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XVIII- Haiiana XIX B.

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126

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138

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139

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28 TaM :>~<e, c.8 29

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30 faK B.r., PeueHJHll Ha «Hosoe s pyccKoH neKCHKe», 851, N2 3, 1982, c. 123 31 TaM >Ke, c.l25 32 KoTenosa H.3., liaHK pyccKHX cnos// HoBble c,1osa H cnosapH HOBbiX cnos, 1983, M., c. 158

149

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HenorH3MOS. Oeo6eHHOeThiO enosap.s1 pa3H OMaClliTa6H OCTb

npe,neTasneHHhiX .sl3biKOSbiX .siSneHHH.

ABTOM3TH3HpOB3HHbiH CJIOB3pb pyCCKHX HeOJIOrHJMOB (ACPH), DOA peA.

C.M AJiaTopuesou., T.H liyuesou, 1990

3TOT HOShiH THn cnosap.s1 oTnwmeTc.sl OT SblllleHa3SaHHhiX

HCTIOnh30SaHHCM KOMnhiOTepHOH naM.siTH ,nn.sl eOCTasneHH.sl cnOSHHKa

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napaMeTpaMH If 3HaliCHHCM. Pe,naKTOp 3TOrO HOSOrO THTia cnosap.s1 OTMCliaeT, liTO

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(enosap.s~x HOShiX cnos)»33

• Hy:>KHO 3,neeb no,nliepKHYTh, liTO nonh3osaTenh no

:>KenaHHIO MO:>KeT nonyliHTh HH<PopMaumo o Ka:>K,noM Heonom3Me.

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pa3SHTHH oTeliecTseHHOH neKCHKorpa<PHH. ACPH .s~sn.s~eTC.sl liaCTHhiM THnoM

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33 AnaTopuesa C.l1., Eyuesa T.H., ACPHI/ )loKlla!lbl TpeTbei1 scecmoJHOH KoHQ>epeHUHH no COJ!laHHIO

MaWHHHoro Q>oHna pyccKoro ll3b1Ka, M, 1990, c. 1-2

150

cnpasot.IHhie cpyHKUHH. ABTOphi :noro THna cnosap.SI Bhr.n:en.SIIOT cne.n:yiOI.UHe

npaKTHt.IeCKHe ueHHOCTH ACPH34

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50-x- 80-xrr.

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MaTepHanos, .... .un.s~ Hosoro aKa.n:eMHt.IecKoro cnosap.s~ pyccKoro .SI3hiKa (HAC).

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HJMeHeHusr,no.u.pe.u.r.H CKJisrpescKou,2000r

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npe3eHTauHeii .UHHaMHKH .SI3hiKOBhiX .smneHHH 3a I2 neT- c I985r no I997r.

Cnosaph oxsaThiBaeT pa3Hhie KaTeropHH enos a HMeHHo:

I) cnosa a6coniOTHOH HOBH3Hhl, He 3acpHKCHpOBaHHhie K HaCTO.SII.UeMy

MOMeHzy HH B O.UHOM cnosape pyccKoro .SI3hiKa (KoHmpaKmep,

nocmKOMMYHUCmUlleCKUU H .Up.);

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uoeQJlbl, !leHUHCKQJl eaxma H T.n);

34 AnaTopuesa C.H., Eyuesa T.H., ACPHI/ ,[loKJJa.llbt TpeTbeH scecoi03HOH KoH!flepeHUHH no C03.llaHHIO

MaWHHHoro !floH.lla pyccKoro ll3btKa, M, 1990, c. 3.

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1 B KHHre «PyccKHe arHOHHMbi (cnosa, KOTOpbie Mbi He JHaeM), no.n pe.n. MopKOBKHHa B.B., MopKOBKHHOH A.B, c 138 2 Cpe3HeBCK11H HJ1, 0603peHHe JaMe'faTeJibHeHWHX 113 cospeMeHHbiX cnosapeH// HJB.HMn. AKa.n. HayK no oT.n.pyc.liJ.H cnosecHOCTH, T Ill, 1854

156

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pa3H006pa3HbiX CJIOBapeH •, H CeH'LJaC, KaK HaM Ka:>KeTC.sl, HacTynaeT HOBbiH :nan B

pa3BHTHH pyccKoro neKCHKorpaqmpoBaHH.sJ:. KaK H3BecTHO, B nocne.nHee speM.sJ: B

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OC06eHHO B npouecce H3ytieHH.sl .sl3biKa KaK HOCHTeJI.sJ:MH, TaK H HHOCTPaHQa~m.

06cy:>K.naeTC.sl H BOn poe 0 C03.D:aH HH CJIOBapeH:, liYBCTBHTeJibHhiX K KOHKpeTHbiM

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v ~ 3 HOCHTeJih .sl3hiKa HJIH 'LJeJIOBeK, H3YtfaiOIUHH .sl3hiK KaK HepO.ll:HOH» .

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cymecTBOBaHHH .ll:BYX OCHOBHhiX HanpasJieHHH COCTaBJieHH.sl CJIOBapeH. flepsoe

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(no B.B MopKOBKHHY) HJIH CHCTCMHO-

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(no B.B MopKOBKHHY) HJIH anTpono-opneuTnposaHHbiM (no IO.H Kapaynosy).

• 8 'IHCJle TaKHX CJ108apeH MO)I(HQ Hli38aTb CJ108apH CHHOHHM08, CJ108apH aHTOHHM08, CJ108ap11

<f>paJeonorH3M08, cno8apH Mop<f>eM, CJl08apH TPY.UHOCTeH, CJl08apH CO'IeTaeMOCTH cno8, cno8apu

aHrOHHM08, CJ108apH CJleHr08, CJ108apH HeOJ10rH3M08 H T.n; CyiUeCT8YIOT MHOrOTOMHble H O.UHOTOMHble

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neKCHKorpa<f>Hll: c6opHHK CTaTeH, M, 1988, c. 7-8 • JlHHr80UeHTPH'IeCKHH no,nxo,n, 8 OCH08HOM, npe,nCTa8JleH 8 aKa.neMH'!eCKHX CJl08apliX H T.n.

157

8Topoe HanpaaneHHe, T.e. aHTponoueHTpHt-IecKoe no OTHoiiieHHJO K

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cnoaapeli a npouecce o6y'-leHH.SI pyccKoMy .SI3biKY.

8 pa3BHTHH H $OpMHpOBaHHH :noli KOHUeTIUHH 3Ha'-IHTeJibHblli BKJia.U

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.

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OUeHHBaJOIUHH JieKCHKY B yqe6HhiX UeJI.SIX H CTpeM.SIIUHiiC.SI K Y.UOBJie TBOpeHHIO

KOHKpeTHbiX TIOTpe6HOCTeli onpe,neJieHHbiX yqaiUHXC.SI. 0TJIH'-IHTeJibHbiM

CBOiiCTBOM yqe6Horo CJIOBapS!: SJ:BJISJ:eTCSI OpHeHTHpOBaHHOCTb Ha TIOJib30BaTeJISJ:,

'-ITO o6yCJIOBJIHBaeT TIOJIHOe H 06beKTHBHOe OTIHCaHHe .SI3biKOBbiX e,UHHHU,

BKJIJO'-IaSJ: npH 3TOM, KaK MO)l(HO, 6oJibiiie napaMeTpOB. Me)l(.ny -TeM, B

4 HOBHKOB Jl.A., 06 YHHBepCaJJbHOM ylfe6HOM CflOBape pyccKoro ll3b1Ka// BTOpOH Me>KllyHapOllHbiH

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ylfe6HbiX noco6Hif no pyccKOMY liJbiKY KaK HHOCTpaHHa.ty: TeJHCbl llOKnallOB H BbiCTynneHHH., CoQ>Hll,

1973.

158

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H3YtiaiOW:HX pyeeKHH H3biK B KatieCTse HHOeTpaHHOro.

no IO.H Kapaynosy, ytie6HhiH enosaph, aJJ;peeosaHHhiH HoeHTeniO H3hiKa,

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enO)KHBlllYIOeH B o6w:eeTBe peLieByiO np aKTHKy, BOenHTbiBaTb HOeHTenH .sl3biKa,

3eTeTHtieeKH H 3THLieeKH o6oraw:aTb .sl3biKOBYIO HHJJ;HBHJJ;yanhHOeTh» 6

. B

npHHUHne, eKaJaHHOe MO)KeT OTHOeHThe.sl H K enosap.siM JJ;n.sl HHOeTPaHUeB,

H3ytiaiOW:HX pyeeKHH H3biK e uenhiO He TOnhKO aeeHMHnHpoBaTb npaBHna

rpaMMaTHKH H 3HatieHH.sl enos, HO H Ha HX OeHOBe pa3BHBaTb enoeo6HOeTb K

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.s13hiKa).

CneJJ;oBaTenhHO, yqe6Hhie enosapH, npeJJ;HaJHatieHHhie JJ;n.s~ aKTHBHoro

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ytie6Hbie enosapH JJ;n.sl HOeHTen.s~ H3biKa H ytie6Hhie enosapH JJ;n.s~ HHOeTPaHHoro

s .[leHHCOB n.H., JleKCHKa pyccKOro ll3b1Ka H npHHUHnbl ero OnHCaHHll, M., 1993, c. 210-211. 6

Kapaynoa IO.H., CospeMeHHoe coCTOliHHe H TCHllCHUHH pa3BHTHll pyccKoii neKCHKorpacpHHI/ CoseTcKall

neKCHKorpacpHll: c6opHHK CTaTeii, M, 1988, c. II

159

yqamerOCSI. rnaBHOe OTJIHl.JHe 3THX ~BYX THllOB CJIOBapeif 3aKJIIOt.JaeTCSI B

o6pa60TKe CBe~eHHH 0 CJIOBax KaK B KOJIHl.JeCTBeHHOM, TaK H B Kal.JeCTBeHHOM

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TaKHM o6pa30M, 3Hat.JeHHe yqe6Horo CJIOBapSI B H3yt.JeHHH Sl3hiKa COCTOHT B

:lcpcpeTKTHBHOM o6ecnet.JeHHH nepexo~a «OT MhiCJIH Ha pO~HOM Sl3biKe K ee

Bblpa)KeHHIO cpe~CTBaMH pyCCKOrO Sl3hiKa>/. Hy)KHO OTMeTHTh, l.JTO , KaK

JIHHrBHCTHl.JeCKHe, TaK H yqe6Hbie CJIOBapH MOryT 6biTh pa 3H006pa3HbiMH ITO

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~,) ~pyroH •.

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BCeCTOpOHHee OllHCaHHe HeOJIOrH3MOB, 6y~eT OKa3hiBaTh 60JihlllYIO llOMOIUh

cry~eHTaM cpe~Hero H npo~BHHyToro 3Tana, nepeso~t.JHKaM, npocpeccHoHanaM, B

TOM l.JHCJie H npeno~aBaTeJISJ:M, npH l.JTeHHH H llOHHMaHHH COBpeMeHHOH

nepHO~Hl.JeCKOH net.JaTH.

7 MopKOBKHH B.B., CHMeOHOBa M, CneuHanbHall JleKCHKa H ee OTpa>KeHHe 8 y'ie6HbiX CJlOBapiiX aKTHBHoro THnal/ Mem.nyHapo.nHbiH cHMnoJHYM «IIJbiK H cneuHanbHOCTb». 06y'ieHHe pyccKoMy liJbiKY cry .neHTOB-Hecj>Hnonoros: TeJHCbl .noKna.nos H coo6meHHH - l>aKy. 1977, c 180

160

flpH o6cy:>K.n:eHHH yqe6Horo crroaap» Heorrom3MOB pyccKoro .H3hiKa KOHUa

XXa., rrpe.n:HaJHal.JeHHoro .n:rr» HH.LJ:HHCKHX yqaruHxc» rrpeJK.n:e acero HYJKHO

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3arrpocbi.

II. CHcTeMa rrpe3eHTaUHH cae.n:eHHH a cJioaape o HeorrorH3Max c

yqeroM rrorpe6HocTei:f rrorrh30BaTerrei1 .

I Paccy;KJ{enHe o6 oco6ennoCTHX HH.llHHCKHX yqawuxcH

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pa3H006pa3Ha BBH.LJ:Y CJIC.LJ:YIOIUHX o6CO.HTeJibCTB9:

1) MnoroHlblt.{He- O"LfeHh qacTo yqaruHec.H o.n:Hoi:f H TOM IKe rpyrrrrhi

.HBJI.HlOTC.H HOCHTeJI.HMH pa3HbiX HH.LJ:HHCKHX .H3biKOB.

2) BolpacT-rrocryrraiOIUHe Ha Kypcbi pyccKoro .H3hiKa MOryr rrpHHanrreJKaTh

K pa3HOH B03paCTHOH KaTeropHH.

8 MopKOBKHH B.B., OcHOBbl TeopHH y'!e6Hoii neKCHKOrpa<f>HH, )lHccepTaUHH B <f>opMe Hay'!HOro .uoKJJa.!la

Ha coHcK. y'l. CT . .uoKTopa <f>Hnon. HayK., M, 1990, c. 55 9

MeHOH P.H., nepexo.u Ha HOBYIO CTyneHb npeno.uasaHHSI pyCCKOfO ll3b1Ka B 11H.UHH ( HeKOTOpble

no6neMbl MeTO.UHKH)// P513P, N2 5, 1990, c. 59

161

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10 TaM )l(e, c. 59

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2. llpOH3HOllieHHe HeOJIOrH3Ma

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163

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3a<PHKCHpOBaHHe, Q -CJIOBO H3 c<Pepbl .HH<!lOpMaTHKH, • - CJIOBO H3 c<Pepbl

rrorrHTHKH, fl- crroso H3 c<Pepbi MY3biKH H T.rr) BMeCTe c rroMeTaMH. HarrpHMep:

liSO<P<Pwop-Hos.; +OKT.s~6pb-Heooo6p.; ~ Tipe,n:rrpHHHMaTeJib. nepeop.;

liS liSTpHJIJiep- H06.3GUM. GH2Jl.

C;wsoo6pa3osame.nbH aR xapaKmepucmuKa

Crrosoo6pa.JoBaTeJibHa.s~ xapaKTepHCTHKa HeorrorHJMa ,n:OJI)I(Ha BKJIIOt.JaTb

YKa.JaHHe Ha Mop<PeMHOe crpoeHHe (KaK HarrpHMep- BH,n:eoKaccera- suoeo­

Kaccem-a; aHTHpbiHOl.JHHK- aHmu-pblHO-'l-HUK.; I>aH:KepcKHH- EauK-epcK-uu;

aHTHHH<!lJIH.SIUHOHHbiH- GHmu-umjJ!lRZJU -0-HH-blU), B crryqae C rrpOH3BO.LJ:HbiMH

• CM. TonKOBbiH cnosapb pyccKoro liJbiKa KOHua XX seKa: liJbiKOBble HJMeHeHHll no.n pe.n. CKnllpeBCKOH r.H; The Oxford dictionary of new words, edited by Elizabeth Knowles with Julia Elliott, OUP, New York, 1998

170

CJIOBaMH HY)KHO TaK)Ke YKa3aTb CJIOBO, KOTOpoe BhiCTynaeT B Kat.reCTBe

MOTHBHpyiO~ero no OTHOIIIeHHIO K HeOJIOfH3MY ( 6auKepCKUU, 6aUKepcmeo,

6auKepbz, 6auK-woy).

Hap.s~.n:y c BhiiiieyK a3aHHhiMH cse.n:eHH.SIMH 0 HeOJIOfH3Max

uenecoo6pa3HhiM npe.n:CTaBJI.SieTC.SI BKJIIOtiHTh H ycTOHtiHBhie, cppa3eOJIOfHt.reCKHe

COt.reTaHH.SI C .n:aHHhiMH HeOJIOfH3MaMH. Ha.n:o TaK)Ke YKa3aTh OMOHHMbl ( eCJIH

TaKOBbie cy~eCTBYIOT), npHBeCTH cpaKTHt.reCKHe H HCTOpHt.reCKHe cse.n:eHH.SI H

CJiyt.raH pa3H060.SI B HaTIHCaHHH.

ilOCKOJibKY pet.rb H.D:eT 0 HeOJIOfH3MaX, T.~ 0 CJIOBax, He.D:aBHO

TIO.SIBHBIIIHXC.SI, MOryT B03HHKaTb H CJiyt.raH, r.n:e CJIOBa yno-rpe6JI.SIIOTC.SI TOJibKO B

O.IJ:HOH cpopMe HJIH e~e He .D:aJIH npOH 3BO.IJ:HbiX H T.n. JleKCHKOrpacp B :noH:

CHryaUHH .IJ:OJI)KeH .n:asaTb BCe cy~eCTBYIO~He Ha .n:aHHbiH MOMeHT cse.n:eHH.SI 0

HeOJIOfH3Me.

TipH COCTaBJieHHH yt.re6HOfO CJIOBap.SI JieKCHKOrpacp .IJ:OJI)KeH onpe.n:eJI.SITb

BH.IJ:bl IIIpHcpTOB, Bbi.IJ:eJieHHH, CHMBOJIOB, rpacpHt.reCKHX H306pa)KeHHH, nepet.reHb

COKpa~eHHH H yCJIOBHbiX 3HaKOB H .n:pymx npHeMOB, npHMeH.SieMbiX B

JieKCHKOrpacpHt.reCKOH npaKTHKe H HCllOJib30BaHHbiX npHMeHHTeJibHO K .n:aHHOMY

THny cnosap.s~. PeiiieHHe o neKCHKorpacpHt.recKHX npHeM ax .D:OJI)KHO no.n:t.rHHeHo

UeJIH H 3a.n:at.re CJIOBap.SI H HanpaBJieHO Ha 06Jiert.reHHH TIOJib30BaHH.SI CJIOBapeM T.e

.n:eJiaTb ero MaKCHMaJibHO HHcpOpMaTHBHbiH H YJl06HbiH.

171

06pa3CU CJIOB3pHOH CT3TbH B yqefiHOM CJIOBape HCOJIOrH3MOB ~JISI

HH~HHCKHX Y"'I31UHXCH

Ha OCHOBe paccy)I(,UeHHH, H3JIO)I(eHHhiX HaMH B rrpe,nhi.UyW:eH qacTH 3TOrO

rraparpaQla, paCCMOTpHM HeCKOJibKO o6pa3~0B CJIOBapHbiX CTaTeH HeOJIOrn3MOB,

IIOSIBHBIIIHXCSI B pycCKOM 513biKe B KOH~e XX BeKa. 11HTeprrpeTa~HSI HO BhiX CJIOB

MO)I(eT BhirJISI,UeTh CJie,nyiOll.{HM o6pa30M:

~ J>~6JIH-H, [bibliya] :JIC, poo. 6~6JIHH, MH. 6If"finHH, poO.fiHfiJIHH, ( om zpell.

Biblia)

=Bible

1. Heum. The Christmas scriptures consisting of the old and the new

testaments.

,[JemcKaR 6u6flUJt- bible for children;Eu6JlUJt Oflfl eepyiOUJUX u HeeepyiOUJUX -

bible for believers and non- believers; flepeeoobz 6u6Jluu- translations of bible.

2. Hoe. flepeH. Any valuable book

Eu6JlUJt cneljUa!lbHozo UCK)lccmea- bible for special art. ( CM. 3To KHHra

,UOJI)I(Ha CTaTh 6H6JIHeH Bpaqa)

3 .flpoU3 .EH6neiicKHH, EH6neiicKa.s~, EH6neiicKoe, EH6neiicKHe.

" " " " , l>oJibH-ou, [bal 'noi] M., , EonhHM :JIC,6onhHOe cp; MH. 6onhHbie; 6oneH,

/ " " 60JibHa,60JihHO, fiOJibHbl.

CuHOHUM- He3,nopoBbiH = sick, ill, unwell, unhealthy

AHmOHUM- 3.UOpOBhiH

1. Heum. suffering from some disease

a) 6onhHOH pe6eHoK-sick child; 6onhHasr MaTh-sick mother; 6onhHOe

cep.n~e-sick heart (diseased); · 6onhHhie rroqKH-sick

kidneys( diseased)

b) 6oneH ... qeM? 6oneH rpHrrrroM- ill with fever

172

c) 6hiTb 6oJihHbiM-to be ill; Ka3aThC.H 6oJibHbiM-seem to be ill ;

qysCTBOBaTh ce6.H 6oJihHbiM -feel sick/unwell; HaBeCTHTb 6oJibHoro­

visit a patient/sick person ; 3a.n;eTb 3a 6oJibHoe-

d) O"tJeHb 60JibHOH-Very ill; T.H)I(eJIO 60JibHOH-seriously ill; CMepTeJibHO

6oJihHOH- seriously ill

e) rrpHeM 6onhHhix-receiving patients.

f) 6onhHa.H cpaHTa3H.H-abnormal/sick fantasy; 6oJibHoe soo6pa)l(eHHe­

sick imagination; 6oJibHOH BH,n;-sick/weary look; 6oJibHOH sorrpoc­

sick question

2. Hoe.nepeH. Something in a state of crisis or downfall.

a) EoJZbHClfl 3KOHOMUKa-ailing economy

b) EoJZbHOe o6UJecmeo- ailing/troubled society.

2S"XHT, ( khit'], M., poo XHTa. (om aH21l.hit)

CuHOHUM =rrorry JI.HpHbiH

1. Hoe. a popular song

2. Hoe. something successful, popular·

3. Me)I(.LJ;yHapO.D;HbiH XHT - international hit, 03HaMeHOBaTbC.H XHTOM ttezo?

HarrpHMep ce30Ha- to become hit of the season, XHT-rrapa.n;- hit parade,

XHT-rnoy- hit show.

4. flpOU3.XHTOBbiH ( XHTOBM IIeCH.H- hit song).

P /~ [ ' . ] A p /~ /. R t. g) 2S" eHTHHr, rayt mg, M,pou. eHTHHra 1om aHZfl. am

CuHoHUM =-oueHKa,Knacc,pa3p.H.n;

1. Hoe. The estimated standing of a person. Popularity of somebody or

something based on the views of the experts or social demand.

a) BbiCOKHH peHTHHr- high rating

b) peHrnHr 'lezo? "tJHTaTeJihCKHX CHMIIaTHH- rating of reader's

sympathy

173

c) rra.neHHe peiiTHHroa renerrepe,naq-fall in the viewer's rating,

rroBhiiiieHHe peiiTHHra-rise in rating, IIOHH>KeHHe peiimHra-fall in

rating.

2. flpoU3. peHTHHrOBhiH, peHTHHrOBrul, peHTHHrOBOe

/ £>ryMaHH3Hp-osa-Tb [goomaniziravat'ch], coB. u " HecoB., ryMaHH3HpyiO,

/ / ryMaHH3Hpyernh, ryMaHH3HpyiOT.

=humanize

I. HoB.make human, give a human character

a) fyMaHH3HpOBaTh -limo? Me>Krocy.napcrseH_Hhie CB.SIJH -humanize

intergovernmental links; ryMaHH3HposaTh rroJIHTHKY pe$opM- humanize

the politics of reforms; ryMaHH3HpoaaTh IIIKOJihHoe H ayJoscKoe

o6ytieHHe- humanize the school and university teaching; ryMaHH3HposaTh

o6mecrao- humanize the society.

2.flpoU3. fyMaHH3M- humanism, ryMaHHCT-humanist, ryMaHH3ai..{H.SI-

humanization, ryMaHHTap- humanist(m), ryMaHHTapKa- humanist( f),

ryMaHHCTHtieCKHH- humanitarian, ryMaHHCTHtiHhiH- humanitarian, ryMaHHhiH­

humanly, ryMaHOH,n-hominoid/manlike, ryMaHoH,nHhiH- hominoid/manlike.

3.pe:JICe ryMaHHTH3HpOBaTh COB. U HeCOB., ryMaHHTH3HpyiO, ryMaHHTH3Hpyeiiih,

ryMaHHTH3HpyiOT.

~BaJI~T-a, [ valyut'a ], x, poo. aa.rrW'rhr ; MH sa.rri6rhi, poo. aa.rriOT.

CuHOHUM= 6aKu, 6aKcbz, 2pUHbl, Oo!Ulap, 3efleHbze; currency

1. Heum the money in general use in a country

Ha.rrHtiHrul BaJIIOTa-available currency, BaJIIOTa B cqer-value in account,

orrnara B sa.rriOTe- pay m currency, rro>KeprsosaHH.SI a sa.rriOre--donation m

currency, Kpe,nHThi a aaTIOTe-credit in currency; rrJiaTHTh BaJIIOToii-pay m

currency rrpo.nasaTh-sell, KYIIHTb-buy Ja (Ha) aa.rriOry; 3apa6aThiBaTh BaJIIOTY -

earn currency, rpaTHTb Ba.JIIOTY -spend currency; cneKyJIHposaTb sa.rriOTOii-

174

speculate; nyHKT o6MeHa Ba.JUOThi-place of currency exchange, Y cmou11. l.JepHru~

BaJIIOTa-black currency, HHocrpaHHM BaJIIOTa-foreign exchange.

2. Heum. The money of a state or currency used as an international means of

payment.

HauHoHaJihHhie BaJIIOThi - national currencies, 3ana.uHoesponeifcKHif

BaJIIOThi -West-European currencies, o6MeHHhie Kypchi Ba.JIIOT- currency

exchange rate. Ycmou11. BaniOTa nepsoif KaTeropHH- first currency,

KOHBepTHpyeMM BaJIIOTa-convertibJe/hard currency, CB060,llHO KOHBepTHpyeMCUI

BaJIIOTa-hard currency, o6paTHMM sa'IIOTa-freely convertible exchange, TBep.uru~

BaJIIOTa - hard currency, EsposaniOTa-Eurocurrency, pe3epBHM BaJIIOTa-reserve

currency, ycTOHI.JHBM BaJIIOTa-perrnanent medium, sound currency

3. Hoe.nepeH. about something valuable and something that can be used instead of

money for payment. Bo.uKa- poccHHCKM BaJIIOTa- Vodka is a Russian currency;

30noTo-nyqma~ BaJIIOTa- Gold is the best currency; xne6- BaJIIOTa soeHHoro

speMeHH-Bread is the currency of war times.

4. Hoe.:JICapz. Colour of a car (pearl green colour); noObexaJZu :J/Cuzy!lu lf6ema

«6aJZ10ma».

5. flpoU3.- BaJIIOTHhiH, Ba.JIIOTI.JHK, BaJIIOTI.JHUa.

I I ~ 16 ~aKc, [faaks], M, poo. <PaKca; MH. <PaKchi, poo.<PaKcos (om aH2!l. Fax),

1. System of communication by electronically sending texts, diagrams, pictures

etc. Tiepe.uaTh HHQJOpMaUHIO no <PaKcy-send some information by fax.

2. Information received by such communication.

<!JaKe .uoKyMeHTa- fax of some document, npHrnen <PaKc o t.JeM-TO- received fax

about something.

3. Machine used for such purpose.

Y cTaHOBHTh <PaKc r.n:e? -install fax machine. <PaKc-annapaT, <PaKc-MamHHa

4. Telephone number on which the fax machine is installed.

175

HoMep cpaKca qero? Koro? - fax number of some place or individual., no cpaKcy

528-0088 - to/on fax number 528-0088.

5. /1poU3.cpaKCHMaJibHbiH (cpaKCHMaJibHbiH arrrrapaT, cpaKCHMaJibHIDI MaiimHa,

cpaKCHMaJibHa.SI yCTaHOBKa) <l>aKC-MO).{eM -fax-modem, cpaKC-MO).{eMHbiH, cpaKC-

6yMara -fax paper, cpaKC-CB.SI3H-fax connection, TenecpaKc- telefax.

R:f R:f KouBepTifpoBaTh, [convertipovat'ch], 11ecoe .u coe.

I / KOHBepTHpyelllb, KOHBepTHpyiOT.

CuHOHUM =o6MeHHBaTb ; to convert/change

/ KOHBeprnpyiO,

1. Change ( money, voucher, stock) into others of a d~fferent kind

- sayqepbi - change I exchange vouchers; - py6rrb - exchange rouble ; - B

).{Onnapbi - change into dollars.

2./1poU3. KOHBepTaUH.SI, KOHBepTHpyeMOCTb, KOHBepTHpyeMbiH.

/ R:f MeHJo, [ menyu] Hecl<ll. cp .. ( OT aHrn. Menu)

1. List of programs or functions

Bno:>KeHHoe --;- rronbJOBaTen.SI -user menu; Bhi6hipaTb KOMaH).{Y H3- -choose

a command from the menu ; Pa6oTaTb c - -work with the menu ; Bbi3hiBaTb -

-call a menu.

RSHuTepu{y I HuTepH{T, [ int'emet], .M, poo.HHTepH/ra, [ OT aHrn. Internet]

1. An international computer network, consisting of a large number of individual

computers and computer systems connected by telecommunications circuits.

)l,ocTyrr K - - access to internet; BOHTH B - - log on the net; no -y - on the

internet; B -e - on the internet; no CeTH - - on the net

2. /1poU3. l1HmepHemoecKuu.

176

3AKJIIOqEHME

IlOjiBJiemre HeOJIOrHJMOB B JII060M jiJhJKe B mo6oi1 HCTOpWieCKHH

MOMeHT HMeeT OrpOMHOe 3Ha1.JeHHe C T01.JKlf 3peHlfjl 3<fJ<fleKTlfBHOCTH jiJbiKa

KaK cpencTsa o6meHHjl. 3ToT HerrpepbiBHbiH rrpouecc rrpHcrroco6JieHHjl jiJbiKa

K MeHjiiQJ.UHMCji ycJIOBlfjiM )Klf3HH, BKYCaM rOBOpjiJ.UlfX Ha HeM H HX

MeHTaJIHTery )laeT B03MO)KHOCTb Y3HaTb OCHOBHbie TeH)leHUHH pa3BHTlfji

jiJhiKa If ero CHCTeMbl.

IlpHMeHHTeJibHO K pyCCKOMY jiJbiKY, MO)KHO CKaJaTb, 1.JTO rrpo6JieMa

HOBbiX CJIOB )lOBOJibHO IIIHpOKO HCCJie)lOBaHa If UeHHbie TeOpeTH1.JeCKHe

3HaHlfjl, HaKOIIJieHHbie B Te1.JeHHe HeCKOJibKHX BeKOB, BepHO pacKpbiBaiOT

MHOroacrreKTHOCTHhiH H CJIO)KHbiH xapaKTep 06Cy)K)laeMOH KaTeropHH CJIOB.

Y)Ke Ha HCXOJle XX BeKa, Ha OCHOBe HMeiOIUHXCjl )laHHhiX 0 HOBhiX jiJbiKOBbiX

e)lHHHUaX, MO)KHO fihiJIO BhiJleJIHTb )lBa Hay1.JHhiX pa3)leJia - <<HeOJIOrmJ» H

«Heorpa<fJHjl» pyccKoro jiJbiKa.

J!IJyqeHHe HOBhiX jiBJieHHH 8 HCTOpH1.JeCKOH rrepcrreKTHBe IIOKa3bi8aeT,

1.JTO HerrpephiBHhiH rrpouecc II0j18JieHlfjl HeOJIOrH3M08 8 pyCCKOM jiJhiKe

Ha1.JaJICjl c naBHHX rrop. XoTjl HHTeHCH8HOCTh ero 6biJia He OJlHHaKo8a 8

pa3Hhie rrepHOJlhi. IlorroJIHeHHe cJio8apHoro cocTa8a Ja c1.1eT pa3Horo pona

H08006pa30BaHlfH 8Cer)la Bh13biBaJIO OC06hiH lfHTepec y JIHTeparypaBeJl08 H

jl3biK08e)l08 8 C8ji3lf C HX <flyHKUHOHHpOBaHlfeM 8 jiJhJKe.

Ha6JIIO)laeTCjl rrepeXO)l OT KOHCep8aTHBHOrO OTHOIIIeHlfji K 6onee

JIH6epaJibHOMY ( HeOJIOrH3aQlfjl 80CIIpHHlfMaeTCji KaK 6onee ecTeCT8eHHbiH

rrpouecc ), 1.JTO, 8 C80IO oqepeJlh, o6ner1.1aeT ero IIOHHMaHHe. Mo)KHO rrpH3HaTb,

1.JTO rrep8H1.JHhie 8biCKa3biBaHlfjl IIO )laHHOMy j18JieHHIO IIOCJIY)KlfJIH OCHOBOH

JlJJjl JlaJihHei1IIIero ocMhiCJieHlfjl j1JhiK08hiX Ho8aUHi1. B 60-x ronax XX 8eKa

nenaeTCji cepheJHajl rrorrhiTKa oc8emeHlfjl MHoroacrreKTHOCTH caMoro ji8JieHHjl.

oOJihiiiOH 8KJian 8 peiiieHHe H TeopeTH1.JeCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY pjlna ueHHhiX

80IIpOC08, C8j13aHHhiX C H08hiMH CJI08aMlf, 8HeCJIO pa38lfTlfe Heorpa<fJHH, T.e.

JieKClfKOrpa<fJH1.JeCKOH )lejiTeJihHOCTlf C8ji3aHHOH C HeOJIOrH3MaMH.

177

Bo BTopoi1 nonoBHHe XX BeKa BeChMa tiacTo o6cy)K.n:anach B

mfHrBHCTH'-IeCKOM Kpyry npo6JieMa HOBhiX CJIOB. TeopeTH'-IeCKOe OCMhiCJieHHe

oco6eHHOCTeH HOBhiX JieKCH'-IeCKHX e,UHHHU npOIIIJIO ,UJIHHHbiH TIYTb pa3BHTHR

H BCe el.l..(e npO.UOJI)KaeT pa3BHBaThCR. BhiRBJieHHe CaMoro TIOHRTHR

«HeonorH3M» H oco6eHHOCTei1 ero CTPYKTYPhi, ocHOBHhie cnoco6br

B03HHKHOBeHHR HOBbiX e,UHHHU, YCTaHOBJieHHe <!JaKTOpOB, Bbl3biBaiOI.UHX K

)KH3HH HOBbie CJIOBa, HX CTaryc B JieKCH'-IeCKOH CHCTeMe, Bhi,UeJieHHe pa3HbiX

THTIOB HeOJIOrH3MOB - BOT HeKOTOpbie BOTipOChl, JaTPOHYTbie JIHHrBHCTaMH.

Hx perneHHe HMeeT 6onhrnoe 3HatieHHe KaK B JIHHrBHCTH'-IeCKOM, TaK H B

COI..(HaJlhHO-HCTOpH'-IeCKOM, I<yJibrypHO-TI03HaBaTeJibHOM OTHOIIIeHHRX, TaK KaK

,UaHHbie, TIOJiy'-leHHbie OT TIO.U06Horo HCCJie,UoBaHHR MOryT npORCHHTb

npo6JieMy 061.1..(eH TeOpHH R3biKa (T.e. ,UJIR TIOHHMaHHR COOTHOIIIeHHR R3biKa H

MbllliJieHHR, R3biKa H petiH; R3biKa H 06I.UeCTBa H T.TI).

Ha npouecc noRBJieHHR HeonorHJMOB B pyccKoM R3biKe aKTHBHO

BJIHRIOT KaK BHeiiiHHe, TaK H BHYTPeHHHe <PaKTopbi. XoTR BHeRJbiKOBbie

<!JaKTOpbl OKa.JbiBaiOT npeo6Jia,UaiOI.I..(ee BJIHRHHe B pa3BHTHH JieKCH'-IeCKOrO

COCTaBa, O,UHaKO, rJiaBHbiMH CTIOC06aMH TIOTIOJIHeHHR CJIOBapR RBJIRIOTCR

CJIOB006pa30BaHHe, 3aHMCTBOBaHHe CJIOB H3 .n:pyrHX R3biKOB, CeMaHTH'-IeCKOe

npeo6pa30BaHHe y)Ke cyi.UeCTBYlOI.UHX CJIOB, a TaK)Ke CTIOC06 CJIO)KeHHR CJIOB.

AHaJIHTH'-IeCKHH o63op HaytiHbiX 3HaHHH o HOBbiX neKCH'-IeCKHX e.n:HHHUax

.n:aeT .UOCTOBepHOe CBH.UeTeJibCTBO 0 CTaHOBJieHHH TeOpHH HeOJIOrHH pyCCKOrO

RJhiKa. Hy)KHO npHJHaTh, '-ITO o63op MaTepHana no nonoJIHeHHIO

JieKcHqecKoro cocraBa pyccKoro RJbiKa .n:o HbiHerrmero speMeHH oueHHBaeT

,UaHHOe RBJieHHe TOJlbKO KaK JIHHrBHCTH'-IeCKOe.

lJ:TO KacaeTCR Heorpa<IJHH, TO Cyl.l..(eCTBOBaHHe MHOrHX CJIOBapei1 HOBbiX

CJIOB rOBOpHT 0 npOUBeTaHHH HeOJIOrHtieCKOrO JieKCHKOrpa<IJHpOBaHHR

pyccKoro RJbiKa. PyccKaR Heorpa<!JHR npouma nyTb OT onHcaHHR

HeOJIOrH3MOB B 061.1..(eR3biKOBbiX CJIOBapRX .UO C03,UaHHR CTiei..(HaJlbHbiX

CJIOBapei1 HOBbiX CJIOB.

0TCTaBaHHe B perHCTPaUHH HOBhiX CJIOB B 60JiblliHX TOJIKOBbiX

CJIOBapRX C O,UHOH CTOpOHbl, H TIOTPe6HOCTh B 03HaKOMJieHHH C HOBbiMH

178

cpaKTaMI1 .H3hiKa, 11CllhlThiBaeMa.H llOJih30BaTeJI.HMI1 pyCCKI1M .H3hlKOM, C Jlpyroii,

nOCJIY)f(I1JII1 OCHOBHhlMI1 npw-mHaMI1 .LJ:JI.H ll011CKa cnoco60B Oni1CaHI1.H HOBaU11H

B CJIOBap.HX. TaK pO)f(.LJ:aJiaCh MhiCJih 0 COCTaBJieHI111 cneU11aJihHhiX CJIOBapeii

HOBhiX CJIOB. CocTaBJieHI1e cneU11aJihHhiX cnoBapeii Heonori13MOB HeCOMHeHHO

.HBI1JIOCh OllTI1MaJihHhiM CllOC060M Olli1CaHI1.H HOBOH JieKCI1KI1. IlepBhiH

CJIOBaph HOBhlX CJIOB « HOBble CJIOBa 11 3HaiJeHI1.H: CJIOBaph-CnpaB01JHI1K»

BhiiiieJI B 1971 r. B HaCTO.HIU11H MOMeHT pyccKa.H Heorpacp11.H npe.LJ:CTaBJieHa

MHOr11MI1 pa3H006pa3HhiMI1 CJIOBap.HMI1 HOBhiX CJIOB.

foBop.H KOHKpeTHO o6 .H3hiKOBhiX 113MeHeHI1.HX KOHUa XX BeKa, MO)f(HO

3aMCTI1Th CJie.LJ:yiOIU11e OC06eHHOCTI1 pa3BI1TI1.H pyCCKOrO .H3hiKa:

PyccKI1ii .H3hiK B nocTnepecrpoeiiHhiH nep110)l OKa3hiBaeTC.H no.n

60Jihllli1M y .napOM o6meCTBeHHO-llOJII1TI11JeCKI1X, COUaJihHO-KY JihTYPHhiX,

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