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A

PROJECT REPORT

ON

EMPLOYEE‟S HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASUREMENTS

FOR

MANHAR PROCESSOR

Submitted to

S.R.LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF

THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Under

Gujarat Technological University

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

FACULTY GUIDE COMPANY GUIDE

Ms Megha Gohel Mr. Mohan Panday

Assistant professorGeneral Manager

Submitted by

RINKAL SONI

Enrollment No: 118050592022

S.R.LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

M.B.A PROGRAMME

Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University

Ahmadabad

July 2012



Co certificate



Institute’s Certificate

“Certified that this summer internship report Titled “EMPLOYEE‟S HEALTH

ANDSAFETY MEASUREMENT ” is the bonafide work of Ms Rinkal

Soni(Enrollment No.118050592022), who carried out the research under my

supervision. Ialso certify further, that to the best of my knowledge the work

reported herein does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on

the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on

this or any other candidate.

(SIGNATURE)

Megha Gohel

Assistant professor

Dr. J. M. KAPADIA

(In charge director)



PREFACE

In today's world, the Market all over the world is develop at much speed

so, the developing countries like India has great market to expand so, in India the

industries are having the very competitive scenario so the need for practicalstudies has become an important task. This report is prepared for the fulfillment

of the practical studies in the M.B.A. program.

Being the student of M.B.A. it is very necessary to have industrial training

to understand the real world application. Industrial training plays an important

role for the overall development of a student.

The main objective of the industrial training is to develop student's ability

Sense of market scenario and to understand the internal structure and various

aspects of an industry by these kinds of training students get opportunities to

show their skills and efficiency student can also get the if internal strength to

adapt to the industrial Environment.

In also creates awareness in the management student at grass root level

about the difficulties and challenges face by the organization in the currentbusiness world. This report also includes graphical trend analysis to represent

concept in most competitors are deal in large business in market so it is also our

effort to make report a comprehensive as possible.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any

task would be incomplete without the mention of the leaders, whose constantguidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success.

I am highly obliged to the GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY for

arranging the programme of practical training in masters in business

administration in such a manner.

I would like to extend my gratitude to all the staff and especially to Mr. Shyam

Jariwala of Manhar processor who provided me useful information and data

regarding the subject with their cent percent participation and supported in

making this project report a successful task. It was a memorable experience to

work with them and complete my summer training.

It is my privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Ms MEGHA GOHEL

and Mr JIMMY KAPADIA for their efforts, guidance, valuable comments and

suggestions for making this project report. She helped me to complete my report

on the practical study and give contribution to improve and expand my practical

knowledge.

Finally, I express my intense gratitude to my parents whose blessings has helped

me to translate me efforts into fruitful achievement.



DECLARATION

I,RINKAL SONI, hereby declare that the report for“Summer Training Project”

entitled “Employee‟s Safety and Health Measurement” is a result of my own workand my indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been

duly acknowledged.

Place: Surat

Date: RINKAL SONI



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The selected Topic was “EMPLOYEES SAFETY AND HEALTH MEASURES. It

is said that if the employees are secured in their organization they are

permanent. So every organization is giving higher priority to their employees

health and safety. If an employee is not secured in the job there are chances for

absenteeism, job turnover, and lower productivity. Thus looking to this aspect

MANHAR has given prime importance to the safety and health of their

employees. In this connection a survey was conducted on behalf of MANHAR

PROCESSOR to identify the satisfaction of employees in respect of safety and

health measures adopted by the company.

This project report is divided in two parts .In first part is of General information

part and it is related with Industry profile and company profile. Second part is

Primary study and it includes the objective of study and Research methodology &

analysis, conclusion. For gathering data about the Employees safety and health

measures, the structured questionnaire is use. And for data analysis SPSS

software is use and chi square test is apply on the data.

According to study in MANHAR PROCESSOR most of the employees aresatisfied with safety and health measures adopted by the company.



Table of Content

SR.

NO.

PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

PART 1 GENERAL INFORMATION



1.

1.1

1.2

1.3

Industry profile

About the industry

World Market India

Growth of the Industry

2. About the Companies in Industry

3. Company profile

4. Product Profile

5. SWOT Analysis

6.

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

Functional Department

-Marketing

-Human resource

- Production

-Finance

PART-2 PRIMARY STUDY

7.

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

Introduction of the Study

Literature Review

Background of the Study

Problem Statement and Importance of the study

Objective of the Study

Hypothesis



Annexure

Bibliography

8.

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.8

8.9

8.10

Research Methodology

Research Design

Source of Data

Data Collection Method

Population

Sampling Method

Data Collection Instrument

9 Data Analysis and Interpretation

10 Results and Findings

11 Limitations of the Study

12 Conclusion/Suggestions



TEXTILE HISTORY IN INDIA

Indian textile enjoys a rich heritage and the origin of textiles inIndia traces back to

the Indus valley Civilization where peopleused homespun cotton for weaving

their clothes. Rig-Veda, the earliest ofthe Veda contains the literary information

about textiles and it refers toweaving. Ramayana and Mahabharata, the eminent

Indian epics depictthe existence of wide variety of fabrics in ancient India. These

epics referboth to rich and stylized garment worn by the aristocrats and

ordinarysimple clothes worn by the common people. The contemporary

Indiantextile not only reflects the splendid past but also cater to therequirements

of the modem times.Influences of changes shaping the industry:

We will touch upon some of the more significant changes thathave and are

shaping the Indian textile industry.

Implementation of New Equipment:

The textile industry has also become a high technology. Thetextile industry has

also become a high technology industry.No body earlier could have concerned

that the industry would require topof the line technical skills. Present day textile

machinery is fullycomputerized and needs totally new skills to effectively manage

it.

New Marketing Trend:

On the marketing side, there has been a total change, withalmost all players in

the industry extending their reach tointernational markets. The impact of these

trends on the textile industry isprofound. Increasingly any company cannot

sustain itself only on localmarket demand or only the exports. One has to look at

the global marketsin totality.

Competition:

This compulsion to access and compete in international marketshas been

perhaps one of the saving graces for the industry.Clearly the ability and necessity



of meeting global competition head on,has forced the industry to upgrade its

technology, product quality, coststructure and marketing skills. Truly, we have

learnt more from thecompetitions than from ourselves.

Technocrats:

Another shift in the industry is regarding entrepreneurship.Technocrats have

been able to become possible to have smallsize spinning, weaving and

processing mills. All this was earlier thedomain, solely

Cost Consciousness:

The greater competitive pressure have highlighted the need tocontrol cost of

every type of whether it be energy, water orlabour all of which were earlier taken

for granted now every mill is highlycost conscious and industrial engineers keep

detailed trace of every costparameter including energy consumption including

energy consumption,waste control, machine efficiency and productivity. No

doubt, this willhave to be an ongoing exercise. Since cost have to be ruthlessly

andpersistently brought down.

Labour intensive industry:

The textile industry being labour intensive, is slowly migratingfrom high cost

countries, such as the United states, Europe,Japan, Australia, Taiwan and

Korea. All these countries were at one timeleading textile manufacturers. But with

the high labour cost, capacities inthese countries are being diverted elsewhere.

This is happening even asthe developed economies make large investments in

better machinery andautomatism.



Global Market

Sustainable Dyeing And Finishing

Textile World looks at some recent dyeing and finishing developments that are

economically and ecologically efficient and achieve high-quality results. Quality,

economic efficiency and, more and more, ecological methods are the

prerequisites for up-to-date production in the dye house. Color shade and depth

must be attainable, and there should be adequate levelness and accurate

fastness properties. Appropriate mechanical and chemical processing is

necessary to suit customer requirements as well as to create the required fabric

hand and surface characteristics.

Economical and ecological efficiency involves minimization of costs and

maximum profit as well as reproducible quality with minimal environmental

damage. Therefore, process optimization is a must to fulfill all parameters and

requirements for right-first-time production. Western wet-finishing costs are more

and more apparent in various Asian countries as well, and can be divided into the

following approximate cost proportions:

42-percent labour;

29-percent dyestuffs and chemicals;

6-percent water;

12-percent energy;

6-percent environment and safety measures; and

5-percent maintenance.

Technology

The technology for dyestuff manufacturing varies widely from relatively

simple (direct azo) to sophisticated (disperse and vat) dyes. Though

technology is locally available, most of it is outdated. The problem is further



compounded by the fact that the nature of the process changes from batch

to batch and, therefore, controlling the process parameters becomes difficult.

The Indian industry has made significant progress in terms of technology and

production.

The dyestuff industry is one of the heavily polluting industries and this has

resulted in the closure of units internationally and shifting of units to the emerging

economies. Most of the international manufacturers have transferred the

technology to developing nations like China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Taiwan and

Thailand.

This shift of manufacturing capacities is because the industry is perceived as a

high-cost and low return one. The batch processing also makes it a labour-

intensive industry. Thus, the competitiveness of developing economies

increases. However, the judiciary has come down with a heavy hand on several

manufacturing units, all over the country.

Disperse and Reactive dyes constitute the largest product segments in the

country constituting nearly 45% of dyestuff consumption. In future both this

segments will dominate the dyestuff market with Disperse dyes likely to have the

largest share followed by reactive dyes. These two segments will have the

largest share on account of dominance of textile and synthetic fibres in dyestuff

consumption. Vat segment is also expected to record positive growth in future.



Growth of the industry

Dyeing & Printing Industry is growing with flying colours

The textile industry occupies a leading position in the hierarchy of the Indian

manufacturing industry. It has witnessed several new directions in the era of

liberalization. While textile exports are increasing and India has become the

largest exporter in world trade in cotton yarn and is an important player of

readymade garments, country‟s international textile trade constitutes a mere 3%

of the total world textile trade. Several mills have opted for modernization and

expansion and are going in for export-oriented units (EOUs) focused on

production of cotton yarn. It has passed through cyclical oscillations and at

present, it is witnessing a recovery after a downturn.

Of the entire industry volume of about 5 million tonnes, polyester and polyester

filament yarn account for about 1.7 million tonnes, and acrylic, nylon, and viscose

taken together for 300,000 tonnes. The balance is represented by cotton textiles.

A majority - some three fourths - of the textile mills are in the private sector. A few

of the units are in the co-operative sector with the public sector (Central and

State) accounting for about 15% of the total.

The textile industry is classified into (i) textile mills comprising composite and

spinning mills in the organized segment, (ii) small power loom and handloom

units in the decentralized segment, (iii) khadi-based units, (iv) manmade and

synthetic fibre and spinning units, v) knitting units, and (vi) made-ups (garments).

Besides, the industry has a large number of small units scattered all over the

country which are engaged in processing, dyeing and printing of yarn, fabrics

and for conversion. The processing units include sizing, desizing, kiering,

bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing and finishing.

The country‟s per capita consumption of woven cotton fabrics is estimated at



around 16.5 meters. This has remained almost constant for quite some time with

the increased production absorbed by the expansion in population. Yarn is

produced by the mills in the organized segment but is consumed by power loom

and handloom segments as well. The production of cotton yarn is divided into

three categories, namely, coarse counts below 20s, medium counts between 20s

and 40s, and fine counts above 40s. The average count spun has increased from

about 25 in early 1960s to about 34 in 1990s. This indicates a change in product-

mix in favour of finer textiles and high value items.

The pattern of production of cloth in the textile industry is amazingly wide with

regard to types of fabrics produced with different mono and mixed materials.

In the conventional ring spinning system, increasing spindle speed beyond a level

was technologically difficult and economically non-feasible. The search for an

alternative method of yarn manufacture led to the development of three new

technologies, namely, rotor open-end, friction and air jet spinning. The spinning

limits of the four technologies are 6-12, up to 30, 6-18, and 20-80, respectively.

A major improvement in weaving efficiency has been brought about by

developments in spinning technology which has enabled production of yarn of

higher quality. A major share of the looms installed in composite mills is now of

automatic looms. However, auto looms installed in the decentralized and power

loom segments are small in number. Shuttle less technology, direct wrapping,

use of splicing technology, automatic doffing and knotting systems, help to

increase mill productivity. Speed of the auto looms or shuttle less looms is 60%

higher than that of non-auto looms.

The textile industry has managed to modernise the spinning sector but there is a

long way to go on the weaving front. India's power loom sector has over 10,000

shuttle less looms as compared to 150,000 in China. It may be recalled that India



today is the third largest producer of cotton, second largest producer of cotton

yarn and the largest exporter of cotton yarn in the world. The government has,

under its new textile policy set an ambitious export target of $50 billion to be

achieved by 2010.

The lead players in the Indian industry include Bombay Dyeing, Arvind Mills,

Century Textiles, Coats Viyella, Morarji Gokaldas Spinning, JCT, Hindustan

Spinning, etc.

While the Indian textile industry is a premier industry in India with a large

domestic market and sizable exports (considering India's export earnings), it is

still a small player in the global textile market. The global market is expanding

(estimated to grow from $ 309 billion to $ 856 billion by 2014). India has several

positive competitive strengths and can benefit from the global expansion.

However, India will have to catch up with modernization by restructuring and

upgrading its operations. It is an imperative and urgent need for the industry to

focus on value added products. With the end of the Multi-fibre Agreement at the

end of 2004, the potential is unlimited, if only the industry gets fully geared up to

adopt global standards.



Major companies of Dyeing & Printing Industry

Krishna IndustriesSantel IndustriesJonson‟s Industries Ltd.Prakash Woven Pvt. Ltd.Dashmesh Jacquard &Power loom Pvt. Ltd.

Lakshmigraha Apparels Pvt. Ltd.Danube Fashions Ltd.Translabel IndiaKeshavlal & Mangubhai & Co.

Aqua Color Corp.



Company Profile

INTRODUCTION

“MANHAR PROCESSOR” processors are incorporate in 1974. Concern started

at surat with 24 printing machines, 8 jet dying, 6 folding machine, 3 Stenter

machine, 2 loop machine, 2 drum machine, 3 zero-zero m/c, 2 boiler.

The concern is having large setup of latest plant and machineries to process

various type of manmade fabrics right from the beginning stage. This has been

possible because of a concern‟s large capital base, capital raised, reserves

preserved and loans from bank and finance institution.

HISTORY & DEVLOPMENT

In starting there was only one machine. Companies work is related on owner‟s

work. Company‟s expansion was carried on from 1994. 65 companies are

working jointly with this company. The printing work is done under the demand of

dyeing master.

The company produces various types of clothes like;

DANI

RUSSIAN

FRENCH etc.



BACKGROUND

In Surat, it is fast emerging group in textile.

Good reputation in the market.

Processing good quality of cloth

Use sophisticated technique.

Well-equipped machineries.

COMPANY PROFILE

Name of the organization:

MANHAR PROCESSORS

Partners :

1. Rajeshbhai M Jariwala

2. Atulbhai M Jariwala

3. Pravinbhai J Jariwala

Features

High range production of cloth.

Skilful and talented worker.

Qualified manager.

Large plant location.

Well managed machinery.



Quality production by using modern machineries.

SIZE OF UNIT AND FORM OF ORGANIZATION:-

According to the manufacture units may be classified as under

Small scale industry

Medium scale industry

Large scale industry

Out of all these industry Manhar processors is large scale industry.



Organization structure

Managing Director

General Manager

Owner

Production

Manager

Finance

Manager

Personal

Manager

Marketing

Manager

Workers

Supervisors

Masters



SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis means over all evaluation of the company. The full norm of

SWOT is strength, weakness, opportunities and threats.

S – strength:-

The mgt. Of the company‟s is very good by management team. The

company has a very good professional staff.

The company is profit making company and continuous to have sound

financial position.

The capital base is strong.

They have chosen exact location for production.

They are totally family base company and not issues the share market. So

that there is no interface outside people in the company.

They have skillful staff in all departments.

They have good reputation in the market.

W – weaknesses:-

The company faces competition from established textile industries in the

city like manju mill, aishwarya mill etc. However, the company will withstand the competition with value addition in quality.

In company there are few technical and managerial worker, so the

company no very well attention in production

High investment in current asset.

They are not issuing any share in the market so they are not in the contact

of the market.

They do not contact any new customers directly.

O – opportunities:-

They have scope to export in the India‟s different cities.

They have scope to using spare capacity.



A marketing opportunity is an area of buyer need in which a company can

perform profitability.

T – Threats:-

Meet competition from unorganized & small scale manufacturing

industries.

Presently the textile industries are passing from recession.

The competition has increased due to domestic market. The margins have

become thin in the industry. Improvement in quality is the only major

source of the profitability.



FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENT

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Introduction:-

MARKET:-

The common use of market means a place where goods are bought or sold in its

strict meaning market need not necessarily mean a place of exchange.

How company is defining marketing?

Marketing is done under the satisfaction of the customer. The businessmen of

the market provide grey material to the company. Then the buyers make goods.

The printing design is done by the specially organised printing group. Then they

bring new innovation to the design. They maintain the quality control and

standard of the design. They also maintain upper credit policy.

Function of marketing department:-

Improve sales:- it refers increase the selling by the company and it is based on

the development design and implementation of marketing.

Customer satisfaction:-satisfaction is a person‟s feelings of pleasure or

disappointment that result from comparing a product‟s received performance to

their expectations.

Product differentiation:- it is a set of all products and items a particular seller

offers for sale.

Segment market: marketing involves satisfying customer needs and wants. In a

hypercompetitive economy with abundant choices.-



Segment , Targeting, Positioning:-

It is not necessary that all the customers will be gaining their satisfaction. If the

customer dissatisfied with the product then the company should provide them

satisfaction.

If the price is very high then the customer will be not satisfied. In case if the price

is satisfied by the customer but the design is not liked by the customer. So, if this

situation is carried out then the different segment is carried out.

For eg:- like the cloth of dani and Russian is very cheap able cloth so its price is

cheap. But the cloth like turkey is very expensive and the charge of printing is

also very high.

In this process the customer is attracted by the quality of cloth. In this way the

company target the customer.

The companies which work together with “MANHAR PROCESS” are competitive

in nature and whosoever cloth is good that company‟s position is high, this act is

carried out in positioning

.

CRM and customer support activities:-

In this company gives satisfaction to the customer.

They also provide best goods and services.

In Manhar process the job is done on credit base.

Product mix:-

Sari

Length: - 5.25 meters

Width: - 45 inch

Dress material

Length: - 4 meters



Width: - 45 inch

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION:-

MANHAR PRCESSOR has a separate personnel department. All the activities

related to the personnel department are performed by Mr. Ajit Mehta; the co-

owner of the mill. The function of this department is to take decisions related to

employees.

Human resource management may be defined as that field of management

which has to do with planning, organizing and controlling the functions of

procuring, developing, maintaining and utilizing a labour force.

Objectives of human resource management

Objectives of human resource management are derived from the basic objectives

of an organization.

1. To help the organization attain its goals by providing well-trained and wellmotivated employees.

2. To employ the skills and knowledge of employees efficiently and effectively.

3. to establish and maintain productive, self-respecting and internally satisfying

working relationships among all the members of the organizations.

4. To bring about maximum individual development of members of the

organization by providing opportunities for training and advancement.

5. To secure the integration of all the individuals and groups with the organization

by reconciling individual with those of an organization.

6. To help maintain ethical-policies and behaviour inside and outside the

organization.

7. To manage change to the mutual advantage of individuals, groups, the

organization and the society.



Organizational structure:-

NO.OF WORKERS:-

In “MANHAR PROCESSOR “there are 300 employees working with the firm.

They have also 3 dyeing masters,3 printing masters,6 supervisions. They both

qualitative and quantitative workers.

Owner

General Manager

Personnel manager

(personnel&administer)

Masters

Clerk

Peon



PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION:-

“production is the process of converting the raw materials and/or the other

inputs into the products for further production or finish goods or service so that

the utility of the inputs is created or enhance (by change in physical form or

mechanical property)and the needs of consumer are satisfied.”

Product and their established capacity:-

Product:

Their product is to dye and print saris and prepared them finally to send them in

TEXTILE MARKETS for their trading.

INPUTS

Manhar processors having raw material as a grey, chemicals& colors.the parties

purchase the grey cloth from surat textile market, new textile market,mahavir

market etc.after completing job work it will be delivered to concerned customers

in the given period.

their main raw material are:-

Grey cloth comes from different parties.Different chemicals like pb verga, bb,

silicon b, hydrocaustic soda etc.used in process.Colours used for dying and

printing.



Process

Finished product:-

In this stage the product is finally prepared. So the product is ready for disputing

to customers. This final product is delivered in the textile markets in the city

through trucks, tempos and other transporters.

Drum

machine

Jet dying

Stenter

machine

Zero

zeromachine

Loop

machine

Washing

Printing

machine

Stenter

machine

Folding

machine



FINANCE DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

MEANING OF FINANCE:

The importance of finance in the business is same as the importance of the

spring in the clock. Finance is required from the starting until it terminates, as a

means of the business transaction. Finance is the blood of the business without

which an enterprise cannot survive.

“ finance is that administrative area or set of administration function in an

organization which relates the arrangement of cash and credit so that

organization may have the means to carry out its objective as satisfactory as

possible”.

SOURCES OF FINANCE

Following sources of finance are used by” MANHAR PROCESSOR”s for their

short term requirement of fund:

1. Bank loan

2. Cash credit

“MANHAR PROCESSOR” processors have no requirement to take loans frombanks and financial institutions because of their well profitability management.

But they take cash credit from financial institutions when they have to establish

new plant or to make expansion.



INTRODUCTION OF STUDY

LITERATUREREVIEW

Numerous research studies have been conducted on Occupational Health andSafety (OHS) aspects in Textile and other industries such as Chemical, Mining,andAgriculture etc. in various parts of the world. In this chapter, under the varioussections,different studies are reviewed which were conducted on Occupationalhealth and safetyall over the world with respect to our research objectives. Thevarious sections such asthe factors effecting OHS, the work place hazards,causes of industrial accidents, existingmedical protection and facilities and lifestyle, behaviour and attitude of the workers aswell as management. We reviewedthe different studies conducted on OHS all over theworld. The current review is

an attempt to give a comprehensive draft of the findings ofthe research studiesperformed in different parts of the world with respect of our researchobjectives inorder to provide information about possibilities of improving occupationalhealthand safety situation in textile industry and recognize its significance.2.1 FACTORS EFFECTING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ANDSAFETY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY:The various factors such as education, age, physical health socioeconomicconditions, role of management compensation plans, occupationalhealth and safetymanagement and admin standards, labourbehaviour wereresponsible to create awarenessand knowledge about occupational health andsafety. These factors were identified in thedifferent parts of the world which wediscuss as below.

Argyris,C. (1964).discovered association among work accident, stress level andeducational background of textile workers. The study was carried out in twodifferentparts. In the first part of questionnaire, for the Turkish population, theGlazer Stresscontrol Life-Style scale was used. The results indicated thataccidents on workplace aredirectly linked with the worker‟s stress level andeducational background. The stresslevel also linked with sex and nationaldifferences of textile workers. In the Turkish malegroup population, less educatedtextile workers had lower stress than more educatedtextile workers. The resultshowed that Turkish workers had lower educational level thanEnglish workers.Furthermore, less educated workers had low stress level and lessaccidentsduring their work. Therefore, the workers who have a tendency to hadaccidentsalso showed the lower level of education and less stress It wasconcluded that pooreducation is the prime reason of work accidents. So toreduce the accident rate;educational level of workers must be high.

Bowen. E., & Ostroff, C. (2004).described that the mean age of labour force inmany Europeanwas increasing; with the result problems were caused by ageing



of workforce. Activitiesto maintain workers‟ ability to work have become a priorityin OH&S. Work ability maybe considered to include physical health, psychosocialwell-being and professionalcompetence of individuals, but also an appropriatework environment and workorganizations which improve the performance of theindividuals at work.

Taylor et al (1970) conducted a research on the physical health of workers.Hisresearch based on the chronic disability, to discover about the records of disable people working in industry, excluding for those who were registered withthe Department ofEmployment and Productivity. A combined survey conductedby six factory doctorsconsisting of 11,399 men of aged 16- 64 from sevencompanies is illustrated. In which10.8 per cent of the population (1233 men) wererecognized as having chronic medicalimpairments, which could affect workingcapability. The frequency increased from 3%under the age of 25years to 28% per cent over the age of 60. The only 1/3 of these menwas formally registered andthey were not true representative of the entire disabled eitherin terms of severity

or of diagnosis. The most occurring reason of disablement wereChronicbronchitis and asthma, disorders of the backbone, coronary heart diseaseandsevere visual loss.

Claire (1987) High injury rates tend to occur in lower socio- economicgroupswhose perception of causation and work experience place them at oddswith management. At the same time injuries are treated, investigated andcompensated at an individualFurther, patterns of behaviour, injuries and overtconflict may be related to the levels ofcontrol experienced at work A case studyresults demonstrated that a conflict of interestwas recognized by both workersand management and resulted in tacit acceptance of „restrictivelabour practices',as survival mechanisms. This recognition of inherent danger, 9injury-avoidancewithdrawal and the contradictory nature of control for safety andproduction, byboth sides, is de facto legitimating of occupational injuries beingembedded in thesocial relations of production - rather than being 'accidental'.

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L.(2002).discovered that the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)introduced a new Tool Kit with thecollaboration of CERSSO which was obtainable inMay 2002. The purpose of thistool kit was enabling managers and line workers ingarment factories to self-diagnose plant and workstation hazards. Furthermore it providedthe way toestimate the costs and benefits of spending in occupational health andsafety(OHS) for the improvement of production and competitiveness. Theinstrument wascomprehensively developed in such way that any user may collectthe data easily. Itincorporated clinical, epidemiological, engineering, riskassessment, and liability issues. The data shows that since July 2002, approx.2400 officials and employees of 736garment industrial units; Ministries of Labour Health, Social Security organizations, andTechnical Training Institutions of Central America and the Dominican Republic had usedthis tool. Employers werenow conscious of the economic benefits to invest in OHS.



Moazzam (2000) described about the injury benefits are paid to secure aworkerwho was unable to attend his duty due to employment injury at the rate of 100% of hiswages to a maximum of 180 days. Disablement gratuity is paid to asecured worker whohas received an employment injury and his degree of

disablement has been assessed up to20%.

Peterson,S. J., & Luthans, F. (2006).explained in the environmental health andsafety management andauditing programs that numerous standards andregulations serve as a basis for bothoccupational health and safety programmersand for auditing programme. For instance, Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) is one source of US workplace, standards. Other countries had standards and regulations similar to OSHA‟s standards. Manycompanies had their own internal health and safety standards that extendbeyond government standards and guidelines.

Schneider, B., Hanges, P. J., Smith, D. B.,& Salvaggio, A. N. (2003).explainedin his research paper on the challenging world of work andimplications for labour inspectors. The social and political expectation at work haschanged significantly.The workers are now less tolerant with respect to their workingconditions whichhave directed to an increase in the statistics of complaint and an enormouspressure on the labour inspectorates which in turn has led to moreinvestigationsat the workplace and for more punishment of individuals andenterprises which do notComply with the rules and regulations. There are different factors, which directlyor indirectly create effect on OHS. Worker (labour) education, age, income,awareness, knowledge, personal or physical health, injury and disease benefits,environment health and safety management system and affective audit andinspection system. These factors were studied in Turkey, India and UnitedStates, which were closely affecting the OHS in Pakistan textile industry.

2.2 WORKPLACE HAZARDS IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY:

There are different hazards which faced by the workers in textile industry. Thesehazards are explained as;2.2.1 Biological Hazards (Cotton Dust):

Schneider,B., & Schmitt, N. (1986).described the word Byssinosis is derivedfrom the Greek word“Bussus” meaning fine Linen or fie flax. Byssinosis is arespiratory disease of workers of cotton, flax, soft hemp and is classicallycharacterized as shortness of breath; cough and tightness of chest on Monday or the first day of return to work after a time off. Huter(1978) explained thatbyssinosis is also known as strippers asthma, grinders asthma or Card roomasthma.



Croften (1981) explained that in 1831 Dr. JP Kay a physician in Manchester, firstdrew attention to this disease by suggesting that cotton workers suffered from arespiratory disease, probably as a result of exposure to dust at workelsementioned byGren how in a report to the Privy Counsel, London. In 1963

Jesse Leach, a factory surgeon described the disease in detail and found it in themills of Heywood. Oliver in1908 suggested that the manufacturing of cotton wasnot a healthy occupation. In 1955Werner reported that in early stages thedisease is characterized by tightness of chest. Before this it was supposed thatthe disease was recognized to the collective effect of dustand generalatmospheric pollution.

Emery, R. E., & Trist, E. L. (1960) explained that a great number of textileworkers managing Cotton and flax suffer from various respiratory symptoms andshow a failure in lung function.

Schechteret al

. (1986) discovered in different epidemiological studies, it hadbeen shown that cotton textile workers had an increased occurrence of bothdisruptive11and restraining lung function. West Pakistan Employees(Occupational Disease) Regulation (1967) in Pakistan

Ryan,A. M., Schmitt, M. J., & Johnson, R. (1996).respectively. Since then not asingle textile worker has been declared as sufferingfrom byssinosis and receivedany disablement pension (Social Security Institution Annual Report, 1997).

2.2.2 Physical Hazards:

The noise is a cause, which created hazard in the work place. Noise exposure atwork can cause critical hearing damage. It is one of the most occurring healthproblemswhich can be difficult to identify because the effects build up slowly withtime.According to the textile statistics of United Kingdom, industrial hearing lossis theoccupational disease with the largest number of civil claims accounting for about 75% ofall occupational disease claims.

Zohar,D., & Luria, G. (2005).conducted an observational cross-sectional studybased on asample of 100 women workers. These workers were volunteered,outlined their cardiorespiratoryand musculo-skeletal profile before, during and atend of work. Furthermore, the information on their health status was collected inadvance. It was surprisinglydifferent to expectations; there was no significantchange in respiratory function. Anyhow, the musculo-skeletal problems werefound to be richly present with pain in 91%of the women workers. In the regionwise mapping of pain showed that postural pain inlow back was present in 47%while in neck was 19%. There was no gap since the wheelcontinued to spin thethread continuously, unless a worker wanted to stop the work. Inthis study it wasconcluded that pain and tiredness were the main problems for women inthe



spinning section of the small-scale industry. Women had to take up doubleliability ofa full-time job as well as the family work. It was measured thatergonomic factors such asprovision of a backrest and regular rest periods couldremediation the musculo-skeletal symptoms.

Wright, P. M., Gardner, T. M., Moynihan, L.M., & Allen, M. R.(2005).investigated the risk of mortality in a group of textileworkersand observewhether specific occupational exposure was connected with mortality.Theseworkers may be affected to textile dusts, a broad series of chemicals andelectromagneticradiation.The statistics of present and previous members of atextile industry union weretake out from membership cards and coordinated withthe National Death Index forobtaining date and reason of death. The 113 deathswere occurred in the cohort of 7684textile workers. The both male and femaletextile workers had same risk of death for many reason, cancer or cardiovascular disease to the general population. As compared towomen, male workers hadgreater risk of death from injury. There were no significantdata which reveals

considerable increase in risk with particular occupational exposures.

Schneider,B., & Schmitt, N. (1986).proposed a technique that could be used bythe workers andmanagement themselves to overcome exposures to noise asmuch as possible in the firststage. In later stages, when required, increasinglycall in the assistance of professionalsand experts to recognize more complexsolutions and arrange individual protection andmedical supervision. Thisapproach comprises of three stages. Stage # 1 is observation;simple and easy touse by the workers to identify the problems, recognize clear-cutsolutions, and callfor support when desired. Stage# 2 is analysis, which is complex butmore costly.It is performed with the help of occupational health professionals to classifymorescientific control measures and to set up a programme to protect hearing.Stage#3 isexpertise, performed with the help of audio experts for specialmeasurements and controlmeasures. The recommended approach enhances themeasurement procedure that wasusually suggested, by providing for onebeginning stage used by the people directlyconcerned. It clearly recognizes (a)the capability of the workers and management abouttheir working conditions and(b) that information and dimensions of acoustics are not acomplete prerequisitefor solving at least partially noise problems. It attempts tocategorize in series andoptimize the collaboration among the workers, the occupationalhealth specialists,and the acoustics experts.There are different factors, which are responsible tocreate the hazards in theworking environment. In textile these are Physical,Biological, Chemical and Ergonomic (personal factors). There are some other aspects, which are responsible to create hazardsin the work place environmenti.e. shift work, smoking at work place, job strained. In theIt was concluded in thelight of the research that intensity of hazards in textile industrywere more in under developed country like Pakistan and Bangladesh in relation to biological,physical, chemical and ergonomic factors are compared to develop countrieslike United Kingdom and Australia.



2.3 MEDICAL PROTECTION IN INDUSTRIAL ESTATES:

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L.(2002).conducted a research, which

comprised of the credentials onmorbidity profile of the workers working ingarment factory. The research was carriedout in 2003-2004 at eight garmentfactories, employing more than 4000 workers. Databased on the yearly medicalcheck up of the workers of this industry. The records of theannual medical checkup for 3,858 workers were examined. The labour force consisted largely of women in the 21-30 years age group, whereas males being more inthesupervisory and mechanical cadres. Nobody had undergone a periodicmedical examination. Musculoskeletal problems were the most common preexisting morbidity stated by workers and the same problem was reported by mostas being a commonoccupational problem. At both ends of the spectrum,malnutrition was also discovered through body mass index, (BMI). Hypertension

was found in almost 2.5% of theemployees. In the study, an annual medicalcheck up provided to the workers was likely to yield a large number and variety of morbidity as observed. It was also revealed that theCoordination of the management of the factory is critical to the success of such alarge-scale important programme.

Gross,E., & Etzioni, A. (1985).explained sickness day and the n thecomparative social policy literature, the Australian welfare state had, with only afew exceptions, been characterized as lagging far behind most other advancednations. After providing a survey of the main themes of that literature, the paper used the example of paid compensation for periods of absence from employmentdue to sickness to illustrate the complexities of characterizing Australian socialpolicy development in comparative perspective. Whilst Australia was shown tohad been a latecomer in providing social insurance and sickness and asremaining an exceptionally low spender on social insurance sickness benefits, itis also shown to had developed a very different, and, until quite recently, notnecessarily inferior, social policy strategy for catering to the sickness needs of itspopulation.

2.5 EFFECT OF LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOUR (WORKERSAND MANAGEMENT):

Behavioural Based Safety is an approach to safety that focuses on behaviour of the workers which is the main reason of most work related illnesses and injuriesThis isdangerous, as it shifts the focus from identifying the hazards in workplacesand then eliminating or reducing the risks associated with them - which is whatemployers have the legal duty to do.



Wright, P. M., Gardner, T. M., Moynihan, L.M., & Allen, M. R. (2005).Foundedthat in modern textile industry the worker will be responsible for forty to sixtyautomatic looms at a time, which increased the risk. It is now likely that theexposure had increased manifold with the changing life style. Smoking hasconsiderably increased and byssinosis higher in smokers than non-smokers.

Ryan,A. M., Schmitt, M. J., & Johnson, R. (1996). Conducted his research onthe management and motivationalCauses in the control of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). In this study, theresearcher linked these factors to the standards of hearing conservation, attainedin industry as demonstrated by compliance with the Noise at Work Regulations.The research consisted of a survey of 48 organizations across Britain, and amore complete examination, ten of these as case studies. A useful hearingprotection programme requires three management characteristics: a) leadershipfrom senior management, b) the ability of middle management (mainly inproduction and engineering) to put hearing preservation measures into practice,

and c) expert technical knowledge of noise and about the legislation. The studyconcludes to the need for further education and motivation of senior managers asthe main concern in improving standards of hearing conservation and noisecontrol.

Ostroff,C. (1992).discussed that the employee silence behaviour is amajorimpediment in organizations attempt to leverage on the stock of knowledgein its diverse workforce. In order to contribute to the understanding of thisconcept, Dmitri‟sand Akola tested a silence behaviour model in which silenceclimate wefound to affect the enactment of employee‟s silence behaviour. Themodel tested in this study improved on this by accounting for the moderating roleof self-esteem and locus of control and also indicating silence behaviour as bothantecedent and outcome of work attitudes. Results obtained were justifying therecommended expansion. Recommendations were to alwaysaccount for individual differences in silence behaviour model and apply system managementin the application of the model.

Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L.(2002).above the past 20 years thelabour markets of industrialized countries had gone through a series of significantchanges. These changes had been connected with important changes in workprocesses but until now no such attention was paid to the consequences of thisfor occupational health and safety (OHS). This article review is an available proof on the impact of particular labour market and work planning on the frequency of occupational disease and injury, the reporting and treatment of OHSproblemsand regulatory systems. The evidence is incomplete and far more research isrequired.Berenice (1998) discussed the psychological factors attributed to theoccupationalhazards. Psychological stress may be attributable to migration fromrural to urban areas, unfamiliar working, conditions, and long distances betweenpeoples, work places and homes, poor transport, poor housing or low incomes.



The numbers of persons dependent on a work may also be significant in thisconnection. A study in Thailand showed that52% of the women working in atextile factory had full responsibility for a family of four or more. Psychosocialfactors also have a bearing on the incidence of alcoholism drug abuse andaccidents. The influence of hazards encountered in the work place is often

compounded by outside circumstances. For instance, mal nutrition, diseaseprevalence and poor housing may be additional burdens that workers have tobear. Moreover, hazards may be transferred from the workplace to the home.

Tuomi et al (1998) and Eskelinen et al (1991) described the work abilityindex(WAI), based on a person‟s own view of his or her work ability, diseasesdiagnosed by medical doctor, and sick leave throughout the past year, has beenfound to estimate early retirement and future disability. Ergonomics factors werealso known as human factors and they are related with those causes that caninfluence people and their behaviour, in a work environment. Human factors weredescribed as the organizational, environmental and job factors, and human and

individual characteristics which influence behaviour at work. Carefulconsideration ofhuman factors can improve health and safety by minimizing thenumber of accidents and cases of ill-health at work place. It also givesconsiderable profits for business by reducing the costs linked with such incidentsand increasing efficiency.

\



Objectives of the study

1.To examine & analyse various health & safety activities conducted in

organisation.

2.To determine how this activities are implemented & managed in a successfulmanners by different departments.

3.To determine whether the actual beneficiaries are happy & satisfied with the

activities conducted.

4.To conclude how these activity are benefiting employees & keeping them

motivated & creating a healthy work environment.

5.To suggest measures if any on the basis of findings during the course of study.



Hypothesis:

TEST No. 1

Null Hypothesis (HO): There is no significant difference between accident

sometime not reported and health and safety programme offered by organization.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is significant difference between accident


TEST No. 2

Null Hypothesis (HO): There is no significant difference between employees

concern about health and safety and their priority to health and safety while they

performing the job.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is significant difference between employees


performing the job.

TEST No. 3

Null Hypothesis (HO): There is no significant difference between health and

safety inspection of work conducted at regular interval and health and safetytraining programme offered by organization,

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is significant difference between health and

safety inspection of work conducted at regular interval and health and safety

training programme offered by organization.

TEST No. 4



training programme offered by organization,



training programme offered by organization.



RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive or statistical research

The research design use here is DESCRIPTIVE research design. Descriptive

research does not fit neatly into the definition of either quantitative or qualitative

research methodologies, but instead it can utilize elements of both, often within

the same study. The term descriptive research refers to the type of research

question, design, and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic.

Descriptive statistics tell what is, while inferential statistics try to determine causeand effect.

In this project we have undertaken the descriptive research design.

5.2 SOURCE/S OF DATA

TYPES OF DATA

PRIMARY DATA:

Data that has been collected from first-hand-experience is known as

primary data. Primary data has not been published yet and is more reliable,

authentic and objective. Primary data has not been changed or altered by human

beings; therefore its validity is greater than secondary data.

Importance of Primary Data:

Validity

Authenticity

Reliability



Sources of Primary Data:

Sources for primary data are limited and at times it becomes difficult to

obtain data from primary source because of either scarcity of population or lack

of cooperation. Regardless of any difficulty one can face in collecting primary

data; it is the most authentic and reliable data source. Following are some of the

sources of primary data.

1. Experiments

2. Survey: Survey is most commonly used method in social sciences, management,

marketing and psychology to some extent. Surveys can be conducted in different

methods.

a. Questionnaire

b. Interview

c. Observations

No primary data or analytical tools are included in this study. The entire

used in the project are secondary data.

Only questionnaire analysis will be done using primary data.

Questionnaire relating to hedging, risk management and future strategies is

being prepared.

SECONDARY DATA:

Data collected from a source that has already been published in any form

is called as secondary data. The review of literature in nay research is based on

secondary data. Mostly from books, journals and periodicals.

Importance of Secondary Data:

Secondary data can be less valid but its importance is still there.

Sometimes it is difficult to obtain primary data; in these cases getting information

from secondary sources is easier and possible. Sometimes primary data does

not exist in such situation one has to confine the research on secondary data.

Sometimes primary data is present but the respondents are not willing to reveal it

in such case too secondary data can suffice: for example, if the research is on



the psychology of transsexuals first it is difficult to find out transsexuals and

second they may not be willing to give information you want for your research, so

you can collect data from books or other published sources.

Sources of Secondary Data:

1. Published Printed Sources: There are varieties of published printed sources.

Their credibility depends on many factors. For example,

a. Books

b. Journals/periodicals

c. Magazines/Newspapers

2. Published Electronic Sources: As internet is becoming more advance, fast and

reachable to the masses; it has been seen that much information that is not

available in printed form is available on internet

a. E-journals

b. General websites

c. Weblogs

3. Unpublished Personal Records: Some unpublished data may also be useful in

some cases.

a. Diaries

b. Letters

4. Government Records: Government records are very important for marketing,

management, humanities and social science research.

a. Census Data/population statistics:

b. Health records

c. Educational institutes records

5. Public Sector Records:

a. NGO's survey data



b. Other private companies records

Sources of secondary data are selected for collecting the required data for

this project which is often readily available. Secondary data can be less valid but

its importance is still there.

5.3 DATA COLLECTION METHOD

PRIMARY DATA:

No primary data or analytical tools are included in this study. The entire used in

the project are secondary data.

Only questionnaire analysis will be done using primary data. Questionnaire

relating to hedging, risk management and future strategies is being prepared.

SECONDARY DATA:

Sources of secondary data are selected for collecting the required data for this

project which is often readily available:

Internet

Newspaper

Referred respective firms broachers

Articles

5.4 POPULATION

A research population is generally a large collection of individuals or

objects that is the main focus of a scientific query. It is for the benefit of the

population that researches are done. However, due to the large sizes of

populations, researchers often cannot test every individual in the population



because it is too expensive and time-consuming. This is the reason why

researchers rely on sampling techniques.

A research population is also known as a well-defined collection of

individuals or objects known to have similar characteristics. All individuals or

objects within a certain population usually have a common, binding characteristic

or trait.

Usually, the description of the population and the common binding

characteristic of its members are the same. "Government officials" is a well-

defined group of individuals which can be considered as a population and all the

members of this population are indeed officials of the government.

5.5 SAMPLING DESIGN

“A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given

population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt

in selecting item for the sample “Generally Sample designs are two types

NON PROBABILITY SAMPLE DESIGN

In the research Non-probability research design is used.

SAMPLING AREA

Sampling area may be a geographical one, such as state, district, village

etc. The researcher will have to decide one or more of such area that he has to

select for his study.

In this research study Surat as a sampling area.

SAMPLING UNIT

Sampling unit may be defined as an individual, pair or group of persons

included as respondent.

In this research study General health and safety measures of the employee are

the sampling units



SIZE OF SAMPLE

“This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to

constitute a sample”

In the present research sample size is 75.

5.6 SAMPLING FRAME

Sampling frame can be defined as the list consisting of the units of the

population. One very necessary and critical point to be kept in mind in case of the

sampling frame is that it should be made up to date and also it should be free

from the various errors of the omission and duplication of the sampling units. In

many cases, it has been observed that the preparation of the sampling framesometimes becomes a very critical practical problem.

A perfect frame is the one that is able to identify each element only once and

these frames are very rarely available in the real life.

The sample frames that we have selected from the Population are the investors

in the broking firm on the basis of which the data analysis will be conducted with

the help of the Questionnaire.

Sample selected would be of 75 questionnaires.

DATA COLLECTION TOOL

QUESTIONNAIRE

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series ofquestions and

other prompts for the purpose of gathering informationfrom respondents. Although they are often designed for statisticalanalysis of the responses.

A questionnaire having various questions regarding the employee perception for

the safety and health related measures taken in the manhar processor.Based on

this questionnaire analysis and interpretation is done.



DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1) Management visibly demonstrates an interest in the safety and health of

their employees

Valid 75

Missing 0

management visibly demonstrates an interest in the safety and health of their employees

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulativePercent

strongly agree 10 13.3 13.3 13.3

Agree 32 42.7 42.7 56.0

neither agree nor disagree 21 28.0 28.0 84.0

Disagree 8 10.7 10.7 94.7

strongly disagree 4 5.3 5.3 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATION: From the above table, we can interpret that the 42.7%

employees agree, 10.7% employees does not agree, 13.3% employees strongly

agree,5.3% employees strongly disagree and 28% employees neither agree

management visibly …

strongly

disagree

disagreeneither

agree

nor

disagree

agreestrongly

agree

F r e q u e n c y

40

30

20

10

0

management visibly demonstrates an

interest in the safety and health of their

employees



nordisagree on that the management shows interest in the safety and health of

their employees.

2)I feel my department is flexible in adjusting work assignments according

to employee safety considerations.N Valid 75

Missing 0

department is flexible in adjusting work assignment according to safety consideration



Agree 30 40.0 40.0 46.7


Disagree 13 17.3 17.3 98.7


Total 75 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATION: From the above table, we interpret 40% of employees

agree,17.3% of employees disagree,6.7% of employees strongly agree,1.3% of

employees strongly disagree and 34.7% of employees are neutral that their

department assign them a work after undertaking all safety measures.


strongly disagreedisagreeneither agree nor

disagree

agreestrongly agree

F r e q u e n c y

30

20

10

0




3)Identified safety and health concerns or hazards are addressed or corrected

in a timely manner

Valid 75Missing 0

identified safety and health concerns or hazards are addressed or corrected in a timely manner



agree 34 45.3 45.3 49.3


disagree 7 9.3 9.3 97.3

strongly disagree 2 2.7 2.7 100.0Total 75 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATION: From the above table, we interpret 45.3% of employees

agree, 9.3% of employees disagree,4% of employees strongly agree,2.7% of

employees strongly disagree and 38.7% of employees neither agree nor



disagree that their company identify and correct safety and health hazards in a

timely manner.

4) The health and safety rules of this organization have been clearlyexplained to me.

Valid 75

Missing 0

health and safety rules of organization have been clearly explained to me



agree 27 36.0 36.0 46.7neither agree nor disagree 26 34.7 34.7 81.3

disagree 11 14.7 14.7 96.0


Total 75 100.0 100.0




agree,14.7% of employees disagree,10.7% of employees strongly agree,4%

ofemployees strongly disagree and 34.7% of employees neither agree nor

disagree that their company has explained them all the health and safety rules.

5) Workplace accidents and/or near misses are sometimes not reported.

Valid 75

Missing 0

workplace accident and/or near misses are sometimes not reported



agree 10 13.3 13.3 16.0


disagree 22 29.3 29.3 86.7


Total 75 100.0 100.0




agree,29.3% of employees disagree,2.7% strongly agree,13.3% of employees

strongly disagree, and 41.3% of employees neither agree nor disagree that the

workplace accidents are sometimes not reported in their organization.

6) My supervisor often observes my work practices for the purpose ofprotecting my safety and health.

Valid 75

Missing 0

my supervisor often observes my work practises for all the purpose of protecting my safety andhealth

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

PercentValid strongly agree 7 9.3 9.3 9.3

Agree 23 30.7 30.7 40.0


Disagree 12 16.0 16.0 94.7


Total 75 100.0 100.0




agree,16% of employees disagree,9.3% of employees strongly agree,5.3% of

employees strongly disagree and 38.7% of employees are neutral, that their

supervisor observes their work practices in order to protect their health and

safety.

7) The health and safety training program offered by my organization meet

my needs.

Valid 75

Missing 0

health and safety training program offered by my organization meet my needs

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid strongly agree 3 4.0 4.0 4.0

Agree 29 38.7 38.7 42.7


Disagree 11 14.7 14.7 88.0


Total 75 100.0 100.0



INTERPRETATION: From the above table, we interpret, 38.7% of employees

agree,14.7% of employees disagree,4% of employees strongly agree,12% of

employees strongly disagree and 30.7% of employees are neither agree nor

disagree that the health and safety programmes offered in their organization are

as per their needs. .

8) If I saw another employee committing an unsafe practice, I would say

something directly to him or her.

Valid 75

Missing 0

if i saw another employee an unsafe practise,i would say something directly to him or her


Percent


agree 20 26.7 26.7 38.7


disagree 18 24.0 24.0 92.0


Total 75 100.0 100.0




agree,24% of employees disagree,12% of employees strongly agree, 8% of

employees strongly disagree and 29.3% neither agree nor disagree that if they

saw another employee committing an unsafe practice then they will say directly

to him.

9) If I have a concern about health and safety, and my supervisor is not

available, I know whom to contact..

Valid 75

Missing 0

if i have a concern about health and safety and my supervisor is not available.i know whom to

contact


Percent


agree 25 33.3 33.3 44.0


disagree 7 9.3 9.3 93.3


Total 75 100.0 100.0





employees strongly disagree and 40% neither agree nor disagree that whom tocontact in absence of their supervisor, in concern of their health and safety.

10) Health and safety is a high priority when I am performing my job

responsibilities.

Valid 75

Missing 0

health and safety training program offered by my organization meet my needs


Percent


agree 29 38.7 38.7 42.7


disagree 11 14.7 14.7 88.0


Total 75 100.0 100.0




agree,5.3% of employees disagree,32% of employees strongly agree,8% of

employees strongly disagree and 16% neither agree nor disagree that health and

safety is their high priority while performing the job.

11) Rewards and positive feedback are a good way to increase health andsafety awareness levels.

Valid 75

Missing 0

rewards and positive feedback are a good way to increase health and safety awareness levels


Percent

Valid strongly agree 9 12.0 12.0 12.0agree 26 34.7 34.7 46.7


disagree 13 17.3 17.3 94.7


Total 75 100.0 100.0


agree,17.3% of employees disagree,12% of employees strongly agree,5.3% of



employees strongly disagree and 30.7% neither agree nor disagree that rewards

and positive feedback are a good way to increase health and safety awareness

levels.

12) I know what to do in case of an emergency (i.e. fire, tornado, chemical

spill, etc.).

Valid 75

Missing 0

i know what to do in case of an emergency


Percent

Valid yes 55 73.3 73.3 73.3no 20 26.7 26.7 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0


knows what to do in case of emergency and 26.7% don‟t know what to do in

case of emergency.



13) Safe operating procedures (SOP's) for using equipment/machines are

reviewed and revised as necessary.

Valid 75

Missing 0

safe operating procedures for using equipment/machines are reviewed and revised are necessary


Percent


agree 29 38.7 38.7 42.7


disagree 17 22.7 22.7 96.0


Total 75 100.0 100.0

INTERPRETATION: From the above table, we interpret 38.7% of employeesagree,22.7% of employees disagree,4% of employees strongly agree,4% of

employees strongly disagree and 30.7% neither agree nor disagree that safe

operating procedures for using equipment/machines are reviewed and revised as

per necessity.



14)Health and safety inspections of my work area/department are

conducted at regular intervals.

Valid 75

Missing 0

health and safety inspection of my work area/department are conducted at regular intervals


Percent


agree 23 30.7 30.7 37.3


disagree 5 6.7 6.7 97.3


Total 75 100.0 100.0



employees strongly disagree and 53.3% neither agree nor disagree that health

and safety inspection of my work area/department are conducted at regular

intervals



15) All new employees are properly trained in health and safety rules and

work practices.

Valid 75

Missing 0

all new employee are properly trained in health and safety rules and work practices


Percent


agree 39 52.0 52.0 57.3


disagree 11 14.7 14.7 96.0


Total 75 100.0 100.0


agree,14.7% of employees disagree,5.3% of employees strongly agree,4% of

employees strongly disagree and 24% neither agree nor disagree that all new

employee are properly trained in health and safety rules and work practices



16) I know the name of my organization's safety coordinator and how I can

contact him or her?

Valid 75

Missing 0

i know the name of safety coordinator and how i can contact him or her


Percent

Valid yes 63 84.0 84.0 84.0

no 12 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 75 100.0 100.0

=

INTERPRETATION: From the above table, we interpret 84% of employees know

the name of their safety coordinator whereas 16% don‟t know the name of their

safety coordinator.



CHI SQUARE TEST:-

TEST No. 1

Null Hypothesis (HO): There is no significant difference between accidentsometime not reported and health and safety programme offered by organization.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is significant difference between accident


Significance level: 0.05

Chi-Square Statistic

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

workplace accident and/or

near misses are sometimes

not reported * health and

safety training program

offered by my organizationmeet my needs

75 100.0% 0 .0% 75 100.0%

workplace accident and/or near misses are sometimes not reported * health and safety

training program offered by my organization meet my needs Crosstabulation

health and safety training program offered by my

organization meet my needs

Total

strongly

agree agree

neither agree

nor disagree disagree

strongly

disagree

workplace

accident and/or

near misses are

sometimes not

reported

strongly

agree

Count 0 1 1 0 0 2

Residual .0 .2 .4 .3 .2

Std. Residual .3 .3 .5 .5 .5

agree Count 2 6 1 1 0 10

Residual 1.6 2.1 -2.1 .5 1.2

Std. Residual 2.5 .1 -1.2 .4 1.1



Neither

agree nor

disagree

Count 1 12 11 2 5 1

Residual .2 .0 1.5 2.5 1.3

Std. Residual .2 .0 .5 1.2 .7

disagree Count 0 8 8 4 2 22

Residual .9 .5 1.3 .8 .6

Std. Residual .9 .2 .5 .4 .4

strongly

disagree

Count 0 2 2 4 2 0

Residual .4 1.9 -1.1 2.5 .8

Std. Residual .6 .9 -.6 2.1 .7

Total Count 3 29 23 11 9 75

Chi-Square Tests

Value Df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 21.454a

16 .162

Likelihood Ratio 20.748 16 .188

Linear-by-Linear Association 7.745 1 .005

N of Valid Cases 75

a. 21 cells (84.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum

expected count is .08.

INTERPRETATION:

Since the asymptotic value is 0.162, which is greater than 0.05, so we accept Ho.

i.e.There is no significant difference between accident sometime not reported

and health and safety programme offered by organization are up to the needs of

employees.



TEST No. 2

Null Hypothesis (HO): There is no significant difference between employees


performing the job.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is significant difference between employees


performing the job.




Cases

Valid Missing Total






offered by my organization

meet my needs

75 100.0% 0 .0% 75 100.0%

if i have a concern about health and safety and my supervisor is not available.i know whom

to contact * health and safety is high priority when i am performing my job Crosstabulation



health and safety is high priority when i am

performing my job

Total

strongly

agree agree

neither agree

nor disagree Disagree

strongly

disagree

if i have a

concern

about health

and safety

and my

supervisor is

not

available.i

know whom

to contact

strongly

agree

Count 1 4 2 0 1 8

Residual -1.6 .9 .7 -.4 .4

Std. Residual 1.0 .5 .6 -.7 .4

agree Count 11 10 3 0 1 25

Residual 3.0 .3 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0

Std. Residual 1.1 .1 -.5 -1.2 -.7

neither

agreenor

disagree

Count 7 12 5 4 2 30

Residual -2.6 .4 .2 2.4 -.4

Std. Residual -.8 .1 .1 1.9 -.3


Residual 1.8 .7 -.1 -.4 -.6

Std. Residual 1.2 4 -.1 -.6 -.7

strongly

disagree

Count 1 1 1 0 2 5

Residual -.6 -.9 .2 -.3 1.6

Std. Residual -.5 -.7 .2 -.5 2.5

Total Count 24 29 12 4 6 75

Chi-Square Tests

Value Df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)


16 .231


Linear-by-Linear Association 1.030 1 .310

N of Valid Cases 75





INTERPRETATION:


i.e. There is no significant difference between employees concern about their

own health and know whom to contact in absence of their supervisor and their

priority to health and safety while they performing their job.

TEST No. 3










Cases

Valid Missing Total






offered by my organization

meet my needs

75 100.0% 0 .0% 75 100.0%





health and safety training program offered

by my organization meet my needs

Total

strongly

agree agree

neither

agree nor

disagree disagree

strongly

disagree

workplace

accident

and/or near

misses are

sometimes not

reported

strongly agree Count 0 0 3 0 0 3

Residual -.2 -.9 1.4 -.2 -.0

Std. Residual -.4 -1.0 1.1 -.4 -.3

agree Count 2 12 12 3 0 29

Residual .1 3.1 -3.5 1.1 -.8

Std. Residual .0 1.0 -.9 .8 -.9

neither agree

nor disagree

Count 1 7 13 1 1 23

Residual -.5 .0 .7 -.4 .5

Std. Residual -.4 .0 .2 -.5 .4


Residual -.7 .6 1.1 .7 -.3

Std. Residual -.9 .3 .5 .9 -.5

strongly

disagree

Count 2 0 5 1 1 9

Residual 1.4 -2.8 .2 .4 .8

Std. Residual 1.8 -1.7 .1 .5 1.6

Total Count 5 23 40 5 2 75

Chi-Square Tests

Value Df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)


16 .366


Linear-by-Linear Association .452 1 .502



Chi-Square Tests

Value Df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)


16 .366



N of Valid Cases 75



INTERPRETATION:


i.e.There is no significant difference between health and safety inspection of work

conducted at regular interval in the organization and health and safety training

programme offered by organization are according to the employees need.

TEST No. 4


safety inspection of work conducted at regular interval and all new employee are

properly trained in health and safety rules and work practices.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1):There is significant difference between health and

safety inspection of work conducted at regular interval and all new employee are

properly trained in health and safety rules and work practices.

Significance level: 0.05Chi-Square Statistics




Cases

Valid Missing Total


health and safety trainingprogram offered by myorganization meet my

needs * all new employeeare properly trained inhealth and safety rulesand work practices

75 100.0% 0 .0% 75 100.0%



health and safety training program offered

by my organization meet my needs

Total

strongly

agree agree

neither

agree nor

disagree disagree

strongly

disagree

workplace

accident

and/or near

misses are

sometimes not

reported

strongly agree Count 0 3 0 0 0 3

Residual -.2 1.4 -.7 -.4 -.1

Std. Residual -.4 1.2 -.8 -.7 -.3

agree Count 4 12 8 5 0 29

Residual 2.5 -3.1 1.0 .7 -1.2

Std. Residual 2.0 -.8 .4 .4 -1.1

neither agree

nor disagree

Count 0 12 6 3 2 23

Residual -1.2 0 .5 -.4 1.1

Std. Residual -1.1 .0 .2 -.2 1.1


Residual -.6 -.7 -.6 1.4 .6

Std. Residual -.8 -.3 -.8 1.1 .4

strongly

disagree

Count 0 7 2 0 0 9

Residual -.5 2.3 -.2 -1.3 -.4

Std. Residual -.7 1.1 -.1 -1.1 -.6

Total Count 4 39 18 11 3 75

Chi-Square Tests



Value Df

Asymp. Sig. (2-

sided)


16 .362



N of Valid Cases 75



INTERPRETATION:


i.e. There is no significant difference between health and safety inspection of

work conducted at regular interval and all new employee are properly trained in

health and safety rules and work practices.



RESULT AND FINDINGS

From the study, the researcher has come to know that most of the respondents

agree that they are safe and secure in their organization; the management has

taken the best efforts to maintain cordial relationship with the employees. Due to

the working conditions prevailing in this company, the employees feel safe and

secure which turns to fewer turnovers. From the study, I have come to know that

most of the employees were satisfied with the health and safety measures

provided by MANHAR. The employees of MANHAR get more benefits compare

to other companies.

The health and safety rules of the organization have been clearly

explained to employees.

Employees feel department is flexible in adjusting work assignments

according to employee safety considerations.

Supervisor often observes work practices of employees for the purpose of

protecting their safety and health.

The health and safety training program offered by the organization meet

the needs of employees.

Safe operating procedures (SOP's) for using equipment/machines are

reviewed and revised as necessary.

Health and safety inspections of work area/department are conducted at

regular intervals.



LIMITATION OF STUDY:

1. Sample size of study is only 75.

2. Some of the respondents were not responding to some of the questions.

3. Data collected is based on questionnaire.

4. The information collected by the observation method is very limited.

5. The result would be varying according to the individuals as well as time.

6. Some respondents hesitated to give the actual situation; they feared that

management would take any action against them.

7. The findings and conclusions are based on knowledge and experience of the

respondents sometime may subject to bias.



CONCLUSION

In the organization most of employees are satisfied with all the facilities provided

by company. But there are some employees also who are not satisfied with the

companies health and safety measures. Management should try to convert

unsatisfied employees in to satisfied employees. Because if employee is not

satisfied than the he is not able to give his 100% to his work and the productivity

of employee decrease. So management should try to satisfy his employees

because employees are the assets of the company not liabilities. According to

research it is clear that the most of employees are satisfied with their companies

health and safety measures. And main factors for their satisfaction are traininggiven to work on machines, protection given against chemical, earplugs given to

the employees against noise created by the machineries and hygiene working

climates.

According to the research there are also some employees who are not satisfied

with the health and safety measures adopted by the company due to stated

reasons, not a hygiene climate in terms of urinals, spittoons, canteen and

drinking facility and security.



Annexure



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Books:

Kotler Philip and KellerKevin , marketing management ,publisher:

prentice hall ; 13 edition. Gupta C>B>,Human Resource Management, Publisher: Sulatan

Chand & sons,13th

edition,2011

Ashwathappa K, Bhat Shridhar K.,Producation and Operations

Management,Publisher:HimalayaPub. House

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