Rokkasho:The Japanese Candidate Site for ITER

MEXT • AOMORI • JAERI

롯카쇼 : ITER 일본후보지

KAPRA & KPS/DPP Joint Workshop in Cheorwon10 July 2004

Outline of the ITER Project ITER계획개요

Participants: China, EU, Japan, Russia, South Korea, USA

Objective 목적

0 10 20 30UNIT: m

US-USSR Summit in 1985

Demonstration of the Scientific and Technological Feasibility of Fusion Energy for Peaceful Purposes:

1. Controlled Ignition and Extended Burn2. Demonstration and Testing of Integrated Technologies

Progress 경위

1985 US-USSR Summit Meeting1988-1990 Conceptual Design Activities (CDA)1992-1998 Engineering Design Activities (EDA)1998-2001 Extended EDA2001- Negotiations for the Joint Implementation Agreement2003- Ministerial-level Meetings for the ITER Site Decision

Schedule 예정

Dismantling andDecommissioning

Establishmentof Organisation

Start of Construction First Plasma

Dissolution ofOrganisation

Operation(20 years)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Construction(10 years)

Start of De-activation

De-activation

(years)

-5years

The TOKAMAK and its Performance 토카막과그진전

126

Q-1:Several 10 sec

Q≥10: Several 100secQ≥ 5: Steady State

Q= 30-50:Steady State

Q= 30-50:Steady State

Break-Even Demonstration:• Burning Plasma• Technology

Integration

Demonstration:• Electricity Generation• Economical Feasibility

V

V7

V1

6V

F13

F12

D2

1 3F19

16

17

15

10

9

8

7

65

V2

3

H2

18

F14

F12

F11

JET (EU)TFTR (US)

JT-60 (JA) JAERI - DESIGNED FUSION PLANT

SSTR

CENTRALSOLENOID

PLASMA

VESSEL

TOROIDALCOIL

FIELD LINESPOLOIDAL COILPLASMA CURRENT

BLANKET

A Fusion Device with Outstanding PerformanceThe Most Advanced Concept for Plasma Confinement

TOKAMAK Components 토카막

Three LargeTOKAMAKS

ExperimentalReactor (ITER) DEMO/

PROTO

Energy Multiplication Factor: Q = Fusion OutputHeating Input

EXTERNAL �HEATINGQ

0.3/0.7100.2/0.8200.1/0.950

ALPHA �HEATING

Q0 10 20 30 40 50 60

1.0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8 SSTR(JA)

EUDEMO

D+T→He4(α) +n

ALP

HA

HEA

TIN

G

POW

ERPL

ASM

A H

EATI

NG

PO

WER

EXTERNAL

HEATING

ITER

ALPHAHEATING

USCOMMERCIAL

IGNITION

Performance Progress toward the Reactor 핵융합로의실용화를위한성능진전

Performance of Tokamak plasma has progressed decade by decade since 1960’s

The Role of ITER ITER 의역할 Fusion Energy Development 핵융합에너지개발

The investigation of the amount of external power necessary to control burning plasma in a steady state condition

ViableFusionEnergy

ITER Physics and Engineering R&D ITER 의물리와공학에관한연구개발

Physics R&D 물리 R & D Engineering R&D 엔지니어링 R & DKey element technologies for ITER have been established during EDA.

1JET

DIII - D0.5

5

N-NBIJT-60

TFTR

104 105 106

0.1

ITERJT-60

Neutral Beam Energy (eV)

Cur

rent

Driv

e E

ffici

ency

(1019

m-2

A/W

)

Current Drive

Plasm a

Central Solenoid Toroidal Field Coil

Blanket

Cen

tral A

xis Vacuum Vessel

Divertor

Poloidal Field Coil

Central Solenoid Model Coil TF Model Coil Vacuum Vessel Sector

Blanket Module

Divertor CassetteRemote Maintenance

Blanket ModuleRemote Maintenance

Energy Confinement Scaling

Confinement Time (Scaling) (S)Con

finem

ent T

ime

(EX

P.)

(S)

0.01

0.1

1

10

0.01 0.1 1 10

TCV

AUGCMODCOMPASSD3DJETJFT2MJT60UPBXMPDX

ASDEX

Prediction of ITER-FEAT

3.6±0.7 s

COMPASS-D

JT-60UJFT-2M

DIII-D TFTRJET

T-10

PDXPBX-M

DIII

ASDEX-U

TEXTOR

ASDEX

Tore Supra

TCVFTU

Alcator C-ModTdeV

H-mode Transition Threshold Scaling

Halo Current Characteristics

JET

JT-60DIII-D

C-mod

TCV

JFT-2M

ASDEX

PBX-M

COMPASS

10

1

0.1

0.1 1 10Scaling Threshold Power (MW)

Thre

shol

d P

ower

(MW

)E

xper

imen

tal D

ata

Halo curr. (Ih)/Plasma curr. (IP0)0

1

2

3

4

5

0 0.1

JT–60U

IhIp0

TPF <0.58ITER Design

VDE

HaloCurr.

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Toro

idal

Pea

king

Fac

tor

(TPF

)

Divertor Cassette

Introduction to Technical Aspects 기술적측면소개

The Site and Surrounding Area 후보지와그주변

Layout of the Site 후보지레이아웃

Transportation routes

Takahoko Lake

Obuchi Lake

National Oil Storage Site

(salt water)

(fresh water)

Mutsu-Ogawara Port

5000 t (DWT) Wharf

2000 t (DWT) Wharf

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

N

Plan of new routes

Route 338

Pacific Ocean

ITER Site

N

Requirements and Assumptions 후보지요건과 설계가정(仮定)

Site Advantages 후보지이점

Main Technical Aspects

1. Land area of 70ha (40ha+30ha), stable and shallow foundation soil, balanced topography, seismic and meteorological characteristics

2. Heat sink (450 MW average heat rejection)

3. Reliable electric power with steady state supply (120 MW) andpulsed supply of peak active power of 500 MW

4. Transportation capability for large and heavy components

5. Scientific, engineering, and socioeconomic infrastructureand workforce

6. Regulatory and decommissioning

Land with solid and firm soil and stable subsoil is almost flat and square, allowing for flexible site layout.

Heat Sink with flexible choice of two systems and stable Electrical Supply with local energy storage using FWMG will contribute to the future extension of operation and improvement in plasma performance.

Very few delays and risk to the construction will be provided by the efficient Transport conditions with accessibility to a nearby port capable unloading up to 1,000t.

Site Characteristics 후보지정비・지원

Comprehensive preparation and support are necessary for smooth construction, operation and decommissioning. This is carried out by MEXT, Aomori Prefecture and DA (mainly JAERI ). A billion dollars has been approved for site preparation in the Japanese budget.

Heat Sink 냉각

Preparation based on Draft Layout 배치안에기초한후보지정비

Facilities and Services provided as Site Preparation후보지정비에서제공되는설비

1. On-site Technical Preparation and Support 2. Off-site Technical Preparation and Support 3. Scientific Support and Licensing Support 4. Socio-cultural Infrastructure and Support

Site Preparation and Support 후보지정비 ・지원

1. Ample cooling water supply sufficient forlonger burn duration and higher power operation

2. Flexible choice of cooling systems:Sea water cooling system (6 km to the seashore)Cooling tower system (fresh water from Takahoko Lake)

H a c hi n o h e F o ss i l P P

IT E R

5 0 0 k V - L in e

S h im o k ita

K a m ik it aA o m o r i

K ita t s u g a r u

S h ir a n u k a

R o k k a sh o

1 5 4 k V - L in e

to M a in G r id

I . 2 C -1 (b ) : IT E R H ig h V o lta g e G rid L in e H ig a s h id o r i

N u c le a r P P to b e o p e r a t ed # T H 1 (2 0 0 5 ) pla n n ed f o r # T H 2 (a f te r2 0 1 1 ) # T K 1 (2 0 1 0 ) # T K 2 (a f te r2 0 1 1 )

O m a N uc le a r P P to b e o p e r a t e d (2 0 0 8 )

T e m p /6 6 k V L in e

N e w IT E R 2 7 5 k V - L in e

M in a m it s u g a r u

5 0 0 k V

1 5 4 k V2 7 5 k V

G R ID C a p a c ity 8 4 G W

KamikitaSubstation

1. 66kV Line from nearby Rokkasho Substation

2. 275kV Line from Kamikita Substation

3. Local energy storage system with FWMG provide extension for burning plasma control capability such as quick control of coil currents and heating power

Electricity 전력공급

Transportation 수송1. Site is 4km from a port capable unloading up to 1,000t 2. Transportation of hundreds of components over 100t

available using existing multiple access routes3. Dedicated roads for the transportation of extra large and

heavy components will also minimise impact on the public and on site-work--> Reliable and cost-saving off-site manufacturing available--> Supply of extra large and heavy components available

from all participating Parties

Science and Technology Infrastructure 과학기술기반

Large-scale Science Projects 대형과학계획

Fusion Research Projects 핵융합연구계획

Hosting of International Teams 내일(来日)해외연구팀

Fusion Research Infrastructure 핵융합연구기반

Science Information Network 과학정보네트워크

Science Infrastructure in Rokkasho 롯카쇼촌의과학기반

Introduction to the Rokkasho Area

International Access via Seoul 서울에서부터의국제교통수단

To Seoul

Domestic Access via Tokyo도쿄에서부터의국내교통수단

1. Flights from Aomori Airport: Fukuoka, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo and Sapporo; Seoul and Khabarovsk

2. Flights from Misawa Airport: Osaka, Tokyo and Sapporo

1. Shinkansen Service: 15 trains operate daily between Tokyo and Hachinohe for this 3-hour journey

2. Future Service: The extension of the current Shinkansenline up to Aomori City will be completed by 2010

Aomori City RokkashoMisawa-Shimoda

Hachinohe

롯카쇼촌과그주변지역소개

Aomori City 아오모리시 Rokkasho 롯카쇼 Misawa-Shimoda 미사와 ・시모다 Hachinohe 하치노헤

Population: 298,600Location: 55km west of RokkashoMajor Characteristic: Capital of Aomori PrefectureRecreational and Leisure Activities: Contemporary Art Museum, concert halls, historical and art museums, skiing, hiking, and several athletic and natural parks

Population: 12,500Major Characteristic: Location for energy-related facilities (JNFL, national oil storage area, wind farm)Recreational and Leisure Activities: Museum, concert hall, water sports, alpine ski trail, and athletic and natural parks

Population: 57,000Location: 30km south of RokkashoMajor Characteristic: Airport located 10 minutes from the city centreRecreational and Leisure Activities: Museums, concert halls, large shopping centre, water sports, ice skating, and athletic and natural parks

Population: 　246,000Location:　45km south of RokkashoMajor Characteristics: Large port with Foreign Access Zone, Terminal for the ShinkansenRecreational and Leisure Activities: Concert halls, historical and art museums, fishing, water sports, ice skating and several athletic and natural parks

Socio-Cultural Aspects 사회・문화적측면

Ample Housing Options 폭넓은주거선택권 Range of Educational Opportunities 폭넓은교육선택

1. Housing Developments: Over 10 housing development areas in or near Rokkasho for those wanting to build or buy a new house

2. Rental Accommodations: Rental housing and apartments with very reasonable rents widely available throughout the area, concentrated in or near cities

3. Municipal Housing: All municipalities maintain housing units for residents with families, with over 400 units available in Rokkasho and Misawa

1. A new international school will be built in Rokkasho and will enroll children of ITER participants and Japanese students from around the region

2. The school will teach the IB (International Baccalaureate) curriculum, recognised in Korea

3. Country-specific education will also be made available through the use of existing facilities, such as the “French School” in Misawa which uses local school classrooms

Comprehensive Support for Residents 전폭적인주민지원 Top-level Medical Care 고도의의료제도

1. The Japanese health care system, which is open to all residents, is one of the most efficient and well-maintained in the world

2. Medical care is provided in English in 16 clinics and hospitals in the area—the Hachinohe City Hospital is also able to provide care to non-English and non-Japanese speakers

3. Emergency care in English is provided in Misawa, with interpreters on-call at Misawa Hospital

1. A Resident Support Office will be established for all ITER participants and their families to provide comprehensive support during the pre-departure stage and throughout the participants’ stay

2. Aomori Prefecture and Misawa both have offices dedicated to providing support to foreign residents

3. Currently, both the prefecture and Rokkasho employ full-time bilingual Korean staff members

Summary 요약Technical Aspects 기술적측면

• Excellent geological characteristics and topology of the site• Excellent port facilities nearby and efficient transport roads• Stable supply of electrical power from the main grid and ample supply of

cooling water• Solid industrial infrastructure for the construction of ITER, and favorably

accepted nuclear facilities• Clear strategy of decommissioning and neighbouring facility for rad-waste

disposal

Socio-cultural Aspects 사회문화적측면

• Rokkasho and surrounding cities offer a wide range of services and facilities for residents

• A wide variety of housing options and medical care available in Rokkasho and throughout the entire area

• Local and national governments are committed to providing a strong infrastructure for residents, including the establishment of an international school and the creation of specific resident services for participants and their families

• Korean participants will benefit from direct flights to Seoul from Aomori Airport• Korean bilingual staff in the local and prefectural government can also provideassistance and support to participants and their families