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2. 3. )( 9 3' 6 5 4 5 4 4 4. 5. )( Yavar637@gmail.com 6. This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry because it was Everybodys job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldnt do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done 7. 8. 9. (Risk) 10. 11. . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. x = 20. x = 21. 22. 1- )( 2- )( 3- )( 4- )( 5- )( 23. 24. )( : )( 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. ) : ( acceptable risks not requiring any specific preventive measure The risks that require preparedness and mitigation the risks that should either be avoided or transferred because their magnitude is very high 33. 34. : - ) POF( ) ( - ) ( - : )(= (POF)) *( 35. 36. : . . 37. 4 ) ( : SAP *(POF) : ) ( : ) : (= (POF)) * ( *POF= = 0) (1) ( 38. ) ( 39. 40. 1- 2- : 2-1- (Natural Hazards) N 2-2- (Social Hazards) S 2-3- (Technological Hazards) T . 41. 3- ) :N12 )12( (. 4- (N12) . 5- 42. N12 (Natural Disasters) N 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10- 11- 12- N12 12 43. N12 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3 N2 N1 S1 S3 S2 T1 T2 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 1- The Australian Journal of emergency management, vol 16, February 2006-Australian Government, 2006. 2- IAEA-Method for Developing Arrangements for Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency-Emergency Preparedness and Response-September2003-A-1400-Vienna-Austria. 3- Classification of emergency management exersizes.Europe.2006 4- Jeffrey B.Bumgarner, (2008), Emergency management (a reference handbook), ABC-CLIO publications, USA 5- ICS (Incident Command system)-Basic Independent Study course-Federal Emergency Management Agency- Emergency Management Institute-Jan1998-U.S.A.( IS195Comp). 6- H.Mirzaei, B.Yavar & M.Mirtaheri, "The lessons learnt from Gonu Tropical Cyclone", IDRC2008, Davos, Switzerland 7- H.Mirzaei, B.Yavar & M.Mirtaheri, "Lessons learnt from disaster management in Sistan drought along the worlds 7th international pond", IDRC2008, Davos, Switzerland 8- The Australian Journal of emergency management, vol 16, Februaru 2006- Australian Govrnment, 2006. 9- IAEA-Method for Developing Arrangements for Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency-Emergency Preparedness and Response-September2003-A-1400-Vienna-Austria. 10- Classification of emergency management exersizes. Europe. 2006 11- Learning about Natural Disasters Games and projects for you and your friends-A stop disasters publication for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction-IDNDR 1990-2000 12- B.Yavar, M.T Bagherizadeh & M.Mirtaheri, Lessons learnt from Tehran snow disaster management, DMISA 2008, ATKV GOUDINI SPA, South Africa. 13- Management of Dead Bodies in Disaster Situations, Disaster Manuals & Guidelines series, No.5 PAHO: Pan American Health Organization-WHO: World Health Organization-Washington D.C.,U.S.A.2004 14- VCA Training Guide Classroom Training and Learning-by-Doing, (March 2008), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Switzerland 15- Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015, Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters, Extract from the Final Report of The World Conference on Disaster Reduction (A/CONF.206/6), International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, United Nations, 2005. 16- Amdabl, Gary, Disaster Response, GIS for Public Safety, (2001), Esri Press, Redland, California, U.S.A 49. 17- Weathering the Storm, Participatory Risk Assessment for Informal Settlements, Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme, (2008), University of Cape Town, Periperi Publications, Cape Town, South Africa. 18- Talking About Disaster: Guide for Standard Messages, Produced by the National Disaster Education Coalition: American Red Cross, FEMA, JAEM.IBHS, NFPA, NWS, USDA Csrees, and USGS. 19- ICS (Incident Command system)-Basic Independent Study course-Federal Emergency Management Agency-Emergency Management Institute-Jan1998-U.S.A. (IS195Comp). 20- Emergency Incident Command system-Emergency Incident Commander - Job Action Sheet-FEMA-1998-U.S.A. 21- Charley Shimanski-Public Information Officers in Search and Rescue Operations-Mountain Rescue Association-Education committee-2004-Evergreen Colorado-U.S.A. 22- FIRESCOPE (Firefighting Resources of California organized for potential emergencies)-Incident Command System-Urban Search and Rescue Operational System Description - (ICS-US&R-120-1) - Jan 2004.U.S.A. 23- FIRESCOPE (Firefighting Resources of California organized for potential emergencies)-Past, Current and Future Directions- A Progress report-1988-U.S.A. 24- IAEA-Method for Developing Arrangements for Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency-Emergency Preparedness and Response-September2003-A-1400-Vienna-Austria. 25- What is NIMS and ICS, Dept of Homeland Security, 2005, U.S.A. 26- Disaster Response: Principles of Preparation and Coordination, THE INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM, by Robert L. Irwin, 2004, U.S.A. 27- HICS , Hospital Incident Command System- Guide Book , California Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA), California , U.S.A , August 2006 28- Neighborhood Disaster Volunteers NDV- NDV Resource Package Part 2: Program Managers Handbook, (2005), Swiss Agency for development and Cooperation (SDC) 29- Neighborhood Corps Pocket Guide, A Citizens Guide to Organizing Communities for Emergency Preparedness and Response. A Program of DC Citizen Corps.Washington DC Neighborhood Corps.Washington.2004. 30- ICS (Incident Command system)-Basic Independent Study course-Federal Emergency Management Agency-Emergency Management Institute-Jan1998-U.S.A.( IS195Comp). 31- Emergency Incident Command system- Emergency Incident Commander -Job Action Sheet-FEMA-1998-U.S.A. 50. 32- :www.infographics.ir 33- 1388 . 35- 1389 . 36-2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction 51. 51