"rogorc ki samsoblo tvals miefara, igi im wutsive amotivtivda sulsi"

miqelanjelo. ieremia winaswarmetyveli (fragmenti).

istoriis damRlel mara-Tonebze, sisxliTa da crem-liT gajerebul saukuneebSi,

ebrael xalxs mudam Tan dahyveboda brZen winaparTa Segoneba: `gaxsovdes mTeli is gza, romliTac mohyavdi ufals _ Sens RmerTs...~ eris koleq-tiurma mexsierebam dRemde Semoinaxa wlebi Zveli didebisa, wlebi bibli-uri patriarqebisa, wlebi mefsal-mune daviTisa da brZeni solomonisa, magram ufro mware da Mmtanjvelia tragikuli usasoobiT gajerebuli xsovna. igi umZimes dReTa mTel wye-bas moicavs, romelTa Soris Tavisi fataluri TanmimdevrobiT yvelaze mtkivneulia cxra abis [`TiSa beab~] sisxliani dRe.

am dRes gadawyda, rom egviptidan gamosuli ebraelebi [udabnos Tao-

ba] aRTqmul qveyanaSi ver Sesuli-yvnen, radgan isini daeWvdnen RmerTis uZlevelobaSi da yurad iRes msto-varTa rCeva, romlebic irwmunebodnen, rom `rZisa da Taflis qveyanaSi~ Ses-vla SeuZlebelia.

pirveli da meore taZari am dRes daingra.

romaelTa winaaRmdeg amboxebuli bar-koxbelebis ukanaskneli cixe-simagre am dRes daeca.

bar-koxbelebis ajanyebamde sami wliT adre adrianem ierusalimis miwa gadaaxvnevina da gadawyvita, uflis qalaqi warmarTTa qalaqad gadaeqcia.

1492 wlis 9 abs samasi aTasi ebrae-li gandevnes espaneTidan...

Ddiax, bevri rbeva da awiokeba momx-dara 9 abis dRes, magram ebraelTaT-vis yvelaze mZime da mtanjveli mainc pirveli da meore taZris dangreva iyo, taZrisa, romelic maT SegnebaSi erovnul mTlianobasa da samSoblos ganasaxierebda da RmerTTan kavSiris simbolod aRiqmeboda. Ees iyo saxli uflisa, anu wmida saxli [ebr.: ‘’beT-ha-mikdaS’’], sadac imyofeboda yvela ebraelisaTvis saTayvano ‘’wmidai wmi-daTai.’’ Mmisma xilvam Turme gaaogna mravlismnaxveli romaelebi, radgan, frangi Teologis, Sarl vagneris Tqmisa ar iyos, `verc erTi brwyin-vale istoriuli saxeli _ egvipte, aTeni, romi _ ver Seedreboda ieru-

salimis maradiul brwyinvalebas.~ im-itomac, xalxis rwmeniT, RmerTma igi ver gaimeta samudamo xelyofisaTvis. rogorc legenda gadmogvcems, ieru-salimis cecxlmokidebuli taZari rom ixila, ufali Turme Tavadac SeZ-rwunda da angelozebs ubrZana, _ raki mTeli taZris gadarCena ukve SeuZle-beli iyo, darCenili bolo kedeli mainc exsnaT ganadgurebisagan. maSinve eqvsi angelozi Camomsxdara almod-ebul taZris TaRebze da tirili dau-wyiaT. maTi cremlebi Turme cecxlis duRils anelebda, saZirkvlis du-RabSi aRwevda da kedels Ronesa da gamZleobas matebda; ase gadarCa uw-mindesi taZris, `beT-ha-mikdaSis~ erTa-derTi kedeli, _ `godebis kedeli,~ romelic dRemde dgas, rogorc naSTi aw gardasuli didebisa da simbolo

maradiuli eris udreki da Seumusravi sulisa... taZris dangrevis dRe ki yve-laze did tragediad gaxmianda Zvel ebraelTa warmodgenaSi da ager oci saukunea, samgloviaro dRed aris miC-neuli mTeli qveynis iudevelebSi. Ees dRe qarTvel ebraelebSic ixsenieba, `sionis tirilis~ dRedaa saxeldebu-li da mis aucilebel atributs say-ovelTao sevda da mwuxareba warmoad-gens. Aam dRes mgloviare Wirisuflebi axloblebisa da winaprebis saflave-bze gadian, xolo sinagogebSi Tavmoy-rili eri nawyvetebs kiTxulobs ìer-emias godebidan.~

`sionis tirilis~ winaistoria ki aseTia:

Cvens welTaRricxvamde 586 wels babilonis mefe nabuqodonosorma moaoxra ierusalimi, daangria ebrael-Ta pirveli taZari da ierusalimis mkvidrni amoJlita, xolo vinc gad-aurCa momxdurTa cecxlsa da maxvils, babilonSi tyved waasxa;

aRsrulda ieremias winaswarme-tyveleba:

imxanad, - ambobs ufali, - saflave-bidan amoyrian iudas mefeTa Zvlebs, mis mTavarTa Zvlebs, mRvdelTa Zvlebs, winaswarmetyvelTa Zvlebs da ierusalimis mkvidrTa Zvlebs; aRar Sekreben da aRar damarxaven - da mimofantaven mzis, mTvarisa da cis varskvlavebis winaSe;

[ieremia, 8, 1-2] ierusalimi _ uflis qalaqi _

ganadgurebulia, taZari _ xidi mi-wisa da zecisa, israels RmerTTan rom akavSirebda, _ gauqmebulia. saso-warkveTilma winaswarmetyvelma gaxeda ukacriel qalaqs da amouSva mware godeba:

rogor Semusra Tavisi risxviT ufalma Cemma ierusalimi -asuli wmida sionisa, zecidan ufskruls Caisrola israelis simSveniere.hoi, kedelo sionisao, Rvare cremlebi mdinaresaviT...

aseTia Zvelebrauli legenda.mas Semdeg dangreul taZarTan zis

Turme winaswarmetyvelis mgloviare aCrdili da Tavis cremlian liturg-iaSi iwvevs iavarqmnili samSoblos SeWirvebul sulebs. Dda qarTlis dabi-nduli sanaxebidan aimarTeba TeTrwve-rosani moxucis mwuxare landi da aTaswleulTa gasayaridan exmianeba palestinis uZiro RameSi CanTqmul wi-naswarmetyvels:

vis iglov, ieremiav, Tavze rad iyri nacarsa? rad stiri ierusalims da solomonis taZarsa?.. [akaki wereTeli]

11semk

ieremiav"iglov,

"vis

...atirebuli ieremia datyvevebul Tvistomebs dadevnebia babilonisken. midioda viwro bilikebiT da yvelgan Turme daxocil iudevelTa sisxls xe-davda; rogorc ki Tavis TanamoZmeebs daewia, maTsaviT xundebi wamoicva da mZime jaWvebi Camoikida yelze. Nnab-uqodonosori cdilobda, Tavidan moeSorebina jiuti moxuci, magram Turme verafers gaxda . mdinare ev-frats rom miadgnen, mefem babilonSi wasvla SesTavaza winaswarmetyvels. ieremiam ierusalimSi dabruneba ar-Cia, raTa dangreuli qalaqi daetire-bina da cocxlad darCenilTaTvis eca nugeSi. igi tyveebs gamoemSvidoba da ierusalimis gzas daadga. RvTisgan mi-tovebuli, uflis qalaqidan ayrili, utaZrod da uwinaswarmetyvelod dar-Cenili iudevelebi Camosxdnen babilo-nis mdinareebTan da mwared atirdnen:

`mdinareebze babilonisa davsxediT maSin, gagixseneT da avtirdiT, sion!~ _ sulis SemaZrwuneblad mogviTxrobs amaze 137-e fsalmuni.

stirodnen mdinaresTan Camomsx-dari ltolvili tomis Svilebi. . .

gadmocemiT, nabuqodonosori mi-uaxlovda Turme mgloviare iudeve-lebs, mouxmo levitelebs, romelTac odiTgan locva da galoba evalebo-daT ebraul taZrebSi, da ase mimarTa maT:

` _ moemzadeniT! amaRamdel nadimze Tqven gevalebaT, qnarze daukraT israe-lis sagaloblebi, rogorc ukravdiT Tqvens taZrebSi Tqveni RmerTisTvis.~

SeZrwunebulma levitelebma Turme erTmaneTs gadaxedes da gaifiqres: Cvens qnarebze am uwmindurebis winaSe rogor unda davukraTo?.. qnarebi Ze-wnis totebze Camokides da TiTebi ga-daimtvries:

ZewnaTa Soris CamovkideT Cveni qnarebi,radganac Cvenma damtyveveblebmaqebis simRera mogvTxoves maSinda Cveni keris mZarcvelebma - simxiarule: gvigalobeTo sionuri sagaloblebi!rogor vimReroT uflis simRera

ucxo miwaze?Tu dagiviwyo, ierusalim,mec damiviwyos marjvenam Cemma.

dae, sasaze amekras ena,Tu Senze wuxils gadavudge, ierusalim,da Seni xsovna ukunisamdear aRvavlino saTaveSi Cemi lxinisa... [fsalmunni, 137]ase moTqvamdnen datyvevebuli

iudevelebi ucxo miwaze. Dda es gode-ba mogvianebiT mTel qveynierebaze gaxmianda, rogorc gulsaklavi RaRa-disi samSoblodakarguli da Tavisu-flebawarTmeuli sulisa. israelis am datirebaSi Tavisi xalxisa da qveynis tkivils amoikiTxavs oci wlis dab-rZenebuli Wabuki ilia WaqvWavaZe, bai-ronis èbraul melodias~ rom Targ-mnis:

òx, stirodeT maT, vinca stirian Mmdinareebze babilonisa,..~Zveli didebidanNNnaSTic aRar

darCaT ebraelebs: solomonis igav-miuwvdomeli taZari _ xelovnebis es xelTuqmneli Zegli _ daubuges da daunacres, oqros didebuli WurWeli waritaces, winaparTa samkvidro daur-bies da gaunadgures.. darCaT mxolod erTaderTi simdidre _ biblia _ Ta-vianTi `jibis samSoblo~ [h. haine]. da am bibliuri sibrZniT damZimebuli eri _ eri, romelsac ukan moetovebina saukuneebis istoriuli gamocdileba da karga xnis aTvisebuli hqonda er-TRmerTianobis idea [‘‘ismine, israelo! erTia ufali, ufali _ Cveni RmerTi’’] _ aw gandevnili da pativayrili, dedami-

wis zurgze iwyebs Tavis diad mogzau-

robas da galuTis gzebze mtanjvel

mogonebad mihyveba almodebuli ieru-

salimis Semzaravi xilva:

ganixvna sarkmelni cisani da SeiZ-ra safarvelni qveynisani,

da maxvili uflisa aRivso sisx-liTa, da daecnen didebulni, da daiTro qveyana sisxliTa maTiTa.

da dadnen yovelni Zalni cisani, da warigragna cai, viTarca wigni.

wyevaman SeWama qveyana, da dacxra sixaruli bobRanTa, da dacxra sim-didre didebulTa, da dacxra xma qnarisa.

da galRva alizi, da daeca zRude, sircxvileul iqmna mTovare da da kdemul iqmna mze.

mooxrda yoveli samkvidro, da daikliten kliteni saxlisa.

iglovos Rvinoman, iglovos ve-naxman, rameTu dagviteva Cven ufal-man,

ufalma dagviviwya Cven.nuTu RmerTma marTla daiviwya

Tavisi rCeuli xalxi, xeli aiRo is-

raelze da daarRvia odindeli aRTqma,

winaswarmetyvelis piriT rom hqonda

naTqvami: ‘’me var ufali, RmerTi maTi,

da igini xalxi Cemi, saxli israeli-

sa’’. iqneb ufalma sagangebod daayena

Tavisi eri umkacresi gamocdis winaSe,

rom istoriis gzebze Seemowmebina

misi amtanoba da WirTaTmenis niWi. Aan,

iqneb, is pirvelqmnili Tixa, samyaros

dabadebis Jams rom SeZerwa, Tavisi

suli STabera da Seqmna `xatad da

saxed Tvisad~ _ haiharad Sezelili

eCvena da, axla, saukuneebs miando, vin-

Zlo kargad gamomwvariyo aTaswleul-

Ta cecxlsa da almurSi, da wamebisa

da damdablebis gziT amaRlebuliyo

maradisobis sakurTxevelze, viTarca

eri misi rCeuli _ tyveobiTa tyveo-

bisa mZleveli da wamebiTa wamebisa

damTrgunveli.

uflis quraSi gamomwvarma Tixam

istoriis gamocdas gauZlo.

es umZimesi gamocda ki babilonis

mdinareebTan^daiwyo...

jemal ajiaSvili

"rogorc ki samSoblo Tvals miefara, igi im wuTSive

amotivtivda sulSi" hainrix haine

gazeTi Seicavs Toris wminda sityvebs. gTxovT gaufrTxildeT!

mZaxlebi`miTxari vin aris Seni me-

gobari da getyvi vin xar Sen!~ – es Zveli gamoTqma miuTiTebs pirovnebis sworad Secnobisa da SerCevis niWze, rac bunebrivad esadageba adamianTa Soris urT-ierTobebs.

winamdebare statiaSi gv-surs warmovaCinoT saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresis pr-ezidentis, aw gansvenebuli miSiko mirilaSvilis kidev erTi Rirse-ba _ Svilebis bed-iRbalze Seune-lebeli zrunva, maTi meore nax-evrebisa da sanaTesaos sworad SerCevis alRo.

bunebrivia, rom axalgaz-rdobidan Sromasa da garjaSi gawafuli kaci sarZlod da sasi-Zod ojaxis Sesaferis kandidats isurvebda!.. arada samive Svili Tvalsa da xels Sua wamoezarda da mzrunvelma mamam meuRlesTan SeTanxmebiT daiwyo fiqri Svileb-is momavalze, maTTvis Sesaferisi mewyvilis SerCevaze... Tumca ki yvelaferi SemTxveviT daiwyo...

kulaSSi erT sazeimo su-fraze miwveuli miSiko mirilaS-vili meuRlesTan erTad nacnob – naTesavebis wreSi ilxenda. aseT SemTxvevebSi sufris wevrebs So-ris xSirad imarTeboda xolme gasaTxovari gogonebisa da saqor-wino vaJebis vinaobis gakiTxva. erT-erTma mipatiJebulma qalba-tonma rogorc ki gaigo, rom mi-rilaSvilebis ufrosi vaJi,mixo, sacoloa da leningradSi samedi-cino fakultetze swavlobso – arc acia, arc acxela da yvelas gasag-onad ganacxada – Cems disSvils

gasaTxovari gogo hyavs gorSi – lamazi, niWieri da kargad gaz-rdilio...

miSiko mirilaSvils saqmis gadadeba ar uyvarda, ramdenime dRis Semdeg meuRlesa da side-drTan erTad gaemgzavra gorSi im naqebi gogonas sanaxavad, anu, rogorc es miRebuli iyo, `qalis gadasanaxuleblad...~

simarTle iTqvas, cotas Relavda; rac ar unda iyos – gori

– es aRmosavleTi saqarTveloa, iqauri ebraelebi qceviTa da men-talobiT gansxvavdebian dasav-leTelebisagan... magram yovel-gvari eWvi gaefanta mas Semdeg, rac abram (tugo) da maro SafToS-vilebis ojaxis kari SeaRo – er-Tob pirmocinari, Tavaziani da stumarTmoyvare xalxi Semoege-baT. maTi saTno da kdemamosili qaliSvilis – lauras danaxvam ki sabolood monusxa kulaSidan samoyvrod Camosuli xalxi _ fex-is mocvlas aRar fiqrobdnen...

mixosa da lauras pirvelive naxviT moewonaT erTmaneTi. cotaodeni yoymani lauras mSoblebis mxridan ki swrafad gan-imuxta mas Sem-deg, rac samZax-loTagan piroba miiRes – lauras swavlas gavagr-ZelebinebTo...

abram (tugo) SafToSvili gorel ebraulobaSi miRebu-li kaci iyo – ubralo, keTilSobili da alal-marTali. maRaz-iis gamge iyo da pati-osnad arCenda ojaxs. misi meuRle, maro – maTematikis maswavlebeli gaxldaT da didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda goris sazogadoe-baSi. igi yovelTvis erTgulad udga mxarSi gulxalas meuRles, romelsac ojaxSi Semosuli stu-mari RvTis wyalobad miaCnda. dax-vedra marTlac gvariani icoda. mis sanaqebod movlil sardafSi

gansakuTrebul adgilze iyo `miyuCebuli~ sapatio stumris sakadrisi Rvino, gamomSrali Txis xorci da Zexvebi... mJaveuli da xil – xinari.

miSiko da abrami damoyvrebis Semdeg Zme-biviT gaSinaurdnen. maTi yoveli Sexvedra dResas-waulad gadaiqceoda, na-Tesav – megobrebisa da mezoblebis garemocvaSi gaSlil sufrasTan Rameebs aTevdnen. uxarodaT erTad yofna, da azrTa gaziareba.

q-n maro xSirad miemg-zavreboda dasavleTisaken matarebliT datvirTul – dazurguli qaliSvilis mosanaxuleblad. Cavidoda samtrediaSi, sadac mZaxali kaci, miSiko, daxvdeboda manqaniT da Caiyvanda ku-laSSi. Zalian uyvarda na-

TesaobaSi Tavisi moyvrebis gamo-Cena. kulaSeli qalebi maSin ar muSaobdnen, amitom miSiko didi siamayiT aRniSnavda lauras de-dis pedagogiur moRvaweobas. ase pativnacemsa da saCuqrebiT dat-virTuls gamoistumrebdnen ram-denime dRis Semdeg mZaxal qals gorSi.

miSikos meuRles – dodosa da maros Soris Tbili da megobruli urTierToba damyarda, erTmaneTs

mokiTxvasa da pativiscemas ar ak-lebdnen.

maro da abrami (tugo) 1994 wels amovidnen israelSi da dasaxldnen xaifaSi. mcire xnis Semdeg abrami avad gaxda, logins miejaWva. mixo da laura imJamad leningradSi cxovrobdnen, magram daxmarebasa da yuradRebas ar aklebdnen mSoblebs. abrami 1999 wels gardaicvala. igi dasaflave-bulia xaifaSi.

miSiko da dodo mirilaS-vilebma mZimed ganicades esoden Zvirfasi da keTili mZaxlis da-kargva. gverdSi udgnen da Tana-grZnobas ar aklebdnen mis ojaxs.

samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom mirilaSvileb-

ma piroba pirnaTlad Sea-srules – lauram swav-la ganagrZo umaRles saswavlebelSi da war-matebiT daamTavra far-macevtiuli fakulteti.

q-n maro dResac xaifaSi cxovrobs. janmrTeloba kvlav-indeburad aRar mosdevs, magram zogjer mainc ax-erxebs SvilebT-an da SviliS-vilebTan Casvlas,

m o n a x u l e b a s , maTi xilviT tk-bobas. `Cems siZe

mixosa da SviliSvil slavas Zalian uyvarT

Cemi naxelavi namcxvari, xandaxan mivdivar maT sanaxavad... – Rim-iliT hyveba qalbatoni maro, ma-gram male eRrubleba saxe da sev-diani xmiT agrZelebs –”afsus, ra mZaxali davkarge! rogor yvelas dagvaklda miSiko mirilaSvili... dodo ar iyo daqvrirebis Rirsi, Zalian uyvarda qmari... Cems Svi-lebsa da SviliSvilebs Zvirfasi mama da babua daakldaT, vaglax...~

mZaxlebs Soris ar-sebul mravali wlis siyvarulsa da Tbil urTierTobas dRes ori daqvrivebuli mandilo-sani – q-nebi dodo da maro agrZeleben.

***pirveli Svili

rom daasaxla, ojaxma momdevno Svilze, say-varel qaliSvil – iri-nas bedze daiwyo fiqri. etyoba Tavad miSikos didi xnis win hyavda SerCeuli Rirseuli sa-siZo, radgan erT dRes leningradSi specialu-rad daureka irinas, romelic umaRles sas-wavlebelSi swavlobda, moikiTxa mamaSvilurad da bolos SekiTxva misca: Svilo, Sens momaval bedze bevri vifiqre da unda giTxra, rom gamCeni damex-mara gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. am dReebSi Cveni mezobeli besiko SalelaSvili Semomexmiana, Seni qaliSvili irina mogvwons Cve-ni vaJis romanisTviso... xom ici, rogor vafaseb mag xalxs da minda Seni azri movismino, ras ityvio...

irinam daimorcxva mamis SekiTxvaze, magram imdenad endo-

boda mis marTal gulsa da did gonierebas, rom cotaodeni yoy-manis Semdeg moikriba Zala da sak-maod damajerebeli xmiT miugo: mama, me vici, rom CemTvis Sen mx-olod saukeTesoTa Soris sauke-Tesos moisurvebdi... amitom savse-biT veTanxmebi Sens azrso...

ase damoyvrda kulaSis ori saxelovani gvari – mirilaSvileb-is da SalelaSvilebis ojaxi.

besiko SalelaSvili kulaSis ebrauli jamaaTis erTi gamorCeu-li wevri gaxldaT. ganaTlebuli, wignieri da sityvadaSaqruli, ku-laSisa da mis samezoblo raione-bis saxelganTqmuli Tamada. Sale-laSvilebis saojaxo biblioTeka sayovelTaod iyo cnobili. zrdi-loba, RmerTis didi siyvaruli, Sromismoyvareoba da adamianebT-an uSualo, gulgaxsnili damok-idebuleba – ai, is ZiriTadi ni-uansebi, romlebic yoveldRiurad avsebdnen besiko SalelaSvilis ojaxis yoveli wevris cxovrebas. aba aseT ojaxur garemoSi aRz-rdil axalgazrda vaJis colobaze romeli gogona ityoda uars?..

marTalia miSiko da besiko mezoblebi da bavSvobis megobrebi iyvnen, magram damoyvrebis Sem-deg namdvilad veRar Sordebod-nen erTmaneTs. sakuTari Tu sa-Temo sakiTxebis irgvliv fiqriT, msjelobiTa da samomavlo geg-mebze saubrebiT zogjer Rameebs aTevdnen. maTi meuRleebi mudam imis mcdelobaSi iyvnen Tu rarig saukeTeso sufra daexvedrebinaT Zvirfasi mZaxlisaTvis.

ramdenime wlis Semdeg miri-laSvilebisa da SalelaSvilebis ojaxebi moskovsa da leningradSi gadavidnen sacxovreblad. mZax-lebi saTaveSi Caudgnen adgilo-briv ebraelobis TavSeyris, maTi locvasa da RmerTTan daaxloebis

mcdeloba-saqmianobas. SeakeTes da keTilmoawyes salocavis Se-nobebi, SeabrZanes sefer-Torebi, moagvares qaSeri xorcis real-izaciisa da qaSeri sasadiloebiT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi; gaizarda jamaaTis raodenoba, saqarTvelo-dan gamosuli ebraelebis garda yofili ssrk-s qveynebidan Casuli ebraelobac eziara ebrauli rw-menisa da tradiciebis sibrZne – siwmindes.

moambe

12

mixael wiTliSvili

abram (tugo) SafToSvili besiko SalelaSvili

miSiko mirilaSvilis ojaxis israelSi gadmosvlis Semdeg be-siko SalelaSvili ormagi mondo-mebiT agrZelebda megobarsa da moyvare kacTan erTad arCeul na-Tel gzas – jamaaTis samsaxurs.

***qal-vaJis ojaxuri sakiTxis

warmatebiT mogvarebiT guldai-medebulma mamam axla umcrosi vaJis – gabrielis bedze daiwyo fiqri. xSirad esmoda axlobel – mezoblebisagan, bednieri kaci xar, SesaniSnavi Svilebi mogeswre-no... marTlac, gabrieli mravali ojaxisTvis sasurvel sasiZos warmoadgenda - pirmocinari, Wkvi-ani, ganaTlebuli, keTilSobili da Sromismoyvare axalgazrda saukeTeso ojaxiSvilobiTac fas-deboda.

magram Svilis bedi isev miSikom gadawyvita sul sxva gare-moSi, sruliad SemTxveviT...

erT-erT wveulebaze mamis

yuradReba miipyro tankenar-ma, pirmSvenierma qaliSvilma, romelic daxvewili manerebiT gamoirCeoda. moewona sarZlod da erTi suli hqonda gaerkvia misi vinaoba... axlobelTa daxmare-biT yvelaferi iRona, rom gaecno misi mama – Tbilisis ebraelo-bis TvalsaCino wevri – mixael wiTliSvili, romelsac qaliSvi-lis gaTxovebaze gagonebac ki ar surda. magram miSiko mirilaSvili moTminebis didi unariTac iyo da-jildoebuli – eqvsi Tvis Semdeg kvlav Seexmiana wiTliSvilebis ojaxs da roca gaigo, rom sar-Zlos mxridan uari dakavSirebuli iyo mxolod swavlis gagrZelebis survilTan, SvebiT amoisunTqa da RimiliT miugo sapatarZlos ma-mas: ra Tqma unda, rom iswavlis, uswavleli da gaunaTlebeli rZa-li arc me mindao!..

ase gadawyvites Svilebis – gabrielisa da baias bedi sakuTar sityvebSi da grZnobebSi didad

dajerebulma orma darbaiselma samZaxlom – kulaSelma da Tbi-liselma.

sakvirveli is iyo, rom orive axladdamoyvrebuli mZaxali ise uceb dauaxlovda erTmaneTs da iseTi megobruli urTierToba gaRvivda maT Soris, ucxos didi xnis nacnobebi egoneboda. mizez-sababs eZebdnen, rom xSirad enax-aT erTurTi, esaubraT Svilebis momavalze, gaeziarebinaT erT-maneTis azrebi da Sexedulebebi... da aewiaT RviniT savse Wiqa Rmer-Tis, mSvidobisa da Svilmomavlis sadRegrZelod.

bolo aTwleulSi cxovreba daujerebeli siswrafiT Seicvala. cxovrebis Carxis trialma didi manZiliT daaSora erTmaneTs mZaxlebi. raoden mZime iyo mixeil wiTliSvilisTvis Zvirfasi da saa-mayo mZaxlis – miSiko mirilaSvi-lis uecari gardacvaleba!.. mware cremli Camosdioida TvalTagan, guldamZimebuli usamZimrebda say-

varel siZes, qaliSvilsa da mTel

sanaTesaos.

Cans, elda da gulistkivili

imdenad didi iyo, rom mixeilma

ver daZlia misi simZime da sul

ramdenime Tvis Semdeg gardaicva-

la. igi israelSi CamoabrZanes da

dakrZales.

ase tragikulad dasrulda

miSiko mirilaSvilisa da misi

SesaniSnavi mZaxlebis ramdenime

aTeuli wlis Sinaarsiani mego-

brul-naTesauri cxovreba.

magram am unikaluri adami-

anebis urTierTobam Tavisi sasi-

amovno nayofic gamoiRo – maTi

qvrivad darCenili qalbatonebi

da gamravlebuli STamomavloba

Zvirfasi mamebis gakvalul naTel

gzas adganan.

izolda krixeli

***

Sen mSveli Seni samaridan, Zvirfaso dedi:roca avsuli momindomebs xelis Cavlebasda cremlis gube italReba brolis Wavlebad, _Sen mSveli Seni samaridan, Zvirfaso dedi!

guls miRrRnis bevri abezari, flidi da ybedi,magram Cacxreba yureebSi qari Tavneba da Seni ridiT uxamsoba Cainavleba,_Sen mSveli Seni samaridan, Zvirfaso dedi!

romc SemZras xisti sinamdvilis msaxvralma xelma,damixsnis Seni qalurobis brwyinva da elva;uTqmelad damaqvs sevdiani Seni Cveneba

da Tu davkarge siyvarulis grZneba da yadri, _mwams _ gzaabneuls megzuriviT SemeSvelebadedaSvilobis waruvali xibli da madli...

nuTu, vinc giyvars, is unda tanjo,

ekliT da ZeZviT gza daufaro,

eklis gvirgvini wilad arguno,

visac RviZl Svilad irCev, ufalo?!

Tumca maswavle tanjvis atana,

gamaZlebine da SemaCvie,

msxverplad ar mimce macdur satanas,

Sen ganmaride bedis marCiels.

nuTu sinaTles da siankares

gvimxel sicocxlis zRvarTan misulebs?

ver SegRaRadeb: tanjva makmare,

Tu ganmirisxdi da SemiZule.

Sen gamiTene isev xareba,

tanjulma sulma es SemogCivla,

radgan, ufalo, Senx mrisxanebas

qedmodrekili veli morCilad.

me gierTguleb, ragind damwyevlo,

damaqcie da nu Semicodeb,

abraamiviT Cemgan samsxverplod

radgan isurve Svilis sicocxle.

iqneb amaze amins damicem,

Zirs nu damamxob fexze wamomdgars,

am ena-pirman Cemman samiwem,

Tu sayveduri Seni warmoTqvas.

Tu abraamis Ze ar gangmire,

ar gaduqcie baRi eklnarad,

ra iqneboda, Svilis magier

Cemgan dakluli cxvari gekmara?

giorgi jemalajiaSvilixuxaSvili

locva

saqarTvelosebraelTamsoflio

kongresisxelmZRvaneloba,

TanamSromlebi,–TemisyvelawevrTan

erTadiziarebenraiadaiaSa(iakob)

wiwuaSvilebisRrmamwuxarebasvaJis

moSe(mixeil)iakobis–ZewiwuaSvilis

udroodgardacvalebisgamoda

TanagrZnobasucxadebengansvenebulis

ojaxs.

13semk

14


menora ToraSi pirvelad moxseniebulia gad-asatani taZris _ `miSqanis~ aRwerisas. Uuze-naesi ubrZanebs moSes: `gaakeTe menora xalasi

oqrosagan. Weduri gakeTdes menora. Mmisi Sverili, misi toti, misi Tasebi, misi kvirtebi da yvavilebi misgan iyos (`SemoT~, 25:31-36)..~ EgamCenis brZanebis Tanaxmad menoras Svidi toti unda hqonoda. SuaTana toti ver-tikaluri unda yofiliyo, rogorc Rero. TiToeuli toti Semkuli unda yofiliyo sami nuSiseburi TasiT, dekoratiuli kvirtiT da yvaviliT, xolo SuaTana to-tze unda yofiliyo oTxi nuSisebri Tasi, xuTi kvirti da sami yvavili. mTeli menora erTi talanti oqrosagan unda yofiliyo naTegi.

midraSis Tanaxmad, moSem ar icoda, rogor gaekeTe-bina menora. maSin gamCenma mas menoras zeciuri gamosax-uleba aCvena; miuxedavad amisa, moSes Zalian Zneli Ses-asrulebeli eCvena gamCenis davaleba. maSin uzenaesma uTxra moSes: `yvelaferi, rac Sen mogeTxoveba, isaa, rom oqros naWeri cecxlSi Caagdo; Semdeg ki daartya mas uro, da gamzadebuli menora gaCndeba!~ moSe asec moiqca _ Caagdo cecxlSi erTi talanti oqro, daartya uro da SesTxova gamCens: `samyaros meufev, oqro cecx-lSia, gaakeTe misgan, rac gsurs!~ da cecxlidan maSinve gaCnda oqros menora.

menoras udidesi simboluri mniSvneloba gaaCnia. igi ganasaxierebs sibrZnes Torisas, romelsac sina-Tles adareben. `rameTu mcneba _ sanaTia, xolo Tora _sinaTle~ (`miSlei~, 6:23).

menoras, rogorc Toris sibrZnis simbolos, gamoxatulebad Cveni netarxsenebuli brZenebi Tv-lian:

is damzadebuli iqna oqros erTi mTliani zodi-dan, rac Toris erTianobis simboloa. Toris halaxebi da hagadebi warmoadgenen mis kvirtebsa da Tasebs, rom-lebic erTi Rerodan itotebian.

menora damzadebuli iqna sufTa oqrosagan, rac niSnavs: uzenaesis sityva _ sufTa oqroa, minarevebis gareSe.

menoras Svidi toti miuTiTebs Toris Svid wignze. Cveni netarxsenebuli brZenebi ganmartaven, rom Tora Sedgeba Svidi wignisagan, ramdenadac nawili `vaei bin-soa~ (bemidbar, 10:35), erTgvarad calke wigns warmoad-gens, romelic wigns _ `bemidbar~ sam damoukidebel nawilad hyofs.

menoras eqvsi toti miSnis eqvs ganyofilebas See-sabameba, SuaTana Rero ki aRniSnavs adamianis gulSi SiSsa da krZalvas gamCenis mimarT, rac Toris Seswav-lis safuZvelia.

menoraze ocdaori Tasia, romlebic Seesabamebian ebrauli anbanis asoebs, romelTaganac Tora Sedgeba.

menora “miSqanis” (gadasatani taZris) samxreT nawilSi idga, rameTu netarxsenebul brZenTa Tanaxmad _“sibrZne samxreTSi imyofeba”. Mmenora moTavsebuli iyo “purebis magidis” pirdapir, raTa mieniSnebina, rom Toris sibrZnis gasaRviveblad materialuri mxardaW-eraa saWiro.

taZarSi dasadgmeli menorebisaTvis absolutur-ad sufTa oqros misaRebad, Slomo hamelexi oqros aTasgzis asufTavebda. Ees imaze miuTiTebs, rom adami-anma aseve guldasmiT unda Seamowmos, Tu rogor as-rulebs mcnebebs. maSin maT Sesrulebas ufro srulad SeZlebs.

moSes davalebis Tanaxmad, Slomo hamelex-ma taZarSi aTi menora dadga. amrigad, taZarSi sul samocdaaTi kandeli enTo (rameTu TiToeul menoras Svidi toti aqvs). isini msoflios samocdaaTi xalxis simbolos warmoadgendnen, romelTac evalebaT noaxis Svidi kanonis Sesruleba, rac gamCenma mTels kacobri-obas uboZa.

menoras dasanTebad zeiTunis zeTi ixmareboda; Tanac mxolod is zeTi gamodgeboda, romelic miiRe-boda zeTisxilis nayofis pirveladi gawurvis Sedegad. Ees pirveli wveTebi sruliad sufTaa da ar Seicavs naleqs; Semdgomi gamowurviT miRebuli zeTi ki ukve gasufTavebas saWiroebda, da menorasaTvis misi gamoyen-eba ar iyo nebadarTuli.

ratom airCia gamCenma menoras dasanTebad mx-olod zeiTunis, da ara romelime sxva zeTi?

rogorc winaswarmetyveli irmiahu ambobs, israelis xalxi zeTisxilsaa Sedarebuli (II : 15): “qorfa zeTisxili, umSvenieresi nayofi, giwoda Sen uzenaesma”.

ra msgavsebaa ebrael xalxsa da zeTisxils So-ris?

zeTisxilis sinaTle ara mxolod anTebuli zeTis alis sinaTlea, aramed TviT zeTisxilis xis varjis naTebacaa. rodesac qari maT foTlebs aSrialebs, zeTisxilis xeebs gars evleba vercxlisferi aTinaTi, romelic sinaTlis talRebis msgavsad livlivebs, ram-eTu foTlis qveda mxare _ movercxlisfro- TeTria, xolo zeda _ muqi mwvane. Dda swored es kontrasti qmnis imis STabeWdilebas, TiTqos xe sinaTles asxiveb-des.

zeTisxilis nayofi zeTs mxolod gawurvis Sede-gad iZleva. zustad aseve gandevnilobis Sedegad, xocva-Jletis, wamebisa da tanjvis Semdeg israelis SvilTa gulebi iwmindeba da gamCenisaken Semobrundeba. Eebrae-lis Sinagani arseba sufTaa. Mmxolod “iecer arayi” (boroti sawyisi) uSlis mas xels gamCenis samsaxurSi. Dda rodesac gare Zalebis zemoqmedebiT garegani CenCo moscildeba, Tavs iCens misi WeSmariti buneba _ si-wminde.

zeTis garda yvela sxva siTxe erTmaneTSi ireva da erTgvarovan masas iZleva. zeTi gamonaklisia _ is sxva siTxeebs ar ereva, _ calke rCeba. Aaseve, israelis xalxic erTaderTi xalxia istoriaSi, romelic sxva xalxebis mier ki ar STainTqa, aramed SenarCunda, da kvlavac samudamod SeinarCunebs Tavis TviTmyofadobas.

iseve, rogorc zeTi emsaxureba samyaros ganaTebas, aseve sibrZnec, romelic taZridan gamosxivdeboda, an-aTebda mTels samyaros.

menoras sanaTebs kohenebi yovel saRamos avsebdnen zeTiT. isini dilamde ar unda Camqraliyvnen. zeTis raodenoba ise iyo gaTvlili, rom sakmarisi yofili-yo zamTris grZeli RameebisaTvis. Dda yovelTvis, maT Soris zafxulis mokle RameebisTvisac, es raodenoba gamoiyeneboda; amitom zafxulSi, dilisaTvis, zeTis

raRac raodenoba dauwveli rCeboda.Svidi menoradan erT-erTze, dasavleTis menoraze

(ner maaravi), gansakuTrebuli saswauli xdeboda. dasav-leTis menoras eZaxdnen aRmosavleTis mxridan meores. masSi imdenive zeTs asxamdnen, ramdensac sxvebSi, magram is mudmivad anaTebda _ ar qreboda diliT. saRamos qo-heni sxva menorebs am, jer kidev manaTobeli, dasavle-Tis menoridan anTebda. zogierTi Cveni netarxsenebuli brZenis azriT, dasavleTis menoras anTeba weliwadSi mxolod erTxel uwevdaT. Ees saswauli miuTiTebda, rom israelis Svilebs Soris Sexina iyo davanebuli; es saswauli Simon marTlis gardacvalebamde grZel-deboda.

menora, romelic Slomo hamelexma pirvel taZarSi dadga, taZris dangrevisas daikarga. Mmeore taZrisaT-vis axali menora Seiqmna. Mmakabelebis wignis Tanaxmad, es menora antioqem moitaca, da xaSmonaebma mis magivrad sxva dadges.

miuxedavad imisa, rom TanaxSi ramdenime adgilas gvxvdeba menoras aRweriloba, ar arsebobs misi sakmari-sad Zveli gamosaxuleba, romelic saSualebas mogvcem-da misi zusti saxe warmogvedgina.

rodesac titusma meore taZari daangria, sxva gan-ZTan erTad menorac gaitaca da zar-zeimiT Seitana is romSi triumfaluri msvlelobis dros. Ees suraTi _ romaeli jariskacebi, romelTac wminda sakulto sagne-bi, da maT Soris menorac, miaqvT taZridan, amokveTilia titusis triumfaluri TaRis qvis bareliefze romSi. es taZris menoras erT-erTi uZvelesi gamosaxulebaa.

ufro gviandel gamosaxulebebzec Umenora sxva-dasxva formiTaa warmodgenili.Mmenoras Tavdapirveli formis Sesaxeb azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs.

menoras aRwerilobaSi, romelic zemoTaa ganxi-

luli (`SemoT~, 25, 31:36), TvalSisacemia botanikur cnebaTa simravlea: Rero, kvirtebi, yvavilebi, nuSis-magvari Tasebi. Aam terminebma efraim da xana areuven-ebi im azramde miiyvana, rom misi pirvelsaxe israelis bunebaSi unda eZebnaT. napovni iqna mcenareTa ramden-ime saxeoba, romelTa Sexeduleba wign _“bereSiT”-Si aRweril menoras miagavda. Aam mcenareTa umravlesoba Taviseburi aromatiT gamoirCeva da miekuTvneba salbis (Salfei) saxeobas. israelis botanikur literaturaSi miRebulia am mcenaris siriuli saxelwodeba _ marva. Eefraim areuvenim gamoTqva mosazreba, rom am saxel-wodebas ebrauli wyaro unda hqondes, kerZod _ moria. aseTia im adgilis saxelwodeba, sadac gaemgzavra mama abrahami, rodesac gamCenma icxakis msxverplad mitana ubrZana (`bereSiTi~, 22:2). SemdgomSi am adgilas (mo-rias mTaze) Slomo hamelexma taZari aago.

rogorc sayovelTaod aRiarebuli simbolo, meno-ra TanaxSi pirvelad winaswarmetyvel zaxarias wignSi figurirebs, rodesac igi Tavis zmanebebs aRwers. mex-uTe zmaneba menoras Seexeba. “da dabrunda is angelosi, romelic melaparakeboda, da gamaRviZa, zustad ise, rogorc Zilisagan aRviZeben kacs. Dda miTxra: ras xe-dav? Dda vuTxar: vxedav, aha, mTliani oqros menoras, da Tasia mis Tavze da Svidi lampada, da lampadebs Svid-Svidi milaki aqvT. Dda ori zeTisxilia mis gver-diT; erTi _ misi Tavis marjvniv, da meore _ marcxniv. xma amoviRe da vuTxari angeloss, romelic melapar-akeboda: ra aris es, Cemo batono? Mmomigo angelosma, romelic melaparakeboda da miTxra: gana ar ici, eseni (gamocxadebebi) ra aris (ras niSnaven)? vuTxari: ara-meTqi, Cemo batono. momigo angelosma da miTxra: es aris uflis sityva, zerubabelis mimarT naTqvami: ara ZaliTa da ZlierebiT, aramed mxolod Cemi suliT, _ Tqva cabaoT ufalma.”

rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT, menora umniSvnelovane-si ritualuri aqsesuari iyo. is simbolurad taZris mSeneblobis damTavrebas aRniSnavda. zaqarias zmanebaSi zeTisxilis ori nayofi, romelTagan zeTi wveTavda me-noraSi, simbolurad ebraeli xalxis or belads aRniS-naven _ iehoSua ben nunsa da zerubabels, romlebic israelis xalxs aRTqmuli miwis aTvisebis epoqaSi xe-lmZRvanelobdnen. Aaq motanili fasuqis idea, sadac materialur sawyisze sulieris upiratesobaa xazgas-muli, ebrael xalxs mTeli Tavisi istoriis manZilze Tan dahyveba. Aase warmoCindeba zmanebaSi momavalSi cionSi maSiaxis dabrunebis Tema, menora ki masSi gamoy-enebulia, rogorc taZris mSeneblobis damTavrebisa da israeli xalxis sulieri aRorZinebis simbolo. A

amrigad, menora mravalniSna simboloa: sulieri, nacionaluri, religiuri, magram uwinares yovlisa, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, is sinaTlis wyaroa. `sinaT-lis~ cneba iudaizmis sam centralur simbolos Soris erT-erTi da umniSvnelovanesia. Aamitom sanTlebi, rom-lebic sinaTlis wyaros warmoadgenen, ebraelTa yvela Taobis manZilze mniSvnelovan plastikur da verbalur ebraul simbolod aRiqmeba.

maradiuli sanTeli, romelic dRe da Ram iwvis sinagogaSi (beiT qneseTSi), aron hakodeSis win, uSual-odaa dakavSirebuli taZarSi menoris danTebasTan.

SabaTis wmidayofa yvelaze gavrcelebuli tradi-ciaa, romelic sanTlebis danTebasTanaa dakavSirebuli. rodesac ojaxis deda da qaliSvili saSabaTe sanTlebs anTeben, ebrauli saxli gansakuTrebuli SuqiT naT-deba. saSabaTe sanTlebi sulieri simbolos, Sinagani si-naTlisa da siwmindis simbolos klasikuri magaliTia.

ase rom, ukve samiaTas welze metia, rac menora ebrael xalxs Tan dahyveba: sinais udabnoSi xetialis Jams misi lampadebi anaTebdnen gadasatan taZarSi, an-aTebdnen pirvel, xolo aswleulebis Semdeg _ meore taZarSic. Mmas Semdeg ki, rac titusma meore taZari ia-varhyo da menora gaitaca, taZris menoris nacvlad aTa-sobiT da aTi aTasobiT axali Sandlebi gaCndnen, rom-lebic Suqs hfendnen ebraul saxlebs erec israelsa da diasporaSi. Mmenora gamosaxuli iyo sazogadoebrivi Senobebis kolonebze, gamoqvabul- akldamebSi, Zveli sinagogebisa da ieSivebis ferad vitraJebsa da iatakis mozaikaze. ebraeli ostatebis mier gakeTebul menoris formis SandlebSi iwvoda zeiTunis zeTi, anaTebdnen cvilis sanTlebi, ukanasknel xans ki _ eleqtrona-Turebi anTia.

amrigad, menoras mravalricxovan simbolur mniS-vnelobaTagan saerToa erTi _ is sinaTlis, naTebis wyaroa. M

yovel Taobas Tavisi sanTlebi aqvs, Tavis mSvi-dobian, nayofier da Tavisufal samSobloSi _ erec israelSi dabrunebis Tavisi imedi. Dda rodesac 1948 wels ebraelma xalxma damoukideblobas miaRwia, me-nora, rogorc zeviT aRvniSneT, arCeuli iqna israelis saxelmwifos simbolod _ is mis gerbzea gamosaxuli.

eTer TofCiaSvili-gigineiSvili

filosofiur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesoriq. Tbilisi

m e n o r a

menoras gamosaxuleba titus vespasianes triumfalur TaRze romSi (fragmenti)

moambe

15semk

upirveles yovlisa, jamaa-Tis yvela wevrs, Cvens yvela Tanamemamules, gu-

liTadad mogilocavT axal wels, dae, yofiliyos es weli sikeTisa da wyalobis momtani, mSvidobis damamkvidrebeli mTel qveyniere-baze.

roS haSana, rogorc gemaraSi weria, aris dRe uflis samsjavro-Si wardgomisa, gasamarTlebisa, im madlebisa da codvebis sasworze dadebis dRe, rac adamianma mTeli gasuli wlis ganmavlobaSi moimo-qmeda. am dReebSi wydeba, TiToeu-li adamianisa Tu qveynis, mTeli kacobriobis bedi. dae, wasul wels gahyolodes yvela siave, axal wels ki moetanos sixaruli da bedniereba, _ amen!

`Tixle Sana vekileloTea, Taxel Sana ubirxoTea.~ RmerTma gadagiwyvitoT yvelas momZlavreba da momaRleba, dovlaTis siWarbe da cxovrebis ukeTesoba.

gansxvavebulia Cveni rwmena sxvaTa rwmenisagan. axal wels yvela mxi-arulebiTa da drostarebiT aRniSnavs, Cven ki vxvdebiT sasoebiT da mo-naniebiT, ufals SevTxovT, gvepatios Cveni Secodebani.

Tora gvavaldebulebs: roS haSana iyos TqvenTvis Sofaris dakvris dRe _ `iom Teruya iehie laxem.~

ras niSnavs Sofari?samnairi motivi gaismineba am dRes Sofarisagan: erTi wkriala da gau-

texavi, calke tonalobisa da SeubRalavi, _ mas ewodeba `Tekiya.~meore xma gamafrTxilebelia, samgvar tonSi gaismis, TiTqos qarTa

qrolisagan iRunebao raRac da zogjer tydeba kidec, _ mas ewodeba `Se-barim.~

mesame xma ki gahkivis erT tonSi, SemaZrwuneblad, uwyvetliv da Zli-erad, _ da mas ewodeba `Teruya.~

es samgvari xma da motivi adamianTa cxovrebis epizodebze gvesaubreba: pirveli, roca adamians tkbili cxovreba aqvs, swored maSin saWiroebs, rom axlos iyos rwmenasTan da gamCenTan; meore xma Segvagonebs, rom Tu adamianma RmerTTan da adamianTan swori da wrfeli urTierToba ar aago, rogorc amas moiTxovs Cveni rwmena, cxovrebis romelime safexurze um-tyunebs da TiTqos Cautydeba gamCenTan damakavSirebeli xidi; mesame xma migvaniSnebs im saZrax adamianze, romelic damTvrala tkbili cxovrebiT, ise, rom arc gamCeni axsovs da arc misi kanonebi. es xma sagangaSoa da SemakrTobeli.

ase rom Tu SevajamebT Sofaris xmis Sefarul azrs, igi Segnebis sam safexurze metyvelebs:

`zixronoT~ _ Sofarma unda gagvaxsenos Cveni cTomilebani da mogvabrunos TeSubaze;

`SofaroT~ _ Sofari gamomxatvelia Cveni monaniebisa da momavali im-edebis maxarobeli.

`malxioT~ _ daxelmwifeba anu RmerTis samaradiso mefoba am samyaroze, raTa yovelma arsma SeigrZnos, rom is brZandeba sikeTisa da bednierebis momtani mTeli kacobriobisaTvis.

pativcemulo jamaaTo!rogori codvili da ukeTuric ar unda viyoT, Tu guliT gamovxatavT

sam raimes, RmerTi Sembralea da mimtevebeli:`TeSuba~ _ Mmobruneba RmerTisa da rwmenisaken, mTeli guliTa da

SegnebiT, rom codvebs aRar gavimeorebT.`Tfila~ _ locva RmerTis winaSe, sufTa guliTa da cremliani

TvalebiT.`cedaka~ _ urTierTTanadgoma SeZlebisdagvarad, visac rogor SeuZlia

_ vis materialurad, vis sityviT _ xelis gamarTva umweoTa da RaribTaT-vis; amis Sedegad jamaaTs yvela siave ascildeba, rogorc weria: `uTSuva, uTfila, ucdaka mayavarin eT roay hagezera.~

jamaaTo!rabi levi icxak berdiCevisgan gvsmenia:erTxel Turme patara vaJiSvils hkiTxa _ meir, Svilo, ras SesTxov

gamCens roS haSanis dRes?_ rodesac gavizrdebi, minda bevri Svili myavdes _ upasuxia meirs. _ratom?_ imitom, rom Sevaswavlo maT Tora da vaziaro mis sidiades, amasTan

erTad, minda didxans vicocxlo, raTa movaswro misi mcnebebis gavrcele-ba, da bolos _ msurs rom SeZlebuli da xelmomarTuli viyo, radgan mravalSvilianobas da xandazmul sicocxles kargi Semosavali dasWird-eba.

_Svilo, _ upasuxia mamas _ keTilia yoveli Seni ganzraxva, damiloc-nixar, dae, aRsruldes samive Seni survili.

Cemo Zvirfaso jamaaTo!mec am kurTxeviT glocavT, gimravloT RmerTma Svilmomavali, gecocx-

loT da gecxovroT didxans, sikeTiTa da dovlaTiT savse gqondeT ojaxi, agisruldeT `bene xaie umzone,~ bednier axal wels gisurvebT _ `qTiva

vexaTima tova.~

rabi reuben elaSvili

adideT RmerTi wmidasa Sina,

zeciur ZalTa simtkiceSi adideT igi;

adideT igi mismieri ZalmosilebiT,

adideT misi sidiadis mravalgvarobiT;

adideT igi naRaris xmebiT,

adideT igi CangiT da qnariT;

adideT igi dafdafebiT, adideT rokviT,

adideT igi stviriT da ebniT;

adideT igi winwilebis tkbilxmovanebiT, _

maRalxmovani winwilebiT adideT igi;

arsno yovelno, aRavlineT uflis dideba,

haleluia _

dideba ufals!j.a.

uflisa aris qveyana da misi savseba, _dedamiwa dasamyarois arsi yoveli;

radgan man igi daayrdno zRvebzeda daafuZna mdinareebze;

vin amaRldeba meufis mTaze,mis wminda adgils daimkvidrebs romeli erTi? _

visac xelebi sufTa aqvs da guli _ spetaki,vinc ar mieltvis amaoebasda sicrueze arasodes dauficia.

locva-kurTxevas uflisagan miiRebs igida mowyalebas RmerTisagan _ misi mxsnelisgan.

aha, Taoba adonais maZiebelTa,vinc saxes Sensas mosaxilveladmoeltvis, _ RmerTo iakobisa!

zewamoswieT, karibWeno, Tqveni Tavebi,Tqvenc azeurdiT, bWeno maradno,rom SemobrZandes mefe didebis!

vin aris igi _ mefe didebis?ufali _ mtkice, Zlevamosili,ufali _ omSi Seudrekeli.

aswieT maRla, karibWeno, Tqveni Tavebi,Tqvenc azeurdiT, bWeno maradno, rom SemobrZandes mefe didebis!

vin aris igi _ mefe didebis?ufali Cveni _ RmerTi sabaoT _ai, vin aris mefe didebis!

Tehilimi

Tehilimi

daviTis sagalobeli

haleluia

axali weli da misi mniSvneloba

ro S - h a S a n a

24

150

16


k v a l i

karibWis fragmenti

miwisZvris Sedegad Camongreuli karibWe

patara locvis axali proeqtis maketi

mTavari fasadi

SoTa bostanaSvili

l i te ra tu ru l i ve r s iaoni

wina werilSi (`moambe~ 2) axalcixis beiT mikdaSebi davabinaveT. dabinaveba ufro zus-ti terminia, ufro saimedo, vidre mimoxilva; Tundac imitom, rom ieruSalaimidan gamosu-li sityva Cvens binebSi nawildeba, wildebulad gvaqcevs, k/valSi (Ca)gvayenebs.

es werili onis lamaz locvas miuCens adg-ils (teqstSi). Tu sityva lamazi ganmartebisaT-vis damatebebs da danarTebs moiTxovs, sxva-Ta Soris, aseTi danarTi onis natifi da narTi locvac iqneba.

locvas xom saxlsac (salocavs) veZaxiT da imasac, roca cas mivmarTavT. am niSniT isic Sei-Zleba gavaerTianoT, rac cisken miemarTeba, an aRimarTeba; an razec vityviT: casTan xar mx-ari-mxar. aseTi ki sami ramea bunebaSi: kaci, xe da mTa (am bibliur paradigmebze sxva werilSi visaubroT). kulturaSi es misia taZars daeki-sra, es saqme misia. ebraul eTnokulturaSi gam-Cenis miwieri pirvelsaxli miSqani da solomo-nis taZaria, Cveni beiT mikdaSebi ki - maTi STa-momavlebis uSqari laSqari. qaris metaforas ebraulad metafizikaSic gadavyarvarT.

onSi, erT dros da erTdroulad yvela-ferma erTad moiyara Tavi: cisken xelapyro-bilma kacma (onis didebulma jamaaTma); cisken gumbaTaburculma locvam - saxlma da ciTga-bruebulma Sodas mTam (`nisli fiqria mTebi-sa...~ vaJa). am sakralur rekvizitebze gafacice-bul kacs marto xe daakldeba TvalSi (iqneb iyo kidevac, odesRac), im jiSisa, mcxeTaSi rom idga, `huriaTa baginis~ ezoSi* da `iudaikas~ (mecn.) rom SemorCa, rogorc eqsplikacia. kacia amis-aTvis, kaci, rom baci da ferwasuli furclebi gadaweros ise, rogorc gadawera Salom koboS-vilma, rogorc daaunja da daasaunja gaqceuli dro. bevri kargi mxatvelia (рисовальщик), mx-atvari (художник) - iSviaToba. RmerTo mogvec Zala gavarCioT erTi meorisagan. jerjerobiT am cnobili sentenciis perifraziT Sevexmianebi ”moambiT” mowodebul baton oTar sefiaSvilis Rirebul da Ria (interpretaciebis muxtis Sem-cvel) teqstebs.

axla arqiteqturas mivxedoT. albaT mim-ixvdiT: mixedvis (movla-patronobis) mixed-viT (kvalobaze), ama Tu im Senobis aRdgena, gamoyeneba da misi cqera jobia masze weras da laparaks; jobia masTan da masSi yofnis gancde-bi, magram xSirad teqstic gvyofnis, roca am si-namdviles gavcdebiT - roca Sors aris (an aRar aris) CvenTvis saintereso Senoba; miTumetes, roca ver, an veRar vsargeblobT saxliT, maSin es danaklisi ivseba raRac sxviT, raRaca axliT. es axali ki sityvier da grafikul teqstad aRbe-Wdili xsovnis kvalia - diax, k/valia.

teqsti is adgilia, sadac naSenis xandazmu-lobas enis dRegrZeloba Caenacvleba, misi lit-eraturuloba. Sors rom ar wavideT, am azris sayuradRebo magaliTia nikorwmindis taZarze gamZle galaqtionis enakazmuli ”nikorwminda”.

modiT asec vTqvaT: gamorCeuli Seno-bis mecnieruli kvleva, azomva da aRwera mniS-vnelovani saqmea, magram misi mitoveba `...mSral ricxvebis amara...~?.. aranakleb mniSvnelovania aseTi Senobis mTeli dro-sivrculi konteqs-tis (ena, yofa, landSafti) aRdgena - Senaxva, da kidev erTi - misi literaturuli versiis Seqm-na. erTi suli maqvs axalcixis Zveli sinagogis aRwerilobas (`moambe” 2) es fraza davadevno: axalcixis ebraul ubans, didi - bevri - mravali, anu rabaTi rom hqvia da rabaTis qvian RruvSi sibrZnis kbiliviT amosula qvis locva.

am dReebSi gorSi stalinis Zegli aiRes (ga-

daitanes). Zegli kulturis sivrceSi iwyebda muSaobas. igi kulturis arqivis reprezentacias axdenda da ara ideologiis. dRes onis beiT mik-daSi daketilia, aRar muSaobs da swored dRes iwyebs igi muSaobas kulturaSi. Sodas mTasac isev endomeba euli, magram Rirseuli partnio-ri.

onis beiT mikdaSs davubrundeT - saxls, romelic Tavisi mentalobiT, geometriuli plastikiT bunebisa da kulturis sazRvarzea, orivesTan miesvleba da Cvenc gvibiZga, rom Janrobrivi sazRvrebi dagverRvia aRwerasa da eseistikas Soris. axla ”mSral ricxvebsac” mivxedoT, rom sityvis quCabandebSi sagani ar dagvekargos. mere isev davubrundeT lingvis-tur TamaSebs, isev da isev...

***istoriul wyaroebSi oni moixsenieba XV –

XVI saukuneebSi. 1865 wlis Semdeg onis mimde-bare soflebSi mcxovrebi ebraelebi daba onSi gadavidnen. zaqaria WiWinaZe aRniSnavs, rom `onSi ebraelni imereTidan arian gadmosul-ni...~.

ai, ras werda iehuda Corni gasuli sauku-nis 70-ian wlebSi onis adrindeli salocavis Sesaxeb: `locvis Senoba moryeulia, saxurav-ic ara aqvs rigiani, wvima TqeSiT Camodis Sig-niT. moculobiTac pataraa da ver itevs maTi, daaxloebiT 80-mde, komlis wevrebs. miuxeda-vad imisa, rom karg adgilze dgas, patara xmau-riani mdinaris piras, isini arc fiqroben mis SekeTebaze, an axali Senobis agebaze, radganac ara aqvT erToba da urTierTgageba~. i. Cornis am, albaT, Camuqebulma kritikam SeiZleba xeli Seuwyo axali, gansakuTrebuli locvis aRmarT-vas - Zeglis agebas.

vfiqrob zedmeti ar iqneba arqiteqturuli Zeglis cneba ganvmartoT.

Zegli gulisxmobs ara mxolod nagebobis mniSvnelobas (mxatvruls, funqcionalurs, is-toriuls, eTnografiuls da misT.), mis kul-turologiur faseulobas, aramed im garemosac, romelSic is aRmocenda, ganTavsda da gaTavis-da. garemos faqtori, rogorc wesi, Senobis age-bis winapirobaa, maTi urTierTobis gagebaa. aris sxva momentic, roca Senobis gaSinaureba garemoSi maTi xangrZlivi Tanaarsebobis Sede-gia. onis locvasTan dakavSirebiT orive momen-ti muSaobs.

erTi sityviT ageba gagebaa da gagonebac, gag-oneba - gonebaSi gatareba, gaazreba da gagoneba - mosmena. diax, rogorc poeziis an musikis mos-mena. arqiteqturuli Zegli, swored aseT Canaw-ers mogvagonebs, misi plastika ki `plastinkas~, romelsac Seexeba Tu ara Cveni, patefonis nem-siviT maxvili da mgrZnobiare mzera - amRerde-ba. onis salocavSi qva mReris da am simReris xmovaneba da landSafturi rezonansi aranak-lebia, vidre misi Sinaarsi. iqneb am CarCoSi ga-luTis is iSviaTi suraTia, sadac beiT mikda-Si daSinaurebuli da maspinZeli saxlia; sadac Sodas qvianma da TovlisTava mTam beiT mikda-Sis qva airCia dabalsarTulian qalaqTan sxva, ufro maRal enaze sabaasod, rogorc gamCenma airCia moSe Tavis xalxTan salaparakod. mTisa da saxlis qviani laparaki TiTqos gviani lapa-rakia im warRvnamdel pirvelsaxeTa. am Sinau-ri saxlis aRwera cota Soridan daviwyeT da vidre adgilTan mivalT. bunebas, landSafts Se-vaCvioT Tvali.

avyveT onisken mimaval aRmarTebs da is, vinc bunebas aRmerTebs, sabuTic xelTa aqvs da

moambe

17

onis axali locva, fasadi

onis axali locva, interieri

onis axali locva, zogadi xedi

axalcixis Zveli locvis fasadi

gasworeba: ase unda gamoiyurebodes `moam-bis~ wina (2) nomerSi gamoqveynebuli

saburTao moedanic saleqsod da saartistod: So-

da-kedelas nisliani (fiqriani) qedebi da Sori/

axlo xedebi. aRmarTi rCeba, gza qalaqSi ivakebs

da sulnisliani Sodas mTis fonze (oo, Zalian

magari mTis) gumbaTiani Senoba Cndeba. Senobas

vambob Torem, TqvenobiT unda axseno SodasaviT

aRmarTuli locva, aRmac rTuli, daRmac rTuli

- morTuli da mokazmuli onis beiT mikdaSi -

taSi xuroTmoZRvars, taSi.., vinc xuroTa (mSene-

belTa) Sromis dro xuroTmoZRvrul drod aq-

cia. warmavali, medini dro sivrced gardaqmna,

dro Seinaxa da danarCeni qvam Tqva.

onis sinagogis kompleqsis Semadgenloba-

ze nawilobriv ukve warsul droSi mogviwevs

saubari. didi locva da Г-s formis sameurneo

nageboba qmnian locvis ezos. didi locvis ukan

1991 wlamde idga patara locva. sameurneo nage-

bobis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis: kantora, seyudis

gasamarTi oTaxi, samzareulo, sawyobi, mikve da

misT. sadReisod mxolod sameurneo nawili moq-

medebs xesedis funqciiT.

arqiteqturuli tipologiiT mTavari Seno-

ba centralur gumbaTovania. gumbaTi aRmarTu-

lia oTx gumbaTqveSa burjze, rasac `itali-

ur~ stils uwodeben (`iudaikas~ mix.). salocavis

gare zomebia 15x17,6 m. simaRle 9 m. (frontoniT -

10,7 m., aTi mcnebis steliT - 12,8 m., gumbaTiT - 15,9

m., gumbaTis SpiliT - 18 m.)., portalis simaRle -

6,7 m., darbazis farTobia 195,0 m2. darbazs aqvs

qalTa galerea - azara.

stilebis sazogado klasifikaciiT onis si-

nagoga - ekleqtikuria, - mavritanuli. es sti-

li sakmaod ganviTarebuli iyo evropuli sal-

ocavebis mSeneblobaSi. Tlili qviT naSeni sa-

locavi uxvad aris moCuqurTmebuli. kazmulo-

bis SesaniSnavi nimuSia karibWe (portali). isic

avRniSnoT, rom aJuruli dekori damaxasiaTebe-

lia adgilobrivi raWuli xalxuri xuroTmoZ-

RvrebisaTvis da sagulisxmoa misi gavlena onel

ebraelTa mxatvrul arCevanze.

onis beiT mikdaSis karibWe, Senobis saer-

To mxatvruli aRkazmulobis da erTiani xuroT-

moZRvruli scenaris nawilia da amave warmod-

genis pirveli aqtia, pirveli karia, an ufro

uverturaa, nawarmoebis mosasmenad da wasakiTx-

ad rom gamzadebs. karibWe sasazRvro, gardamava-

li sivrcea ezosa da salocav darbazs Soris. aq,

darbazSi Sesasvleli karis Tavze Catanebulia

marmarilos fila ebrauli lapidaruli warw-

eriT, romelic gamoikvlia nisan babalikaSvil-

ma. movusminoT mas:

`warwera №605. es Zegli warmoadgens

saamSeneblo warweras, romelic Sesrulebu-

lia sinagogis Sesasvleli karis zemoT. teqs-

ti amokveTilia TeTri marmarilos filaze

or svetad. marmarilos filis zemo kuTxeeb-

Si amokveTilia eqvsqimiani varskvlavebi; teqs-

tis zemoT, SuaSi amokveTilia 1895. yovel svetSi

teqsti Seicavs rva-rva striqons. igi Sesrulebu-

lia kvadratuli SriftiT.

Targmani: `yovlisSemZleo! ra saSinelia

es adgili! igi sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara saxli

RvTisa da es aris cis bWeni. es aris RvTis kari.

marTalni Sevlen masSi. daiwyes Seneba 5651 wels

qveynis gaCenidan, xolo 5655 wels daamTavres~.

axla ki locvis karic SevaRoT, romelsac

didi rabi daviT baazovi SeaRebda didi xnis win

da miveaxloT Tebas, saidanac batoni daviTi qad-

agebda. Cems maxsovrobaSi (1991 w.) ki salocavi

darbazis marcxena kuTxeSi, karTan axlos, isev

dgas kaci, ufro keTili (CamofleTilic), vidre..,

TiTqos ucxo, magram Zalian Sinauri; locvas ar

acdens. aman mTeli gemara iciso - miTxres. mgo-

nia Salias eZaxdnen. romeliRac literaturul

personaJs magonebda da sul mindoda gamovla-

parakebodi, raRac damewera.

darbazs davubrundeT. aq skamebis grZivi gan-

lageba gansazRvravs gzas ezodan karibWis gav-

liT Tebamde. am swori gzis vizualur gagrZele-

bazea lurji hexaliT dafaruli aron hakodeSi

lamazkabebiani gragnilebiT; mere gza vertika-

lze adis - yalyze dgeba da dgeba, anu Cerde-

ba RrubliT mocul elvare mTasTan, sadac es-

es aris `dabadeba~ ibadeba cecxlovani asoebiT,

sasoebiT sakiTxavi wigni - es SesaniSnavi ferw-

eraa onis locvaSi, ieruSalaimisken mimarTul

samxreTis kedelze. aseTia didi gzis, miwieri,

xuroTmoZRvruli scenari.

***

1991 wlis 29 aprils dasavleT saqarTvelo-

Si momxdarma Zlierma miwisZvram, bevr sxva Se-

nobasTan erTad, daaziana onis locvac. saxurav-

is kexidan Camocvenilma mZime qvebma, romlebic

aTi mcnebis stelis kompozicias Seadgendnen,

Camoangries karibWe, SenobaSi daibzara TaRebi

da kamarebi.

sarestavracio samuSaoebi imave wels dai-

wyo. restavracia-rekonstruqciis proeqti mx-

olod nawilobriv ganxorcielda. igi iTval-

iswinebda mTeli kompleqsis mxatvrul mowes-

rigebas - dangreuli patara locvis da moryeu-

li sameurneo-administraciuli Senobis adgilze

axali moculobis agebas, teritoriis keTilmow-

yobas da sxva. arqiteqturuli proeqti Seasru-

la da sarestavracio samuSaoebis saerTo xe-

lmZRvaneloba gaswia winamdeare werilis av-

torma, Tavis studentebTan erTad. sinagogis aR-

dgenaSi monawileoba miiRes saqarTvelos Zegl-

Ta dacvis samsaxurma, konstruqtorma m. danie-

laSvilma da germaniis erT-erTma organizaci-

am.

miwisZvridan mesame dRes gavemgzavre onSi.

qalaqi quCaSi cxovrobda. aveji, sawolebi, Cveu-

lebrivi nivTebi am uCveulo konteqstSi raRac

speqtakls ufro hgavda, vidre sinamdviles. es

SegrZneba Ramem ufro gaamZafra - yviTeli na-

Turebis mbJutavi sinaTle da aqa-iq qvabebi-

dan da Caidnebidan amosuli orTqlis mobar-

bace nacrisferi landebi Ramis siSaveSi miste-

rias Txzavdnen da, TiTqos sxva, moTxrobil da

moTxril qalaqs erTmaneTSi azavebdnen. bavSve-

bi mainc TamaSobdnen, adamianebic laparakobd-

nen, magram uazro da ucnauri siCume idga, raRac

orazrovani; TiTqos casa da miwas Soris dade-

buli droebiTi zavis niSani da avis niSani, ori

gansxvavebuli gancda trialebda onSic da gon-

Sic. beiT mikdaSis karis win ki aTi mcnebis ste-

lis naSali da didi qvebis didi grova eyara.

geyurebaT! Tavis saxlSi Sesasvleli amoeqola

gamCens dalewili mcnebebiT. mgoni aravin iyure-

boda Sodasken; hooda.., Sodac sdumda...

araerTxel ganrisxebula israelis Rmer-

Ti, cac daqceula (`warRvna~) da miwac gamskdara

(`koraxi~) da isic dawerila, rom dalewila mc-

nebis pirveli dafebi, rom risxvis mizezi iyo

yegeli. (eg elis albaT gandgomas.) axla ra mox-

da?.. erTi ki cxadia: onis dramam da mere sox-

ummac daaCqares alia. es ukve sxva ambavia, sxva

leqsi da oda, Soda ki sdumda.

axla ufro mZafrad vgrZnob im misterias:

beiT mikdaSis Sesasvleli karis win aRmarTu-

li nangrevis borcvi, romelSic aTi mcnebis

dalewil fragmentebs veZeb; mTa Tavze madgas

da... es yvelaferi xdeba aq da axla, am dReeb-

Si, im dros, rogorc iq da maSin... maSinebs xol-

me amis warmodgena da meamayeba, rom aRdgeni-

li (axali) mcnebis dafebi onis jamaaTis Tval-

win da maTive monawileobiT, Cems kolegebTan

erTad sakuTari xeliT avitane da davadgi beiT

mikdaSs. Saliac iq idga.

P.S. kai xania onSi miniani veRar ikribeba

(am saukunidan). aq ramdenime xandazmuli da mow-

yenili ebraeli darCa.

2007 wlis zafxulis miwuruls, SabaT dRes,

onis locvaSi praqtikaze stumrad Camosul ebra-

el studentebTan erTad sefer-Tora gamovabr-

ZaneT. erT-erTi maTgani, arqiteqtori, kargi xa-

zanic gamodga. yarbiTamde TamaSobda, mReroda

da rokavda locvis ezo. onis beiT mikdaSi kar-

navalia...

ekuTvnoda ons Cemgan es esse. is aseve ekuT-

vnis saqarTvelos yvela locvas.

S.b.

fotosuraTebi da anazome bi

Sesrulebulia avtoris mier

semk


moambe

18

saiubileo molocva mogonebebiT

Tqmula _ mogonebebi yvelaze gamZle da sic-ocxlisunarianiao. mec mogonebebiT minda daviwyo saiubileo molocva b-n Salom davidisadmi, Torem cnobil mwerals da publicists, Toris mTargmnels, mecnier-Teologsa da mWermetyvels, ebrauli filo-sofiis mkvlevarsa da saxelovan sazogado moRvawes ra wardgena unda Cemgan qarTulenovan mkiTxvelTa winaSe, metadre israelSi. is xom ebrauli kulturisa da azrovnebis siyvarulSi daixarja uSurvelad. 70 weli ki marTla brZenkac-patriarqTa asakia da axla misi daxvavebuli naRvaw-naxelqmnaris ubralo CamoT-vlasac ki mxolod vrceli monografia Tu daitevda. arada, me rom pirvelad Sevxvdi Saloms, ukve namd-vil brZenkacad gamoiyureboda,TumcaRa jer ergasic ki ar Sesruleboda. arc WaRara Sereoda TmaSi, arc bzari gasCenoda xmaSi. da iqve SemeSvela mogoneba, didi xnis winaT Tbilisis ebraelobaSi xma rom iyo darxeuli _ Cveni mTavari rabinis, aw netarxsenebuli imanuelis ymawvili Svilis gamo: vercxlis zariviT wkriala xmiT saocrad galobs Sirebs sadResaswau-lo litaniebzeo.

vigoneb: 1988 wlis noemberi idga. israelSi Cems megobar kinodokumentalist gia WubabriasTan er-Tad, films viRebdiT wminda miwaze qarTul-ebraul mravalsaukunovan urTierTobis dastur istoriul Zeglebze. Cveni gzismkvlevi ki aravin Canda. da swored am Zalze mniSvnelovan momentSi moulodnelad gvewvia ori namdvili mecnieri, ori davidi [daviTaS-vilebi] _ icxaki da Salomi. imJamad icxaki israelis premier-ministr Samiris mrCeveli iyo, Salomi reli-giaTa ministris TanaSemwe. advili misaxvedria, Tu ras niSnavda maSin CvenTvis maTi mxarSi amodgoma. es iyo gansacdelSi CavardnilTa namdvili xsna. aqve aRvniSnav _ imTaviTve gvxiblavda maTi damoukide-beli azrovneba, Tavisufali da farTo diapazonis sjani. gansakuTrebiT sasikeTod gveniSna, rom isini Tavisufali iyvnen im daStampuli sabWouri fraze-ologiisa da beCavi ideologiuri trafaretebisgan, romlisganac imxanad, samwuxarod, jerac ar daeRwia Tavi yofil sabWoTa kavSiridan repatrirebul bevr ebraels. da Tu ara am ori swavlulis, ori davidis uangaro da Zmuri Tanadgoma, gamogitydebiT, CemTvis dResac Zneli saTqmelia, saerTod gveqneboda Tu ara urTules viTarebaSi gadaRebuli qarTuli kinodi-logia ìerusalimis qarTvelTa jvris monasteri~ da `Jami Sekrebad qvaTa.~ da rarig meamayeba, rom swored am filmSi darCa da ixileba cocxlad ori SesaniS-navi moRvawis _ icxak davidisa da Salom Ddavidis imJamindeli STagonebuli da saxieri kinoxateba.

kvlav mogoneba: Semdgom _ 1989 wels Salomi me-Taurobda israelis delegacias, romelic sabWoTa kavSirSi ebrauli kulturis aRorZinebis misiiT Cam-ovida. da, raRa Tqma unda, igi TbilisSic gvestumra. dResac JruanteliT vixseneb mis maSindel Sexve-dras da gamosvlas Tbilisis universitetis mTavari korpusis e. w. `did auditoriaSi,~ sadac qarTuli mecnierebis namdvil korifeTa leqciebi momismenia. meamayeboda, rom im sapatio kaTedrasTan idga da ms-

menelebiT gaWedil auditorias laRad esaubreboda ZirebiT Cveniani _ qarTveli ebraeli _ axalgazrda israeleli mecnieri da dajerebulad msjelobda im-Jamad CvenTvis jerac uCveulo ideologiis rTul sakiTxebze. aseve samaxsovro iyo Sexvedra saqarT-velos kaTolikos-patriarq ilia meoresTan _ maTi urTierTgageba, gulaxdili saubari sulierebis, zneobriobis da tolerantobis Sesaxeb. uTuod unda aRiniSnos, rom Salom davidis maSindeli stumroba saqarTveloSi, misi sajaro Sexvedrebi da saubrebi namdvili saxalxo diplomatiis gamovlineba gaxl-daT, romelic sasikeTod waadga israel-saqarTvelos urTierTobas. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom Salom davids Rirseulad mieniWa saqarTvelos sapatio moqalaqis wodeba... da aqve: bevr adamians vicnob, moxibluli rom iyvnen Salomis erudiciiTa da misi xatovani qarTuliT, TumcaRa bevrs ver aexsna misi paTosisa da

Salom daviTaSvili (davidi) -

politikuri moRvawe da mecnieri

Salom davidi dRes erec israelis cnobili politikuri moRvawe, mwerali, mecn-ieri, mTargmneli da publicistia. mas arasodes gauwyvetia kavSiri saqarTvelosTan, iziarebda da iziarebs mis Wirsa da lxins. Cvens gverdiT idga maSinac, rodesac is-raelis saxelmwifo radiomauwyeblobis `kol israelis~ qarTul redaqcias uZRve-boda gasuli saukunis samocdaaTiani wlebis bolosa da oTxmociani wlebis dasaw-yisSi da Semdgomac, rodesac maRali Tanamdebobebi ekava religiisa Tu kultura-ganaTlebis saministroebSi.

1995 wlidan Salom davidi xolonis municipalitetis kabinetis wevri da vice-me-ria. yvelaferi ki mis èrec moledeT~-Si, Sobis qveyanaSi, saqarTveloSi daiwyo. is aq Camoyalibda qarTul-ebrauli sityvakazmuli mwerlobis moyvasad. daufasebelia misi Rvawli Tanaxis qarTul enaze Targmnis saqmeSi. aranaklebi mniSvnelobisaa mis mier gadmoqarTulebuli kanonikur locvaTa krebuli; xolo visac erTxel mainc mousmenia Salom daviTaSvilis sajaro gamosvlebi, damerwmuneba mis uCveulo emo-ciur muxtSi da erudiciaSi. igi namdvili oratoria, RvTis madliT cxebuli, war-mosadegi, darbaiseli, antikuri nakvTebiTa da anTebuli TvalebiT.

sruliad ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom batoni Salomi Tbilisis ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis universitetis sapatio profesoria. mas erT-erT pirvels mieniWa saqarTvelos sapatio moqalaqis wodeba. 2007 wels poloneTSi, qarTul enaze dai-beWda misi kidev erTi soliduri monografia: èbraeli xalxis istoria~ /tradicia, kultura, memkvidreoba/. aq igi axleburad udgeba ebraeli xalxis istoriuli war-sulis gaazrebas. gaazreba ki xdeba ara izolirebulad, aramed mezobel civiliza-ciebTan Sepirispirebis meSveobiT. STambeWdavia ebrauli istoriisa da kulturis avtoriseuli analizi. esaa 4000 wliani da rogorc Tavad avtori brZanebs - 6 civi-lizacia gamovlili ùwyveti cocxali istoria~.

ebrauli erovnuli saxelmwifos xelaxali dabadeba da aRorZineba XX s. Sua xanebSi, marTlac, rom istoriaSi arnaxuli saswaulia. am saswaulis ganmtkicebas Tavisi didi niWiTa da SromismoyvareobiT emsaxureba Salom davidi, qarTveli da ebraeli xalxis Rirseuli Svili, SesaniSnavi ojaxis patroni, romelsac ara-sodes daiviwyebs saqarTvelo. Cven, misi qarTveli megobrebi da keTilismyofele-bi veliT mis axal samecniero Sromebs, filosofiur Studiebs Tu maRalmxatvrul Targmanebs.

sulmouTqmelad geliT, batono Salom david, TqvenTan Sexvedra CvenTvis dResas-waulia...

guram lorTqifaniZe…

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi

Salomdavidiwlisaa

70paTetikis siWarbe. arada, ufro Rrmad rom CaZiebod-nen, dainaxavdnen _ misi paTosic, paTetikac, uwinares yovlisa, misi naTeli azrovnebisa da msoflgancdis wrfeli gamoxatulebaa. es misi literaturuli Tu mWermetyveluri Tavisebureba ki ara, aramed sxva _ bevrad ufro sagulisxmo da mniSvnelovani Tviseba _ zneobriobis dasturia.

mas Semdeg arcTu cota wyalma Caiara, Tumca ver Carecxa da ver waSala mogonebebi. rogor gavixare, aq, amerikaSi rom miviRe Salomis erT-erTi bolo-droindeli naSromi èbraeli xalxis istoria~_ monumenturi folianti, misi originaluri naazrevi: erovnuli tradiciisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis prizmaSi gamotarebuli da gaazrebuli maradiuli xalxis istoria.

da aq, TiTqos iZulebuli var, ridiT mainc Sevexo Salomis kidev erT Taviseburebas, romelic zogierT skeptikurad ganwyobil mkiTxvelSi auxsnel `gaoce-bas~ iwvevs Turme. Salom davidis yovel nabeWd na-muSevars, mis yovel gamocemul wigns mouSlelad axlavs warwera: èZRvneba saqarTvelos ebraelTa mTavari rabinisa da sulieri xelmZRvanelis rabi imanuel daviTaSvilis naTel xsovnas.~ _ ra aris es: literatoris daJinebuli originalurobaa Tu mama-Svilis waruxoceli grZnobis amaRlebuli gancda? iqneb es martoden Toris mexuTe mcnebiT STanergili mSoblis pativiscemis rwmenis ubralo aRiarebaa, an iqneb azrTan da sityvasTan, Tu garemos umadure-basTan WidilSi daRlili kacisagan mama-mfarvelis moxmobis wadilis gamoxatulebaa? ar vici. TumcaRa mgonia, rom es yvela zemoTqmulTan erTad, sakuTari erisSvilobis, mSobliur xalxTan erTsul da erTx-orc yofnis SegrZnebis, eris heroikul-tragikuli istoriis da misi arcTu ioli dRevandelobis tki-viliani gancdis sulidan gadmoRvras ufro hgavs. albaT, swored es Tvisebaa Salom davidis avtoport-retis yvelaze metyveli da damaxasiaTebeli mxare.

da isev mogoneba: Cveni gacnobis wels Salomma Tavisi avtomanqaniT Semomatara ieruSalaimi, gzaSi ki `Tehilimis~ [fsalmunebis] mcireformatiani gamo-cema misaxsovra: gavige, miniaturuli wignebis moy-varuli yofilxar da minda es `jibis~ gamocema av-garoziviT ataroo. madlobasTan erTad RimiliT mi-vuge: ise ki, ajobebda, albaT, fsalmunebi zepirad gonebaSi CaWedili rom ataros-meTqi yovelma kacma... gaecina da momigo: ar SegSlia, magram ramdenjerac Sens jibeSi waawydebi am patara wigns, yovelTvis mogagondeba da mudam SenTan iqneba dRevandel Cvens mgzavrobaSi xiluli ieruSalaimi.

marTali iyavi, Cemo Salom: mogonebebi yofila yvelaze naTeli da sicocxlisunariani; da misur-vebia SenTvis, mogonebebiviT gamZle da dRegrZeli sicocxle, CvenSi rom ityvian _ 120 wlamde! amen _ lexaim, mravalJamier!

Seni niWisa da Semoqmedebis damfasebeli da pativ-ismcemeli, SenTvis da Seni ojaxisTvis yovelgvari sikeTis msurveli

oTar sefiaSvili

xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvaweniu iorki

eris Rirseuli Svili

Cveni Temis gamoCenil warmomadgenels, cnobil mwerals, sazogado da poli-tikur moRvawes, profesor Salom davids 70 weli Seusrulda. M

b-ni Salomi gaxlavT mravalmxriv niWieru pirovneba, mecnieri-mkvlevari, re-ligiuri filosofiis erT-erTi SesaniSnavi specialisti. amis sailustraciod sakmarisia gavixsenoT misi monografia: ̀ ebraul-kabalisturi filosofia rabi Sneer zalman-liadelis warmosaxvebSi~. am nawarmoebSi b-ni Salomi SesaniSna-vad akavSirebs kabalisturi filosofiis postulatebs Tanamedrove fizikis aRmoCenebTan. mecnieruli wreebisaTvis kargad cnobili es Nfundamenturi naSromi misi mravalwliani kvlevis erTgvari dagvirgvinebaa.

profesorma Salom davidma qarTul enaze Targmna ebrauli sulieri mem-kvidreobis ukvdavi Zeglebi – Tanaxi, siduri, david hamelexis ”wigni Tehilim-sagalobelTa” da mravali sxva. amiT man fasdaudebeli samsaxuri gauwia ara marto Cvens Tems, aramed yvela qarTulenovan mkiTxvels. is erTnairi war-matebiT Fflobs rogorc ebraul, aseve qarTul enas. mis nawerebSi igrZnoba mxolod Salom davidisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli originaluri stili. gasao-cari ostatobiT gadaitana qarTul enaze is madliani aromati, rac sakuTriv ebraulisTvis aris niSandoblivi..

Kkargad aris cnobili b-ni Salom davidis sazogadoebriv-politikuri moR-vaweoba. QqarTvel ebraelobaSi TiTiT CamosaTvlelia pirovnebebi, romlebsac ase bevri gaekeTebinoT Cveni eris, gamorCeviT ki Cveni Temis sakeTildReod.

Mman erT-erTma pirvelma gado israelisa da saqarTvelos urTierTobis xidi, rogorc saxelmwifoebriv, ise sazogadoebriv doneze.

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos is didi wvlili,rac man Seitana sabWoTa kavSiris ebraelobaSi erovnuli meobis gaRviZebisa da ebrauli sulieri tradiciebis aRorZinebis saqmeSi.Bb-ni Salom davidis iniciativiTa da xelmZ-vanelobiT gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis damlevs sabWoTa kavSiris mTel rig qalaqebSi tradiciulad tardeboda fesaxis sederi, romelsac aseulo-biT ebraeli eswreboda. me kargad maxsovs Tbilisis saukeTeso darbazebSi Catarebuli fesaxis dauviwyari saRamoebi, Salomis mgznebare gamosvlebi. am Sexvedrebma didi roli iTamaSa Cveni Temis gaerTianebis saqmeSi.

mecnieruli sazogadoeba da farTo mkiTxveli interesiT moelis profesor Salom davidis axal naSromebs. M

minda vusurvo baton Saloms momavali warmatebebi mis mravlmxriv moR-vaweobaSi, mis SesaniSnav ojaxs ki bedniereba da sikeTe.

DdaviT baazovi

profesori

19

raSi _ rabi Slomo ben icxaki daibada 1040 wels safrangeTis patara qalaq truaSi _ sagrafo Sampanis ZvelTaZvel dedaqalaq-

Si. dawyebiTi ganaTleba ojaxSi miiRo. hyavda uaR-resad ganaTlebuli mSoblebi: mama _ Talmudis didi mcodne, deda _ ebrauli locvanis Tvalsa-Cino meleqse-poeti. Slomom siWabukis wlebi gaat-ara vormsis _ iaakob ben iakaris da mainices ieSi-bebSi. mainices saqveynod cnobil ieSibas wlebis gan-mavlobaSi meTaurobda germaniisa da safrangeTis ebrael brZenTa Soris gamoCenili figura _ rabenu gerSom ben iehuda. am did swavlulsa da saxelmox-veWil rabins `maor hagolas~ (`gafantulobis lam-pars~] uwodebdnen (gardaicvala 1040 wels; amave wels daibada raSi. Semdgom, am faqtTan dakavSire-biT, momavali Taobebis brZenni ityvian: _ im wuTs, rodesac Caesvena rabenu gerSomis didebis mze, ra-Sis kaSkaSa mze amobrwyindao). samwuxarod, rabenu gerSomis Sromebi ver gadaurCa JamTa siaves. igi piutebis ubadlo SemTxzveli da Talmudis mraval-ricxovani komentaris avtori yofila. gadmocemiT _ miseuli axsna-ganmartebis meTodi, e.w. ,,fSati~ _ sityva-sityviTi SesaZlebeli `pirdapiri azri~ _ saSualebas iZleoda wagvekiTxa teqstis fragmenti rogorc raime mTliani, roca gasagebia TiToeuli sityvis azri da misi gramatikuli forma, fragmen-tis CarCoebSi ki ar aris Sinagani winaaRmdegobebi (interpretaciis aseT meTods, Talmudisa da midra-Sis Zvel brZenTa poetur da legendarul ganmarte-bebTan SexamebiT, SemdgomSi iyenebda raSi; vxvdebiT rambamis, onkelosisa da saadia-gaonis naSromebSic). vormsis ebraulma sasa-marTlom, romelsac rabenu gerSomi meTaurobda, miiRo rigi dadgenilebebisa, maT Soris _ poligamiis anu mravalcolianobis akrZal-va da ganqorwinebis dauS-vebloba colis Tanxmobis gareSe, romlebic TavianT Zalas amJamadac _ Cvens dReebSic inarCuneben. gamocdili maswavle-blebis (rabenu gerSomis yofili moswavleebis) xe-lmZRvanelobiT, raSi gulm-odgined swavlobs Toras da gansakuTrebuli niWisa da dagrovili codnis Sem-weobiT wamyvan poziciebs ikavebs. 25 wlis asakSi brundeba truaSi da xsnis Tavis skolas, romelic sul male wmida wignebis Seswavlis umniSvnelovanes cen-trad iqca. aq moemarTeboda swavlas mowyurebuli niWieri axalgazrdoba safrangeTisa da germaniis ebrauli dasaxlebebidan; rabinebic ki modiodnen, raTa mieRoT gasagebi, naTeli da amomwuravi pasuxi religiis rTul sakiTxebze. Torisa da Talmudis swavlebam manamde arnaxul dones miaRwia. raSim Secvala ebrauli asoebis grafikuli (kvadratuli) moxazuloba: xazebi cotaTi daagrZela, klaknili, talRovani da moZravi gaxada, ris meoxebiTac Ti-Toeuli maTgani moqnil, laR, mxatvrul ornamen-tad aRiqmeba. im dros jer kidev ar iyo gamogonebuli wign-is sabeWdi manqana. raSi komentarebis Canawerebs akeTebda calkeul rveulebSi (e.w. `kuntros~), rom-lebic Semdeg gadaweriT vrceldeboda safrangeTsa da mis farglebs gareT (sxvaTa Soris, pirveli wig-ni, romelic TviT Toraze adre, 1475 wels daibeWda ebraul enaze, swored raSis komentarebi iyo). raSi ar iRebda Segirdebis swavlebis sazRaurs. ojaxs kuTvnilebaSi hqonda ramdenime venaxi da wlidan wlamde misi Semosavlis wyaros warmoad-genda Rvinis warmoeba. mogexsenebaT, raoden didi Sroma da movla sWirdeba vazs. istoriam Semogvi-naxa aseTi ambavi: erTxel raSi venaxidan Sin brundeboda. najaf-daqanculs karga gvarianad moSieboda da sagzao sasadiloSi Sevida dasanayreblad. yuradReba ara-vin miaqcia; duqnis patronsa da iq TavSeyril xalxs rveuli gadaeSalaT da raRacaze cxared kamaTobd-nen. Tavisufali magidis skamze Camojda, moasvena gadaRlili sxeuli, damxvdurTa laparaks miugdo yuri, maSinve mixvda _ Toris sakvirao Tavs arCevd-nen, maT win gadaSlili rveuli ki misi komentarebi iyo. aTiode wuTis Semdeg, gabezrebulma meduqnem muSti dascxo daxls: _ mainc ver gavige _ ra unda rabi Slomos?! _ erTi maTlafa wvniani, Tu SeiZleba! _ Seageba `pasuxi~ kuTxeSi moTminebiT mjdomma raSim. saocaria _ adamianis sicocxlis mTeli xangr-Zlivobac ar ikmarebda am brZenkacis mravalricxo-vani Sromebis Sesaqmnelad, igi ki mxolod ZiriTadi

samuSaosgan Tavisufal dros werda da aswavlida. raSis komentarebi yovelTvis lakonuri, zusti, garkveuli da naTelia. isini erTnairad gasagebia rogorc ganswavluli adamianebisTvis, ise mcirew-lovani moswavleebisTvis. dRevandeli gadasaxedi-dan Zneli warmosadgenia _ rom ara raSis Semoq-medeba, rogor SeZlebdnen ebraelebi bolo aTas-wleulis ganmavlobaSi Toris xuTwigneulis, Ta-naxis sxva wignebisa da Talmudis Seswavlas. raSis ojaxma aRzarda sami qaliSvili, rom-lebic mamis saukeTeso moswavleebze gaTxovdnen. SemdgomSi saxelganTqmuli pirovnebebi: rabi moSe ben maimoni (rambami; igive maimonidi), rabi Smuel ben meiri (raSbami), rabi iaakov ben meiri (rabe-nu Tami _ `Cveni srulqmnili maswavlebeli~), rabi Slomo ben meiri da rabi icxak ben meiri _ raSis SviliSvilebi, xolo rabi moSe ben naxmani (ram-bani; igive naxmanidi), abraham ibn ezra, rabi levi ben gersoni (ralbagi) da rabi isaak abarbaneli _ raSis SvilTaSvilebi iyvnen. raSis saxeli, iseve rogorc yoveli gamoCenili `didi~ kacisa, legendebiT aris moculi. erT-erTi maTgani mogviTxrobs: erTxel, aRmosavleTSi mogzaurobis dros, mavan-ma berma zomagadasuli sityvebiT Seuracxyo iude-velTa religia, augad moixsenia ebraeli xalxi da misi gaJleta isurva. raSim araferi upasuxa, dumili amjobina. imave RamiT beri avad gaxda. raSim upatrona, umkurnala da avadmyofi fexze daayena. darcxvenilma berma, madlierebis niSnad, gasamrjelo SesTavaza, magram raSim iuara: _ Tqven arafriT xarT Cemi movale. Cven Cveni sarwmunoe-

bebi gvapirispirebs, magram religiis saerTo suli gvakavSirebs; igi gvavalde-bulebs _ gviyvardes moy-vasi ise, rogorc sakuTari Tavi. me aRar gWirdebiT. mSvidobiT! Tu odesme Sex-vdeT gaWirvebul ebraels, gTxovT, SeZlebisdagvarad daexmaroTo... gamoxda xani. raSi pra-Ras ewvia. zeimiT daxvdnen qalaqis mcxovrebni. her-cog vladislavs ar esi-amovna es da raSi sapatim-roSi gamoamwyvdia, _ cili daswama jaSuSobaSi... dad-ga Jami sikvdiliT dasjis ganaCenis gamotanisa. udana-Saulo rabis Tavi saocrad mSvidad eWira. am dros

taxtis mpyrobelis winaSe warsdga olmiucis arqiepiskoposi da warmoTqva: `RvTis saxeliT vicav am ebraels, romelsac vic-nob, rogorc mecniers, didebul da maRalzneobriv pirovnebas~. da uambo man damswreT, Tu rogor gad-aarCina igi raSim da misi gaTavisufleba moiTxova. raSi gaaTavisufles da didi zeimic mouwyves. Zalze mZimed ganicdida raSi evropis qveyneb-Si ebraelebis Seviwrovebisa da devnis TiToeul faqts. germaniaSi da safrangeTSi pirveli jvaros-nuli laSqrobebis dros datrialebulma avbediT-ma movlenebma _ ebraelebis rbevam, tanjva-wamebam, xocva-Jletam _ es Zal-RoniT savse Suaxnis kaci sasowarkveTilebamde miiyvana. ai ras vkiTxulobT mis CanawerebSi: `Zala meleva, bages ver vxsni da vmunjdebi (roca vcdilob) gadmovce Cemi xalxis Tavs datexili ubedurebis Sesaxeb, dauZlurda xeli Cemi...~. da mainc bolomde ar gatyda, suliT ar daeca _ ebraelebis tragikul iRbalze Tval-gulcremliani piuti SeTxza da mTeli cxra weli isev Tavisi sayvareli saqme akeTa: Sromobda, Toras Wirnaxulobda, komentarebs werda... babilonis Talmudis traqtat `maqoTis~ komenta-ris me-19-e gverdi sityvasTan ̀ tahor~ (`sufTa~) mou-lodnelad wydeba. epitafiasaviT JRers am adgilze moyvanili sityvebi: `aqamde _ komentarebi raSisa, aqedan da Semdeg _ komentarebi rabi Semuelisa, rabi meiris Zisa~ (Talmudis komentarebze muSaoba raSis Semdeg jer misma siZem _ rabi iehuda ben naTanma gaagrZela); Zvel gamocemaSi ki ubralod weria: `...aq gardaicvala raSi~, anu _ am furcelze muSaobisas aResrulao raSi. misi saflavi dRemde ar aris napovni. swavlulTa azriT, igi daaxloe-biT 1105 wels gardaicvala qalaq truaSi. 1524 wels Zlierma xanZarma mTlianad STanTqa am qalaqis mniSvnelovani nawili. magram dRemde dgas uZvelesi sinagoga _ ebrauli Temis centri, masTan axlos _ raSis saxelobis instituti, aris raSis quCa da wamomarTulia misi xsovnis veeberTela monumenti _ rogorc simbolo maradiuli ukvdavebisa.

irakli (icxak) krixeli

niu iorki

raSis memoriali qalaq truaSi (safrangeTi)

molocva floridis napirebidan

werili gamogzavnilia inglisur enaze (red.)

Dear colleague and friend (if you allow me to address you so) Shalom, allow me to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt congratulations with your 70th Birth Anniversary. We ought to thank Almighty that we are reaching the round dates, since we have a chance to congratulate and express our appreciation on the blessed activity.... for nearly 40 years you are contributing, and most significantly, to the matters of Jewish approaches to history, philosophy and the communal service in the land of Israel...Deepest possible appreciation of our traditions and heritage led you to educating the newly ascended masses from Georgia in the spirit of our prophets who walked the Land of Israel and who transferred the word of our Kind and our Father in Heaven to us on how to live and how to conduct the matters between human to human; had you gone via the secular path you still would have contributed exponentially to Israel; but you did and magnificently, much more--you went on the ways of our forefathers and educated us via newspapers, radio transmissions, books and monographs in the infinite spirit of the Torah. You were one of the firsts who understood the power of engagement is the political life of the Land; you did not stand by and criticize, but became the integral part of governing and influence, be it in the Ministry of Religion, in the Ministry of Culture and Education, in the the City Council. Then we were blessed to learn that you became the Vice Mayor of Holon. And as your first name suggests, you were spreading peace and understanding between the citizens of Hulon, serving them reliably and with incomparable dedication. Since we did not have much chance to meet, you in the center of the country and I in its ‘deep province’ I could follow you via your books. These devoted to history, and philosophy are very unique, extremely original, very different, yet with much wisdom and deepest insights. I must remind you that when I learned that you translated into the Georgian language the Book of Psalms, I was eager to ask you about the statement in Psalm 23: ‘ma’agalei zedek’ and why specifically the notion of ‘ma’agalim’ was mentioned since this topic was occupying my for years. You told me that you would get back and you indeed did, providing the most intriguing interpretation that I never saw anywhere: neither I was able to get a satisfactory explanation to my quest of years from anyone else. I do hope that you will publish a paper on this topic. I wish you many decades of active and successful life both for the benefit of yourself and your extended family, but also for all of us who continue to admire you both personally and professionally. I am confident that many people will salute you during this year, and please add this modest one from over the ocean! Happy New Year: be written and sealed in the book of life, health, prosperity, happiness, serenity, and above all, the true peace in the Land, and speedy redemption for the whole world! Sincerely yours, Dr. Isaac Elishakoff Distinguished Research Professor Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Florida Atlantic University

Cveno Zvirfaso Salom,

me raRa SemiZlia davamato saqveynod cnobil

adamianTa am gamonaTqvamebs. Seni saqme, Seni namoR-

vawari TavisTavad ambobs yvelafers.

Sen iseTi mosavali moiwie, iseTi oqros zodebi

daaxvave Cvens sityvier sabadoSi, rom amayad Segi-

Zlia gausworo Tvali warsulsac da momavalsac.

sikeTe da sixaruli ar mogklebodeT arasodes

arc Sen da arc Sens didebul ojaxs, sul winsv-

liT da warmatebiT gataros gamCenma.

Seni jemal ajiaSvili

saqarTvelos ebraelTa msoflio kongresi uerTdeba am

keTil survilebs da dRegrZel sicocxles da bednierebas usur-

vebs Cvens sasiqadulo moRvawes.

semk

"rogorc ki samsoblo tvals miefara, igi im wutsive amotivtivda sulsi"

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