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Church of St. Roch (So Roque), Chapel of St. John the Baptist -

Lisbon

"... It was during the patriarchate of Cardinal d'Almeyda (!#$ that the famous chapel ofSaint %ohn the &aptist now in the church of So Roque was uilt in Rome at the e)pense

of *ing %ohn + and consecrated y ,ope &enedict -I+. At what date the patriarchs of

ison egan to quarter the tiara with three crowns though without the /eys on their coatof arms is uncertain and there are no documents referring to the grant of such a pri0ilege ..."

(C1$.
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aels3 Caeremoniale Romanum ,atriarch of ison ,ri0ileges,atriarchate of ison,ortugal Roma usitana

,osted y &. *. at 45465 537355 ,8

Patriarchate of LisbonIncludes the districts of Lisbon and Santarem

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ison ,A>RIARC?A>1 @: IS&@1SIS$ includes the districts of ison and

Santarem. >he area of the district of ison is =5#B sq. miles pop. !57B57 (755$. Area ofSantarem 6BBB sq. miles pop. 6D=EB.

ison is said to owe its origin to Flysses and hence its oldest name Flissypo or @lissipo

which ecame on ,hoenician lips Alisuo meaning the "friendly ay". Its charm was
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ac/nowledged y the Romans in the name they ga0e it :elicitas %ulia and when the 8oors

came they changed it ac/ to Al Aschuna a 0ariant of the ,hoenician title. :rom Alisuoand Al Aschuna we ha0e the later name issaona whence the modern ,ortuguese isoa

and the 1nglish ison. It lies on the north an/ of the >agus 6 miles from the open sea

clustered around se0en hills that rise ao0e one another ending in the Serra of Cintra.

>he town was ta/en y the 8oors in !# and remained in their possession until B whenAffonso ?enriques with the assistance of an army of Crusaders 1nglish ormans and

:lemings ound for the ?oly and dro0e out the in0aders and remo0ed the capital of the

country from Coimra to ison. An 1nglish mon/ named Gilert who was with the

e)pedition was chosen &ishop of ison at this time. @n two occasions the city sufferedfrom disastrous earthqua/es in B= more than B55 houses were destroyed esides many

churches and palaces. @n o0emer !BB a second disastrous earthqua/e shoo/ the city

and more than =5555 of the inhaitants perished. >o add to the misery a fire ro/e outwhich lasted four days. Car0alho 8arquis of ,omal at that time 8inister of Har too/

charge of the panicEstric/en city and ha0ing e)tinguished the flames drew up plans for the

reuilding of ison. A rone equestrian statue of *ing %ose with a medallion of ,omalwas erected in the new ,r a do Commercio to commemorate the reuilding. 1)cept in this

new quarter around the ,raca do Commercio the streets of ison are irregular and steep

ut there is an elaorate electric trolley system connecting all parts of the town and theascensores or giant lifts help to o0ercome the difficulties of high and low le0els. >here are

fountains e0erywhere and the streets are lined y trees of which the olaia or JudasEtree is

the most common. >he oldest portion of ison is along the steep Slopes of the Castello de

S. %orge which had een the stronghold of the 8oors. In the neighorhood of the Cathedralor Se Roman remains ha0e een found including the ruins of a Roman >heatre. >he Se or

Cathedral of Santa 8aria is the oldest church in ison it dates ac/ to the year =5#. It

ser0ed as a mosque for the 8oors during their occupation of the city and the facade withits towers and massi0e portico was reuilt during the fourteenth century. It has een

restored many times.

@utside what were the old walls of ison stands the church of S. +incente da :ora (St.

+incent's without$ with a monastery attached which is now the residence of the ,atriarchof ison. >he church contains the mortuary chapel of the *ings of the ?ouse of &ragana

and the great constale uno. Al0ara ,eriera lies uried here. St. +incent is the patron saint

of ison he was martyred for the :aith under Kiocletian. According to the legend hisody was attached to a millstone and flung into the sea (==#$ ut was miraculously

disco0ered on the sands at +alencia y some Christians of that place. In the eighth century

the 8oors too/ +alencia and the inhaitants fled y sea ta/ing the relics of St. +incentwith them. >hey were dri0en ashore on the coast of Algar0e at the cape now /nown as

Cape St. +incent and there they remained until K. Affonso ?enriques had e)pelled the

8oors from ison when they were rought from Cape Saint +incent and deposited in the

cathedral he had Just uilt. At this same time Affonso egan the uilding of the Cistercianmonastery of Alcoaca in fulfilment of a 0ow he had made to uild a monastery for St.

&ernard's mon/s if he were successful in his war against the 8oors. >he Castello of S.

%orqe was uilt in the time of %ulius Caesar and strengthened y the 8oors who held outthere against the assault of Affonso ?enriques. It had three towers /nown as Flysses

Alarram and 8anagem ut e0ery trace of them disappeared in the earthqua/e of !BB. It


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was the royal residence until the Spanish /ings of ,ortugal chose the famous ,aco do

>erriero which was ruined in !BB. Kon %oao I made St. George its patron saint he hadmarried an 1nglish princess ,hilippa daughter of %ohn of Gaunt. >he procession on the

feast of Corpus Christi from the Castello to the church of S. Komingo was a rilliant one in

former years. St. George lance in hand and on horseac/ in hea0y armor was personated

y one of the faithful and his standard was orne efore him y another rider. *ing andcourt all too/ part in this procession the patriarch carrying the sacred ?ost.

>?1 8@K1R CI>L.9>he church of St. Roque loo/s onto a square of its own name it

contains the chapel of St. %ohn the &aptist uilt in Rome from designs y the architect

+aneteli. Its costly marles and mosaic reproductions of paintings y Guido Reni Raphaeland 8ichelangelo too/ ten years to complete. Close y is the Casa de Fnisencordia a

hospital and an orphanage. ear at hand is the Graca church and con0ent (now a arrac/s$

facing the city. >he church contains a remar/ale crucifi) /nown as osser Senhor dos,assos da Graca. >he church of the Carmo a eautiful relic of ,ortuguese Gothic is now a

museum. &elem a suur of ison contains the church and monastery of Santa 8aria

/nown locally as the %eronymos. >he old name of &elem was Restello and it was from herethat +asco da Gama set out to disco0er a sea route to India. A chapel had een uilt on the

spot y ,rince ?enry the a0igator and to it /ing and court went in procession %uly D

7!. @n that same day +asco da Gama emar/ed he returned in Septemer 77 ha0ingrounded the Cape of Good ?ope. >o immortalie the e0ent *ing 8anuel uilt a monastery

near ,rince ?enry's chapel changed the name of the locality from Restello to &elem or

&ethlehem and ga0e the new uilding to the mon/s of St. %erome hence the name

%eronymos. >he first stone was laid in B55. >he uilding is of white stone from thequarries of 1stramadura and the foundations were laid on piles of pinewood. >he style of

architecture is pure 8anueline (a mi)ture of Gothic Renaissance and 8oorish$ and the

doorway is e)uerantly decorated. >he church is fast ecoming a mausoleum of celeratedmen. It contains the toms of +asco da Gama of Camoes the great poet and of Almeida

Garrett the chief ,ortuguese poet of the nineteenth century. In the chapter house of the

monastery is the tom of Ale)andro ?erculano greatest of ,ortuguese historians. >hecolumned arches of the cloisters are decorated with the twisted cale moulding so common

in 8anueline uildings. ?igh ao0e &elem stands the AJuda ,alace uilt early in the

nineteenth century to replace the royal palace which had een destroyed y the earthqua/e

of !BB. It is a conspicuous edifice and is one of the first seen on entering the port ofison. >he actual residence of the royal family is the ,alace of the ecessidades. Since

D= the Cortes a generic designation for the Constitutional Chamers of peers and

deputies occupies the monastery of an &ento. >he actual numer of deputies is D electedy the people whereas the chamer of peers consists of nominated memers appointed y

the crown and none of them under 5 years of age. @ne of the most remar/ale

monuments connected with the city is the Aqueducto das Aguas i0ras (uilt in !=$which reaches a distance of ten miles to Chellos.

ear the 1strella Gardens is a ,rotestant cemetery containing the tom of ?enry :ielding

the 1nglish no0elist who died in ison in !B. >his part of the city also contains the

&asilica of the SS. Coracao de %esus with its commanding cupola of white marle. >he old:ranciscan con0ent has een turned into a museum of fine arts and a portion of the

uilding contains the ational irary of ison where are stored aout =55555 0olumes


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esides many rare manuscripts. >he first oo/ printed y Guttenerg is shown there and a

&ile from the same press. It also contains oo/s from the Ku/e of orthumerland'slirary rought to ison when the nuns of Sion were dri0en out of 1ngland during the

Reformation. >he largest church in ison is S. Komingo in the ,rapa do Rocio. It was

dedicated in 6 and has undergone many changes. >he /ings of ,ortugal are usually

married there and it was the former church of the Inquisition. In !# it witnessed the autoda ft of :ather 8alagrida the %esuit who was falsely accused of complicity in a plot against

,omal's life.

1)cept around the ,raca do Commercio nearly all the important uildings of ison are or

ha0e een churches and monasteries. Since their suppression 8ay 6D D= themonasteries ha0e een mainly used as arrac/s. >he Catholic :aith is the State religion ut

all other forms of worship are tolerated and in go0ernment circles the feeling is antiE

clerical if not antiEreligious. >he press is represented y two ale Journals the "Kiario dosoticias" and "@ Seculo". >he population of ison in 755 was computed at =B!555. >he

present *ing of ,ortugal is 8anuel II orn o0emer B DD7 who succeeded to the

throne on the assassination of his father and elder rother :eruary 75D. >he reigningdynasty elongs to the ?ouse of &raganaECourg %ohn I+ of &ragana ha0ing e)pelled

the Spaniards from ison in #5 and 8aria II of &ragana ha0ing married :ernando

,rince of CourgEGotha in the middle of the nineteenth century.

>he A0enida da iertade is one of the new oule0ards. It egins at the ,raga doRestoradores which commemorates ,ortugal's Independence Kay Kecemer #5

when the Ku/e of &ragana freed the land from Spanish domination. >he a0enue is lined

with trees and sutropical plants and is di0ided y flowerEeds and roc/eries into threearteries to facilitate traffic. >wenty years ago all this district did not e)ist and as in the

newer quarters in Rome there has een some o0eruilding. &ehind the A0enida lie the

&otanical Gardens with their leafy lanes and wealth of tropical 0egetation. >he ,raga do

,rincipe Real a few minutes' wal/ from the gardens stands on the site of the Se,atriarchal uilt y %oao + (!5#E!B5$ as the cathedral of Hestern ison and destroyed

y fire during the great earthqua/e. >he port of ison one of the safest and most

commodious roadsteads in the world is annually entered and cleared y an a0erage of #5550essels sailing under e0ery flag. >he chief manufactures of the neighorhood are pottery

woollens glass preser0ed food and fish. >he wine trade of ison is also important.

&esides the pulic uildings referred to the Academia Real the 1scola ,olytechnica (BD5pupils$ and the 1scola 8edicoECirurgica (66 pupils$ as well as the oser0atory deser0e

mention. ison has also a military school (==7 students$ a school of fine arts (#7

students$ and a Conser0atorio (B5= students$. ison was occupied y the :rench in D5!ut the 1nglish too/ it in D5D and made it a center of operations against apoleon during

the ,eninsular Har.

1CC1SIAS>ICA ?IS>@RL. >he See of ison dates from early Christian times and

tradition has enshrined the names of its ishops as far ac/ as the suEApostolic epoch. Itseems certain that a St. ,otamius who too/ part in the Council of Rimini (=B#$ was &ishop

of ison. @ther ishops are mentioned up to the year !# when ison passed into the

hands of the 8oors and the see remained 0acant till !. &efore the 8oorish conquest the

diocese was suffragan of 8erida the lieration under Alfonso I too/ place in ! and in


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77 ison was made suffragan of Compostela. At the request of *ing %ohn I ,ope

&oniface I- y &ull dated o0emer 5 =7 erected ison into an archdiocese andga0e it as suffragans Coimra eiria Guarda 10ora and Sil0es (in =7# howe0er 10ora

was detached y the same pope$ and the first archishop was %ohn Anes. Among his more

famous successors were Roderigue da Cunha (#=#$ and Cardinal ui da Soua (#!#$.

As ,ortugal grew in political importance and colonial possessions the Jurisdiction of the8etropolitan of ison e)panded and we learn from Stadel "Compend. Geogr. 1ccles."

(!6$ that Coimra eiria ,ortalegre 1l0as :unchal Angra Congo St. %ames of Cape

+erde San >horne and &aia of All Saints were suffragans of ison. As a reward forassistance against the >ur/s Clement -I in !5D raised the Chapel of the Royal ,alace to

Collegiate ran/ and associated with it three parishes in the dioceses of &ragana and

amego. ater in that same year yielding to the request of %ohn + he issued the &ull "InSupremo Apostolatus Solio" (@ctoer 66 !#$ /nown as the Golden &ull ecause the

seal or ulla was affi)ed with gold instead of lead gi0ing the collegiate chapel cathedral

ran/ with metropolitical rights and conferring on its titular the ran/ of patriarch.'>he town

of ison was ecclesiastically di0ided into 1astern and Hestern ison. >he formerArchishop of ison retained Jurisdiction o0er 1astern ison quid had as suffragans

Guarda ,ortalegre St. %ames of Cape +erde San >horne and San Sal0ator in Congo.

Hestern ison and metropolitical rights o0er eiria amego :unchal and Angratogether with elaorate pri0ileges and honors were granted to the new patriarch and his

successors. It was further agreed etween pope and /ing that the ,atriarch of ison should

e made a cardinal at the first consistory following his appointment. >he first ,atriarch ofison was a saintly man >homas d'Almeyda formerly &ishop of ,orto and he was raised

to the cardinalate Kecemer 65 !=!. >here thus e)isted side y side in the city of ison

two metropolitical churches. >o o0iate the incon0enience of this arrangement &enedict-I+ (Kecemer = !5$ united 1ast and Hest ison into one single archdiocese under

,atriarch d'Almeyda who ruled the see until !B. >he doule chapter howe0er remained

until D= when the old cathedral chapter was dissol0ed y Gregory -+I. It was during the

patriarchate of Cardinal d'Almeyda (!#$ that the famous chapel of Saint %ohn the &aptistnow in the church of Sao Roque was uilt in Rome at the e)pense of *ing %ohn + and

consecrated y ,ope &enedict -I+.

At what date the patriarchs of ison egan to quarter the tiara with three crowns though

without the /eys on their coat of arms is uncertain and there are no documents referring tothe grant of such a pri0ilege. &y Apostolic letters dated Septemer =5 DD the

metropolitan of ison claims as suffragans the Kioceses of Angola St. %ames of Cape

+erde San >horne 1gitan ,ortalegre Angra :unchal. >he archdiocese comprises theci0il districts of ison and Santarem and has a Catholic population of !6D!=7. >he

estimated numer of ,rotestants and %ews is B555. >he total numer of parishes is = of

priests ##6 and of churches and chapels BBB. >he present patriarch is Antonio 8endes&ello who was orn at Gou0ea in the Kiocese of Guarda in %une D6 appointed

Archishop of 8itylene 8arch 6 DD translated to :aro o0emer = DD and

appointed patriarch of ison Kecemer 7 75! in succession to Cardinal eto whoresigned. >he patriarch is assisted y an au)iliary ishop mgr. %ose Al0es de 8attos titular

Archishop of 8itylene. Cardinal eto the e)patriarch was orn at agos in the Kiocese

of :aro :eruary D D was ordained in D#= Joined the @rder of :riars 8inor in D!B

was appointed &ishop of Angola and Congo in D!7 ecame ,atriarch of ison in DD=


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was named Cardinal of the >itle of the >wel0e Apostles 8arch 6 DD and at present

ran/s as senior cardinal priest. ?e resigned his patriarchate in o0emer 75! and retiredto a con0ent of his own order in ison. In #6 a college for 1nglish students desiring to

study for the priesthood and for mission wor/ in 1ngland was founded in ison y ,ietro

Catinho a memer of an illustrious family. It is /nown as SS. ,eter and ,aul's and has the

same rights and pri0ileges as the 1nglish College Rome. It suffered se0erely from theearthqua/e of !BB ut continues its wor/s to this day and is now go0erned y 8onsignor

?ilton who was orn in D6B educated at ison ordained$ DB5 ser0ed some time on

the mission in the Kiocese of Shrewsury 1ngland made a domestic prelate in DD andreturned to ison as president in DD=. college for Irish students was founded y royal

charter in B7= it escaped all inJury from the earthqua/e ut was closed during the ci0il

wars in ,ortugal in the nineteenth century and has ne0er een reopened. A con0ent of IrishKominican mon/s and another of Irish Kominican nuns e)ist in ison to this day.

SA>AR18. >he ancient Scalais the ,rcesidium %ulium of the Romans and capital of

the district of Santarem lies on the right an/ of the >agus aout # miles from ison. >he

population in 75 was 755. It does a large trade in wine and oil and is the 0egetalegarden of ison. In the si)teenth century it was of more importance than nowadays and

its population stood at 6555. A long narrow ridge spans the >agus and on a roc/ in the

ri0er stands the castle Almourel a uilding in Gothic architecture. Roman relics unearthedin the 0icinity incline archaeologists to the opinion that the noted aantia of the Romans

and Goths stood there. >he :ranciscan con0ent is now a arrac/s and the con0ent of Santa

Iria o'r Irene is in ruins. Saint Irene (whence the name 8 the town Santarem$ is said to ha0e

een the niece of the prior of the &enedictine monastery when the Goths ruled that portionof ,ortugal.

%. C. GR1L

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