , . In an \ (';.......a~ i" d ,'a r fWIll t "pt1i"e's kll,' r , Ill' h t P" "p1t' im nwd ia ldy "n,\\ il 10

Ix· h i ~ . .\1", . \ \"h itm a ll wa~ all n('(·ptillll . Ih ink ing it the work IIr anuniden lified "'ge ntlem a n in B, ,, tnn: ' \\h ilt- C pd ik,' ...·em" til h,,\'!"",I\'('fed b,: t\\t 'C1l ;lck nllwlcdging- Du rfl'" a, t ht' a Ulhor a nti n ol.

D urfee h illN ,[f .",'t·Ill" to ha n ' \' n jn yt'd til(' J,:IH',,, ing ga me and I'IH Oll l" ­at';ed it ,lIli \'t"h fro lll hdli ntl h i, ()Il l~ hal f-h idd e n ' 1I 1 1 111~ lll i l \. 111 hi ,leW'r to t ' ptl ike of JUlU' :!:!, IB4!i. p rin t('d hITt' \\ il h th,' kind p" lm i,­"ion "f t ilt' H Mri, Col k nio n . \\ e find him pl<l\ fu lh dt"Tl\ing allknmdl'dt,:t' of tl1l" ;u tlh"",hi p of li lt' IN",I,; \\hik a t th.. ~.llll'· tilll<' hI" i,

" h" i" lI"h 111l " ~ d i"t rih ill in g- ('Ilpi,'" 10 h i" rnan ~ Iru-nd-."lhe 1'l/lI id,'11 w,, ~ IIlHpw"l illll;lh ly th e I cnu-r " f a tt l' l1 lion ,1111011).;

;\"w En.l.:l. l11 d in u"lIn l lla l" for a rinu-, but it-, popll lui l ~ \\ iI " not In1;\,,1. Thoma- , Durft"" , ill iI rl'\e;llin).; ·' .\ Inn"ir·· ;100111 h i" [at her.

acrounted fo r it -, I"d , 'I f .ca illill.l.:: iI more flt:rm a llt"lH !'Ut! ,""" part iall yto the timc-. w hich w e-re- uor n-r r-pt ivr-, and pa rtial lv In the ht.... ,..·"0\, II ha"i \' d itliruhie- :

II" pllhli" ,lIinn aml """'ption {nITH;1 "tl il.. inJ,: l'tllllll ll'ni II p'lIl rlu­inldl" l"tllal d lal'ar h'! " f th.. ,Ig" , l h worrh. orig:i na lity. a nd rr-arlrof Ihou g: ht \\1"1'" af k llow l ,'d~" d : hut Itw ' ublilll1' rnysllTy, how till'In fi nin () Il t' is involved "\n ywfwn ' ill lilt' tillit" many. sr-r-nn-dout of 1'1<.. ,. a nd old -fachuuu-d a, lilt' rhcuu- of a hook . in (h i" ag"of IIU\ "!'''. 1)L·riod i\'a". and liuht n-adine . ...hen, Iii... ,I I':' ruh.Iholl \.! hl "'...-mc , .nl~ 'pi nnilll.! i t-, 0 \ \11 sep uk hn-.. . . T o 111(\'1 1I lf'1I

it- \...~ lillt '-pacy i' ;\ (;ot1!:on', head. Tl wy an' cur t- tlMI llnt hill \.!hut innd ,·lil\'. mY'li, 'i'm. or Ir'III" I"1}(kll l,l1 l'"ul.., , an huk undosuch ha rd nanu-s. TI J(" n ilie" ;l\·" id il 1I11n ly, It, solid logi,' cannot1)(' volarizr-d into a popu lar re-vir-w , and -urh only do Ihey fe-r-lIhl ' l1 l ~, ' h-," calb-dupon 10 II rin-. So un," it fan ' with 1l 1" l a ph y~in

in th i, ninl·1t '('nt h t"l' lllury it d' II', not hl"nd alld 110\\ Oll withlIlt' g-t'll l'f a l , tH';llll, hUI 10 llwn '- (alll ·i,'" i, ;l ma d,t n >!ll. with\-01litT" \\ hirl ine: ,Ind "Kkine: il!' \i ' lim" dOI\ n (" ' lIfli l ;Ulcl 11I'lIom ­I...., d,..,p' _

So m ll( h for ThonM' Durfee'" illd irt mel ll of Ihe 'u.:c HI' i" ;11""fa ir (' l lOu ~h . hO\\t"\Tr . to n 'l ogni/,t' Ih,' d ilfinl!lit·" ami pO"'i hk , ho rt­"omi ng, o f t lw h' lI ,k iN'If, a nl! it will d o \\('11 10 q uol e h im agai n 0 11

Ih," " a'pe('ts of 1/11' I'I/ nid,'a:RUI. alt hou gh tlw h" ok i, w..ittt 'l l wilh d ah'lIah' prt'l' i ~ioll . il 1II11,thi' ad llliu"d Ihal 11ll" ohj ",·tioll' (0 il a n ' nOI wilholll ,'au<.{ ·.(:o leritlg, ·. 'IN·akin\.! o( .111 '''''S.ly hy Chari.... L llnh . wri ll" n IIINln <l

mall \dlll Ii\"l -d in pa't l illl<' ....lid Iha l ht· " IKt· tholl!:ht o ( .Id d in\.!10 il a'l ''''-';1\' 011 a mall who d id 1I0t lin ' ill l ill1l'at al l, hUI n n,' , id,'nf il. 01 ,ollah·rally . If ' lidl a pn"' \fl "hou ld fan , y to " ..ii" 1111"1<1 ­phy, i" . hi , 'y'tn ll would 1"'111<11" H'''u lt ill ;l I'ani,k a . Tl lt'llpl' ".-l in " t' hilll, t·lf wholly "f 11 ll' It·bt ion' o f lilllt" alld 'pa n '. "I 1';1tht·l .n 'l ili llg " lllird y frolll IIIl' wo rld of ti lt' " ·IIM " . \" i,'\\s tlWI1l a~ t!H'Y('xi,t in ti l'" I'u n ' K,·a",'n. BUI Ihi, i ~ 1101 al l. 1](' " "Juin" ti lt' J'< 'adt'l10 n 't in ' \\ illt him, ;lIId, in thi , l'lll!'Y I('an ,,( na l,; , '(1 ..1"lr;\l"Iioll ' ,In (0110 \\ o UI h i~ "',I""lillg- ' \\ ilh ·a n ·t'lY ;I "'n"llOll' illla!:,' t tl

a",i' l II", "1'!,rdlt"l"i"" nf t1wi, I,,,.:i,· TI 1I" mi nd i, 1I 11.lid, ..1hy

Ill:! 1O : ~

18-16

" 11I\\a rd l ypt·~ . T he rOIl"" f]lwlln' i. that, eve-n whe-n rln- "'("111 i.Illldel\tund . it Ii,'" 'ill far (llli of all ordinarv t'''I"'ri"IltT Ih;11 iln-qui n-.. all dfort 10 !"('.llilt· II... ,tat,· of mind nl'n " "'lT ~ In di'lll"il. .md an effort of vurh ......n Ik.t ,,"1~ 'o(holar_ and Ihinl'T_ will1'\,. , I"., likr-lv 10 makr- it. '

Ullfortll nOlld ~ fur J oll (l urf.',' '''· Panidca, IIIl." "'0( hol.u-, andrhi n kcr-,' wne never forthulm i ll ~ . and thr- hoo k h a- , IIn ' lI for~"tt(,lI .

It " l1 jn~t'd a -ho rt- livcd popll l ;l ril ~ durin g: its own d ay. whnr- ildnuhlk.... miuht han ' ha d <;( '111{' measure of in fhn-ncc 0 11 ~nUI1~ think­rrv amd \\ril('rs, h UI in our-, it h.e, I)(" 'n unk nown " nt irrl ~ .

Updike's kiln of January :1. ISH7. is also of l i t CTa r~ inn-n-st a ndreca ll.. an other popula r honk of th e dav , "Davi..· R,'I·d l/lion,." l Iavi-,\\01" hailed in the " Introd uct ion: ' a.. " a ..pi rit [n-ed , hy a certainJlh ~ ..i.·a l prore........ from the nh..tru("\inp; influences of till' materialnr.l,(anilation . and exalted 10 it position whi ch gan' .1(..-....... tn aknll\\ lt·d.t{e of the whole man-rial and spir itua l Univcr-,e." H i" hook .mu- of a n u m be r in the mid- ninenvmh ct'lHury that r lainu-d to h.."" rim-n 1IIUkr"d ictation ." .\(tua ll ~ attemptr-d tn inco rporate <;(1 III II( h .t;lking a" il" rr-a lrn "tbr- \\hok man-ria l and -pimual Univer-e." Itn U I ..t have h•.'..n fa... inal ing 10 ~1 1' . \\' hitman a nd her cird ... mall~ ofwhom \""re in thc' fordrnll l of Ill(' .gt·lwr;11 spir ilu ali-.t IIlm t'lIlt'llt Ih,ltwa" t';III..in~ ..n IIIlIch f"XCi l,'Illf"1I1 Oi l li lt' t im...

.\ nd rc·..... J ack"On Da\';" ( I R :!li - I ~ II 11) . "the' Pom::hkt·.·p"i,· S....·r:·"";\ .. 0 11(" of the nu....t ce!ehrilll'd IIf th t' ' piri t ua li..I" and a ll imp.. rtantfoulltk r " f Ihe mo\ellwnt. Th.. "'JIl of ulleducated pa rellt... he \\ a"hilll'<!f a lllll....t totall ~ ullnhll ';lIt·t!. n'tTi\"i n~ onl~ ....me fi \( · m..nlh".,;{";Itl en·d ", hoolin.g. But 01 1tht· ;I/.:I' .. f '>(· \ 'el1l ..en. hI' wa" ·· IlI;I,gm·tilt·d"h~ <l II " ,;t! tailor in r()lI~hk .Tp'i, · . ont' \," illiam I,('\·in.g"'loll .•1Ilt! t lwH"" h c'r )j\(·d mlll' h of hi.. lift· in fllll ,la i.... o~ a ll(c. He d ;limnl to 1M' illfn 'q uc'lIl .... 'mmuni.·atioll wilh S" t·( ll-ll hl ,r~ . (Ill' e i~hln: ll t IH "lltur~

S..... ..di ..h m~ ..t ir. \\ ho<;(' id.·a... " ft"'l u ,l"rn ! I);\\' i "'~" riling...Th i.. i..11"1tn sa \' thaI fl,\\·i.. wa.. nol an lIr i ~i na1. howc\c r. for Ill' cn ta inh wa ...

oj partinllar inllTt·..t for u.. i.. ;ht ' lntu rc st' ri l'~ tha t D;l\ i.. .td iH rl'din ~ l ;"dl;lltan hl't\\lTIl AO\Tlllhn ~fI . 111-1.\ and J an ll ar ~ '2;'). IIH i ..-\..... i..tn l h~ Dr. S. S. 1. ~ l)n . a COll nl'ltin ll ph ~ ..i(ia l1 wh olll l) ,1\'i" hadtakl'lI a." hi.. " magnetiztT: ' a nd Ill(' Re\" . \\ 'illia lll Fi...hholl.gh . hi.." \(Til".·: · Oa\"i.. dd iH l"l'd IllOH' than a hundred and li ft ~ ..It·l tm......

t fli o' IJ ." Du. fn ·. ".\ ~1 . · I "o i , ..· ill T h, C"''' plt/r 11 ; " ~ 1 " f Ih. U"n. / ,," /1",/,., .1.1..1>.• r ..., i(!. ·nn" : C \;ldd inll;' ;,,,,1 I' ro" d ( \8 -1 <':1 ) . PI'. 19-20 .

w hile in a -tan- or Ir;lIl11·. \nwlhn or 1I0t l'pdik« or ~I f' . whitmanever " em dow n til :'\1'\\ York to w ime.... th ..<;(· performances i..un known. Ce-rtainlv th,'~ would h <1 H' n-ad about them in th e new..,pap': r-. . In anv ("<1-"':' . thn ramc to know them ill writt en Iorrn . TheR'T . Fi, hhOlu::h "a" ran-Iul to rake dO""11 (,\I'r~l hing [I avi-, Midve-rbatim and, wit h Dr. I. ~ OIl . colh-rted and publi...hed the "h-r tu re-,"

in 18·n a' T il,' r ' l1I , ipf"J 0/ .\' '' Ilm'. //0 lJil-i ,,,· Hcrelation s, and.1 10;1"1' to J / unAind . Itr ,md Th 1ou ~ 1I . tn drcu j lu AlO n Dllr ;s ­more rornmonlv kIlO\\lI ·a .. "Davi ..· Re\TI;lt ion "." Updike refers to

th e hook in a let ter now ill the H a rri s Coll t·("\ illll : " I saw ' Dnvi..·Revr-lation s' in B" ..tun, it i" a b rgt' \"0 1 1l1111' .~"" t lu- Uook -"':'II('1" informednu-, t hat he sold mam of them . I haw not n-ad it. and do nut thinktha t th ere i.. a rer p~ ill' th i.. q uarttT [Kings ton] . I ..huuld like tu rUJI itU\Tr. and will tr y to wlu-n 1 rotur- \0 Providence." T Ilt' Bo..ton"Bonk-eller" to ld him r i~h tl y . for the book wa" inmu-n se-lv popular.going th rough th irtv-four nli tions h~ IHHIi.

L pd ikc'< lette r of J an llar~ :1 i" <1 IS0 intnest i l1 ~ in its further rcvela­rions of the la r~l' .uul arlin' circle of literary [ru-nd... that he and:'1.1 .-... Whitma n had in com r nun ..Albe rt Gortoll (;nTllt·. Eli-ha R.I'olln. W illiam J. P.lh..di t·. ;lI1d J ohn J)·Wulf . no t mt'lIl iOl ll"d I"a rli...-.an' introdll("('d IWH'. T 0l:l'llwr wilh Fr am i.. W;I ~land. Ro""bnd( ; ib..o n Hala rd . ;HId otl ll·r-. cited in Cpd ikt·... k lt"f', tl ll"...· mI'll nJlll­

pr i...·d a lli'linl.::ui,lwd pa rt (,f a llollri, hing fOlll l1l lln i l~ of ... hoL!r-.;lIld "rill'f' Ih<l t l·xi' lt·(\ in I'm \"idt·n. (' at t ilt' till1l'.

T h.. l...n ..I' follm\ .

JOB IW IU EE I" WI LKI ~S l 'PDl KE (ju,,.. 22. IB-Hl):'

n "al Sir ­I h'I\T ll'ITi\" 'd \mll " '·Ild ..,i ug ..nu1C' lin.... h\ ~1I.... ' \" h illn;m"

T hn ' a n' I>.'aul iful am] 10\,'" ;I ~ till' ;nind frolll " hi. II Ihn ..minat,·,l!5ir)." j h;I\ " !"t'ad l "'IIH ,, ·tl~' I,,:fo n ·. ami ha\"" alw a~~ foultd ill 'il lite ";lIlW

;'l·pdikt· ""d",,'d ll,i, f,- lIn ill lti, lU ~l .s . Wh il tl1 ''' ' of J""" 2/" lfHli. 11 i, "0"in II ,.. H .,rri, C"ll,·",i"";l1 Itrtl.. " t ·" in·r<i l ~.

HT h.· I....·"' . ", hid, l ' p, l ik,' ....r....< I" a ~ ", o u .. (·tr " ,i"" " " .\ cJ" ", &. E,·,·: · ..." ,~h, . W hit" ,a n' , ":\ Vi, i" n " f I'," ad i,, ·." It wa, i" ,pi ,, 'cJ 1" p"i " li ,,"I" Ill· Duh"f,",," d... 1"" 'I.>I" .. i"" ,,,,d '·'I'" h ion. wltid. w... .. 1" 'i"l( ,·, ltil,il,·d i" I' w ,·id ... ,,·.. '" till'linw. ~ Ir~ . \VltiWHH, f"'1 l'"bli, l..-d tI " , pot"ttl in II... 1'"" ' i<lo ,,, / ou " " '/ " " d," tl u'~ i l( " a l " '''' " E.II:".ia·· hUI b h" ....I'"M i,h..d it in ot lt" r j .." rn;,J. ""d..r It... own n;u"...II ,,"< indud..d ill ~I " Wltil" ." ,, ', tin' \,01"",,. "f ,·olla l,·d 1'0.-1... 11" ," , "J I.if, ."nd O lh" 1'" , "1' . 1'. , ,,·hln«',' : ( ;"or ll: " II . W him... ( IS '):ll .

104 -{ ), ll ,h.: r l % h] Wilk"" r/ulik c to .\'/Ullh lid,." Ir hil mf/f/

denr h . l'a ll1l, IlH" 'll- li~h l Iwa ul\ " .1 ,I"v "f frl"'l / H/i1i 1l S,m'1II"':',in rhr- R hod l' " bud Hook i, m.nkr-d hy t lu- sa ull' ,'a" fkl\\ of \"('P,l'- av na tura l as if , Ill' brea thed it. .\ CCt' P I Illy thanks for ~'()ur

p r..wru - I sha ll pr"'OTH' it.I Il'n·in·d tit" 01llO"f da\ a I.-Ut'f from \ If E. R . )'01" '1 ' i ll \, lIid l Ill'

:?H" ',h d,afl{'" Ill" with till' .HHbu" h il' of the- p(H, i(l, a ! ~ "i,h \OU

would ,·nli~hl"'l hi m Urt'll till" , uh jn t. II ....·.·111 ' a p ilY that a mind lik"h i~ ~hHu'd be r-urhrall ..d I,y 'udl a ll nn>1. Tell him Ihat no jud J.:'· ill' '< I\l ily. 01 at COIllIllOI1 law. "",dd ,·\tT " ril" a book wirh such a t itl, ·

You ha \'!' al n-adv ln-md nu- say 'Ollll'lhillg 10 tha t dr,·"t. Lr-t 110 Oil"

t'xp " f! any JIIlT" 11t·, h-J.lld·h lood man to pk-a d .gu ilty tll surh a , h <H~I'.

T h,'ol,I,'s i, the "lll~ Iwing ,tho <'a n ple-ad guilty. and it i, ,·\"id' ·lIt From;, 11 110' ~,IY' that Iu- lin " on tilt' olhl'f vid.. of T inw and Span' ,·nt in ·lylx-~Clnd our junsdi,tiun, I lUok a k" n'pi. ... of Ih.· Ptl " iJ" tl fur privan­di-rriburion. a 'IlClll~ vuch of my fri..nd-, .1' I suppo-ed would lx- divpoe-dIt , rea d it. and IIlOl l . · all dIlllt I fur dfo l t it u-quin-c ] ttl understand it.I would han' handr-d a n 'py I " vou , had I no l ,upl'0,..d yo u tn I,,· tood'·..p ly inuncrwd ill 'lIuiqu<trian Inn' 10 1,,1\ , ' a lly n-lich for allY I'lo(hl<'­

l ion of vurh a , I.' \Ij o"Y' IX'illg a, TII, 'old, '. If I la holl'd undr-r u lui, ta ll'

I w ill uvailmvwlf o( a ll oppo rtli nilY 10 n lln·(' t it. BUI you ma y .d n·adyhavr- a ropy: if yo u han' yOIl run a l oun · ,.1\ wlu-thcr I I'l lt'd .

Bo' p l"a ...-d to 1'111 li lt' dO'HI ;" ;1 ,uh'n ih'·1 fUl a l'Up y of vour n, ''''h..n};l<- \nwll "ill it he' nul :'

w. l ' lx lil ,' E.... I' Ynur , \TI -y rt'~I)I; 'nf lllh

J o lo D UrfN'

\\ 'II.KI ;-;S l ' I' IH KE to S.\R.-\ II li EU::" \\'111'1'\1.-\:"

(Ju ,w 2ti. lil t/i )

:\ 1 ~ ) " ar Sa ra h

"t·1lI 10 X""ro't "II \ lond a\ ' & ;.lflin·d at hOIllt' thi, ;Ift n ­n'''lIl - 1 ";\,, l1o .. n.· thl'n ' Ihal I ('awd ;I n 'm ahout .- I 1Il,·nliol...d"ha t you told IIU' 10 J ud e.' I) u d t..". h, ' btlcllt 'd Iwarty. ami ....Iid. " It j,

"t fa llc" tll :l t II... I'llhlie ,hould ;11I, ilm lt· tlMt II..o l to him." 1 ('.111 (1' f" '11 1PIll \'id' ·IllT fu lly ' ali,ti..d Ihal tit.. ,n" l Ita, nOI his. ~TI ""' Ty <lll" th ;ltI h 'l\T " TIL llIll'lltl i' ota lly plOUlllllltT' il a' tIll' drll~i"l1 "f ti ll' J"d.l.: '· -I ,a" R. e. Ibz;lJd l

" a l X' ·"I'OI I. II<' " 'n, liuly a ll rilllll '" il to h illi. &" ,IS IIltuh ,urpli,,'d " h" 11 I illfo rllH"(1 h illl that you <l tuihult'd [it] ttl a):::" IIII" 'II;ln in """ 11'11 - I ll' <aid I... ",I' ftlllfid,· nl .O\I Ih.. fi"l p" lu';11Ih,ll it '''IS \I f . 1)t1 tf.·.·\ . 11,' ~.I i d \ '011 ,nul(j I\nl I.a\' · I..ad I.i, Ph i Il.: t"

Cap,l [ . i'-l " ra l i, .n .11 .I,,,l,hat if \'t'U had. ~' ''I w"ultl,u ,t 1.,1\"" tl.'uhkd

for ;1 lll(llHt ' ll l~ .\ fr . Ha za rd ' a id rhn t 1>' \\'ayla nd ' ~ tnld him t ha t

till' production lifte-d tIll' .Iud g,- ovr-r the hea ds of all till' liu-rati ofi\ . En g: la nd . !:n 'r: 01\(" roincidcs .... ith vnu that it j.. a wo rk o f su periorubilitv. hut tIll' .Iud!!f' i. tt' rr -i fi"d about it. II ., fr-arv he ..hall h. . n-pun-d a" ' VIi, - Y"ur Judcr l'it l11an'~ \"tT~ mu ch n 'cn'" that hr- i' l lit' .-\uth o.on a,C flll1l1 of public n-probation - varah. lh." J udge' i~ li lt' Au tho rl...-vond dou},!. The ,·\-j(kn'T i' ('oll..Ju,jn' '\ ( r. Bam a rtP' in forlllninu- that I )' \ \' , 'h l, ' d l! ;I\T hi m OIl<'. \\ 111"11 he wa s i ll Bo-ron. , . hen il fU'itI artu- out. a nd thaI 11l' told him it wa~ from til<' p.:n of a di..,illt:"ui,h, ·d

7"..\ J) ••~ of Illl' Ind ian Sum"",," w,,, 0'''' of sl'\"' r,,1 l" ...·m' hy ~l rl . Whitm'ln in"'h~ Uhodr I flIl nd n"oA: S~ lrd;"n J ;n P,,,u find I"",. fro", I h, II' r;/;nCI ofII h"d, 1<1""J C,f;:rn j . "d ..\nn'· C . L~nrh, Prcvidr nr e: II . Full... { 1 8 ~ I I. It ", a,tun ,-olkrt r d in 1I" " r , 0/ L if r . ,,,,J 0 111" 1'''' ''11 ( 185 1).

'·Ih.. H••n_ Elish.l R _1'"tt.... Jr . ( 18 11- 18'121 . famous "'n of a fa mous fadl,·rt:l isha R. P"lIn . li6~- 1 8:l') 1. led a d i"in'l'ui,h..d lif.. in Rhod.. h la nd ' a

I,..... ,·, . ",,·mt,,·r nf th.. Stoll .. (: ono:" ·... St-nal ... a nd Bo" .... of R..pr..... ntati ·•."'"I1"i"i"o", of I'"hl i<- Srhool•. t·a . to l(raphn. histo rian. and a" t hor. ,.\mooo: hi,"ril ini!: ' i. Ih.. Eo,l) Hi " ", ) of .\'''''0/:. ,,,,,,,1 ( 18351 . sl ill "o n,id....-d a \'3 Iua" l0­"", l ,

"Tll r IIj" " , .1' of Ih, f:p ;u opnl Ch" . rh in .\' ""ocno " ll. Uhodr I ,/ " nd , :,\,'''' Y"rl :11 ~I.() nd ('l d"" k ( IB47 ) .

I"R, ....land Cih,on 11"," rd ( 180 1_11lIlfl l , manuf", ·turH, fin"nd,·r. philanlhro·pi ,t , r i" i,- Io-"d,·r. and a ulho•. was .. 0 ... of ,h. , most prominrnt lIlt'tl in Rhod,· Isl anddu rin Ii;' II,,· m i,ld l,' and la" '-r pa rt of Ih.. nin" I' ...nlh r""I Ilry. .\molll( a brli;''' n"",·t.... of impor l.u, t ,.ffj,''''' Iha l h.. h..ld " "'r" tll"'ml:x-", hi p in Ih... R hoo ... h b nd Ho ,,' "nf R..pr......nl.l li,,·•. in 18~ 1.'2 . 1 85~· .~5. a nd 18110-8 1. an d in Ih.. R ho,k I,b,ndSt·n" I... in 18f>6-. ti7. II.. ",- ~ , appa ....nl " a .-los .. f.i..nd of Willi n. l ·pd ;k.. and i,of..n m..nl i.. n..d in hi. I.." ..r. ,

, 1..1 0" 1>" .f....·5 r h i B.-ta Kappa .. . a tion. "T h,' Infl ", ·nn· ..1 ~ri'· lll iti. · D i.. ·O\·....

" nd ImTnli.,n on S..r ial and l'olil ir ,,1 ProIU.. .., .. woo . dd i""r..d b..(ol<· Ih ,' Phi B,·t .,1'''1'1' '' So..-i ' ·I ~ · " f R'O"'1l lIll i"n,in on n>llllt" 'nn'''",''1 da', S'·I.oIl 'II,I..·• h. I B~ :\ .I, \I'" puhli,l.,.d hy ll, ( :' ;l I1 ' lon "nd { :ump" ny ,.f 1'J'o ,'id ,·", '", in 11I~:1 "nd 1:01> '1

,·., ll,·,·1t'd II, T horn'" U,,,·f..,· in Th , (,'" ",,,1;,, 11 ;,,4, of Thr fl on. Job D"F f""l ./.. D _ ( 184 ' 1).

l~ r." ",-i . W;I, I" nd 117" Ii- l fll>·I) . ,,,in i' II" f. a ",h"f, .,,,,lth.· fo".Ih 1",-,id' ·" 1 "f1I' '''''fl l · n i...·t ,il'. " hirh .. th...- h.. '''1'" .<\ from 18 ::! ti 10 185 5.

,a j " d li;'" J , .hn l' ilm.1n 1 78 _~ _18fi~ ) . "" l ' ni"'d SI.•I.., d;" . irl j"dll' ;n t" " ' I'tl",,,-.· fro m III:! ~ unlil hi, <\...., h in 1 8l',~

IlIlo-n n 1I." ua.d 11I 11·I'I(KIl, "d " ,-" I"r alld au lhol. " '",, ' Rh",I.·lsb nd ' , tu"I" ,h lir , ..11< '01 "." n..i..i" " a po,i lion Ih al h.· ",·n·,-d '-~lr"n)t'h "dl . Wilkin 'l · I"l ik... "n "" Ii;" " " ' 111"" 1 ,f H.l'na.d . ",n in,lru",,-n l.•1 in h. in i!: ini!: hi m I"Rh"d,' Is I." ,,1 "fill h'Kk 1 hi", ,.,hol.·h,·an.·dh· ;n hi. alt"ml''" tn l>ri"ll: ,,1" ,\1 1...I,u'a,i .. n"l ,d",.,,,, in II , Wt,·. Ba, na ,d ...", la' w,'h " ·'I>oosihl.· fur "<tahli,hiIlJl:Ih,- R hml,· I, b od III; til \l1<' "f I n, n un ioo. in IB~~ . ,md in ""!lint( "II lh ... >'al"·.I'"hli,- " -h",,l i " I'· Ill. 11,· ,,·a s law. rhaor..tlo' of th ,' L' n i \,(, f s i l ~ of W i" ', .nsi"

IB'IB-60 1, p..~;d..nt of Sl. John' , ColI,·tI,·, in .\ n"'II)<.li•. Md , ( 18 tili.n ]) . a"d" 'n.'d;l, 11... li, ,1 l ' " i" 'd ~ t .. I'·' COlllnli"io,,,-c of f.d " r al i, .n ( 18 ti7. i O .

t:'-I hom.' . II , 'I>ki", \\ .·I,t., ~I D. 1180 1· 1Bill', I. P. m,id""r.. ph ,.i.-i..". hi' lo ri:.n ...ml "",'· 1;11 ... . d;' ". uf 110 , l" o6rlt ~ H J"~ . n ,, l _

1116 107

J uri ~t in ){ leland uf h i, acquai ntanre- & intimau-d le -vond doubt , it wa'tlu- .Iud~ , · - ,\1-.0 Ih al ~t r. Elton'" tlu- lOll" R,·\". Pr"f('~"or in ~"1lI

n , llt'~l' told Il im , 111011 Judg, ' DurflT had "'111 him sotnr- , ,,p i.... In Ill' ,nlf

to hi " fr it'mh in Europt ' - You UHI 'I give lip d ial Il l!' a utho r i, "g:1~ n l ll' l1lan ill H"'lon . & prohahly ~O ll h,!n ' h,.fn l"r lh i, turn \\'a , 1101

Ih ;l! lilt' 1'l '<I""II. lw d id n,.1 join wi lh you in t'nll lll1t'llCb l i"lI "f it ? J udg:t,Bravton'" told nu-. it wa" from D ur k, '. and two "Opil" h.·illg "" 111 II>J ud g" Slapl,·, 1- ,'ollhnll' Ihi, impre..."ioll Inn ,I rn ng to Iw fp lt', lio ll"d -

Jud g,' Il u rke admin-d. ynu kiln". Yl>lIr pO"I~ ill till' Dn non al i, 'Rr\irwl \O li t· -aid h, ' had lint "'('11 YOllr dfu"i<:>l1 nil ..\ d a m &; [\" ' ~...

<,("111 him om- on Illy re-turn . hi, h-tte-r OI("kno>, lrd(!ing tju- re-ce-ipt of ilI '·ndo...· . ~1 ,\ no t jce- <;f) flau r-ring 11111'1 ht· (!ra tif yillg

~Iy l n-a r, ho w han' ynu h. 'e ll "inn ' I lefl you - 1 h"I'" vou r ln-althis illlPT(l\" jll ~ , ,0 rhat (',·,'ry Ihing: of a n ohj t't"tio na l [,i..-j ch aracter will l ...1"1 '11\0\.,.<1 h, 'foll ' 01" bv till' -lth of J uly - You know a ll my hopes rest nilyou - I wish I rould hear fro m you a, I could ll"i,1i and ho pt, - I a lllin your ha nd, a nd it i~ for you tn d i'I""" of lilt· av vou pl'·;I, t' . fo r '.!,w do r fo r veil I am hnt' ;llol\" and want "'11 - \\"i ll \ '011 '01\' whe-n \'f'1I

wi ll (,('TIJ<' dO\\l1 to Xa rra zan-ert - En'l~ thi llg i~ in ,~aitin~ for \'n,; _- I am dl"~irotl' 10 ~how yn u a 1::;fI'al 1ll;1;1\ nll;miti,', in thi, :-(" ,tion\1\' Ca,d" 1 I""h find\ (,i..-j &; unly n''1'd, ynur ad\'i",~ impn,\,·m'·nt'.'1'011 Blll'l , '''111' ' . and , IMII 'I \lIU' nnlwilh'l;lIlding II ... '1l1all "hjl-ction'you ,'an III,ll, ' - " 1la rl at nig ht:':

Yflur" fn nTI',

WI I.KI:-:s L: I' Il I KE to ....AKA II I1ELES \" II I T~I/\:-:

(J a nuary ;;. I H ~ 7 )

K ing' loli R.1. J ;lIll1 .l1'y .-Hh -t7

~I ~ 1>' S;lfah

Ynur It'ut'r ""uld not han' rnTl"ill'od IIl1an\\" ·I"I·d thi, It'ng th "ftim.. hut frHIIl ,irfl1l11~la IlC t ·, "hidl I "ill , Ialt ·. for \1111 kno\\, thaI I;1111 a l"nllll'l 1 'llrn'~polldo'lIt - \ \ 'ithill ,' f" \1 dan '" ft,' r \nlH Id t....a rri ,,·d. ()u r fa \ o..il,·. I ),mid . w.'" lak"1\ , i,l. ' 0 ll1;t.-h ..." .., ·I D n ,,!,ti ,, 'Itwd i"a l " i" : llll' !loel " r ;l1ll1,,11I1...·d hi, d i" ';l,o ' d"lIl.:l'1om ..IIlII in ,l fn,,Lly' afl..... ti ll' I'hysir ia n. I l'lI1id. &; Illy,,· I£. \.t' 1l1 up to , 'T I)' Pa r,n ll '~ "

&. wh ..n I\l' ,H lllOll ll ' T t! I " Il l<' tlta t h i, l'a",' wa" all in"lIr;,I1I,' '11 11' in ;111prnha hil ily. I lh nu ghl THy IW;lrt "ould hn 'aF' - 11 ,· " rdoTed ~"lJlI'

" ' I)t'nllll' lll ' t" tw mad, ' &; \1 11<"11 lIIa,I,· &; tr;m'mi t t",1 In hilli. hI' 11.1'• " Ill" t.. II... "" lIdll,inn lh ,lI il i, n.. t 11 ... ,allll" di ...·a ' .· I... th"ughl il \1;" .

&; ., rot c Ia,t Saturdav thaI it i' nOI dall~'·lnu' which ha-, cheon-d 11 ';tll - wlu-u I rauu- honn- & announced ti ll' I roc tors opinion I 1ll'\TT

~;IW a il ion' mournful hO Il ' I' . but W I' an' 1I0W n-st on-d 10 nIH hop" /(;,·IIl·I·I"fu[n,·"" Can you I", li," '" it. that Ill' tuld th l' I),lt,t"r th.u he had1>I"I"n ill li lt" habit of drin king frmu om- 10 1\.0 pa il f ll l ~ of ••au-r a d ay &

11<";1r1'! In 1\.0 tha n " lit' T h is was unknow u to us for a 10 1l1l: nnu-, I...I hou~hl il wa" IIlI'n' thirs t & info rmed nn 0111' & 11011(' of lilt' fam ily dis.t'o\Tffod thjv /o!"n';u ,-x(.('~, in dl illkillg - "lhiv n,ul'it.' III' told D' Parsou-,I... had indulgr-d in drinkinl.: hom about August or ""'pl"IlIht-r la,t,u '("o rd inc: 1<1 hi , n.. ollt'C litlll~··'- Mvself & hi, vivn-r an' inu",ant in O U I

am-ntionc 1<1 h im & wauh him Ilie:ht & day. fm' hi" Ihi"l now , althoug haba ted. i-, ,(l ~n';11 tha I if lit' ran gt'l water- h.. will indulg,' hi lll't, lf indri nkill~ ;1~;lill'l ;111 our ugU11I"ll t, & n'mon'lratiol\' - Yo u know .\ Iy Dear. Ih ;11 Ill' is a P"! .,i lh lIS. !It·,iUt·, Iwing: tilt" you ng ....t of th..family - II" i ~ about hou-e- & fOl ;1 wITk Ihl' Ph ysi"ian !la ' requr-su-d

1"'1'1,,' R..,· . R"n,..o Ellon ( 17'10· 1870) . pror..' .....r of G r",' k :lnd I.;,t i" :lt Brownt:"i'·..oit~, Irour 182 7 10 18·4:1. Joh O" rf ,·.. ad,lrn,..d to Ellon II,.. imroduc tcrv1>Orlli of hi-. I"'"t narn li,'" pt>t'm. It ·.lul /dun ; or. H,,~n If"i11i4mJ iot 8an ijllm~n /

( 18 :121 ' " " ·hal tim .., d, 'ar £110" . ...'.. w..rr " ·,,nt 10 run" . ·ro/ll d ..... i.. Bro"·1la lono: fair S....I"'"l·. \·..1...

Iqhr H" n. C.ror!!r _\rnold Bra\ .. ,n ( I8tJ.l. 18801 , aMlocia c,' j .."i..r of Ih ,·Khud r illa"d SUV"'II'" Court, 184 :\·68. a"d latn ('hirf ju,t i<: r. 18n8·H.

I " I'hr Hon. W ill iam Rr ad Slapl.-. ( 171j8· 18n8) , a<<.()(" i. lr j ud l(.- of Ihr Rh od rI, h " d Suvrnll" ( :0"",18:1'1- '14 , a nd I'll'" ,'hirr j ... li, '" , 18S4·Sti. J ..dlf" Slapln,,·a, al", a" hi,tori,,,, :lnd a,,'hur , p"hli,hinlf, :lnlttll!! nch.., work•• hi, .~"n,df " n1' , o ,,;,/~ nu in 184.'1 .

1!· ~fr., W hit, ,,;,, ,', " .\ Vi, iun nf It ... ;\Iilfhl ," ~ 1"1'1lI i"'pin' d loy lim" in Go..,h ,·\F" u," . Part II , " !'Iwarrd in Ihr Fr·b,"ary. I!H fo ull, ,,h..,. of "'h ~ / l /1 ;I ( d Stllin.If"~,,dn(. ,,,,,I I;'",ur""'" UH' i~ ,, ' (XV II I . '12. I'll . 111,· 18 ) . T h" .,. of th.. ori!!inal' Ca " , as ,,,.,,. d roP P" d and ucl...... It" ',, !!y· 1II0d ih"d Whr ll tt ,.. pc...m wa' roll...,to·dunu"r th .. " " "" till, · " T h,. 1',, \1." i" 1I" u" ol l,j/ ~. ,,,, d 0 111.., 1'"..", . ( 18 '1:1).

~~'Sf'"t" :<io t.. Ii,:!IJoh D",(....·, kit..,. ' 0 Wilkin, l ·ptl ik.., Jun" 22 , 184ti : ..... /)otr 5.~~ L'pd i lr i. rrillfo"'i"l( hi . pk3 ror \1 " . Whill" :I" 10 \'i,it him in Kinlm on I"

'l "olinfl" a linr lhal jKh, ibh r..r ..lI. WUI" hom h... po.... '" " T h.. I'h"ntom" ,fl u...' M" urnful '1 i, to hukTo thO' ..., i,·t'" of Ih, ' . iI.."u'.n... " I,;'[><" r of , h.. d",l!

~.1 l~ , h ... I':lr"" " , ~l.n , ( 1788·18ti8 ). phpi,-i,w, '"IIt,·CHI... lid .." , ho r. wa, Ul..."f I'ro\' i.k " ...··, Ir;rdill fl" do<'l" .., f"'lll 1822 "u li l hi, d"alh in 181i8,

~ IA" ,,, t..,.i.k " t Ih i. poinl in lh,' It'll" r rd ,'" I,, ;. nutr· "ri tU'1I in i" k in It l!"ldl·b.. nd m"rtlin . t .. ;Hliofl" " O;,,,i .-l Upd iko' di"d 1,11 1. 18 1847 :' II ,,· h,,, ,d .... ritinl(whid, is ""I l ' ptl ih ' , . "':I'. ht· \Ir. , Whitm3" ·s.

~:'D r . S, 1 C;old",,·,ky, of Pr" , 'id.-nr r , who h"$ h..... , kin d r noult' h to r~ad Ihi.1..II..r and "tfn hi , ob ... rntion•. chinks Ihal til .. <l1II!>lOm. d..",ri t...d h~ L'pdikr''' t/I(Mt di.lhrl'·' in.ipidu•.

IOH I ~ ljjti Hili

him 10 be kr-pt in a warm roo m . & sudl a 10UIW ha, be-r-n I'Il 'saiht'd a,will produce a IJOt"r,vi ra lion on h i, skin hut nOI1('" has been prudun'd asyd - I ho pt· WI' shall hi' r-nabh-d I" dkn a n-vervion of anion in t ill'sy,t'·Ill. & if WI' ("3 11 hi, dang...- will Ilt' m<"T - I 11" \ "1 '; '\\ Iwighh"r'l'x IHl'sS so much ~ Y ' llI p;u h\' a, tlwy do fur !Janid , I\'U'\"'I~ : ln- is \Tnpopul ar wi th t lu-tu ali -

I fl-I·I as,ured that ti ll" I!IMKIIII'" of your ln-art w ill n-cpoud for ther a lhe, that !J;J\ ,. orrasio rwt:! ti ll' dr'by in ;llI , w t'li n,g your ve'rv kind &

a fl"l"rt iona t,· h-ru-r I h OI.H ' I sha ll 1M' l'llahll'd to am-ud till" G, 'nIT;llAS' !"lIIbly a k w d ;lys, when' I shall do IIrysd f IIw grl'at pl"asurl' 10 "" , '

vou, & sha ll o-rta iulv, if Ibni,·I\ situ.uion will admit o f IlIV ;lbsn IH'You stan-d. you , hnu ld like to know who was the auth or uf th, ' st rifl llrt·,011 Da, 'is' ' Revclarions' in tht· Bri 'I(lII' I lt'n i x ~O:- ? it wa, Pro fev-or J ohnIlt- Wo lfl'n - I ;Igr.·t'd tbat M r. 1I;17:1rd mig hi [ho·] pemutu-d to deliverhis address at I' w \ 'jd" llu ' in J all ll;u -y in-u-ad of Kina- ron ;11 O'lnho:r~'

if vou could ho.. iudurr-d to write- J. 1'0" 111 for thr- o("t"asiun""" &. this was II",.... ,1,· condit ion UI.H.n which I wo uld nm....-nt - & \I r. (; nTIl' ~~" & \Ir.ILntshom. ·~ 1 acrr-pn-d u pon tha t condit ion. but I ha n ' not hear d a wordabout ~'(lll r I'ocru. I induce-d \{r. 1I.ll ;ild In prt' !-'au ' IllO' Lr-r-r un- to twdelivcn -d here. & Ill' informed th 'N ' Ih;.1 de-sin-d hi m 10 dr-livvr it [in)I' lo, id" Ill"(' & om it dning- it here, th a t Ill' could not dn it wi t lrflUI ~h~" l r

& :<'Ir. POItt'I~ ~ would '1.~ I"l' t· to it & I mild.. that tht' r-xpn·" n,ndi t i";lI t wil l 1)(' a g-n,,, violation of con lid "1 HI' if it i ~ not rmuplu-d I, illr a ndI ~ Ir;l ll de-e-rn it ,III atfrnnt from tI"'III ,

H I" , havr- you pa"" d tI u- wjntr-r '" fa r? I la n ' you <l1ll' lldo'd t h,'I." ( II III ·S. I hea rd of \ 'O U at nne wit h Mr. l't'aho(h ~;'- h UI "111\ om-

It would have b' TIl ' o!lwrvvise if I had h.·' ·11 a; lilM'rh It> I~a\"l ' kfthornl' - You ""~' by rhic, tha t I I.a \l · ;111 " y" u po n you &' In ttl enquireof all vour 1Il0\'·IIl"nt~.but I all1 oft"n d i"dpl_,int l'd in bl'arin~ of Ihl'lII­

I walt-- wi,h I . 'ulild h.'a r 1Il0n' of \uu? " "' 1' \O U h""11 10 \I r . (; rt'.·I\I'·' :I und;Tstalld .-\ rr al.· li;IH ha, d i~ard l'(l twr ~ldTllirn. \I r. ern" It"illk ~Ilt' i, ItIlkv I u nd .' r.talld \I r. Ft' r Jl Jt'r~'; tla ,lt... in t ilt' , In ·.·ts110\\ &. t l...11 - \11, . Xt'\H'ornb~'; I -';'\\' la' i SUlll lIII' r "j lli \Ir , _ (; I.Ti lling hast"; I ;I,k a ll lit' ·....• ( Iu. , ~ t ion~ l""l·au...• I Ilriu k IIf tlll"" tlu lI ,·st'TIIl - Who I.;" tI,, · happillO"SS 10 lit' you r B" au "" lill I ' I " m ~

tl ra t la,, ·al. k l lrim lit' who t1l' wi ll. & I "i ll c/nu him 011/ \, Ia-II I rOJlu'"r kill hi m . I alii 11 <"!"ntlirwt! thai Ir" or ll' , hall ~ \l PJl l a llt II Il' ill yOll l g;, w,dall""rt iorrs, ;m d if t lu, ft, i, ' lich {/ /.110/1 ' & 'Oil an' Ih ' ~iroll s Ilr,lt 110' ~ho li i d

rdaili Iris hNld ilr ;l '"u mj cond ition. ~olr had IwHn ;ldvi.,' him tonorr "'al h irrl,,.[ ( "hil,· I ;lIn in tl ll' l·it \· --':' You ~, 't' I ,·;.11 tlWIII 11\, 1.;1Idrlalr ws, & I alII 111'1\1"1 ,·,u>l.gh to ~i\'l ' t'I;l nl na lll." to tho,, · I Ir;.I1· &.' I hat'·

all till ....· th.u In\l ' ~"u - I lItu,t 1M' hone-t & l'all'l dO'n~ it - I ;111 1It'ad inl: a rnUN ' ilr ( ;.."Iogy for lily ;tlI lU.... ·Il1 I·1lI - & II"" "h;u are \1l11n'ad ing o r r,uhvr ~ollr crud i." ) Hu t I " ill r-nqui .. , wlu-n I ("('nl(' - ­.\ ~ \'011 d id U" 1 II" l·in· 111\' la' i until "lIl..-tinll' af t.. r it- datto I han'

"Il \';'IOI"'d thi- utuk-r r-ovr-r 10 \1 1. I 1.1\ i,'" .\n r'p l 11l~ ~ ill''''Il' ;III,\< Ir­uu-nt to yn tl & Iwlin o' me

y'II TT'S

~ ';Thn, ' ;' 1'1"" " I" I". 110 iiI." ,·,1;1Il1 for II,.. 81l'J/"l l'h"r1(i~ ""'nill~ Ih,' p" riodof Prof,'"or IYWol f'. a rticle.

~:J.. h" O'W olf / l i 8n-1862l , prof...""r of clwmi,'n ;,1 Jim .... " L'"; ....r ' il ~

fmm 1817 10 183-4 .~'Thrrr i. "0 r<'<"ord ..f an ..ddr.... d..li....red h, II M..rd ..I lhi. lim r-. tho

Oi ,..o,,,... 0 " flu Ch ..1tUfrr tm d lI' . i' i ,, ~ . of Ch i,.! Jill/ill' O u frr ........ d..li,'..r ..dt...rurr Thr Rhod .. hland Hi" ori..a l s....i..1\ Ih.. foll" inlll: \ra, . J anuan 18.111-48

~'~fr•. Whinn..n ..-o rnpli..d .... ilh .. :"0 ..... ......hil.. th choin.. t'annon·. rodr." aporm ,,', iU..n Inr Ih.. annu,,1 crlrhralion or Th.. Rhod r " b nd lI i. lor ical S<M"i'· I~· .

J anua ~ 13.18,17. ·I h.· p' ...m a. r il....-I h~ .\ Ihr n Go r"", (;r " .. prt"\·iou. toJoh Dorf,·..·• D i,H.... ,,. and , lal I...."nd in " ';l h il for !'"Mi , i" n ; ...... Jol>U" rl....·• OiJ«()IH"' , Prm ·id..nc.. : Ch.. r1.·. " "rn..II , J r. ( 111-47).

rh., I'0..m ..... ... ,·Oll.-.-kd and, ..... ;,h d,·I,·I;on. <lnd ... tI,,· rhantl ... . " 'l'ri"I" d ""d..,11,.. ,; 11,· " RolII:'" W illiam'" in 11o.." "f I .if ,.. n"d 011,,,, PO,. IIH ( IR'>: I),

:;" ..\ lIwrl Gorlon ( ;n" ' '''' 1180 2- 18h8 1, jud~ .. of IIi<" ~l u o i r i p;.1 ( :ourl in I',m·i.,""u...· hvrrr 16511 ' 0 18h7. i.lIlon· " fI"n l..-1l1l'1l1f>,·,, ·d a, .. ti,..,;..." filll:u rt·. H.. ....',"11;0- a or lhv r " f a I:n l!'" nUIIII ...r vf pO"rm , til<" rnmt fan", ,,, of wi, i,'h i. hi, " Old( ;r im,-.s I , Dn,d."

:ll T horua. C . tI ;H" ho, n id. 18')~ 1 wa' "''''''I"n' of T h,-. Rhod,' I.1;Uld Hi,lOri.",,1 S"r i ~t y " I Ihi.• time..\ nolht'T nf ~l n , Wh i ll n~ n ' , fri"nd, who .....a. im"rnl,·t1in .pi rituali.nt. !l arr . horn lra ns];l1...1 from rh.. !" t nch J I'. F. Ikk u~..·s P' /Jr li r ,,1' '' '' . IIe/ IMI in .h im"I.Hn c"nj, ,,, ( 16 Hl.

;1~ For F.li. h" R. POll nOie 8.:~~ rrohahl , Will i" ", J '· rll !' a ho od , ( 18 1:1. 18 701 , d ...... fr i"nd 10 both ~I T\ .

Whitman and Por , .. ho wa. a Pro.·id..n,·" la""""r <lnd ..I... a 1""" . P....m. b~

P" ho od ~ "T' " !,uhti,h..d in r h,. RIt"d,. I JI" "J Jj(}()A , t ll-4 1 l.~ '. \ 'M"l ia (;"'''0'' . " ho ;" Ih.. lint .. of t · pd il .··. I~n ..r u . , ill . h" unrnarri..d

d""l1hln or .\ 11•..,1 (;0<10" (;r....n.. .. .,. rlOI" .\O r. h'Tam h.· .. if.· of Ih.. Honl :h",I". c: \' ,." Z.." d•• 11"" "rnor "r IC. hntl ,· 1,1.."d f,om 18i i 10 IlIft.l. 11"1" di,,' a rd..d ,Him;....... ~ I r. ern", r ;II",,,t I,,· i..-l"" ,ili, 'd '" Ihi , lim"

·"'T h....,· W"r" 1lt 1l1ll'rOu~ . ·"n" .·... in " r" , 'id," " " ,1 , Ihi, linr... mal;,, ~ il d ith ....lr,0 id.."I;ry Ih i, I';"li...,I«. on, ' ...i,h am " ,. , " , i" " . H t' W,,, IM",",I, .\ rl hur " r nr,.. , .••" .. of IIII' ,,-,rr."f ( ;' '' ' '' 10 0 ' J allil" .. ..or,..r ( 17 i 1·1IHri ) .

:H\Rhod<l ( ~ \;' TlIo- "hrn " I1 Ir J l\"' ·..n 1lrrh. tlu" rll,,' h..r of t:h;ul ... K i"Ol :" .........ornlo( 1 1I ~U. I R' 1 4) , II". I' ro" i,k lln ' aull l" r. ,"n. :"..., 'rorrrl> W;l\ for ;l lo ll ,~ lin \\" a' d u'...·Ill...- of I' ro" id,'u",· ,,,,·i~ l'·. III 011'" uf hi, k,t n , III h.... Cha rl,·, Kintl :""w,·" nrl,n' f>u l" d hi. mo ll,..r for hr r la,,,,, "roll'li" ."

:1' Prohahl~ Rd "'r r a I Po " ..r ) T illintrh 'O\ I (d . 18tiOI. M r•. Wh illnan'. old..r,i"..r, ..... ho IIII' "if., of ,til" tl un, J ,,"'ph I.. Till i n~h ,,,1.

:I' M,. Ua.·i ,1$ UOI Ih.· .\ndn' .. J a,·h ..n U" ,·i. of l'pdih ', k ll .... hUI .01'1';"_"1.lk a local fri"nd uf M rs. WhiUlI" n "'hu "annol no .. I". id,·n1ito.·d.

' rt u: :\" .\VY .\ '1' "'EW POR'I :

.\ HRIT1SII V IE W, I Rt i'\*

Edi" 'd "ilh ;o n i" lrodIlO;o"10, h., to, J, ~t ' . M U , n, ' p"'"U~ " 1 of Hi" ,,"II,d i L· lli.....il ; . rh,· :'\ollh" ,",I Ca"'I""

-"00:\ ..un It oUlhn ';lk of t lw American Civi l \fa r u nion 1I11id;l l~

f;u n l a n 11ll{"JX'f!nl pmbk-m : Ih (" ~ reali zed that III\' l ' n iln l -"t;alc...:'\ ,1\ 011 .V ,n lc- Ill\ at Aun a pol i.. wav r-vpo-cd 10 (-;:I pt ure b~ thr Confed­r-ran--. In Iact. ~h"rth aftl'r t hl' fall of Fort Sumter Sour hcrncrv bcuanboa ..tin~ that the revered C .S.S. Cmntitu./ ion. then at An na pol i...would lx- th e fir-t \(...<,(·1 to ("ar~ the new fla.g nvr-r t he ocean... BUImo re important t han providinq a ..tatu..«mbol for the South CapIUf('o f the academe might \\ ell provide a ba-e for flan k arrack- 011

\ f a..hington. Orders w err- therefnrr- .giH II to abandon the ,l(':ad('m~

and to move the Ila \·~ to Xewport .The ..to rv of it....ojoum there, of it- magnificent and imacinarive

;u hi'·\('lT1n;t .. 1IIHk r great handuap-. hOI" etten ber-n told in 1101\" ;11

hi- tori e- h UI rn{"l1t l~ a Hr iti..h \-if'W I,f t he nan Oil Xr-w port ha-, bee-numovvred ;alllong 11ll' adrniralt ~ 1);l I)(T~ in the Public Record- Otlio- .London. Thi-, report and it-, ~lIpportilU:: document- ..hed ne w lig ht on

OJ hub- llndl·,....loIKI pha"'l.· o f .\ nglo-.\ nll' ril a n diplnnlil li,- rda t iolbd uri n/.:: till' Ci\-i1 Wa r (·r<t .

( ;real Brita in , 1I';ul in ,.; 11<1\·,11 Po\\ n of IllI' n inel(Tnth c I'nlllr~ ,

na turalh Illl,k gfC'a l illln!"'t in t ilt' nn\ 1l.1\·al fo k......u.. \\hi( h ~'('n1C'd

tn h(' ri.."ing ,lin".. t ill' .-\ tla m ie.-\ ..p llr to Ihat il1l('f(''''1 \\01" frcqllt'lI lfr idion h('lw('('11 tlJ(' IWII nat ion ... from 1861 10 18G:J. O n !'o(' \·cr,,!o.ca..ioll". a .. Ih(' fC'a(!l- r will fC·(·all . .\ n.glo-A nw ri(-a n relati on.. nt'a n 'da brea kin.g po int, (' '' lllTiall~ du r ing t he wilHt"r of 1861 in ('onlle( t illl1wilh Ill(' '1" ,,.,,,a ffair. Fort ll n a td ~ . t hai tTi..i.. pa .....ed . a.. d id t hl' th reatof Briti..h intrr \T nlio li ill t !ll' fall IIf Ihl' following y(·ar. hil t hy t!l('~ll 11 111 ll'r IIf l RI ;:l partly IlI'("a u",' :'\orlhnncr.. f('a ree! that Hn~ Iaj(' ~t y 's ~O\I· l"Il tlH'n t I1 Li~ l lI pn111i t ' ·"(":JllI' nf th e Ill,\\erflll L tinlinl1lll<HI r,llll" II"llll )1'l'S lb red ;L ~ :Ji ll a nd thnl' W;L" ta lk of \ \ <l r.

From \\ ' ; , ~h i l1 ~ to ll , tl1l' Briti ..h m illi..tl'r wilflll'd Londllll ~ ll pn ill r..' Ir illlr)(,l1dill~ dangn : " ;1 war \\ith Cn'al Britain i.. a ron l i l1!;I' I/(~

*\I;o Il' , i.,1 i • •",·d Il; I.ind 1"-f1l1i"iun uf ,·onlmH/ "r of Ik r Ma in l; " Slali"!,,.!)( )thn'.

I III

!

I

l ~ fliG J '1'hf .\"II '.\" lit S"11'/101' 111

m-vcr a h -m Irotut hc m ind.. h.l lll .. f t h,' nWII ill p.IWt'f& of the Publ irat lan::t" : ' H r- wa rned that Fe·clt·ral IM\·al ..lrt·lIgt h had t::roW II tofonn i'da hll' proport ion-. and Ill' hinted rhat t ht' intTl'a""'" had "littlereference to the present ~lrug,l:: lt· \\ irh t hr- Southern State..." Amici­pa tin g: wa r a nd believine that kIlO\\ k d t.:r of t ile' Ame-rk-an inn cvat ion..in nava l wa r miuht prO\(' helpful to lilt· admiralrv in surh a n event.Lord Lvon-, proposed that an t"lll'Ti"llu'd naval uIN'f\cT be sent toArm-rica on a Iar t-find inu mi ...-ion.

The forI'it:: n otlin', "'l.'I'i ;ll.:: merit ill the "lIgl.;l·~ti"n , advi-ed admiraltvofficial.. o f it and reql1l...te-d the-ir ro-operarion in implementing it.In re..ptlll"" til thi.. promptin l.;. t ill' admiraltv dl",i~ah'd olle of it ..hrivht YOlln~ H!Ti( 'l'f'i fo r thi-, ddic-"tt' mic-ion . j ann... GrahamGoodenough. a thirt v-two- ve-ar-old n-re-ntlv rornmiv-ioned captain.had r-nli- tcd in t he R;I\ al ~a\\ in IR·B. had n-ce-ivcd a lit'lIlt'llant'scummi....ion in 1R51, and had -e-rvcd with wuragc· and di-tinction inthe Far Ea..r. wherr- he recvivvd prai-c "lid pWlIlotillll fo r hi ... perform­ann>: under tift". Cool. onnp-n-m. and di-creet. he proved an idealr-hoice.

H i.. mic-ion had a ..nnpk- llhjc'l tiH' : fu ll infor mation ..bout thepe rformance of Amerk-an ..h ip- and gu n'. But hi.....upniof'i rn refullv"p" lkd out th t· data requirt"d . '1'111' lIa\·al h igh f"l .m ma nd wanlt"d 10know a houl .-\ mn il·;\l1 ..hi p.... Ihc'ir 11 IIIllI)l'r" di~p'l"i t i(lII . ..nnallli'lll:cngi llcc'f" ..ough l ~ lati~li( · .. allll lli t'll~i l ll' pl' rfn rmann·. ("oal lon"'lImp­Iilill. ~I)I'c'd : ot lll'r I,IIi( i;\ l~ wi..llC't1 tIl klll 'w alll llit Ihc' q ual il ~ , t ra inillgami pn fo rm <tlll l' (If 11;)\,al 1)I·N lIllld . III lilll'. t hl' Hrit i..h d l'm amktlfu ll rep' IT!'" tl f .\ 1l1 n i,-a n na \'al ~1f(· Ilt.: t h .. and \H·a klH"N·~ .

\,' ilh ful l CtHllx' ratii llll,f l Jn il 'n " lIili' lt... ( :a pl ain ( ; lilllk nllllt:h illJail' l H6:l t'mharkn l O il a ...·ar ' h in.g l"amillat illll of thl' :\"1IT! h·.. na\·a ln ·...)lIrce..... \ Iter a IlIlIr IIf ""\t'Tal monlh.. It,· p re pa red ,,11 .., H·lhin·'1llllmary ilf " t l\{' pre para ti'I\I" " f t hi.. I "lll ltry f"r war wi th a ma ri­liml' power," ,.\, in..trl ll tn l, h,' dn "ln! ~llln.. ..pal e to hi.. \i... il 10 t ilt'" adm ira hly 11I;lI1 a.l.;nl n,l!q::1' 011 i'\l' wpon." (; lI\TI"IIIlII 'n t ..upport ofliw in..titllti"n clm ing it-. ( b~ .. IIf t1 illi (lllt ~ illlpn·.....t·d him . a" did ti ll"rigid ..tandard", fll rwrforlllalH I' "" fonnl Ih"I"I'. H I' rq il,rt t'd tiwil Jninll " nin' I'S ..poke ill ,.; 111 \\ in.1.; Il'l"llIs of thl" ~oll ng IlWlI t·t!u(·ated h~thl' na\ ' ~ a t i\"C\\ IJj,rt: Ill' him..df th oll _ght Ihl" II' Uf'iI' (If in..trllfliollc-; l1n da ted 11I llla kl' Ihl" .\ llwl'lt-a n pr llfl'..... i oll all ~ ..u /wrior to his En gli..h,·nlllllc'rpa rt .

T IH' 1"I ' llI' I"I, h" \\t'\CT. rd k n .. t Ilt' rl'anion " of a lra im'd " h...·n t'r to

II :! , ( ktol :N:r l%/i ] 1J:l

a na\ ~ anda nation in Ira n..ition, and it illu..tralt... tht' .grea t d i tli (" ll lt ~

forcign l" I"" had in apprai..ing America n nn itude-, a nd aspiration­O n the ba ..i.. of GO' I(!t-nllu e:h·... report, [r-w would l!:U I"..... thai afte-r

App omanov in- read of pn'parin~ for a war w irh a maritime POWI'I- .\ Illl'l ica would tu rn it.. a ltt' nt i" l1 to dome vtic alLl ir- and a llm, thellIa ,l.:nilicl'ut light ing lIa" y IIf l B6.') to tl('("a ~ and di ....app'·ar fromthe ",·a...

:'\ ~ , WI 'ORT ."A \ 'A I. C OI ,I .H:F, :

The Iururc ..uppl~ o f ullin"!"" " ill be mainta ined [rum Ih('na val ("olk~(' no" at Xew port. In \";1'" tlf the pcrrnauent inr-rt-a-e ufthe na\'~ thr- nu mber (If - t uden t-, ha .. been inc rea-e..d h~ 3 n-crnt a f t of(OIl.I{Tl·' " from -ljO 10 I lt" a r l ~ BOO. "lhe fru it of t h i.. incH·a", ·"i11 not

appl'a r for thn-r ~('a~; Ihl' n 'fo rl' thr- nu-a-un- -'t'('III" 10 provi.h- Iora!'ll: rllla nl'n t iurn-a-« 10 t he li..t o f n'~ula r olli cl"!"" a t twice t l\l' rate itha .. inc n-a..cd hithe rto.

The na\;11 l·ollel.;l" ha .. now r-xi-n-d for l' i ~lll t"I' n ~ t'a!"" . firer atAnnapoli.. ( 10 wh ich it i.. Pt t'P"..n l 10 return } ;1I\t! .. ince 1861 at:'\t·" port. Rhod e Islan d. It i... . ...howin~ it..dIed all)(lIlg a ll ra nk.. IlflJllln' '''' ill t ilt' rt'~ular "-IT\'il l'. fnllulil'uh'nant ("{Jlllma lll!e!"" d lIWllwa rd.

I ha n ' ..puk ell to man y ullin'I'" of all ranb. alld (·"J)(·r ia lly InAd m iral Dll!)( lllt. ( :(IIIIIlIOdo n '.. l lal11 llll111d [! I. Ra d flln l. H ild ll'(ll·k.a nd T Ur!wr ( 11w I.lI le·r tw o of "hum wnt· fo r a lo ng li mt" fi!""ll il'ult'n;lIlb o f fr ;I:!;;lh"' ) ami utlwr o ld u llin'!"" of t ill' n h Ka l;1I1l gin'lIla t t lll' ;u'adl' Ill ~ 1 a nd 'If I Ill' o llil t·.... \,hom il ha .. pn N.lun·d . ami I ha\TIward h ut lin t'" opin iolll"X pre.....·d : a ll ..I....·;lk hig hl~ of Ih(' "u plTiu ril\

o f "11' officl' !"" n lu catt'd a t n Jlle.I.:'· to their prnIN"t"' ''u ""Thl' inc u·a...· of t Ill' na\' ~ h ~ Ihl' ellt~ o f IlHTcha nt o illcel"'. " ho in

:\ lIw ricl ('(mil' from Illl' "a n \(' rall b in "' lfi t' l~ a" naval o lJin T", ..lUI" "\T~ dearly IIU' "u l)l' r io ri l~ of 1llC" 1I "ho go Ihrull~h thl' nlUf'(.· Ilft' l!llf a tiun at :'\ t'" po n 10 tho",- \, ho ~u t' ;l rI~ 10 "" ;1 ;Ind pid, up thl·irkIlO"lt'd~I' hl'rt' a nd t h.. rl" a" I)(·..t Ih," ~ I a ll .

T hl' acadnll~ "a" 11 ....1 1· .. la b li..hn! al .\ l1 na po li.. by :\11. B:lncrohwht 'n ht'" ;\.. M'nt't a r~ of till" ll;\\ ~ . TI... III ilbhi pllH'n " wa itinl.:ordn~"and o n " dOl k~anl dut ~ " \"' IT ('(,IlI·l'tt ·t1 I hITI'. and for t he li"'l :-ix~t'ar- a nlllr"I' uf h"l ~ I' a",,' "llId ~ "a" tht· lItrlll l..t "hilh 311y m id ..h ip .IIMII n ·(·.. in ·t1 . Tht' g-roUlll l.. OI t ,\ rllla po li.. " ne ori~illally ti lt' ~i lt· o fFl Irt St·, t'm. "hi! h "a" ,l:' in ' ll Ill' h~ tht' arlll~ for ti lt' IN' of till" na nill 111·1 ."1. Thl' 1"" 11 " a" ..m a ll ;11111 rt't in "t1 : IllI" ~rnlllH l~ ..f lilt' l u l,,"g,'

rI

r-un ..i-n'd o f fiO ;U T " ," ..ur roundcd h~ a h igh wall , ;t roup('(-[~J of exvr ­ri..[n.g ..hi p" and hoa l" we-re given over to the U'>{' o f rhc ..tuclen ts.

Inde pendent 1Ilt'lllht-'" o f cOllgn ...... and [p rior! -er reta rir- , of IIII'I Ja\ ~ had l ' fI1 ~ urg('J Oil C<m.l.:n ..... the nece-.... ily of e--tab li..h illg a scht lt,1hdort' :\Ir. Han crof t look the ma lt a in hand . :\ llIun ~ th ei r report~

O lll' nr tw o dt''>(~ n"('' n-petition : :\ t r. Southard , '«'('fr ta ry o f the na\'y in1B:!4 , ..ay .. "T he ~l )U n .l.:(' r ollin' I" cnu-r at -o ea rly a n a.I.:" thai II\('yrn unot 1)(' accompli-le-d o r " \ 1"11 acc u ra te schola rs. Tht·y an- (Oil"

..t ;lIltl ~ o n ..hipboard o r ill o u r lI a\" ~ yard.., where much advancementcannot t..... t·XIX·Ch·d . The better in..trurted an " lIice r ic, t he mnrr­..kilfulI ~ a nd prec i.....h and (If enur-e the mo re ('("t mom k all y will heperform the dut ie, a....igned h im . ' Ignora llt'r i.. alw av<. ~k iJI i.. 11('\'('r ,prodigal.' "lhe Xav~ i.. abo lilt' bearer of our honor 10 ('\Try shore.Tilt' lIa\,,1I ullir-er i.. in fact the n-pre-cnt.uivc of hi.. rountrv ill t'v c'r yport to whu h he ,I:!;()t.... "

Thi.. 1);1" ofrcn \)ITII "<lid hd on' a nd ma~ ....TIll a rolh-c tion IIr

tr ui..m..: but it i..al.... I ;1 trui..m IIMt thi- , applied to the EtU::li..h Ila\'~ a t;1 lat er dati' . [It i.. al-otrue] that the recent condition of education ill1111' En gli..h na\'y wa.. \ t'~ atT u r.nd~ ~i\"l'n h~ t ht' ,<cn·t;lry of tht·lla\' ~ ':- report for HH~ , ill whi, h ~ 1r. Up"llIlr sai t!, "Th rull ,~ h a l on ~

I lHlr"t· of ~ t' a r:- thl' rn[lhh ipnlt'n w('n ' Id t to I'dlll'a l" th'"m "" l\"l' :- .u u l0 11" ;lnot lll' r. SUil;l!lk It'adwl''' ;Irt" no\\ pro\'idt'd for them . h u t tlwir'" hi It II..a rt· \;t'pl in tilt' m id ..t o f ;1 thou';';iIld inlnru pti on.. a nti irn pedi·nWllh wh it h rt'lIdn Ih(' ..~ ..tt' m of litt it' \·;l1ul':' .\ nd . he m ig-ht h;t\"l'addl"d. a" hara ....ing to thl" (('arllt'r a.. " t' ;\~' in g- tll till" p upil. 1.-\1 thi..po int Capl .t in G CNltknough ill.....·rlt·d a lIutl' "1;llin.~ t hat " t hl' laltt'l"paragraph i" InH' o f till' g:n ';ltn pa rt of thl' En.l{l i:-h :-\:- \1'111 at t Ilt"prT"t'n t day: ' ]

T hrt't' " 'ar:- aftn Ihi .. :\Ir. Ib n rroh found th;,t ht' hat! ..ullit it'lltI)(lwe r "itho ut a pp'·.lling to n Jllgn·..... ;11li1 hI' "C'kct l"d Fort Sen'rnf<lr h i.. future tolln:;(·. T he " a ln W;t"lit'ql dO'>(" tn tht' hl'ach ;U1d t ht'in..t rlll"linn ..hip" wnl' !ll'Nln' d alllllg..idt·. Ill t in lt' , t ilt' hll iltli ll~" ( 'lIm "

pri"" d a lib ra ry, gyIll ll;l..i11 m . c,Il"t' ry a ll I r~. n·..idt·I1 IT flJr tIlt' pn ,fl''' '>t II ....

alll i in l fl.",(). Ilt,..it!c".. tilt" dqlll t f ri ,~at,.. a ..loop o f li()lJ fol.... thl' n.. h/, ·\\a" ;ltl ad lt't1 to t ilt' olllt·l.:'t· for ;I\ tll:ll pra , tit'\' at "'·a .

TIlt' Illllllh(' r n ( ..tml nH.. in IB.",I \..a" B"."13 .. Il li.-1'\ .. \lin

114 [O r( nbn I ~ llil i J I 1:J

:.)i wa " !ill."In 1R~IliO :!8 1

In I HliI t he ("f llk!.:l' wa~ n'm,)wtl ln Xewpcn and a l an~t· hon-l takena' a rl'", id" II( (', Pa rt of ti lt' - tudrnt-, now lin' there and part on bo ar dthe S ant a ~JIIJ C on llilulion , 1\\ 0 old fr i.gat es. Pracrire a loft and att he ~lIn'" i", ,"arril·d Ollt O il hoa rd t he -'Iarion and .\1acedonian . .-\ ....oMI1-reamer i ~ emploved for the- in-trnction of th e -enior ~ Ia ~~ in ,h'a~propul-iou. T he n )IIt'"~1' nu .... nl1l",i~t~ of "HiO mid-hipmen and I~

irnnu-diatclv In 1)(' increa ....·d 10 about i.iO.The cnll~' of -rudv in «rdinar-, tim(.... extend- O\Tr four \t'a"' :

eac h l lav- con-i-a-, thl'T~fon' of 11."1 ~lemhc ", and will con-i-t flf fromIflO to 190 whe-n I he numbers a rc filled up . \rhl' n I vi-ired the rollt-gl'no arrangement- had lxvn ~l"t made for the increa-e. I will thereforedescribe the arrangement- a-, I saw them.

On first ('ntl'l the r-adct- a rt' placed Oil board the C on lt itut iorr andSanta (old 50..1.:"1111 friga lt"' ) and pa,... the first Yl'ar of their COliN.'there , it" it i~ thuueht that t he~ are mo re completely unde r the ("yr "ftheir in- rructor- th an .... hen li\" ing on ~hClre..\ t t he end "f the fir-t~("ar Ih('y pil""" tn 11le" e-tabli- hmem un -horc : and ah~r th l' ....·nmd y("ara l t hl' c1O"l' of t ilt' l'x amin;lti"n'" whif h talc place III JUIlI', tht,~ art 'a llmq'd 10 go to t lwir homt'~ unti l O .-tober. Thi", i", Ihl' onl~ hnlida \\\ hith i", ;l1lm\l·d d uring tl\(' who II' l"l1ll C"l". and till' ~(l\"t'nlor hil'" 11"aUlhnri t ~ I" ~ra lll ilion' tlu n 1\\I 'llI y-four hllu"" "' a \'(' 10 t'itl li'r~ttl(knt or i ll~ t rUl tur.

'I'll(' , ia""" whidl h ,l ~ pa ' Sl'd t ill' final rxamina t il'II r('(ei \"l'''' apl)ll int­1111'11 1'" tll Ihl' 1\,1\'\ a'" l'lh ign "" and Iht' two othl'r da''>l'''' ,!.!o 0 11 l)llardt Ilf' d rill ship... .1111>,',[1111;,/1', (friga tt' ) and ,IIariol! ( , loo p) and, ;1(' ("1> 111­pani,'d h~ a ~l t',tlll I('ndl'r, pro(l'I' d tu ""'I'a for a sum mer (":Ili",· . T I\(',Me ~oi nL: Ihis \t·;u· to Long: b la lld Sound. when' IhITt· IS pkn l~ ofdtH llO r;l~l' and 'rlJo lll for ta rgd prad ir t'.

C ndn Ihi, S\,tt' lII of ad mi",siu n a Iargl'r ll1Ull t)(T IJf ",lueWlits ;1'"

" IlII'lTd tha n 'll:" ["I ·q uirt·d . an d a prof'\''' of wl'('(lin g i, j"r'11l ml'lHl'dfrom ,ht· fir, l da\ a nd i, l ollti ll lln l Ih rou.gllfJU I 1I1l1i loil a ll a \t'I', lg"IJnh aho ut l in pt·;, n' nl of IhoSl ' "llltTnl ad ually obta in appointm r nt "'.Th~' n h ll"a tilill hl·ill,!.: g rat uito uS. lhi, is lIot Ihoughl an~ hardsh ip alldtill' ITjnt iolb an ' <I b,o lutdy 1l" I ' t '""ar~ fur the good (If t ilt' 'l 'nit I',for "'1I1lH' ~olll h~ who ha,,' l"I 'I " i" '1I hanl1 ~ an ~ I'd llrali"n at a ll ,l iT

nominated to 10111'(::(' bv lIlt'mlle'!" III I"O Il g-fl-' '',

The uovcrnmcm of 't hl' ..thon! i.. admini..ren-d by the Iollnwitu;" lIit C'I"" under the' .t:"lI\T rJln r: I ) a comma nda nt of mid..hipnu-n ( .... hoj .. a commander in rhr IM \ ' \ . ami '.!) l\\c,I\ I' ......i..ra nt commandan t­

\\ ho an-ficutenam r fll1llTl ;~nd ('f' or lieun-nant-, in thr- na\~ ) . or theLuu-r. t hree an' a ...,j...ran t in... rrurtu r-, clf -eaman..hip and naval ladic'.with the -euior [ullir r- r] tx-ill1,! in I ·har~t· flf the .\farion. Two an'in-mu tor-, uf gunnel"' infarnrv IMti, , and fie-ld artilh-rv , and there-mainder art" ' a tt il r h~d to the 'S lI nt N' and C o nftil u t io n • .... here theyperform duties of commanding nffin'f" and in-aructor-, a., above.

Coder the-e offin..rs discipline is carried out hy an adjutant, sub­adjutant. ca p tain- and Zd captain" of ('fC"''' r-ho-en fro m arnonzthe -tudcruc.

T he ba"i" of orgaruznrion of -tudent-, fur drill and discipline L~ III

gu n nt'''''' of IH. car-h commanded h~ a captain and Zd capt ai n ( whowear di-tingui-hing mark- } and .... ho rnu-ter and rcport their crew" tothe adjutant on each oo-acion nf fallin~ in to parade for meals. drill".ru-. The adjutant reports to OIl(' of the in~trurtor" '" ho i:- officer of theda~" and ren::i'e" order" from him tn deliver to thr- captains of uun,"n'",".

The numhn of a 'lUdl'llt al h i ~ ~u n ~in'" him thl' numlwr of hi~

hammod; or 1)I·d . hi~ p\;UT al tahir, and r\TT)th in~ of tha t d'''I"riplion.In nrdl'r to ;U T U, W I1l t hnll tn ta ll' command, thl'Y arl' in tllrn

matI'''' of d(·(l~. hall~ fir I1IMl"" for a da~ . du rin.g .... h il"h t irol' t hl' ~ a n'e:\:ru....·d {from ! HTilat ion", Ilf "'Iud~ ilnd a n' re~pon~ihle for .111 thaIha ppells on th eir dt'cl or fllMl r, k"'I)I'('ia llyl that th,'n ' i, no infrart ionof diS( 'iplin e, All infract ion", Ilf d i,,-iplilw or mi~I M' ha" ior a rl' rq )llrlt' d10 Ihe commanda nt of midshi pme n or III hi", a",i" lants in char~e of,hi p", \\ ho aw ard pUlli"hment accor di ng to a publ i,hl'd ",cail'. .-\ 1 a(Trtain hour a writt ('n reco rd of pu ni,hnll' llts I,f I'!Tnl....·' of th l' prc(ed­in!.: d ay i, read out. O n Ih is, ;IIIY m idsh ipman is a llowed In '-t'lld ill awr ith'n exnN' for hi", o lT" IISl',

T IH' whok I,f lh\' mid sh ipnH" n ;In' di \·id l'd inl o I W ll o r mon ' ",hi pn\' ws for n..err i"" I1n hoa rd IIH' pran in' ship" and they go on hoardthem t'\'('f\ Sa l un!;I\, ll l" oft('ner frlr t·M' rd ",,·. TIli'Y fill ('\"ery posit ionbUI c(lm l~aTl d i n .!.: ,;lIkcr - a lld a r(' on'as iona lly nn krn l to lak e{'har,g(' durin.c: il rnallt· u\('[", Wl wlI t ill' praeti l"r shi p~ go on the ir'1l11111ll' r 'T ui",·, lh l' 1"l111ll11andallt of Iht' lII id~h i p lllt'n la l l'''' f har~1'

IIf Ihl' squadron,

lUi ( )It"h.:r I'ETJ:R 1 ·.I ) E~ ·s RLI'o RT OF T HE I'ROCEEIlI ;\"(; S

.\ t Xew port a lil r~e n umhn of wntr hnu-n an' c'l1lplll~nl to ~T IIMt110 -t udcnt i~ ocynnd bouudv wit hout If'an ' and t ha i 110 wine. -pint-.o r toharrn l'n tcT" t ht' ectahlichm rm. At Annapolis I h i ~ i~ not n-quired .

..\ uumla-r of r-ivil profl ' ~~o~ and a ~" i ~l alits ... nmdlll't t he st udir-,but ha H not hing to do wit h thr di"l iplille of t ill' lolkl.:t'. The~ an ' a-,

fo tlnw", : profe",,,,)Pi of a~trnnolll~ . n;\\ 'il.:atioll. .unl " lI r\'('~ i lll.: , witha""i"ta nt l", l : prol e....."' lr l,f rna themnt ic-. wi th av-i-ta nt ; prole-or .,fna t ura l ami experimenta l philo-ophv. with a,~i~tant : prnfC"-"'lr oferhir-, ami Engli~h -tudie-. with ao.i-tant ; p role-cor of French. withac-i-tant ; prufc.........r clf Spani-h. w ith av-i-aant ; prore''''lr nf draw ill1.:.

wit h av.i- ta nt : two cha plai nc: t wo surgeons : a rruumi ....,u~. a I);\ ~ ­

master , a libra ria n. a nd a «or- keeper.The mes-, is su p plied hy the com llli~s;H~ and is rxrellent and w('II

-crved: a ll the servants a nd r olun-d men a rr- appointed h~ tlu­rnm l1l ls.Sary .

The I·olldilion" of (, llt r~ to till' folk~t' ocin~ \Tr~ e;by. an d thepatro nage of appoinuuem- hdn~ thrown into the hand- of c'H r~

, ·arjc·ty uf r-lav, of the population . it i-, IICT("''''l ry to -ubjot the hll~" tna -evcrcr di", ·ip liIH' than with u-, in En~land and tn treat them withgrea te r Iormalitv . " ·ith u-, the hortw life of all the Ilfl~" ha-, lx-en muchthe same and all have pav-cd throuuh .1 /.:ood puhlir o r private ",'huol,but in Ann-rica th ey corm- from their homes or Irom "ma ll S('hool..""hert' t hey han " leam t hu t little , alld IWllc{' the J1('fl, ...... ity for li lt'd i"mi"sal of so man y.

..\moll ):\" the dc'fens of t tlt' instit ution I look on the wan t of a defin edplay hou r a" (me of till: .~ n· ' I ((...;t, Gun eXlTf i'o(" i" madt' 10 ta k(' t lJ(" plan 'uf pla ~ , ;lIld nn "pon", or J.:amt".. a rc" t"nllTed into for want of lim!""..\ notl l('r ddeft i" t hc" t'mire a lJ'oCntT of rrli~iOl '" ilbtrunion hC'ynmlatt('lHling- ","r"ire (Jnn' a \\l'c'k. Ottlt'r min or ddnt~ an" p('fhalr­'Itt rihut;\hk to thl" dilflTl'Ilt ~tate nf ", "i ,· t~ in .\ nll'r il; m from til ;,1in En..-:land"

T hc' /.:ft'a t L.. t \\ hit h t(1mt" ~ (Jut l,f till' c...tahli~ hllll" llt of IIIC" n,lIq.':I"

in thc' npinil,n (,f t illI"" hc"'l ljualilin ! h~ ('X pl"fit"llli' til j lldgc' - j..;m l1 l"1' u~dul "rJ i tT~ a rt' Illl\\ added to t ill' .\ mcr iran nan t han l)('folTthe (·oll('ge l'xi~trd,

J A 'U~ S G. (; l ll l t l ~~ " On ;ll .

CII/'/lli". RnYIIJ X Il1 ·Y

ot· Titf'.

RH OD E ISL\,\"f) (a:XER.--\1. , \ SSE~ I B I.Y, 1787-1790

h}' h w r" II . Pl)\.ISlloo"

D'"I", r ll,U"nl or lI i,lu ry, II "nl..,. Coil.,!!. ,

lcoll l inw·d frorll J" ly. l ' l ti fi, in.i d .. I>:u·\'; I·O\'l' rJ

'1' 111'. SH·TF..\ IBI'.1l: 1787 SE S ~I(}X Of Tilt: I.H:! sl .A1TIl:E I'

..\ h hough neither the majHrit~ nor minoritv approved uf t he con­,'oking- the " \""" ml"~ " the Iorrner becau-e thev ""i"hed to a void bc.-illg"pu-hed h~ rlu- latter to 1J("g-atiw a motion for -cndinz I~'kgate~ III

C(>fH,,'Te"~ . and the latter lx-cau-e t h("~ were "lift" t he' Iormcr wouldnot embrace ;tll~ federal nu-a..ure tha t should be propo-ed. yt·t t hemnjoritv dlll~i n ,L: rather tn rivk th e cOIl'o('q unlct"s of rrf u..ing" to "('11(1Jklq:~ at (''' tll ( ;lHl g:rc'SS. than ti l k-t the G t'lw ra l A"'o('m l,Jy fal l a "I"1·mldunn-;" e ithe-r for wan t of thr aw'ndann"of a member o f c.uh B OUSI",ur , which miu ht have been mort"di"l:!:r.udul to their pan y. h~ dcclar­inl.: t he warrant of a rnnvocatam "a t the n-que--t of Gon'rnor Joh nCollin"] illceal , made pmvi..ion for an at te-ndance of <l nu-mber ofboth H (l IN' ~ , the' fir-a day, and for dailv <attendance until a quorumof th e Low er 11011"1' had a-ccmbled . which took piau' on Tue...d,l\, ."\c: ptem hn II ., and then thl' ~ prrlCc'("c!nl to bu-iru-....,.

The" Lower 1I00N " h~ OIl C' of t he ir hod~ n-que-n-d hi" Exrdlc"n("~

tilt" (;O\'("I1\(1 f {john Collins] 10 la~ Ix·fon ' rhem the bucine.... onwhich he had fOl1\'oknl t hell]. H t' anllrd in,l.\ l~ a plx'a rn l Ix'for e 11]("

11" 11 '0('. a11l 1 in a ~h(lrt ft-dnal ~ pt't"r h. illf"flllt' d tlwlll t ha t hl" had("; lllt'd thelll IO.l.:I,tlll"r on ;JITlllilII uf a k iln 111" had retT in 'd frum thl 'Prc""ide llt of CHn~r("·"~. uft:-ill.g- tllt" Stah' in tht" "tro ll/.:l"~ t \t'n u s im nw­di;I(l" ly to ""IUI 0 11 J)de~;ltc' ~ to Cougn"".. for m;lII~ n'a""l"' : hut pa r·t itular" Ihott th("~ mig-hi lx' pre"l"nt \\h('11 th(" (;('llI'r,,1 [FI"d t' ra l( :llll\t'ntillll ~hollid rq)on. whidl h;J~ cl:i i l~ t'xl)("lt(Od. H i~ E XfdJtOnf ~

ha..-in t:- finishc"d hi~ ~PC'("t h, I;lid tlte kiln U ll t he t;lh lt- and ft" tin"d "T he 11 0 11"1' tl]("11 adjourl1I"d. The flext fo rc·nclIlII. \\"t'dlwS(b ~ {j une

I '! ], ntH' llf tilt" lllilllJrit~ d t '~i ll'd tha t lilt' I ' l l ~ im·"s 1111 \\ hil h Il lt ' ~ WI' I"I '

'; .\'tc,·pm / Hn "ld , S'·l't . 20, 17/17 .''' .\ , d ...dLlI ...1 ",...,ti,,>: of Ill<" ( ;,'r,,·ra t ,\,"·ud,h L,ilnt ill .\ IlI(U. t uf 178 7 fu r

""rot of., ' l"ul ur ro to r o ndull 1>",; ","". rh,· t:o,""ll" I'arl", ,'a l(,·r t" avuid lInd ·l,·n .' >: ;1,11;0" " I tt u IHohh·m ,.f II,.. '-,·d"r" l ( :u",·..rlliuu. crnn·l r d th .. ,,· ...ion h ,nu t .l w·ndinOl

11;

II H [O ctob er 1%11] 11~ I

('(O Il\'oli,cd might lx- tak en up, an d wac seco nded; hut the OR..\CLE[jonat ha n J. Hazard1of t lit' rna jorit y tho ught ot herwi-a-. He th ou ght,:-'I r. Spe aker [O thniel C or-tun ], that it would lx- lx'<t to take lip thi simportant mailer in till' cool of t hc morning, that it would lx- hl,,,t

to rnnxuh their pilloWJ upon it. It wa " replied thai rh i-, could not Ill"an arduous busim-s- th at requ ired the cons ultation of pilloWJ. thaige n tl l'ITI I'1l ha d had alread y n ne ni,ght at least fur cons ult ing the ir/J illoWJ, intimated prl'lI y dearl y th at the majorit y wanted 10 meetand consult i ll 11111 and solemn ,01/1'/, 11(;01/ on th e subject, and , 0 11­

wntcd. bIT<J IN " I ' UP ,)( N' , Ilt' could not help it , that it should Ill'postponed for remxidcra tion unt il th e cool of the IWXI morning. Themornin g lowered . and hcavilv in cloud" brought on the da ~ , theimportant da y. hig- with disg rare and infam y,

The quest ion wa s proposed , a nd a de bate ensued . in whic h th eminority addu ced and urgt'd such aruurnentx on the affirmative sideof the question as convinced e\'ery spect a tor, a nd must han' ( '011­

vinced t he majomv them-elves : bUI bound by the solemn il'a g-ue and{'oH'llalll they had r-ntr-rr-d into at the Convention the night lx-Ion-,if was impossible 10 force them to yield to their convic-tion . TheOR.-\( :I ,E was oblitn-d to sta nd tilt' contest almost ulone : for , ('Hept­ing a crac-ker d isl'harged now a nd th en hy the little H ypocrite . who-ometime- , prates so prettil y from the sou th-side of t he H ouse no om­rnrnc forth to the suppo rt of our intrepid He w . Unahashr-d he stood.as rver- ,If fJ Rf.l '- lnll kl"T did in pillory. and. biddin g defiance to com ­IlIOIl sel\<;(', ant! pointed reasoning. as often as he had a dlalH"t', ln­furiousl y scu ur-n-d about him fire-brands, arrows and death. swea r­ing he would fight up to his knees ill blood for r-onfedcration . Af te-rra\·illg . unt il he had pllt him-e-lf out of breath , he dos('d the dehatew ilh de d ari n,g that Ollt last Ikkgatt 's ill COlI gT('SS had . in a ktter to

the State. h inted thai it was OlH' design of th( ' [Fednal] Conn'ntiol1llJ (it'p rin' th is St al e of an t'q ua l \'o ilT \,ith the rest . a nd th at Ii(' would1H'\er COllSt'n t to s•.'ndi ng Dekgat es to Congress, until Ill' sho uld ht'anlllaintnl with the report of the Conn-minn , If impruden ce amIp..' N,\·tTa IHe int itll' to vin ory in a polil i('al ('ontes l, the \·inory. Oh !J -ll-t h-n \'o'a s justly th int' , The question IX'in g put , wllt'thn lht' .",-s.sem·bly' wuuld S(: nd Dell'gatl'" tll COllgn'", . /l OW or /l o t was d"'lc.' rm int'dag a in"t sen d ing Dl'l t'.l!;ales to COllgTl'S" at thi s tillle by a majority ofeight. As soon as th e q m,,,tioll was dt' citkd . awa y mardwd the major­ity with tlwir k adn a t t hei r Ilt'ad tu a suita hk pla ('e of rt'fre sh nwnt ,

there to ta lk OH' !" an d rejoin' at th e ir ill-gott en \·i l."l or~

A lIlot il'n wa s made t hi-, sa me Thu rsd a y [SI' ptl'lu hn 13]. th atr itiz{' ns of ot her Sta tes who had tendered papn of th r- lat e emissionfor dcht-, due to the rit izen-, nf th is Sta te, a nd had lodur-d it withilll Y Judgt, wh o ha d depo-iu-d it in th e Treasury. might, IIp,,n appli­r-ation 10 the T reasurer, ami producing th e prolwr doc um t'ntst "

receive it ag ai n, O ur Oractc "1"0"1: in opposi tion to the motion. andh~ ' thr- di nt of his sa.c:a ri ty and fon'sigh t saw in it gins, l ra ps andsna res. TIlt' g{'nt!em en wh o made it. to explain tln- m atter to him,told him that a rr-rtain J ud g-e of th e S upe rio r Court . whr-n th l'.\ sS('m bly held their Session in K ings-Cou nt y lWashington Cou nt~ ]

in Marc-h last . in form ed them that a person hdongin ,l!; 10 th e Statl'of Con ncct irur had tendered and lodged papn mOIll'y with himfor a debt due to a cit izen of another Sta te. expf('ssin /?: h is doubt swhether an inhabitant of an other State could leg-ally make a tenderin papn for a debt du ... to a cit izen of this accordi ng to the r rn i tlin~

act , That the Assemblv werr- of opi nion that he ..:ould not, and a tthat S.'s"ion pa.ssed a ll a rt 10 th at purpnse explanatory of lilt' e-mit­ting ac t. H r- Ilatl v den it'd th at suc h an art had rver pas-a-d , a nd pIT-sistt' d in his denial e\"(' 11 wh en the gt'n tll'lllan told him that h rln-wth e ,I( t. an d tha t he , tlu- O r(/I"/,' , was by him whr-u he made th draft ,Th.. , Srl lt'd llies [of printed law s] were produced. a nd the a rt a lludedto wa." read . Th... ,g"ent!t-m <l ll thr-n addressed the Spea kr-r [O thnidGorton ]. an d turuin t; him self to his ant agoni-t , gan' him "1I(" h asevr- rr- drrssin,C: as would han' made a mule flinch , an d ha n ' extorteda confession of mistake at least , from th e 11l0"t inco rriciblc. nbstinatcnffrndcr against truth anti comm on d tT('n f~ ; hut he a tt em pted toevadr- th e lash hy (kn~i llg th at the ac t was r-xp lan atorv, and heseemed to nlc.' in\'ariahly to prr sen l' his llIuscles ami th e colour ofhis checks

As tht , (·haranl'f" of the () rl/ d l ' ent ers inlo, a nd is <;() i nt i ll1<1 l el~

mixt'd with th t' do illi-..... of th e .-\s..nnhl ~ . it is horX'd that Ihl' str ir/ m es

1:" [ h,' "IHOP l"< dun'''''' ''l' ' ,',-.f,-n",ll" "IMw,' "n' "h,nIH' ,in...· t h" n ' i' "" 011"'1,·,·id,."n' '1Il th;, i,,,,,' "S1"'I" Ih"II<:;""";" Ed"" n 'l'u,l<. 'I h,· (; """,,,1 '\""ll1hhI'rohihi t"d I"nd,'" of IMp'" hil1.< h\" " ,,(-uf.' l:ll'· ..ili/"n' to clwi, Rh" d .. Is l:" ,dn"di(o", "I it, ~l a l , 1r tiB7 ",,,ion. ,\ p l' " n ·m h·, hm"'\""I. wn1<' CnJdn, ...-"r<'mild" ;1Il'W;'" ,,,,d lotlll"..d w;lh j"d~, " "ho tI,,'n ,,,m lh ,' flln d, 10 Ih,-- u "" " on·' .T r". l',olJO'nJ hill would h"v" 1'"""in,·.-1 ttl<" I,·ttan of Ih",,' h'ndn, and lh"dOl" " " " " l> in '1I1nt;on ttl"sT 1)<" 1"1<::01 O"\·i.-1,'n,·' · of "" i,,,,fT,·ni,·,· C" nd,', "f 1'''1''''nl u n,.." h,' ,."t.of·,wc,· «"hl<-nc>.

I:!II ( )\Iohn 1% 6] I :! I

L hav c nuuh- u pou it ", iJlllol 1M' r-un...idcrcd a'" a n unpardonnhh-, ifa nv. diun-......io n f m m the ....·o IM· of m~ na rra nve.

.\ u a ft p..1. ...-cd appointin c pt'N 'Il"' ltI receive- the inu-re...t homl~ andn,lkft t he mnnt"~ rhen-on.?"

" ·hl'll tll(' hu ..ine--, wav up onrlu- tapi-. it beearne a llw·...non wh.ulilt' IM·NlIl ... .... ere to n-r eivc of Iht" ohli~op. for l'ath imen-c t hOIH!. amiIWTt· lilt' ullin' w a p llt uI' In ;\111 l inn . tll the 1lI('IllIMT'" of Ih t" Lu .... n

11 011 >,(' and the Lo r-r Hou....· "lll ~ , nll t a... a nu-mber w itt ih " IN·I"\ TtIa'" at rmnmon vend ue.... to t hr- h iC lw~( b idd er h UI to Ihl' lo.... t...l hidde-rof t hem a ...hillinz , nin .. pt' lllT and ix [".'11("(' \\tTt' hid . a nd. ;ll'Iord-ill/.:" tn rhc nat ure o f the auction , it a truck off 10 ... ix pt'IHT.

II wa... a bout the printing of t h i aft that the Illajorit ~ di .... o\ lTt·dthe-ir ...ph'r-n aga in... t th r- hOIlI·... t . impa rtia l primer of th t' X l'lI'/l/lTt/J,-rl/ld.

Tlu-v ordered this art In II< ' p l'illlt·tl b~ both tlu- prinu-r-, ill tlu­IOlln ty of l' ruviden o- [John ( :a rln a mi Bennet \\"IH'l'kr ]. but oll l~

h y H Ilt· o f tju- prin te ..... in t hi_ ("Cl II Il I~ [Xe.... pflrl J. lht· nH'ri lor illll ~

prilltt'f o f Ih t' X Cl("pnrl .\lonny [f lt 'n ry llarher]. Peler Ed t·... 10 1)('"'lIft' IIl1N 1101 hI' hClll'filt't1 h~ pll h li ~ hi ng: Ihe ir a I-b. \\" h\ ~' !Jt'fa ll'ol'ht' i... rq:-artkd hy Ih.. minori t ~ . i... all hnnt·...t. Il'm pt.'f;t!t· IIMIi. a nd ap llh li...hrr o f a \·<lIit· l~ ()f intrrt...ti nc trlJt h~ o n la rgr P;\ IMT. .... il ll a Ilt'a lIYfw. Poo r Pt'Wr ! dOIl't 1)(' d i'ol-o llraCl'd ... H o.... t ha i llU Ct'IIt'Wll~

o n k r t·a nw 10 he reH'N·d, pc'nnil lilt' to illfonn Ihe' puhli c. Olle o fthe' nl;l jor i t~, nn Frid a ~ m llm inc :s..·p l('m oc r J.t. ' m m Td tll n 'n ·dcfrum h i... \ot.. in t h(" (,, \Tninc. " ·ht·lht·r th i.. m ut io n ~pr;l1I~ fru m af("ar Iha l Iht' ir part ia lil ~ mi g:hl tlu t h.. primer Ilf ti ll' X ('It '/ lOr l

.Hnnlry l1Io rl' h urt t han I:-ood. h~ ind ufing -"t..II1(' (If Iht' mi no rity10 tlm J) h i, p;:lpc' r. \~ho IMH' h ill ll" rt ll fo ntilllwd II) t<lkl ' it pun·ly flUto f pil ~ to t il(' IMlor printrr, o r \\ I\('tlll'[ il <l ro.... frolll a "l' II"'-' of IInc, 'n ­l'rIJIl '" fOlldlll t I lea n ' 10 o1 1 1l' r~ III tk tt·rm inl'. 111~ t1i... p...... it il,n.. I ~ I Ir U...1i... lIl1' f a'l' of tht· r('a tkr. ah, a ~ ~ k aelin.1:- IIIl' 10 pUI 1111' lllmt I h,l ritahk(nT1 ~t futl in ll I f;1l1 0 11 t ill' an il,n... I,f lit !tn ' . T he ITn '" ioll I ,f t h i ~ Illt'111 ­I)('f dn'\\ .. ,lht·..... ;,l. JIlg \\ ilh it. ;11H lt h i. 1l1dlll'r l'lld n! a '" \\1'1 1» lllichtII<' l'xll<'("II 'I\'

( )II Frida ~ anflllwl' kiter \ \ ;l' ITl t'i\t 'd fro lll (;oll.l.:n' ''' . 1 \ l n lC"'t l ~

:"'-11)(' 11- i." rd ,·r... nl·" I" II,,· "" "I i/"II: '· 1..",,1< "ll n',,1 "'1"1" ",h;,-h "Tn' 11';",.1)a , ,,· ... ,Hi ,~ ro. Ih, ' pal"" ",oru' ~ 1" ;IIO .·d h~ , h., 'Ial'" lJuJ"r til<' "I"iui,,\( ,,1'1 "f.\t ,,, I 781i. "1"."", .... ""rn· "PI..,;n kJ 10 n-.... in- lh .· bond, "ud iUlI·, ... 1 JUt· onI""n. ,

pn ...~ ing: t ill' SI;IIt· tn -cnd 1111 Ddt·_l.: a t t·~ to C:o'H:n·". II .....a-, m o\ c<l

h~ the minorn v to n·...urm- the' ll \ll....rion for "l'ndi ul:- Ikltos:att·.. 10 Con­l:rl'''. h ut Ihl' IIMjnril y fht .....· tn consult their /,il101i'j . Hlhl' f\\-' i'C' toho ld a nd r-on-ult ill a Com-cntian 011 the O(T;I~illll a- t hr-v ha d done"dure. and it \\ ;I ~ Mflirdinl.:l~ po- iponcd unril thr- fool of tli e " ,.. .v1

m orning. B~ thr - hy " " .... t·(llJlr~ ir to P" " Ih ,lt the uMjoril ~ who an't"1('fll a ll ~ ho ldill .C: C01l , 'I'n lio nJ a rt" .10 biltnly IIp po.....-d ttl the (;enrr;11[ Federa l] Con"'nti oll o f rhr- S I,l lr"'? ber-auv- pn hap"t lll'y m,l ~ im ae­illc-' tha t t hi-, ( ; ra ntl Convent ion will ", ;d lo .... lip their delectableIiule nm-v,

Saturd a y fJ lIlit· 1:·'1t ht· m orning a ga in lo\\ rfnl, and t ilt' q Ut·...tiouranu- on . Tln- (hal'll' and some others kept back, h ut Illt'y ha darranged their troop... "'0 pt:rft'nl y the p recedin g nig ht , as to wrurra majorit v o f t h rre ,t.cai nst .....-nding Dde.g'ltl·S to Cong res-, 1I0W.

T hey pave -d an M I. upon lht ' R(~ <;'( lllll io ll of Congre ....... rr-que....tingIht' Sla tl~ to repe-a l a llY la ws repugn ant 10 the Tn'al ~ wit h Greut ­Brita in . dl't-b rin l.:' Ih;lt Ih ,.. ....Iid Trealy wa... a law (If Ih t' la nd . a lldlh al it .....a ... in no n·...pt·tl 10 bl' n' ceded fro m . mi .... -olbt n lt'd o r \·io­Iall'tl Thi~ art I "'UPIM N' \ \ i11 ht · pllbli~ht'd . ,\lid I p r;\\ that it nl<l Y1M' ma rkt'd \\ ith a \\ hit l' ... IOllt·.

.\ n ;I t! pa ........d ~ra n l i llg a tax of Ih irt y Iho ll.;;m d IXJUlH.... in pap("fItl he· p,a id iU ltI Iht, Tn'''~ lI r~ in J all u ,, ~ Ill·"t . 10 tM' appropriatedlo wart!... di'ol IMrgin.l{ till' St all' d ebt .. ,

The printi p lr ;tn... ",hi. h p.l...."l,d thi... Sl'...io ll. \\ ("ft' tho"l' \\ hi. IIlI;tHO he'lon IIlt·lll iont·d ; ;t luriou~, a pologt'lit-a l kllt' r to (:o n l:-n' " ..." ign ing rt"a"l.n ... fo r not '>t' lltli llg Ik k t:!;Ilt'... to ti lt" [Ft·tlr ral] Con­"·lll ioll . ~ 1 a p rolt·...t of t ill' lIl i ll orit ~ . :·:! a nd a n ,<;,( ,lu lio ll rl.'" q ur-.l ing- Ihl·(;o \ r n lo r h~ Irllt' f In in fo rm t hl' I' ft°~ idt'n t IIf COIlCrr ...... Ihat 1\' 0Ikk~aH·... \\l'n' di n· t'!n! 10 a llt'nd t hl' ir ho(l ~ 011 Ihl' (il'l :\l (lnda~

:.I' I·lli, lo-ll..r ,,"'·, I..d tl"'1 Ih.. Co" 'll',,,1 .\"...nhl~ d ;d IIot I,,,,·.. tI,,· PO""'''' 10"lin Ih,· f"ndam,·u l;11 I.. " of Iot hud.· I' ]a nd ""ilhou l n"" " ]l i,,1l' I!I,· P<'<-'"k ; lUIth;. ".""':>". i , had " " ."' I I, ,,, i l ~ I" " ·,,d d,·kg"l... 10 " h -d "" ,1CO"' .." I;Oll ...hit' h" oulJ ,,,i,,· a '...... n;l(;o" ,,1 ,·OIl'I;II1 ,iol). -r I,.. It-~;,I.' hJl'' fuJl lll·r d "illwd IhalIot h" J ,· I, I,,,, J h" J " In ·,uh' dun.. ih i->aJl in . In ·''ll' tl''· lIill\( ,h,. f..J"':I1 '''' 'rill h,i/ i";IIi/ CO"I("·" l"-''''''r "",., i" I"''' '' li"",,1 h "d .· anJ tI,,- rii/hl ' 0 ,ax ,hi, ' -0 11I­

""", ',.. For ,III" l,·un 'I.'. (;"\ ...."01' Colli ll> tu tI... I'r..,;'lo-II 1 " f t :.,,'w...·,'. I" (;!"I' ­'·la l .h ...."bh . :"O,·wl""I . S,·pr 17. 171\7. Pap.·r' " f ,1... ( :"",i,wu,al ( :o tlll: r..".S,,,,.. 1'"/,,·,, of ({ h" d. · 1,[;",d . .\1. ,.. N", io"" l _\ ,, ·h i...... '1117- ... 1111•.',' lh-hO:l; n" n k ll.UN""k x. ~5). :.! ."8-:1)'I .

·-' ~Th.. mi tloril~ 1> 1'''1'''1 "';1 ' ,i lt'",·J b ~' J r"Ul i... ,·1 ....1,·,1 fr",,, :"O"wlJOrl anJ1' , ,,,, i,Jr- ru''' _ Fo. lh;, J ...-" " "-,,, ,', ." " ,1, St.,,,· 1''' 1''-' ' I.r Rh" J .. I,bud . .\1-. .•~ alio ll., ] .\ n·hi....,. 'l":.!·Y',I. 1I.,nk lt . U,.",d ,. X . :!"".:.! !~I _

O ctohl'r [ ~ J/'iliJ I :!:\

ill Xovcmbc r next. thai mea-urec '\t'n' taken I" t he '\""l'mhh {orh;I\ ' in~ the State dul~ reproerued . and thai I h{'~ had not ~;wn ordersfor their nt'le~alf' '' t::"uill~ forwa rd pre viou- , to that tim e-, un der ;III

appre ben-ion that the St iltt"" would 1101 g:c'n('fa ll~ lx- rqm'''l' Iltl'd ;11( :l l tl ~n'"'' until their llln't ing: for till" ne xt ~ I' a r",

The session r lo-vd with a "n' ll(' "hockin,1:: to humanitv . Thl" waitn"produced thei r ;U"("Clll llt.: of da~ " aucndauo-. lea \'in!!; it to t he H OIN '10 allow -uch " 11m" a" the~ -hould judge propn for their "l·p,in'''.wh en '«mw member-, of the ~ l a j f)riI Y , .... hu had granted ab und ant"urns of no minal mun e-v 10 their f;lw lurih's. he-itatrd to g:i n' them areasonable allowan ce. , .. .-\ sen'!"I' and long altcrcatinn took plan'on this rxcasion w hich wou ld have terminated ag:ain"t IIlI' wain-r-,if the Spea ker [O thnie l Gorton], to e;in' him hi" dIU', ha d nothumanely inrerpo-ed in favo u r of. and hy hi" influence procuredthem a tolerable reward.

Thus ended t lu- th ird SI'....ion of 110t the (lid wil" . hu t Ilf thl' pre-e-ntfI' / \ t' , <'iTt lWUJ. jlll t. [edeml admini-a rariun.

TU t: O CTOBt!l 178 7 St:SSIO:-; ot' T IIF. L F.c;lSL." 'It IU: ~·1

Oil \\"n lne'ida \ the J I ct of O crob-r holh H ou-e-, of .-\'''l'mhh- wC'reformed. when Ih;' ~ Iemlx'''' of the Lo .... e r Ho u-e for the b'l hair elftilt' \ea r took Ihc'ir "l'a l' ;lnd re-d l'cwd Ihl'i r fomlC'r Speakc'r \f h hnid(; o/"ton ] and C lc',k [john S, Ik xtl·f]. ~.•"0alte rat ion" of l'IllN 'q uello'han' het'll madc' in the Ill'W rkd ion ; thl ' "alll(, pri nf i pk~ whi r h ha"[lie] for ;Ihno"t IW U ~ l' a", d i, tr aflnl our St;t1t', ~ Ii ll foml' Ihe rul ingduranc'ri,t ic" of 11ll' major il ~ .

.\ Bill for 1"(l h '-b;l in <~ th .. Jim ',' Irad.. prt"'oC.>ntnl hy ttll' 'oI>("it"t~ ufFr iC' IllI". W;IS Iht· 1i"1 hu , illl''''' which rl1 ~a~c'd Ihl' att ention of Ihl'1I01l 'i(' . .\ 1110 tiol1 was madt, to pnstpom: 11ll' fon~idl'l"alinn of il totill' Iwxt 'i(·", ion . 'l" t hl' Bill "a~ III'W alld of ,grea t importance hiltth i" molion .... a" o\ l'f ult'd. all d Ihl' Bill pa ' 'i('d hy a \ n~ la rg:I' majority .T o thr a'toni"hllll'1lI of thl" puh lk, chi' kadin~ 1ltl/ll'T mlln l'.1' ",.."'­/un ,tolxl forth in "llpp0rt uf thc' Bill. rt'pmhalin,g 11ll' tr ;uk ~ll nnh,\~ inlllllll;U1, h ut a " IInj lN a mi a ~ ' lil l 'l thl' I" inrillll'_' of 1II0ItI{ifr tllld,, 'Jiginll . , , How far th i" li a pp~ PI'lI'I)C'(( "f rC'!orllla ti"l1 pllHlTdnl

:'''.\' .."po.1 11... ,,1d. :\0,,-11,1711 7.:" "' hi!.' lh,' uVp'· r I"......· ,,,, d all ~ .." ... a l olli,,'" of 110 .· _l.ll< ' "".'ro · .-I...-lt·d

" " "".ell! ill II,...vr inc . tI, .. lu""n hou'" .. " . d ..n.-tJ ,..",i.. " ..""I" ill Ih .. ' 1";"1(., ntJ i.ell -11,,-,.. frul"'--Il I C'lo-nio". ~",.•- " d"III'-K' ''I;' ' a"d lut ..1 cou. ' ,n III.. ' "u(,

Ill' " of 1>c ,lil;'" in k h.",l.. I,b nd.

\\ ill apPC'ar h~ 11H' sub-eque m procced inc- .Pr-i va te 1)C·tition" employed the anention of the Hou -e until Frid;I ~ '

nou n [Xovember '1], .... hen a rnot ion made at a form er "'C'",ion waxn-m-.... ed for what i" ftlr<f,rl/(l' calh-d "(1 moT,' C''11W/ TejJTn.'nlaliml, "in the I.OWl'l" I-lOllS(' of ;\s.'iC.'rn hly, or in other w ords. tu r{'(IUlI'l ilt' lar J.:l· town' to rhc num ber of the -mal h-st two me-mlx-rv for1' ,11 h. .-\ mol ion for referring it wa -, negatived b~ a majoril\' (If nnc ;il ....a" ,aftl',",' ard-, a,g reed to, and 011 ' lhursdav of till' next 'C'",ion thi­important que-non i" 10 be decided ...

.\ reporl on the public ktt{'f"i \'- ;1" now calk-d for. The k tl l'r IrnmCOIlJ.:re"s and Tr llO TI of thr [Federal] Com-ention I)(~ing read. ~I r.

[ HenryJ starcnan t, a member from ~C'W Pflrt arose . and observedIIMt perhap-, there neve r w a.: a mailer of more cnllscq uc'IlCe be forethe H ou-e ; hUI <rill as it wa." the people ar Iarge .... ho wert' to deter­mine rhi-, momen tous q ue- tion. and the General ;\s'i('mhl ~ \'-eIT th emedium throu gh which th e people were to receive thei r report. hewould not enter into the mer its or [he q uest ion . 110r ant h-ipatr- the-cnti mentv the rood people at la rg-t' ente rta ined of it. but wished tha tth,'~ might consider it with ('00111(">" and deliberation . He thereforemade a motion in wri ting, which .... ae -eronded h~ the nu-mbe r- of:\l"wpnrt <tnd I'rcl\'idenlT, for printi ng th t' proper-c.'d ('on"lit lltiOIl IIIIw tran 'millnl to Ihc' "C' \t'rallcl\'11 '" n ·c'ollullt·ndin .l.:' t hem 10 appoi nldl'k~a t c' " 10 nUTI in cOll\Tnl ion to nlllsidt'r and dl'le rm illl' Ihl'l"eoll.and forward Ihc' ,,<I me II) Con grc''''' : llpo ll which il warm OPI)cl';t ionloo k platt ·, and lIw merits of the Cnnslitution weft· l a rc:d~ c'nll' f('1!intn. and c'\Tr: ~llg~("Sti()n made that m ight prejud ice tht' mind, Ilft ill' peop le- ' tno mil ch prejudi ct"d alrTady ) 10 any plan which dol,'"lIot q ua dl'all' wilh tht'ir darlinJ.: pri \' ilt',ge" nf maki l1 ~ 1"II'fT mmll'Y,Thl' weak and gWlllldk ..." SlJ.ggl'''l ioIiS of the major ity wen ' an swl'lTdh~ th l' m inllrily .... ilh Ill;lnly t rulh allt! dn ickd a rgu nwnl". hut all W<l'

in \'ain: upun Ifw qUC"'t ioll lX'in.c pil I 10 a~r('f' with it. it .... a..; 1II · ~a ·

li\l'c1 b~ ;1 grt'at lTlaj()ril~ . How('\ er , to prt"'l'l"\'C Ihe appearann" uffn/alll iHlI, thl' HnlN' onkrc'c.l fh{' n'port of tht· [Ft'ck ralJ{:nnn' miollIII hc' prinlt·c1 in handbi ll" ami "'C'nl to thl' -.e\e ra l 10\\1 1" . 10 infu rlllIhl' l11 of \\ lIal t lll' ~ had long" htTll fully "d\'iSl'd of h~ j\'i .L::l' lln alpuh lic:lt iun.

.\ [ Ihe former "l'"iom a \Tr:- "in.gular IIP(l/o.~.,tifil//t'tta wa." "'C'nt10 ( :lIllgrc·..., . ~i\-illg n ',l-"OI\" fur nul "l'nding Iklc',g;lh" thl' rC 'llMimkrc,f t hl'" 1;1 ...1 ft-dt'f,, 1 ~t'a r: but a"uril1~ Cungn'.... Iha t Ih t' ~ hat! lIl,uk

I l,t (), lohn 1_, ·._,prn' l"lnll 10 han' their Ddq :a lr .. forw a rd on 11lI" 111'\\ vr-ar \\ hi. hrom nu-m r-d tln- fir-t \t ollda ~ Hf t hi.. mont h. Commodore •.Abraham" ·h ippl,'. it nu-mbe r from Cra n..to n. r alh-d upnn Ilw H m N ' In p'· r·[ormthcir promi-c. HI' tru ..te-d Ih,'~ did not mean In ~I("fifin· all the-irnat ional houour and In rnakr pn'llIi"(.... wit hout t he It'a "l ~11 1 1'n lilln t,fpl'rfnrmin~ th cm : he aa'nrdin~l~ moved . "that th e Ikln ::a l."" hI'ordered forw ard and provi..ion mnrk- fo r t he ir cupport." Iml 1111"II nll"'l ' dr-clined ,Kt i n~ ther eon . It ill..., moved t ha i Ihl' n-qu i..irion-,of CHIl/.::Tt ...... for the pn·...-nt ~ t" ar m i.~h l 1M' taken up. hilt tlu - motion\\ a.. 1101 attended 10 •••

.-\1 Ihl' la..t se"'..icr a HIlI' pa'....-d rhc Luwl'r H OlN ·. onkrin,g allhohh-rs of ..ix prr cr nt . ..tatr ...-cur irics to n· .ein· a "I'ro nd q ua rtertlu-rcof in t he dcprr-ciau-d pa pt'T m lme y under JX'nalt~ of furfeirun­of th e ..arne. Thi..vote 1111' U ppt'T li mN' did not ad upon : hilt al th i.."(·....ion thr-v .... -nt dOWIl a , 'nit· dircr-ting t ill' holders of them tn ren·in 'the 011" fourth part within two month... hu t upon fai lu re . Ihat till'inn-n-et o n ly ..hould cease." Herr Wi! " a m'w .glim nw rin,g of a n 'lurnnf th ,' hlt·, ..in,,'" of ;,:.ood .!!O/'f'Tn m nl t whi e'h for a long t inl(" had I M'I ' 1l

h;l1li..lwd fwm o llr littll' Slalc ' ; hUl lhl' Lm\l'r H O ll ...., W('fl' ill ~ I fla nwin a IIlnnU'nt . no n.on. urn·l! \\ il h il. ~ lIId .....·nl a "nil' nf ;\ ..illl il" r nllll­

pl"x illll \, ilh a ll lhl' ir papt'r 1lI01)(" ~ a ft ... o rdt' ring Ih i......·nllld quarlfTof lilt' p rin.ipal and intn c·..t fc, rft'i l if th (' hnldef' dn nlll ;lppl ~ fllrIh, · 'iUlll' VI ith in 1\\ 0 mllnth~ . The l : PI)("r H U ll"" \\ it h rdllt 1;1I1IT andh~ iI l1l"joril~ of 0 11(' onl~ rallllln/.:: IC'1l llWIllIJ('I'"J ('I11I,'lIfTnl \\ ilh th i..t· :o.. t r;tnrdil1;1~ f("...oIU linn.

"l'hl' ....·"ion wa" dlN·d VI ilh !-:ra n l.. 10 Iht" wa it('I'" at ..ix for O lll". a mi.... ilho llt repc·ali n.t:: an act a llO\\ illl.: Ilw tt" fI(kr of il at pa r ...

TlI~: FERRL'ARY I iHH St:" "IO:\" OF T1tF. LFl a ";\ .,,,n ·lu ::·':

O il WEll., ESD.-\ Y Ihl· :nt h Il l!. thl ' lIo u......... \\ ('r(' IIrganilnl. \\ hn liI IlWlinn wa .. made ··tha t a Comm ill t·c· I ll' ilppoi nlnl to inq uire intotllC" truth or a dt'{'larati on ma d,· in tht' ];It(' l Ra t i f ~ i ll g-J <:.lllwntio ll

:·..·l ·n.I ,·r , h,' ""))llllan 1'1 " "h'lllkr "f IM}" ..." I in law ful ",on,·,. if "",,,,·cI h)., ,,,'di l"r. di d no' (·xlinl/:ui, 1o , h,' .1"),\ : ",,'h ;l to- nd ..r ..... ould "uh ""1"·1,,1 f", Ih, ',i" ln 1 1' '' )'' )1"11 1' " p Oll Ill<" (Io-hl ""Iii Ill<' n.'dim, \I'" \\'ill i...~ t tl '''-'-''pl ti l"1,,...f,.,. ·.1 I' '' ' '' '' ·n' , . \ c<'o r d ; )l ~ 10 RIo",I ., 1<1; ,,,,.1' , I'''P''' mon'"} 'l'l"!rI ;HI} "IT"1of I" 'l ,,'r ,·ur,, ·nn . if r,.{ll,,'d. ,·""...·1...1 11 r< ' '·llli,,· dril l an d illl'·"·'1 "",...d, Thr s,'r,·j,.,-t<-d I.'rul",s. "fl'" a ,·ompl,·>; I , · ~ . , J I,n" "'I. " ...". for ft·jl,'d 10 II... ' 1;110'. ' I Ill"'''lOll" principl,' "f 1X",ihl<- forki l"'" ..... ,,, " l' l' l i,' d ",h. 'n . h.. ( ;' ·" " , .01 ,\""II1M)I"d ...'u". d Ill<" ~Ia '. · d.-l" .

:· , ;S~" ,,,,,11I,.,,,Id. \f.. rd l to. I i llfl

llf .\ L\ ......aehu -t t-, that Ilw l kkt::a lc'~ of th i.. SI;lIc· had hl·t·n n-calh-dfrom ConRn lu IIll" RH·'II injlJr~ of thr- l ·n ih·d SIa II·..' ": il w av ur eedill -upport o f the nil/lion . that Ih{"o(" ~ugg("ooti(Jn .. \\rf(" eroundle«. thai110 Deleznu- had lx-r-n rr-r-alled , and rhrrrfon- an iuquirv w a.. 1lt'l't'.~ ­

'ilr~ 10 H·trint· Clu r IllIbJir c haructer , \\ hidl had -u tfcrcd m uch in\ ..11 ......q ut"1\( 1' of thi .. mi-n-pre.....-ruation . Somt" !l\('!lllll'I'" ob-erved inrt'ph that the m ol ion wavnot ~u tficicntly rXII·n..ive : if i nlJ "i,it"f couldobliter ate Tt'pwarh n. it ought 10 r-x tr-nd not onl~ 10 th at c ha rge hut10 impurat ion-, th a t we-n- a~a in'l us of a more di",~racdul and ae:.gra­van-d na ture. In t he pron ·....... of rh i.. debate, till" H UIN ' e ntered intoan ill\C'...t igal ioli of t lwir ln rmer proHl"ding.. rel.uive- to t heir l k k ­gall'.. in Cn IlRTI· ..... Irnm wln-nrr- it a ppeared. that it was t he sen-e ofthe HOIl"!· at .\ I a~ ...·.... ion. 17H7, thai the I).- lq?;a l C" ~ sho uld ret u rn.from an idea rh.u then- wou ld nut lx- a CC!l1R'n'~~ during- t he sitti ngof till" Gellt'ral lFederal J Convention . and in ro l1 ~('q Ul' I H't" of t he d if·Iir-uhv of " ll ppl~i nR' them with mOIlt" ~ to ddra~ rlu- npc·n ; t ha t a\·ote to th i... d f, ·rt \\a ~ ahoul 10 Ix pa.........d. .... lll'n il wa .. o), n 'c·d . thai"1I.h a n ·...o llilion. if rnlun'd 10 ....ritine: . mi ,!.:hl 1M' n m..idt"red a.. . o n ·tai ni nt:: a rdlc-nioll nil Ihc' !-:c'nllt" l1lt"n in t h i~ dl'lq?;i!lion . It \\ " .. th!"n"forc Ihout::llI ilion' di .l?; ib lt- Ih a l hi, EX('('lkncy IIIl" (;o\'t"TIlo r ~hou ld

cnllllllunic·att· t ht" ".('11...... of Iht" H uu.....• b~ k llc'r 10 Ih t" Ddt·Raw.... T o,"nfirm Ihi, rd'l lion of facls th t" origi nal "ol r l.: r~lIl ting a ..um of1II0 1ll' ~ III t ill' Iklc'g" I1'" \\ a" produn'd in \\hic'h " I'n' found tht" fol­IOVlinl.:: era",·Tl\c·III..: " in ord", thai Iht'\' mill' ,,,. •'n" hI"d to IJIl l" lid- . .

0,1';' bill , /111.1 "lu,n hOi'll' (lJ locm (1) mill' In'· ' .T tll" <io\( 'TIlo r 1101 hc·il1 .1.:: pn"",·nt durin t:: II... ....· iu ll. il \ o uld !lui I,,·

...... rrtaillnl h lll"llwr h i... Exn ,Uc'!H'\ ha d mad,' 1111" (l ll1l llllllli.alillll..lOr no l : t ill" Ikk g-iltc'" did n 'l urn "lM>II aftl·r . ~Hld Ih t" SI,Ilt' ha .. nolh n ' n ...in,,' rq m· ....·lllc·d in Congre.... lIur ;Hl~ pro \i..ioll madl' for it."l'h, · H OIN· ReI1tT;dl~ ;lIq u it·, ((·d in 1111' t n u h of Ih i ~ lklail. bu t ii'

mu. h had 1"-'1'11 ..a id "" Ihi.. ,," hjc·n. th,' Illolioll ";\.. ag-rn'd 10. amia COlTlm itt('1' \\ {· n· ;Iln, rd i ng- l~ appoint l'd . hUI tlw y h,l"t" nnl H "

mad I' a r"pnl't.1' 1I l" for("go ing d i..cu....io ll o f th l" rl'lll i....lll · ~~ of till' Sla lr in 1101

kn·ping uJl hn l'("prc·..t·n tilti'lIl ill Con.gn·..... , tllg"I IH' r wi th .'l·n·ral[,-WT" rt" ("(·in ·d f rolll tIlt" )'n,..itlcnl an d Set'n·tary or thilt H OIl . Bl)d ~

on t hi~ ..uhjt'll . pr o\t'd a {;I\ c,ra hlt' r ri..i.. for a n·nn~al of til(' mo tion .to ..end f,,n, ani ou r I k ll·.Ril lc·,,; a' ... ,rdi ng h i111 Cln k r wa " matlt' for

I :!I; -OnolM'f I ~ It itiJ 1:!7

ddra~ill ).: thr- exp"'fl("I''' o f the ddq.!<ltillll and in...t ru r-ti.. n .. g: in'n InPd t').: Arn old an d jonathan (J.] H a zard . Esquires. 10 take Ilwir v -ru-,in ( :.. lIlgrt ·...... a" <;fIl Jll a ... p' l"..iblc.

T HE SOC IETY O F FlU E:\,IlS bv a wn o--pcct ab! ... Commil h''''pn·'oj; ·IJI.....I a memorial 0 11 IIJ(' "u b ject of the T t'1! ,J.., II"" J.imil flt iml,a l ...:·: in whi ch . afln oIN'n -illg thai the conti n uance of th .......· law " inthe prc.....-n t ..b-preria n-d ...tate of the c urrr-nc v. \" JII ld h..· produr lin'o f t ill.' grt·a l......t inj u..ticr- and o ppre"...ion a '" well a... a g... ru-ral deprav­in a nd corru plion of moral ... th r-, intrr-atrd that a repeal or <urhanu-ndrm-nt ... flf the 1;1\,,'" m ight take plan ' a '" ma~ in th ..• Iuture pn--\' nt th .......· ..-vil-. Thi... nn-rnorial W ;I '" recei ved a nd ref... rred to till' IU'xl'< ion -. a nd copie-, o f it order...d to 1.It" p rint ed an d Iran ...mim-d tilthe -everal tll\"'l" for th eir .......nrim... IH " on thi.. int n e"'li ng qm·...t jon .T1I... rr( epr iun of t h i... memorial a nd n-ferrinz it to th ..· free-men full ve-,tnbli...h th i... p',..ition : That Ihe General .-\.......mhlv an' rouvinc ...d o fth ... inju ...tin- Hf th ..· T"·IHI..-r an d Lim itation a Cb. a nd it ou ghl to h..·n lll id,,·f(·d h~ all Cllun... o f JU...tif'" a.. ;\ , 'irtual "u"'p..-n ... ion ()f them .II i t111'rdore pn·... IIIJH'd tlMlll1t' fre ,,'!ll<'"n \\ill han' ...nc h a rr.c:ard fort1wir hOllor a nd Itll." d ignih an d h.. ppilU·..... of th ... Siale a'" 10 in ...tnRItllI' ir D"'pu li.."" I... rqx'al th ..·'oj;· unju ...t law... at Ihr n...xt ...·......ioll .. flf' \ "",·mhh . II 11111"1 1)(' Ih ..· wi ...h of .. T en hon", ,' mlln Ihal Ilw appli·c l!ion of Ihi ... RE:\"E\'O I. L \ "T SOCIETY m;.. ~ 1)(' hl,·........·d with..u ..·, ·..·:-,".

Tll liRSIl.\Y [ F..·h ru...r, :!X]_ a c:rt't'ahk to 11\1.' nnkr of 11ll.· d .n'.tlw hi ll f" r n ....trirt ill).: ti ll.' rq>n ''oj;'llIa lioll of eaeh \Own to Iwo nwn~­IM ' t'< in (:"lll'r;11 .\ ........ · lII hl~. W Ol" 1110\ '1'11 fo r : in HIIl .....·q u..·IJ(·r o f whidla Illnti on wa ... iliad..· 10 ll Jlllin lll.· il to a fllllln' 'oj;·""ion. _!.(' ro Ulu ll'l l upo nIlw import;\lltT of ttH' ...uhjn l ;m d Ihe lJllayoidahlt' ;tIN'IllT of ...·, ·..-ra lnWIlIIM·t'<. h~ 1"1' ;1" 011 of till' 'oj;" 'rriI Yof Ihl' wt'al lwf. It wa ". h" wn Tr.nel;"ali\'('d hy:t nujorih of Ihn ..... ·j·ht· ...malln ..>,;.. nf Ih i... maj"rih . a nd...nnw llllfayora bk aprwa rann·.. o f ..un't·...... . pn'\'('n ted t ill' "upport..-r"o f thi.. U:\<:<) ~ ."iT l'rUT I0:\' ..\ L Bill fro m pnN'fu l il1 .~ IIit'ir motilll\u llti l I/Wy di...nl'l'I"nl. ;,1 tIl\' dIN' of Ihl' st· ...... illll, Iha l "" '"nal o tlln

...,'1'1,, ' T ,·....I,., ,\ ". Id n III " lIi , 1", uf "' '' '' 1.01 ,I ,1! II\I" wh ich 1Il"d, ' Ih, ' 1"'1""r llurllq " I<-~ " I 1<"I"t"1 ill ;111 HJlllr an, "pOll 11 11" I..-""It, of f",-f,'it",,· fUI " ' f ll , i ,, ~

II,.. hills. '11", J.illlic.'li,," \<-1 j, " n·k n·lIn ' 10 a law ....:hi,·h f"""'u till' .\''' '1,,1.11ill I)n "·,,,I...r I I Ill> . T his ' 1,,111 '" p,u"iu'-u fUl II... n' unuplio l1 uf " II llr" ,"i " u'"lIlW" " mt ,,11..-, i" f"n",, 1 ill, uallll'II" of , hOll-l" 'm ,' n-d il. il" 'lu uiul( I>( ...~ "c~

"''''Ill', wi\h iu II... I" " i"d uf 01... ~" "' : a t'll" ,h a" , i" ... sudl d..t 'h " "'ul <l ' '' ,IU"~<"I I... 1l....,l(ul, ah J,· ill KI" ",," [ , ];' ",1' . ",,,, nS,

me-mber- in o ppo ... ilion to it, w t-re- aIN'ITI wlu-n Ihl'\ n-ne-wed theirmolion : hut the ungc-ncrou... prilu·ipk... w hich il\{),IITl!'l h i" manoeuvreh,·in ).: deu-rtcd and 0PPIl'oj;·d . l h ,·~ \\ ilhdll.·\\ tlu-ir mil lion. a nd the Rill\\ ;\... referred to th ..· IIt'Xt 'oj;·"... ion .

From the ...rate "f 11ll.' T RI :.\ s l · J{Y la id bdon' lilt" Hon-e. itappeared t hat .. ,f the L UI.OOIlI;!",. IM ~ ;lbk IIU' fir-t of J anuary la...t ,

(' II I~ C ,,-t-tfl, 17.... hath hlTIi p<lid .lh;11 t ilt' -um «f t: 1:!.i fl3. ·h .. XYztl.had be....n paid in d i'oj;hargl' "f th ..· fir-t quarn- r' ... divide nd of th ..· Statedebt . CIOA9.'l. -t..... :10.1. for rhc .....-con d quann. And ;1'" th r- pe riod ufth e-e tw o in ...talnu-m ... had elap.....-d. fhr- Slall' ~ai lll'd C :! fI . 7 ~1 7 , by t he iraft (If Iorfeuurc .

.\ n art pa ...-cd a llo"," in l,! th puhlir cn-ditor-, In rece iv e t he thirdquarter part of the ir demand : 110 period fill' fo rfe it ure in s-a.... nfrefusal to la ke th e pap"r monee i... ~ ..·I fixed .

' The "lrr-a ...urcr and ,11('( to r " f taXt.... are au thorilt'd to rec eiv e inpa~ment nf laxe.... noll· Illlt "·lo.{('t·o.I ill.C: h ' n pr llJlU)... . Ih al were i""" uedat an in lert"'o l (If ..ix ptT n nt. prm 'ided Ih..· hotde,.... o f th em han' I.lkenIheir I\HI fir-I di,'id(·ml... ill p.'lpn Illoney j.

The d i...lr<:,,<"C" IIf Iht' I:\"V ,\I.I DS fllrn ·d th"1ll ;I!!ai n ll.l a ppea rIx·fort' t hl' II lIu"I" fur Ih..·ir k ndn , 'i p.. ·lld .... ,,·xh ihit ill).: ;\ 1110"'1 a lf('I. ,t·in l.! "'p''CIOiC!t- o f human mi · r~: Itwir a pIM·ilr,II11. ..· ...a m li lied th e trulhof tlwir wan"" , ; lIId th ..·ir m ul ila'ed t fll llb ('\ ,i(lo.-l1ced umit- n iahlt'da im.... T he min"rit~ . a '" INia l. wen' eha rl,!nl wilh nlll"'I(·ri n ).: Ih"....wrl.'l... h(·d ohjnb 10 t'm ha rra ..., thl ' II fIl N ' a mi 1·X(,il..• popularclamour. ...

A m Ol io n hit\ 'ill~ 1)('(' 11 m;uh- , and Iwg:a lin'd a t it f" rm er 'oj;·",ion .rnr ("a llin.1.! a C()I1H'l1Iillll III tak, ' illlo (( 'II ... jd ,,' ra lio n anti der ide upnnIhe propo'<Cd Con"litu tion of Ilw U n itt'll ."itale'" o f .\ nw ril·a. a... rl'l­nllltlll'nded h~ Ih... COllwllt iotl /wld ilt I'h iladd phia in \ la~ la"l. anew mo tio n wa , now mad ..· froJII tll;,t pa rt "f Ihe H O ll '-l ' hy whomtht' fnrnH' r q ll..... ti"l1 had !UTII 1\(·,L::;l lin·d. "T hat thl' prop'J'o('d ClIn­...t itllt inn ...ho liid h..· ...uhm itted 10 1111' I'(,( 'p l,' al la rgl·... II W<l,'" o pp'J .......d .h('("all"(' it d ilT('fl'd from t Ill.' mll,k n '(,o1lJllll'ndnl b, the C:nll\ 'entiollwhll fllrTlwd thl' ( :nrb l it ul io tl. and ,\ hidllllo,!t- hacl h...... n ado pled b~all Ih l' ... tat l'.... t hat t tll" ... uhjnl wo uld rl'l t'i,,' it fu ll a lld s;lti,L!(' ln ndi"cus-"inll in a Cll\1\TIUioll. h ilt thi ... co u ld Jlllt 1)(' eXIWrled in Im\;1llU'ct ln KS. It wa .. a...kt·d if lilt" COII"'lilutioll ...!tnu ld II(' n 'jlTtnl h\ t ilt'p...'opk. co uld a COll\('nli'lIl lit" .. a iled ! It \\;1 " aL::rt'l"d tha t II c:ould1101 1M' done: hut if Ih ... IM·oPt..- "'!Ilmld ad"pt il. l tl('ir r<l l ificat j' lIl w CflilJ

not 1)(' va lid: rnnsequen tlv a Convention must 1)(" (·a l[n l. and rniuhtnut t hat Couvenrion act counter to the determination nf thl' people?:'\otwit h,"landing the absurdity of this mode appea red in liw most~:da ri n,g- colours, an d Ihe most im portant ('( IIN'quellc"" \H'n' ('OI1l](·(·t('dwith an adopt ion or rejection of it, !tH'y continued tella(·iOlIS of tln­motion , suppo rt in,g- it with this idea, that the .\ ~sc lT1 h l ~ were nnt r-tu ­

powered 10 t-all a Convention. it being wit h the people ()nl ~ to dec-ideuri a Consti tu tio n. A nd upon the q \ll'~tion . "shall it he suluuitn-d In

a Convent ion or 10 town ml·t'ling" t ' tln-rr- wr-rr- 15 for cilil ing a Con­vcurion. an d 4:1 subm itti ng- it to the people . .-\ rrunruitter- wa s thena ppointed to draft a Bill directing thr- mode in wh ich th e town-,

should decide: they acco rdinulv repo ned a hill on Sat urda y, pro­vidin g for railing town-meeting- Oil at whi ch timee' Try freeholde r and freeman were to he partu-ulnrlv warned bv thecnnstabh- to anend, and that the yeas and nay~ should be taken nnthe Constitut ion a," pr oposed. A~ soon as this bill was read it wasmoved t ha t it should he pas."i'd into a law, after fillin .L:" li p the blan kwith the fourth :\t omla y of :\ Iarch in-a . .-\ 11 amendment wa s pw­pe-ed . t hat the freem en should he a t lihr-rtv not only to ad opt ()J'

reject the Constitut ion. 'JIll II) mstruct th eir J) ,,!mtiFI' for ("IIU",,!.! /1

Cont -ention, if this mode of decision should aplwar 10 them mort­

prol)('r. In support (If t he amendment it wa~ <aid. that tlu-n- \\(' IT

man y [rrt-nu-n wh o had not made up their judgment 0 11 the pro­posed Const itution, an d for want of sufficient information would heunwilling to decide upon t he q uest ion, that ron fin ing: the freemento a particular q uest ion il" pmpo~ed in the Bill wa s framed ; for. ifit wa_~ true. t hat the l l'g: i ~ lature had not power 10 call a Conn'ntinn ,it would II(' an invasion of thr- rig-ht" of the pcoplr- to (kpri\T themof the libe rt y of adopt ing it if t his mode of decision should ilPI)('arto [hem most regular an d proper. The Spl'akn [Orhnicl Corron]refused 10 put the q uestio n upon the arnendrm-nt , alt ho' rnlled forfrom di fferent q uar te rs of the H mN ', until the quc-r ion upon theBill wa s taken ; this being decided in the affirmative. a vote \\,IS takenUpllll the am endment. w hich was rejected h~ the usuultuujorit y.

:\t a former ~·s.~ion th e majority were for postpon ing- a di~nl~s ion

of the Constitution un ti l it had ITCI'i\'ed a dr-r-is inn in the OIIH'r sta tes[:';0] t ha t the peopl(~ m ight haH' the hest mea\l~ of infollll ine: them­:-;t' ln's Oil th is ~l\bj('ct, hut a mot ion for t h i ~ pllfJ)(lS( ' wa~ now Ilega­lin'd. It :o.I'(· l1wd In 1)(' tlwir \\ i ~h at I h i ~ tillle 10 ha~II 'rl ;1 dl' r i ~ i'J1l

.\1r. Rober! J. Tinuk­Wa rwick. R, I.

\I rs. Rob ert J. T ingleW"rwi" k, R_L

.\1r. Dona ld K. T resco ttR umford , R, I

\lr~. Donald K . Trc-e-ouR umford , R . I

xfr. Herbert F. Tucke rR um ford. It, L

.\l r. j o-c ph Un .t:"amLincoln, R. I.

\I I":'. \\'ilbrd \\'. V ia ll13"rrin1(l"n, K. I.

.\l i,,-~ Su-eur \" ca tht rheadHal'rin1(lOrl. R, I.

.\Ir~ . Lnwn-ncc .\ 1. \\'nknS...·ko"k, ~ I., ,, _

xn-, Al fred D. \\'hitak nRehobot h. ~I a \ s ,

.\ l i~~ Ruth \\' i l ~on \\'h itak nR (" hoh" lh , ~I a"

\lr. I'a lll E. 1'. \ r hileSill- , ' r Spri",:. ~b rvland

\ Jr. Ril lt;1l'<1 J.. \ , ' ''II ' " nFa ll !t in r , ~ [ a".

\ Ir. R" I)('l't I I. Zexl l'l'lI,.il\" l. R. I.

x E \\" :\1E :\1B E R S

TH E RH OD E IS I.:\:'\ D HI ST O RI C ..vr. SOC I ET Y

bcfon- the pa~~ ion~ of t he pcopk ~ h()ll l d " lJ h~ id (' in cxprr-tation tha ttheir neuntivr- IHmid han' an influelltT npoll the Stall'" \\ ho ha ve nut~ ct decided . .

II" 1.... "'>lllinuo'd]

The Rev. Robert F. :\ l cGrcgor:\ Ir~ . Robert F. \kGregorThe Rn ·. Philip F. ,\l cK eanxfr. \\ 'ill iam H . .\IcLaughlin . J r.\I r~ . Charles \\". Pa i,e;e

R;""r, id ,' , R, I.

Mrs . Karl L. F. Povton\\'a rw;,·k. R. L .

\ 1rx. "athall ie! D . Rubinsnnlll,rri,,,!;lOn, R. I.

.\ 1r-. Robert .\1. SchachtMr. Philip R. Siem-r. Jr..\l r~ . Philip R. Sicner. J r..\11'. An-hie Smith.\ Ir. Donald E. Slwal'S

;O": ........ I'0rt . It . 1

.\ 11'. John J. StarkeRum ford . R. I

\ Ir~ . J ohn J. StarkeR umford , It [

.\lr~. R" zl·lIa \, 'hite Slq·tler:\ l r. Graham P. T eller

Wd ln k )·, ~l." "

.\ Irs. Cr;dl :tl11 P. Tdkr\\",·11,·, 1.' ,.. ~I" .,s _

\Ir. .\ Ik lt I I. ' lh,n l!'111\\""' ..... id., K l.

l(),tnhnI :!II

T il E RHOn E I S LAN D HI S T OR I C A L S OC I E T Y

x E w .\1 E .\1B E R S

,I/fly I. 196fj to Sf/i lt 'mba 1-1. lW'j(j

•

.\I r. W illi,tllI F..Ainuuu­B" n illo; lun. R. I

\1 i,,, Anna BalasaTIlt" Rev. Rut h Ann B;I, ,,ler

Chicao;o. 111.

\lr. Elliot Broa dbentR umfurd . R. I.

.\lr. ( ;knll C. Bru\\ 11;';orth I' w \'id"lll"' , R . I.

:\I r. T homa" Buffum. J r.(:r"O' lon . R. I.

\l r. j o-cph I). Canning. J r.P"..-tud ..r l. R. I.

\ Ir. Edward .\ . Ca ....-v, J r.Xorth Pro,: idrnt r . R. L

\ lr;.. J ~N·ph l-I. Cla rkeXl rs. T helma Conk ,

K noh :'\o, t,·r, ~f ;' .

:--' Ii"" Dt'hh\'.\. Cox\ ·'·n i,.·" , Cal.

\I r;.. W illiam F. C rui"'t'\l r. Art hur J, Dcllloi-,

P"..-I Uf h t, R . I.

\II":' . .\ mH' Price Ea rk­Cran,t "n. R. I

\ Ir. W hitnt'\ Earl l-:a"lonBa n in ll;"·lon. R. I.

\ l r. Joh n C. EdesCUIllI>t'rland, R. I­

\ I r.>. Geor .l.:I· D. Edward..r.ranh\'. Conn.

\I i,.. Gail Ephr im

.\ Ir. lI .troll! Korman FlintRi,-..nid.·, R . I

~ I r~ . Fra nci-, GiardI'a"'tucht, R. I.

~ Ir. G('OT\.::(· E. ( ; rn~on

~ 1 f' . ( ; ('or~(" E. (; r;'~lIi-\:\ Ir. .\ tlri,,;, Hall . .:\ l r". Sn-plu-n C. ILtrr is

:\ol\h Kingvtovn. R . I.

.\ Irs. Frank I.. H im kb-v , Jr.:\11". C lara Dimond Holla nd

Wa rw ick. R . I.

:\11'. SI ;ll1ky J a('ol",Rumford . R. I.

:\I r. :-'ydlll"Y v. J anw"lu"' " Cit ~, I" ..'a

:\I r. Ea rl H. j cnk-,f: ,,,t !' [ovid..", ..., K. I.

\ Ir... Ea rl H . J enksEa.,t I' ro,-id.'nn ', Ie I.

T he Rev. Paul C. K inl l i n~

:\Ir. W illiam KolbBri,t ol , R. 1.

\ Irs. .-\ nna L. LavenderBarrinli:ton. R . 1

\ 11'. l Iavid l .o"chh\ Ir. 'lhcodorr- F. L;lW.\I f". T heodore F. I.nw.\Ir. W alt t'r E. " Ia tt i..

B;.rr ;m:lun, R I..\11', Walt er E. .\l a tt i..

Rarri nlll:lon. R . I