A Presentation on Role Of Agriculture In Indian Economy

TRIPURA UNIVERSITY

PRESENTING BY: REUBEN KALAI. KOUSHIK MALAKAR.MRMD 2nd Sem.

CONTENTS AGRICULTURE IN INDIA SINCE

INDEPENDENCE AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRODUCTION

SINCE 1970-2010 IRRIGATION SINCE 1950 IN INDIA CHANGES IN LAND USE PATTERN EMPLOYEBILITY IN AGRICULTURE

SECTOR SINCE 1960 CONCLUSION

AGRICULTURE SINCE INDEPENDENCE

Over 50 years since its independence, India has made immense progress towards food security.

Prior to the mid-1960s India relied on imports and food aid to meet domestic requirements. However, two years of severe drought in 1965 and 1966 convinced India to reform its agricultural policy, and that India could not rely on foreign aid and foreign imports for food security.

Continue.

The Indian state of Punjab led India's Green Revolution

The initial increase in production was centered on the irrigated areas of the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh

India's agricultural economy is undergoing structural changes. Between 1970 and 2011, the GDP share of agriculture has fallen from 43 to 16%

AGRICULTURE AVERAGE PRODUCTION

Agriculture productivity in India, growth in average yields from 1970 to 2010

Crop Average YIELD, 1970-

1971

Average YIELD, 1990-

1991

Average YIELD, 2010–

2011kilogram per

hectarekilogram per

hectarekilogram per

hectare

Rice 1123 1740 2240

Wheat 1307 2281 2938

Pulses 524 578 689

Oilseeds 579 771 1325

Sugarcane 48322 65395 68596

Tea 1182 1652 1669

Cotton 106 225 510

Sou

rce:

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral S

tati

sti

cs a

t a

Gla

nce (

2008)

IRRIGATION SINCE 1950

Irrigation in India refers to the supply of water from Indian rivers, tanks, wells, canals and other artificial projects for the purpose of cultivation and agricultural activities. In country such as India, 64% of cultivated land is dependent on monsoons.

Changes in Irrigated Area in India from 1950-51 to 2000-01

Category 1950-51

1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91

2000-01

Net irrigated area

20853 24661 31103 38720 48023 54836

Gross irrigated area

22563 27980 38195 49775 63204 75821

Irrigation intensity(In Percent)

108 113 123 128 132 138

(In Thousand Hectors)

Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance (2008)

CHANGES IN LAND USE PATTERN The basic factor in agriculture is land. Till 1950, the land in India was broadly

classified into five categories. . Hence, a reclassification was adopted from

March 1950. Under it, land in India now classified under nine different categories.

(i) forests; (ii) Barren and uncultivable lands; (iii) Land put to non-agricultural uses; (iv) Cultivable wastes

Continue.

(v) Permanent pastures and other grazing lands;

(vi) Miscellaneous tree crops and groves not included in the net area sown;

(vii) Current fallows; (viii) Other fallows; and (ix) Net sown area.

LAND USE PATTERNCategory

1951-52 1961-62 1971-72 1981-82 1991-92 2001-02

Geographical area

328726 328726 328726 328726 328726 328726

Reporting area for land use

287827 (87.56)

299151 (91)

304141 (92.52)

304272 (92.56)

304900 (92.75)

305014 (92.79)

Barren and uncultivable land

37484 (13.02)

35921 (12.01)

27996 (9.20)

20010 (6.58)

19270 (6.32)

17709 (5.81)

Cropping Intensity

111 115 118 123 130 131

Forest land under good tree cover

48889 (16.98)

54189 (18.11)

63771 (20.97)

67422 (22.15)

67866 (22.25)

69511 (22.79)

Misc. tree crops and groves

7881 (2.73)

4500 (1.50)

4284 (1.41)

3715 (1.22)

3761 (1.23)

3370 (1.10)

Permanent pasture and grazing lands

8592 (2.98)

14082 (4.70)

12960 (4.26)

12007 (3.95)

11299 (3.71)

10586 (3.47)

Sou

rce:

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral S

tati

sti

cs a

t a

Gla

nce (

2008)

EMPLOYEBILITY IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR SINCE 1960

The share of agriculture in employment declined from about 82 percent in 1950/51 to about 72 percent by 2001

Agricultural workforce about 45.6 percent are registered as agricultural labor and the rest, i.e., 54.4 percent as cultivators while 28.1 percent was registered as agriculture labor and the rest as cultivators in 1950/51. This indicates that agricultural workforce shifted from cultivators to agricultural labors

EMPLOYEBILITY IN AGRICULTURE

Year Total population

Average Annual Exponential Growth Rate (%)

Rural Population

Cultivators

Agri.Labourers

Total Share of Agriculture to GDP (%)

1951 361.1 1.25 298.6 (82.7)

69.9 (71.9)

27.3 (28.1)

140.0 (100.0)

54.66

1961 439.2 1.96 360.3 (82.0)

99.6 (76.0)

31.5 (24.0)

188.7 (100.0)

49.14

1971 548.2 2.22 439.0 (80.1)

78.2 (62.2)

47.5 (37.8)

180.4 (100.0)

43

1981 683.3 2.20 523.9 (76.7)

92.5 (62.5)

55.5 (37.5)

244.6 (100.0)

37.5

1991 846.4 2.14 628.9 (74.3)

110.7 (59.7)

74.6 (40.3)

185.3 (100.0)

30.32

2001 1028.7 1.95 742.6 (72.2)

127.3 (54.4)

106.8 (45.6)

234.1 100.0)

24

(In millions)

Sou

rce:

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral S

tati

sti

cs a

t a

Gla

nce (

2008)

CONCLUSION

Indian population has tripled, but food-grain production is less.

With both the farmers and the government officials focusing on farm productivity and knowledge transfer, India's total food grain production soared. A hectare of Indian wheat farms that produced an average of 0.8 tones in 1948 produced 4.7 tones of wheat in 1975 from the same land.

1980s to the states of eastern India —Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.

Rapid economic growth in services, industrial output, and non-agricultural sectors in India between 2000 to 2010.

THANK YOU…!!