rmwdum - mopfi · 2018. 12. 26. · tjyeftvsef av;pm;wwfnyd; tm;vkh;yg0ifedkifonfh...

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8



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9

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10



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x&Gefepfenf;ynmjzifh tcsuftvuf xdef;csKyfpepf

rsm;tm; ajymif;vJ&ef BudK;yrf;vsuf&SdMuonf/

4 IR \ tcGifUtvrf;rsm;ESifU pdefac:rIrsm;4 IR \ ajymif;vJwdk;wufrIEIef;onf acwf

a[mif;rS pufrIawmfvSefa&;rsm;ESifh toGif jcm;em;pGm

tqrwef vsifjrefajymif;vJ wdk;wufvsuf&Sdonf/

urÇmhvloef;aygif;rsm;pGmonf tvGefwdkawmif;aom

tcsdeftwGif; tifwmeufuGef,ufrSwpfqifh pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfom;tiftm;pkae&mwGif pufypönf;

tpm;xdk; vkyfudkifvmrIrsm;aMumifh

tvkyftudkif^ vkyfom;tiftm;aps;uGuf

ysufjym;oGm; rnfjzpfonf/

17

twJG(5)? trSwf-2


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Skill / Low Pay ESifh High Skill / High Pay [lí tedrfhtjrifh

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wpfoD;yk*¾v ESifh tkyfpki,fav;rsm;onf

EdkifiHom;rsm;ESifh tkyfcsKyfol tpdk;&tay:

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jynfolrsm; taejzifh

usD;vefY pmpm;b0wGif

taMumufw&m;rsm;jzifh om

18



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onf/

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wdkYonf a&m,Sufaernfjzpfonf/ ZD0vufeufrsm;tm;

tvG,fwul udkifpGJvmEdkifonfh enf;ynmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf

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om &ifqdkifMu&rnfjzpfonf/

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rIrsm;tm; avQmhcsEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

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tjypfrsm;onf EdkifiHom;rsm;? pm;okH;olrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;

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BuHqrIrsm;jzifh xkqpfykHazmf&mwGif jzpfvmEdkifzG,f&Sd

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pufrIacwfajymif; awmfvSefa&;onf ,cif acwfajymif;

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ajymif;vJjcif;om ay:aygufvmrnf jzpfygonf/

rSDjirf;

The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Professor Klaus

Schwab

Wikipedia

The Fourth Industrial Revolution: what it means,

how to respond

19

twJG(5)? trSwf-2


1/ okawoe ynm&Sifrsm;taejzifh analyzed data rsm;tay: tajccHNyD;

Project Report rsm; a&;om;jcif;jzpfygonf/ odkYaomf tqdkyg data rsm;udk analyze

rvkyfrD yxrOD;pGm data rsm;udk Measurement Level tvdkuf define vkyf&ef vdktyf

rnfjzpfonf/ odkYrSom wGufcsufrIrsm;wGif oifhavsmfonfh wGufcsufrIrsm;udk

aqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

2/ xdkYaMumifh data rsm;udk Measurement Level tvdkuf cGJjcm;Munfhrnfqdkygu

(4)rsKd; cGJjcm;Edkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm -

(u) Nominal Level

(c) Ordinal Level

(*) Interval Level ESifh

(C) Ratio Level wdkYjzpfygonf/

Nominal Level qdkonfrSm variable wpfckudk trnfowfrSwf½Hk̂ trsKd;tpm;

owfrSwf½Hkom vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfonfu BuD;onf̂ i,fonf ponfh

logical order pDpOfí r&yg/

Oyrm- armifarmif? atmifatmif? vSvS ponfh trnfrsm;/ ucsif?

u,m;? u&if? csif; ponfh vlrsKd;trnfrsm; tygt0if tjcm;aom trnfemr

20

tjzpfom owfrSwfxm;onfh trnf [lorQwdkYonf

Nominal Level omjzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

trnfrsm;wGif rnfonfhtrnfu ydkBuD;onf̂ i,fonf

[k logical order t& cGJjcm;í r&bJ trnfwpfcktaejzifh

om owfrSwfxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/

xdkYjyif tm;upm;orm;rsm;\ ausmeHygwfrsm;

udk define vkyfrnfqdkyguvnf; Nominal Level om

jzpfrnf/ Oyrm abmvHk;tm;upm;enf;udk avhvmMunfh

rnfqdkvQifvnf; *dk;orm; (goal keeper) \ ausmeHygwf

(1)rSm toif;xJwGif tawmfqHk;jzpfojzifh ay;xm;jcif;

rsKd;r[kwfbJ tqdkyg ausm eHygwf (1) onf *dk;orm;[k

udk,fpm;jyKjcif;omjzpfonf/

SPSS data set wnfaqmuf&mwGif category

data rsm;udk data entry aqmif&Guf&mwGif vnf;aumif;?

data analyze aqmif&Guf&mwGifvnf;aumif; vG,ful

ap&ef tqdkyg category data rsm;udk numerical data

yHkpH ajymif;vJavh&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/

xdkYaMumifh tqdkyg numerical data rsm;onf

tjriftm;jzifhom udef;*Pef; toGifaqmifaejcif; jzpf

aomfvnf; tqdkyg udef;*Pef;rsm;udk rnfonfh udef;

*Pef;u BuD;onf̂ i,fonf owfrSwfí rjzpfEdkifouJh

odkY tqdkyg udef;*Pef;rsm;udk aygif;jcif;^ Ekwfjcif;

aqmif&Gufrnfqdkyguvnf; t"dyÜm,fr&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh

tqdkyg udef;*Pef;rsm;onf trnfemr wpfckudkom

udk,fpm;jyKjcif; jzpfonf/

SPSS data set wGif Nominal Level tjzpf

awGUEdkifonfh Oyrm yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;rsm;rSm -

(u) Sex : Male = 1, Female =2

(c) Ethnic: Kachin = 1, Kayar = 2, Kayin = 3,

Mon = 4 . . .etc. .

(*) Marital Status: Single = 1, Married = 2,

Divorce = 3, Window = 4

(C) Region: Yangon = 1, Mandalay =2,

Ayeyarwaddy = 3 . . .etc. . wdkYjzpfMuygonf/

Ordinal Level qdkonfrSm logical order t&

rnfonfu BuD;onf^i,fonf[k cGJjcm;í&ygonf/

odkYaomf yrmP rnfrQ BuD;onf̂ i,fonf[k wGufcsuf

í r&yg/

Oyrm- wuúodkvf wpfckwGif “tutor”ç “Assi-

stant Lecture”ç “Lecture”ç “Associated Professor”

and “Professor” wdkYonf trnfemr owfrSwfcsuf

rQom r[kwfbJ &mxl;tvdkuf rnfonfh &mxl;u BuD;

onf^i,fonfudk cGJjcm;í &ygonf/ odkYaomf &mxl;

wpfae&mESifh wpfae&m yrmP rnfrQ uGmjcm; onf^

BuD;onfudk wGufcsufí rjzpfEdkifyg/

xd k Y jyi f tcsK d U project rsm;wGi f opinion

ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf likert scale t& “strongly agree”ç

“agree”ç “neither agree nor disagree”ç “dis-agree”ç

“strongly dis-agree” wdkYonf wpfckESifh wpfck BudKufESpf

oufrIt& logical order pDpOfí &aomfvnf; yrmP

rnfrQ uGmjcm;onfudk azmfjyEdkifpGrf; r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh

tqdkyg variable rsKd;udk Ordinal Level tjzpf owfrSwf

&rnfjzpfonf/

SPSS data set wGif Ordinal Level tjzpf

awGUEdkifonfh Oyrm yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;rsm;rSm -

strongly agree = 1, agree = 2, neither agree nor

disagree= 3, disagree =4, strongly disagree =5

tutor = 1, Assist Lecture = 2, Lecture = 3,

Associated Professor = 4, Professor =5

Interval Level qdkonfrSm udef;*Pef;wpfck

ESif h wpfckwd k Y Mum;wGif wlnDonfh jcm;em;csuf^

uGmjcm;csuf &Sdaom variable rsKd;udk owfrSwfygonf/

Oyrm - tylcsdefudk wdkif;wmrnfqdkygu 31˚ F

ESifh 33˚F wdkYtMum;wGif 2 ̊ F uGmjcm;ouJhodkY 34˚F ESifh

36˚F wdkYtMum;wGifvnf; 2˚F uGmjcm;jcif;om jzpf

onf/ xdkYaMumifh tqdkyg variable rsKd;udk Measurement

21

twJG(5)? trSwf-2


Level owfrSwfrnfqdkygu Interval Level omjzpfrnf/

xdkYjyif zdeyf size udk avhvmMunfhrnfqdkygu

vnf; Interval Level omjzpfrnf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf

zdeyf size wpfckESifh wpfck tMum; BuD;oGm;^&SnfoGm;onfh

Interval onf wlnDonfjzpfonf/ (size No. 6 ESifh size

No. 7 onf 10 cm uGmjcm;rnfqdkygu size No. 8 ESifh

size No. 9 Mum;? size No. 11 ESifh size No. 12 Mum;wdkY\

jcm;em;csufonfvnf; 10 cm omjzpfrnf/)

wzufwGifvnf; zdeyf size No. 12 onf zdeyf

size No. 6 xuf (2)q BuD;roGm;^&SnfroGm;yg/

xdkYaMumifh zdeyf size udk tcsKd;^tqtaejzifh ajymí

r&bJ interval taejzifhom owfrSwfEdkifygonf/

Ratio Level qdkonfrSm udef;*Pef;wpfckESifh

wpfckwdkY Mum;wGif tcsKd;^tqtaejzifh ajymEdkifaom

variable rsKd;udk owfrSwfMuonf/

Oyrm - 0ifaiG? toHk;p&dwf? tdrfaxmifpk0if

ta&twGuf? ajzqdkol\ touf ponfh variable rsKd;udk

Ratio Level tjzpfowfrSwfEdkifonf/ tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf OD;atmifatmifonf wpfv (5)odef; &&SdNyD;

a':wifwifonf wpfv (10)odef;&&Sdrnfqdkygu

a':wifwif&&Sdonfh 0ifaiGonf OD;atmifatmif &&Sd

onfh 0ifaiG\ (2)q &Sdonf[k ajymEdkifonf/

xdkYjyif OD;atmifatmiftaejzifh ,ckv tvkyf

rvkyfEdkifygu 0ifaiGr&Sd (zero income) jzpfrnf/ (One

of the properties of ratio level is “The point 0 reflects

the absence of the characteristic”)

SPSS data set wGif Interval ESif h Ratio udk

cGJjcm;owfrSwfjcif;r&SdbJ Scale tjzpfom wpfpkwpfpnf;

wnf; owfrSwfxm;aMumif;awGU&onf/ Scale (Nomi-

nal and Ordinal) onf numerical type jzpfonfh twGuf

tqdkyg data udk SPSS data set wGif oD;jcm; owfrSwf&ef

rvdkyg/

3/ Variable wpfckudk Measurement Level owf

rSwfcsuftay: rlwnfNyD; Data analyze vkyfEdkifonfh

yHkpH uGmjcm;oGm;ygonf/

Oyrm - Measure of central tendency wGuf

rnfqdkygu scale level owfrSwfxm;&Sdonfh data udk

mean (orwfudef;)? median (tv,fudef;) ESifh mode

(Budrfrsm;udef;) wdkYjzifh wGufcsufazmfjyEdkifaomfvnf;?

Ordinal Level owfrSwfxm;&Sdonfh data udk median

(tv,fudef;) ESifh mode (Budrfrsm;udef;) wdkYjzifhom

wGufcsufazmfjyEdkifNyD;? Nominal Level owfrSwfxm;

&Sdonfh data udk mode (Budrfrsm;udef;) wpfckwnf;jzifhom

wGufcsufazmfjyEdkifygonf/

od k Yaomf tcsK d U marketing project report

rsm;wGif likert scale (Ordinal Level xm;&Sdonfh data)

udk mean (orwfudef;) wGufcsuf azmfjyavh&SdaMumif;

vnf; awGU&wwfygonf/

Basic Statistical analysis wpfcktaejzifh -

Nominal Ordinal Scale

Mean -

Median - -

Mode - - -

4/ xdkYaMumifh variable rsm;udk analyze rvkyfrD-

(u) rnfonfh Measurement Level owfrSwfoifh

onf/

(c) rnfhonfh statistical methods rsm;udk toHk;jyKNyD;

analyze vkyfrnf udk analyze vkyfolrsm;taejzifh

BudKwif oHk;oyfxm;oifhygaMumif; wifjytyfyg

onf/

22



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a'gufwmrif;aZmfOD;

23

&nf&G,fcsufDa Na Facility? UK Aid ESifh jrefrmEdkifiHopfoD;0vH?

yef;refESifh [if;oD;[if;&Guf pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyf wifydkY

a&mif;csolrsm;toif;? &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIESifh ukrÜPDrsm;

ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;Xme? csif;jynfe,fOD;pD;rSL;½k H;ESif h

tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm; pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;

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aumfzDESifh 0OoD;ESHrsm; wefzdk;jr§ifh uGif;quf tqifhjr§ifh

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rsm;odkY acs;aiGrsm; ay;tyfEdkifa&; &nf&G,fí 2018 ckESpf

{NyDv 21 &ufaeYrS 30 &ufaeYtxd rif;wyfNrdKU&Sd Green

Land abmf'gaqmifcef;rü pD;yGm;a&;tpDtpOfrsm;

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vkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&mwGif pD;yGm;a&;tpD

tpOftm; pepfwus a&;qGJ aqmif&GufwwfapEdkifa&;

&nf&G,fí oifMum;ydkYcscJhMuygw,f/

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pD;yGm;a&;tpDtpOf (Business Plan) NydKifyGJtm; rif;wyf

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pD;yGm;a&; tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;oifwef;odkY wuf

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aqG;aEG;yGJusif;yjcif;ESifU qkcsD;jr§ifUjcif;¤if;aemuf 2018 ckESpf arv 3 &ufaeYwGif

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odaumif;p&m}}? ]]ukrÜPDrsm; wnfaxmifrSwfykHwif

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ukrÜPDrSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&m udpörsm;? ukrÜPDrSwfykHwif

&jcif;taMumif;ESifh tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;

aqG;aEG;cJhygonf/ qufvufí Mr. Peter Brimble

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pyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;ajymMum;cJhygw,f/ xdkYaemuf

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taMumif;? SMEs acs;aiGwifoGif;avQmufxm;jcif;

taMumif;? tao;pm;ESifh tvwfpm;pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;

rsm; rSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&m vkyfief;pOfrsm;taMumif;

&Sif;vif;ajymMum;NyD; pdwfyg0ifpm;ol vkyfief;&Sifrsm;

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rsm;udk aqmif&Gufay;cJh&m ukrÜPD (8)cktm; aeYcsif;NyD;

aqmif&Gufay;EdkifcJhygw,f/

24



bPfacs;aiGavQmufxm;ykHrsm;ESifU aqG;aEG;ar;jref;jcif;qufvufí {&m0wD awmifolv,form;rsm;

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vmrnf jzpfygaMumif; tBuHjyKwifjyjcif;jzpfygw,f/

25

twJG(5)? trSwf-2


udef;*Pef;tokH;jyKoleSifh yHhydk;ay;olrsm;tMum;qufqHa&;(Data User and Provider Relationship)

» anmifwdkif (A[dkpm&if;tif;tzGJY ) »

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vnf; jrifhwufvmygonf/ rdrdwdkYpdwf0ifpm;onfh e,fy,frsm;twGuf udef;*Pef;

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onf tvGefta&;BuD;aom tcef;u@wpfckjzpfygonf/

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vlrIa&;qdkif&mwGif tvGefta&;BuD;aom ñTefudef;rsm;twGuf tokH;jyKolrsm;

vdktyfonfh udef;*Pef;rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;ESifh tcsdefrDNyD;pD; &&Sd&ef

twGuf enf;ynm? aiGaMu;ESifh vl tiftm;vkHavmufrI&Sdjcif; ponfh tm;omcsufrsm;

26

(Strengths) pdppfokH;oyfjcif;? udef;*Pef;aumuf,lrnfh

olrsm;wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh t&nftaoG;rjynfh0

jcif;? vkHavmufaom t&if;tjrpfr&Sdjcif;ESifh udef;*Pef;

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pDpÚfaqmif&Gufxm;rIr&Sdjcif;ponfh tm;enf;csufrsm;

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xkwfa0Edkifrnfh pDrHcefYcGJrIESifh qufoG,faqmif&GufEdkif

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tpdk;&u@? or0g,ru@ESifh yk*¾vdu@wdkYrS udef;

*Pef;tcsuftvufrsm; &&Sda&;twGuf udef;*Pef;

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a&;wdk;wuf aumif;rGefap&ef t[efYtwm;jzpfaponfh

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jzifh jyKvkyfMuygonf/

udef;*Pef;pDrHcefhcGJrIwpfenf;tm;jzifh udef;*Pef;xkwfa0olrsm;

onf yHhydk;ay;olrsm; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkYtaejzifh udef;

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Ä EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ vrf;ñTefcsufESifh vdktyfonfh

rl0g'rsm;twGuf udef; *Pef;aumuf,ljcif; jzpf

onf/

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onfh pDrHcefYcGJrI

(Master Data and Metadata Management)

Ä rl&if;udef;*Pef;ESifh ,if;udef;*Pef;&&Sdatmif

aqmif&GufcJhonfh udef; *Pef; t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkxm;

rIrsm;udk pDrHcefYcGJjcif; jzpfonf/

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Ä udef;*Pef;rsm; wdusrSefuefa&;twGuf ppfaq;

jcif;jzifh t&nftaoG;xdef;csKyfjcif; jzpfonf/

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Ä udef;*Pef;trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf pD;yGm;a&;ESifh

vlrIa&; e,fy,ftvdkuf t"dyÜm,frsKd;pkH yg0if

aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf/

(5) Adokumynm (Architecture)

Ä t"dyÜm,fzGif hqdkxm;aom udef;*Pef;rsm;udk

Adokumynm tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh vkyfief;&nfrSef;

csufrsm; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkifrnf

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Ä udef;*Pef;rsm;rSwpfqif h rl0g'rsm;twGuf

vdktyfaom owif;tcsuf tvufoGif;tm;pkrsm;

tjzpf ajymif;vJjcif; jzpfonf/

(7) odkavSmifjcif;(Warehousing)

Ä udef;*Pef;rsm; taMumif;trsK d;rsK d;aMumif h

yaysmufrIr&Sdap&ef odkavSmif xdef;odrf;xm;&rnf

jzpfonf/

(8) udef;*Pef; tcsuftvufrsm; xnfhoGif;onfhpepf

(Database Systems)

Ä udef;*Pef;rsm; odkavSmifjcif;jyK&mwGif udef;

*Pef;tcsuftvufrsm; xnfhoGif;onfhpepfjzifh

pepfwus odrf;qnf;xm;jcif; jyKvkyf&rnf jzpf

onf/

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ordkif;onfvnf; ta&;BuD;ygonf/ xdkYjyif aumif;rGef

27

twJG(5)? trSwf-2


aom qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfay;Edkifrnfh a,bk,s

vdktyfonfh udef;*Pef; trsKd;tpm; (5) rsKd;rSm atmufyg

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(2) wdk;wufaumif;rGefaom udef;*Pef; (Improving

Data)

(3) BudKwifcefYrSef;Edkifaom udef;*Pef; (Predictable

Data)

(4) wDxGifqef;opfrIudk jyKvkyfEdkifaom udef;*Pef;

(Breeding-innovation Data)

(5) ,SOf Ny d Ki fr Itm;omcsuf&S daom udef;*Pef;

(Competitive advantage Data)

ed*kH;udef;*Pef;tokH;jyKolrsm;taejzifh udef;

*Pef;tcsuftvuf &&SdrItwGuf tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;

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awmif;cH&&Sd&ef enf;vrf;rodjcif;ESifh rnfonfhudef;

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Edkifonf ponfh A[kokwtm;enf;jcif;wdk YaMumifh

tcuftcJrsm; BuHKawGU&jcif;jzpfygonf/ ,ciftcsdef

umvrsm;wGif EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf; Website rsm;ü

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tdrftaMumif;t&m oef;acgifpm&if;udk ESpfaygif;(30)

ausmfvGefcJhNyD;rS 2014 ckESpfwGif jyefvnfaumuf,l

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a&;qdkif&m udef;*Pef;tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,l

pkpnf;NyD; A[dkpm&if;tif;tzGJU 0ufqdk'f http://www.

mmsis.gov.mm wGif azmfjyvsuf&Sdygonf/ oufqdkif&m

udef;*Pef; Zmpfjrpfrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdkYudef;*Pef;

xkwfa0rIrsm;udk udef;*Pef;tokH;jyKolrsm; od&Sdem;vnf

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jyKolESifh yHhydk;ay;olrsm;tMum; qufqHa&; ydkrdkaumif;

rGefvmap&ef aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh pum;ajymedkifaom

udef;*Pef; (Data can speak) rsm;rSwpfqifh aumif;rGef

onfh rl0g'rsm; csrSwfaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfygaMumif;

tBuHjyK a&;om;wifjyvdkufygonf/

rSwfcsuf/ / tifwmeufowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk

aumufEkwfbmomjyefí pma&;oltmabmf

jzifh a&;om;jcif;jzpfygonf/

28



EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItpudk avhvmMunfhrnfqdkygu xdkEdkifiH

\ tajccHpepfwpfckjzpfonfh rSwfykHwifjcif;pepfudk avhvm&rnfjzpfonf/ rSwfykH

wifjcif;pepfrsm;wGif ]]arG;zGm;rIESifh aoqkH;rI rSwfykHwifjcif;pepf}}onf tajccH

tusqkH;pepfBuD;wpfck jzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ]]arG;zGm;rIESifhaoqkH;rI rSwfykH

wifjcif;pepf}} ydkrdktm;aumif;vmap&efESifh Xmeqdkif&mrsm;tMum; yl;aygif;

aqmif&GufrI tcsdwftqufrdap&ef usef;rma&;ESifh tm;upm;0efBuD;Xmevufatmuf&Sd

jynfolUusef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme? ukoa&;OD;pD;Xmetjyif pDrHudef;ESifh b@ma&;0efBuD;

Xmevufatmuf&Sd A[dkpm&if;tif;tzGJYwdkYrS t"du OD;aqmifí rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;

wpfckjzpfonfh ]]Bloomberg Data for Health Initiative}}\ taxmuftyHhjzifh

tvkyf½kH aqG;aEG;yGJudk usif;yaqmif&GufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/

tqdkygtvkyf½kHaqG;aEG;yGJudk aejynfawmfaumifpD&Sd ysÚf;rem;NrdKUe,f?

reÅav;wdkif;a'oBuD;&Sd 0rf;wGif;NrdKUe,fESifh anmifOD;NrdKUe,fwdkYwGif 2018 ckESpf

azazmf0g&Dv 28 &ufaeYrS rwfv 6 &ufaeYtxd usif;yjyKvkyfcJhNyD; taxGaxG

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yg0ifNyD; rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;jzpfonfh ]]Bloomberg Data for Health Initiative}}

rS tzGJU0ifrsm;ponfjzifh toD;oD; wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/

29

arG;zGm;rIESifh aoqkH;rI rSwfykHwifjcif;qdkif&m

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jcif;rSm jrefrmEdkifiH\ zGm;aopm&if;tif;pepf ydkrdktm;

aumif;vmap&ef? arG;zGm;rIESifhaoqkH;rI rSwfykHwifjcif;

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aqmif&GufrI tm;aumif;vmap&ef? jynfolvlxkrS arG;

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aqmif&GufEdkifap&ef? aoqkH;rIwdkYtm; eIwfjzifhar;jref;

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wufa&mufvmMuonfh Xmeqdkif&mrsm; tm;vkH;taejzifh

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aemuf zGm;aorSwfykHwifjcif;taMumif;tm; qufvuf

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pepf ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmygu EdkifiH\ vlOD;a& wdk;EIef;udk

30



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aMumif;ESifh pyfvsOf;ívnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f avhvm

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aqmif&GufcJhygonf/

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qdkif&mXmersm;tMum; tokH;jyK&rnfh zGm;aoykHpHrsm;

taejzifh 'kwd,urÇmppfrwdkifrD 1962 ckESpf azazmf0g&D

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á aoqkH;aMumif; oufaocH vufrSwf

wpfcktaejzifU tokH;jyKEdkifjcif;/

31

twJG(5)? trSwf-2


arG;pm&if; aopm&if;

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Edkifjcif;?

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Edkifjcif;?

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ESifU rl0g'rsm; a&;qGJEdkifjcif;/

á usef;rma&;tñTef;udef;rsm; wGufcsuf

Edkifjcif;?

á uav;rdcif aoEIef;ESifU a&m*gaoEIef;

ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk apmifUMunfUxdef;csKyfEdkifjcif;

á taotaysmufrsm;aom a&m*grsm;udk

azmfxkwfEdkifjcif;

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á usef;rma&;pDrHcsufrs

rmwdum - mopfi · 2018. 12. 26. · tjyeftvsef av;pm;wwfnyd; tm;vkh;yg0ifedkifonfh...

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