Rotorua 5, NZ ‧‧ 紐西蘭 羅托魯阿 5懷托摩 螢火蟲洞

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Glowworm Caves 螢火蟲洞

懷托摩 螢火蟲洞 地圖

Waitomo Glowworm Caves Map

Waitomo Glowworm Caves

The area's name Waitomo comes from the Maori words wai (water) and tomo (hole). Waitomo is famous for its glowworm caves. Many have stunning displays of Arachnocampa luminosa (native NZ glowworms) living on cave walls, ceilings, and stalactites. (Their clear blue/green light is called "bioluminescence")

The Waitomo Glow-worm Cave hosts thousands and thousands of glow-worms that light up the cave ceiling like a shining night sky. This species of glow-worm, Arachnocampa luminosa, which is found only in New Zealand, emits a blue-green glow that illuminates the underground cave river. Funny thing, though, the glow-worms aren’t really glow-worms. They’re actually fly larvae. And what causes the glowing? Excretory organs. These creepy-crawlies produce a silk-like thread used to trap flies and other bugs for them to prey on. And the hungrier they are, the brighter they glow. Pretty neat, but gross.

The Waitomo Glowworm Caves provide the perfect environment for the native glowworms to survive - with an abundance of insects brought into the cave via the flowing underground river.

懷托摩 螢火蟲洞這地區 Waitomo 的名字來源是毛利話 Wai 懷（水）和 tomo 托摩（孔）。意思是被水沖蝕出來的石灰岩洞。 懷托摩是以螢火蟲洞而聞名。許多壯麗的紐西蘭本土螢火蟲 (Arachnocampa luminosa) 寄居在洞穴岩壁，洞頂，和鐘乳石上。 ( 他們清析的藍綠光被稱為「生物發光體」 ) 螢火蟲洞承載著成千上萬的螢火蟲，點亮了洞頂就像一片閃亮的夜。 Arachnocampa luminosa 這個品種的螢火蟲，只有在紐西蘭發現，發出藍綠的光照亮了溶洞的地下河流。 有趣的事情是，螢火蟲並不是真的螢火蟲。他們實際上是蠅類的幼蟲。到底是什麼導致發光？是排泄器官。這些幼蟲生產絲狀的線，用於捕食蒼蠅和其他蟲子。它們越是飢餓，發的光就越亮。總體來看整齊而漂亮。懷托摩螢火蟲洞提供了完美的環境，讓原生的螢火蟲能夠生存下來 - 擁有流動的地下河流，通過河流將豐富的昆蟲帶進了山洞。

There are three visiting caves in Waitomo 懷托摩有三個參觀洞穴

Waitomo glowworm cave Visitor Centre懷托摩螢火蟲洞遊客中心

Visitor Centre Cafe & Restaurant遊客中心咖啡廳和餐廳

Tourist guide explained the precautions before entering the Glowworm Caves.在進入螢火蟲洞前導遊講解注意事項

The entrance gate of Glowworm Caves 螢火蟲洞入口大門

Enter Into the Glowworm Cave 進入螢火蟲洞內

Glowworm Caves visit provisions:1. Don’t touch the stalactites and stalagmites;2. Must remain in quiet in the caves;3. No smoking,4. Prohibit use cameras and video recorders.

螢火蟲洞穴參觀規定：1. 不要用手觸摸鍾乳石及石筍；2. 在洞內必須保持寧靜；3. 全面禁煙；4. 禁止使用相機及錄影機。

※ Due to photography is prohibited, all photos inside the cave are from WWW.※ 由於禁止照相，洞內所有照片均來自 WWW 全球資訊網路。

Glowworm cave stalactites螢火蟲洞內鐘乳石

Pulling ropes, the boat was silently going forward拉動繩索，小船靜悄悄的前進。

The stunning cavefilled with thousands of glowing Glow Worms.令人驚嘆的滿天星斗，山洞中充滿了千萬隻發光的螢火蟲

Boat glided silently through the starry wonderland of the Glowworm Grotto小船靜靜地滑過星光燦爛的螢火蟲石窟仙境

Why ‘glow maggots?’ Well they are larvae. They are rather fabulous little creatures who spin themselves a hammock out of mucus/saliva and then dangle sticky mucus/saliva threads to catch insects.為什麼“蟲要發光？”它們是幼蟲，相當美妙的小動物。幼蟲在洞壁上吐出口水粘液，然後以發光的引誘，用粘液垂線捕捉昆蟲。

Sticky lines 粘黏的蟲絲(like webs, for catching food)（像蜘蛛網，捕捉食物）

Glow-worms make sticky silk threads which hang like fishing lines. Small flying insects are attracted to the light of a glow-worm, and get caught in the threads. The glow-worm pulls in the thread with its mouth and eats the insect. In caves, where there is no wind to tangle the threads, the lines may be up to half a metre long. A large glow-worm larva may have as many as 70 lines.

螢火蟲製造粘稠絲線像掛著的 漁線。小飛蟲受螢火蟲的光吸引，被絲線逮住。螢火蟲用嘴拉絲線來吃昆蟲。在山洞裡沒有風糾結絲線，這些絲線可以長達半米。大型螢火幼蟲所製造的粘線可以多達 70條。

The glowworm lifecycle starts when the female fly lays approximately 120 small spherical eggs. Around 30 days later, the young larvae start to hatch and build nests of their own - putting down long, sticky feeding lines to eat from.螢火蟲的生命週期從母螢火成蟲下了大約 120 顆球型小蛋開始。大約 30 天後，幼蟲開始孵化，並建立自己的巢穴 - 放下長而粘的絲線捕捉食物。

Even at a very small size (less than three millimeters long) the larvae emits a visible light to lure in insects within the dark depths of the caves – the insect is attracted towards the light and when it gets too close to the feeding lines, it gets tangled up and once stuck, there’s no getting out - as the larvae draws the line up to devour it’s feed. 即使一隻非常小（少於三毫米長）的幼蟲，在黑暗洞穴的深處都可以發出可見光來引誘昆蟲 - 昆蟲被吸引向光飛去，碰到粘絲就被卡死纏住，無法脫身。幼蟲將絲線提起將它慢慢飽食。

After about nine months, the larvae forms into a pupa (like a cocoon). The pupa lasts for about 13 days and will be suspended by a thread. 經過約九個月，幼蟲變成了蛹（像繭）。蛹由一根絲線掛著，持續約 13 天。

When the pupa hatches, it becomes an adult glowworm (looking similar to a large mosquito). It has no mouth and its sole function is to reproduce and disperse the species. In fact, usually a male adult glowworm is waiting for the female to emerge from its pupa so that mating can take place immediately. The adult glowworm then dies just a few days after hatching.當蛹孵化，變成一隻螢火成蟲（外觀像一隻大蚊子）。它沒有嘴，唯一的功能是繁殖和散佈物種。事實上，通常是公螢火蟲正在等待母螢火蟲從蛹內出來，以便立即交配。然後，螢 火成蟲在孵化幾天之後就去世。

螢火蟲的生命週期

球型小蛋蛹

幼蟲

成蟲

To survive, the glowworm needs a very special habitat:為了生存，螢火蟲需要一個非常特殊的棲息地：- Humidity - to prevent it from drying out- 濕度 - 以防止乾燥。- A sheltered surface to hang from and suspend its sticky, spider-like feeding - 無風的表面以懸掛其粘絲，像蜘蛛般的捕食。 - A calm atmosphere to prevent the lines from tangling- 平靜的氣流，以防止粘絲纏結。- Darkness to allow its light to attract food - 黑暗，由其發光來吸引食物。- A plentiful supply of insets to eat- 充沛的昆蟲供應食用。

Cave exit 洞穴出口

The Waitomo River at the cave outlet螢火蟲洞出口處的懷托摩小河

Towards to the exit, must pass through a short forest.走向出口，須要穿過一小段樹林

The exit is Visitor Centre Cafe出口處是遊客中心咖啡廳

Tour party in cave, with founder Tane Tinorau (center), 19011901年，洞穴參觀團體與發現者 Tane Tinorau （中間）

Music ： Hawthorn Tree

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