rvzxq wk¶vµg i cvv¨cy¯—k †evw© kz…©k 2013 … › 2013 › 03 › 7...2013/03/07 ·...

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3

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RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ-2010 Gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii wk¶vµg| cwigvwR©Z GB wk¶vµ‡g RvZxq Av`k©, j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †mB mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡ì eqm, †gav I MÖnY ¶gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov wk¶v_©xi ˆbwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva †_‡K ïi“ K‡i BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †PZbv, gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, wkí-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ‡eva, †`k‡cÖg‡eva, cÖK…wZ-†PZbv Ges ag©-eY©-†MvÎ I bvix-cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l mevi cÖwZ mggh©v`v‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU weÁvbgb¯‹ RvwZ MV‡bi Rb¨ Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î weÁv‡bi ¯ZtùZ© cÖ‡qvM I wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki i~cKí-2021 Gi j¶¨ ev —evq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì m¶g K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bZzb GB wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii cÖvq mKj cvV¨cy —K| D³ cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg_© , cÖeYZv I c~e© AwfÁZv‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV¨cy¯—K¸‡jvi welq wbe©vPb I Dc ’vc‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi m„Rbkxj cÖwZfvi weKvk mva‡bi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïi“‡Z wkLbdj hy³ K‡i wk¶v_©xi AwR©Ze¨ Áv‡bi Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wewPÎ KvR, m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkœ ms‡hvRb K‡i g~j¨vqb‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ-2010 Gi Av‡jv‡K gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwYi wn› yag© wk¶v cvV¨cy —KwUi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wn› yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v| G cvV¨cy —‡Ki cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi a‡g©i ZvwË¡K welqmg~n mijfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi cvkvcvwk agx©q aviYvi RxebvPiYgyLx wk¶v Ges Gi cÖv‡qvwMK w`K Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j G cvV¨cy¯—KwU Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e, a‡g©i ZvwË¡K Ávb kyaygvÎ ag©vjvc Ges Abyôvb Av‡jvPbvi g‡a¨ mxgve× bq GwU ˆbwZK PwiÎ MVb Ges mgv‡Ri GKRb ˆbwZK I gvbweK ¸bm¤úbœ fv‡jvgvbyl M‡o †Zvjvi c_ wb‡ ©kKI|

GKwesk kZ‡Ki A½xKvi I cÖZ¨q‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cvV¨cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB cvV¨cy¯—KwUi AviI mg„w×mva‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv MVbg~jK I hyw³m½Z civgk© ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ewPZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡bi wecyj Kg©h‡Ái g‡a¨ AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j wKQz fyjÎ“wU †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z cvV¨cy —KwU‡K AviI my›ì, †kvfb I Î“wUgy³ Kivi †Póv Ae¨vnZ, _vK‡e| evbv‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgx KZ…©K cÖYxZ evbvbixwZ|

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cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯—dv KvgvjDwÏb †Pqvig¨vb

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW©, XvKv


5

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Aa¨v‡qi bvg Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg c„ôv

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wØZxq ag©Mš’ 9-17

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lô agx©q DcvL¨v‡b ˆbwZK wk¶v 43-49

mßg Av`k© RxebPwiZ 50-66

Aóg wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva 67-76

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

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G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv-

• mªóv Ges Ck¦i kã ywUi A_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • Ck¦‡ii wbivKvi I mvKvi m¤úwK©Z aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • Ck¦‡ii mvKvi i~‡ci eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie • Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • Ck¦‡ii ¯î~c m¤ú‡K© kªxg`&fMe`&MxZvi GKwU mnR ms¯‹…Z †k −vK mijv_©mn ej‡Z cvie Ges e¨vL¨v

Ki‡Z cvie • Ck¦‡ii wewfbœ mvKvi i~‡ci g‡aÏ Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ Dcjwä K‡i Zuvi Dcvmbvq DØy× ne|

wbivKvi Ck¦i


3

Ck¦‡ii mvKvi iƒc

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Z‡e Ck¦i me©kw³gvb| wZwb wbR Amxg I Abb¨ kw³i e‡j †h †Kv‡bv AvKvi aviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ck¦‡ii mvKvi i~c bvbv fv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

GK. Ck¦i wb‡R‡K ev wb‡Ri Askwe‡kl‡K mvKvi i~c `vb K‡ib| G i~ç‡jv n‡jv AeZvi I †è-†èx|

yB. Ck¦i wb‡RB Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥v i~‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib| ZLb Zuv‡K RxevZ¥v ejv nq|

AeZvi AeZvi m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv i‡q‡Q| hLb a‡g©i M−vwb Dcw ’Z nq A_©vr Ab¨vq AwePv‡i wech© Í nq gvbeRxeb Ges Afy Ìvb N‡U Aa‡g©i ZLb Ck¦i †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv i~c aviY K‡i c„w_ex‡Z AeZiY K‡ib| Avgiv Rvwb AeZiY kãwUi A_© †b‡g Avmv | Ck¦i we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ c„w_ex‡Z AeZiY K‡ib e‡j Zv‡K AeZvi ejv nq| †hgb Ñ Ck¦i †ÎZvhy‡M ivgi~‡c AeZxY© n‡qwQ‡jb| ivg AeZv‡i wZwb iveYmn `ye©„Ë‡ì `gb K‡i ag© ev b¨vq I m‡Zï cÖwZôv Ki‡wQ‡jb| Øvci hy‡M Ck¦i ev fMevb m¦qs kÖxK…òi~‡c †b‡g G‡mwQ‡jb| A_©vr Ab¨vb¨ AeZvi Ck¦‡ii Ask AeZvi| Avi kÖxK…ò Ck¦‡ii c~Y© AeZvi| ZvB ejv n‡q‡QÑ ÔK…ò¯‘ fMevb& ¯^qg&ÕÑ kÖxK…ò

¯^qs fMevb|

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Ck¦‡ii †Kv‡bv ¸Y ev kw³ hLb i~c ev AvKvi aviY K‡i mvKvi n‡q I‡V Ges we‡kl ¸Y, kw³ ev gwngv cÖKvk K‡i ZLb Zuv‡K †èZv ev †è-†èx e‡j| A_©vr †è-†èxiv Ck¦‡ii we‡kl ¸Y ev kw³i mvKvi i~c | †hgbÑ eªþv m„wói †èZv, weòy i~‡c Ck¦i RxeRMr‡K i¶v I cÖwZcvjb K‡ib, wke i~‡c wZwb aŸsm

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K‡i c„w_exi fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡ib| Aciw`‡K yM©v kw³i †èx, mi¯Zx we`¨vi †èx, j²x ab-m¤ú‡ì †èx BZ¨vw`| †h‡nZz †è-†èxiv Ck¦‡ii Ask, ZvB †è-†èx‡ì mš—yó Ki‡j Ck¦i mš—yó nb|

RxevZ¥v

Ck¦i hLb Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥v i~‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib, ZLb Zuv‡K RxevZ¥v e‡j| iex› ªbv_ VvKzi Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ck¦‡ii Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Zuvi GKwU KweZvq e‡j‡Qb,

Ômxgvi gv‡S Amxg Zzwg evRvI Avcb myi

Avgvi gv‡S †Zvgvi cÖKvk ZvB GZ gayi|Õ

A_©vr †`‡ni mxgvq RxevZ¥vi~‡c cigvZ¥v ev Ck¦i we`¨gvb _v‡Kb| ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›Ì e‡j‡Qb †h,

Ck¦i eûi~‡c Avgv‡ì m¤§y‡LB Av‡Qb| G eûi~c ej‡Z Rxe‡KB wb‡ ©k Kiv n‡q‡Q|

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GKK KvR : Ck¦‡ii mvKvi i~‡ci yBwU ¸Y wPwýZ Ki

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bxwZ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bv i~c aviY K‡i c„w_ex‡Z AeZxY© nb| Zvui †mB we‡kl we‡kl i~c‡K AeZvi ejv nq|

†hgb- kÖxivg, kÖxK…ò, grm¨ AeZvi cÖf…wZ|

Ck¦‡ii m¦i~c


5

kÖxg &fMe &MxZv

Ab¨w`‡K, Ck¦‡ii †Kv‡bv ¸Y ev kw³ hLb AvKvi cvq ZLb Zuv‡K †èZv ev †è‡èx e‡j| †hgbÑ eªþv, weòz I wke| Ck¦‡ii wZbwU cÖavb K‡g©i Rb¨ wZbwU cÖavb i~c | eªþv i~‡c Ck¦i m„wó K‡ib, weòz i~‡c cvjb K‡ib Ges wke i~‡c Rxe I RvMwZK e¯‘ asm K‡i fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡ib| †èx yMv© Ck¦‡ii kw³i~c | mi¯Zx †èx i~‡c Ck¦i Avgv‡ì we`¨v `vb K‡ib|

f‡³iv †è-†èxi c~Rv K‡ib| Zuv‡ì ¯Íe¯‘wZ K‡i Zvu‡ì Kv‡Q we‡kl we‡kl cÖv_©bv Rvbvb|

Gi ga¨ w`‡q cÖkœ Rv‡M : Zvn‡j wK Ck¦i eû ? G cÖ‡kœi DËi n‡”Q : bv| wZwb GK I AwØZxq| wZwb wbivKvi| Avevi wZwbB mvKvi| FM&‡e‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔGKs m`& wecÖv enyav e`wšÍÕ (1|64|46) GK eªþ‡KB wecªMY eû bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| wKsev ÔGKs mšÍs eûav KíqwšÍÕ (1|114|5) GK Ck¦i‡KB mvay-m‡šÍiv eû bv‡g Wv‡Kb Ges Dcvmbv K‡ib| †hfv‡eB Dcvmbv Kiv †nvK-bv †Kb, meB Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv| meB Zuvi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq|

kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZvq ejv n‡q‡Q †h Ñ

1. hviv Ab¨ †èZvq fw³gvb n‡q kÖ×vi m‡½ Zuv‡ì c~Rv K‡i, Zviv Ck¦‡iiB c~Rv K‡i| (9/23)

2. Ck¦iB mKj hÁ ev c~Rvi cÖvcK I dj`vZv| (9/24)

3. †h Avgv‡K †hfv‡e Dcvmbv K‡i, Avwg Zv‡K †mfv‡eB mš—yó Kwi| gvby‡liv wewfbœfv‡e g~jZ Avgvi c_‡KB AbymiY K‡i| (4/11)

myZivs †Kej wn› yag©vej¤^xiv bq, wewfbœ a‡g©i Abymvixiv wbR wbR gZ I c_ Abymv‡i GKB Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv K‡i| GB n‡jv Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡| Ck¦i wbivKvi n‡jI, ZuviB B”Qvq mvKvi i~‡c Zvui wewPÎ cÖKvk|

GKK KvR: Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ m¤ú‡K© cuvPwU hyw³ `vI|

cvV 6 : Ck¦‡ii ¯î~c m¤ú‡K© kÖxg &fMe &MxZvi †k−vK evqyh©‡gvnwMœe©i“Yt kkv¼t

cÖRvcwZ¯Í¡s cÖwcZvgnð|

b‡gv bg‡¯Í n¯‘ mn ªK…Z¡t

cybð fz‡qvnwc b‡gv bg‡¯Í||11/39

mijv_© : Zzwg hg, Zzwg AwMœ, Zzwg ei“Y I P› ª| ZzwgB eªþv, Avevi eªþviI ªóv Zzwg| †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi Kwi nvRvievi, Avevi evievi †Zvgv‡K bg¯‹vi|

e¨vL¨v : kÖxg &fMe &MxZvi wek¦i~c `k©b †hvM bvgK GKv`k Aa¨v‡q ARy©b kÖxK…‡òi D‡Ï‡k¨ G Dw³ K‡i‡Qb| kÖxK…ò ¯^qs Ck¦i| GLv‡b †mB Ck¦‡ii ¯î~c cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| hg, AwMœ, ei“Y P› ª cÖf…wZ †èZv‡K „óvšÍ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q Zuviv Ck¦‡iiB GK-GKwU i~c| wZwbB m„wói †èZv eªþv Avevi wZwb eªþviI ªóv| GLv‡b Ck¦‡ii m„wó Kivi kw³mn Amxg kw³i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|

6

mKj †èZvi kw³ ZuviB kw³| wZwb me©kw³gvb| wZwb wbivKvi| Avevi wZwbB mvKvi| G gnvkw³ai Abvw` AbšÍ Ck¦i‡K ZvB evievi bg¯‹vi Rvwb‡q cig kÖ×v cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|

kãv_© :

hg Ñ g„Zzï †èZv| AwMœ Ñ †ZR-Gi †èZv| ei“Y Ñ Rj I AvKv‡ki †èZv| kkv¼ Ñ Puv`| cÖRvcwZ Ñ eªþv| cÖRv-m„wó| myZivs cÖRvcwZ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q m„wói †èZv eªþv‡K; A_©vr Ck¦i †h i~‡c m„wó K‡ib Zuvi bvg cÖRvcwZ| cÖRvcwZ eªþviB Aci bvg|

cÖwcZvgn Ñ wcZvi wcZv= wcZvgn; eªþv‡K wcZvgn ejv nq| cÖwcZvgn gv‡b wcZvg‡ni wcZv| GLv‡b Ck¦i‡K wcZvgn A_v©r eªþviI wcZv ev ªóv ejv n‡q‡Q|

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki : 1. whwb m„wó K‡ib wZwb .................|

2. Ck¦‡ii †Kv‡bv ................ †bB|

3. RxeRMr‡K i¶v I cÖwZcvj‡bi †èZv n‡jb ..............|

4. Avgvi gv‡S †Zvgvi cÖKvk ZvB G‡Zv .................|

5. †ÎZvhy‡M b¨vq I mZ¨ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ AeZxY© n‡qwQ‡jb .............|

Wvb cvk †_‡K kã ev evK¨vsk wb‡q evg cv‡ki mv‡_ wgj Ki :

evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. mKj m„wói †cQ‡b AeZvi I †è-†èx

2. Avgiv Ck¦‡ii Aw¯ÍZ¡ eû bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb

3. Ck¦‡ii mvKvi i~c n‡jv Dcvmbv K‡ib

4. GK eªþ‡KB wecÖMY Abyfe Kwi

GK Amxg kw³ weivR Ki‡Q

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi ms‡¶‡c DËi `vI :

1. ÔmKj m„wói g~‡j Ck¦iÕÑ K_vwU „óvš— w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|

2. c„w_ex‡Z Ck¦i †Kb AeZvii~‡c Avwef~©Z nb ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

3. ÔCk¦i eûi~‡c Avgv‡ì m¤§y‡LB Av‡QbÕ Ñ ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì Dw³wU „óvšÍ w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|

4. Ck¦‡ii mvKvi i~c D`vniY w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|

Ck¦‡ii m¦i~c


7

wb‡Pi cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI : 1. Ck¦‡ii ¯î~c D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. Ôme mvKvi i~c GKB Ck¦‡ii wewfbœ cÖKvkÕ Ñ Dw³wUi Zvrch© we‡k−lY Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. Ck¦i kãwUi A_© Kx ?

K. Ávb L. cÖfy M. ¯‘wZ N. Zcm¨v

2. †KvbwUi AvKvi Av‡Q ?

K. evqy L. Av‡jv M. kã N. MvQcvjv

3. Ck¦‡ii c„w_ex‡Z AeZvii~‡c Avwef©~Z nIqvi KviY Ñ

i. `y‡ói `gb ii. Rx‡ei Kj¨vY iii. †mŠ›`h© Dc‡fvM

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ¯ú›`b cÖwZw`b mKv‡j Ggb GKwU MÖš’ cvV K‡i we`¨vj‡q hvq †hwU Dc‡`kg~jK Ges †hLv‡b i‡q‡Q Kg©, Ávb I fw³i GK Ac~e© mgšq|

4. ¯ú›`b cÖwZw`b †Kvb MÖš’wU cvV K‡i ?

K. ivgvqY L. gbmvg½j M. kªxkªxPÊx N. kªxg`&fMe`&MxZv

5. D³ MÖš’ cv‡Vi d‡j ¯ú›`b Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ñ

i. AvZ¥v Awebk¦i ii. Kg© Z¨vM bq Avmw³ Z¨vM iii. Ck¦‡ii ¯î~c


K) i I ii L) ii I iii

M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

8

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. AwbZv ivwb M„‡n j²x‡èxi weMÖn ’vcb K‡i wbqwgZ fw³c~Y© g‡b Avivabv K‡ib| wKš—y ZviB cÖwZ‡ekx wkjv‡èx M„‡n †MŠi-wbZvB-Gi weMÖn ¯’vcb K‡i wbqwgZ kª×vf‡i c~Rv K‡ib| Zv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡qivI †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì AbyKiY K‡i| Zv‡ì msmv‡i i‡q‡Q m`v myL I kvwš—|

K. Ck¦‡ii c~Y© AeZvi †K ?

L. Ck¦i Kxfv‡e Rxe I RM‡Zi Ici cÖfyZ¡ K‡ib ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. AwbZv ivwb I wkjv‡èxi Avivabvq Ck¦‡ii †Kvb i~cwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv †Zvgvi cwVZ wel‡qi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. AwbZv ivwb I wkjv‡èxi Avivabvq ÔweMÖ‡ni wfbœZv _vK‡jI g~jZ Ck¦‡iiB c~Rv Kiv nqÕ-Dw³wUi gg©v_© †Zvgvi cwVZ welqe¯‘i Av‡jv‡K we‡k −lY Ki|

Ck¦‡ii m¦i~c


9

wØZxq Aa¨vq

ag©MÖš’ ag©MÖ‡š’ a‡g©i K_v _v‡K, gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi K_v _v‡K| Ck¦‡ii gvnvZ¥¨, †è-†èxi DcvL¨vb, mgvR I Rxeb m¤ú‡K© bvbv Dc‡`kg~jK Kvwnbx cÖf…wZ ag©MÖ‡š’i welqe¯‘| ag©MÖš’ cvV Ki‡j Avgv‡ì Kj¨vY nq| †e`, Dcwbl`, cyivY, ivgvqY, gnvfviZ, kÖxg`&fMe`&MxZv, kÖxkÖxPÊx cÖf…wZ Avgv‡ì ag©MÖš’| †e` Avgv‡ì Avw` ag©MÖš’| G Aa¨vq †_‡K Avgiv ms‡¶‡c cyivY I kÖxkÖxPÊx m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv Ñ

• cyiv‡Yi A_© I aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• cyiv‡Yi msw¶ß cwiwPwZ I welqe¯‘ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi Ask wn‡m‡e kÖxkÖxPÊxi cwiPq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• kÖxkÖxPÊxi GKwU Kvwnbx eY©bv Ki‡Z I Zvi wk¶v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• ag©vPi‡Y I ˆbwZKZv‡ev‡a cyiv‡Yi cÖfve we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvie

• cyiv‡Y wea„Z wk¶vi gva¨‡g mr Rxeb hvc‡b DØy× ne|

cvV 1 : cyivY wn› ya‡g©i D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’ ‡jvi g‡a¨ cyivY Ab¨Zg| ÔcyivYÕ kãwUi A_© n‡”Q cyivZb ev cÖvPxb| wKš—y GLv‡b cyivY kãwU‡K we‡kl A‡_© eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cyivY n‡”Q we‡kl êwkó¨c~Y© GK †kÖwYi ag©MÖš’| †mLv‡b m„wó I †èZv‡ì DcvL¨vb, Fwl I ivRv‡ì esk, c„w_exi †fŠ‡MvwjK cwiwPwZ, Zx_©gvnvZ¥¨, `vb, eªZ, Zcm¨v, Avqy‡e©` (wPwKrmvkv¯¿) cÖf…wZi ga¨ w`‡q †e`wfwËK wn› yag© I mgv‡Ri bvbv K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| cyivY ej‡Z GKwUgvÎ MÖš’ †evSvq bv| cyivY eû MÖ‡š’i mgwó| myZivs cyivY‡K ïay MÖš’ bv e‡j ejv DwPZ MÖš’vewj|

10

gnvfvi‡Zi iPwqZv gnwl© K…òˆØcvqb e¨vm‡è cyivYmg~‡niI iPwqZv| Mí ejvi Q‡j cyivY¸‡jv iwPZ| gvbyl Mí ïb‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| cyiv‡Y Mí †kvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †m M‡íi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q ag©Rxeb I ˆbwZK wk¶v †Ìqv| gvbyl‡K Kj¨vYKi my›ì Rxeb m¤ú‡K© M‡íi gva¨‡g Dc‡`k I bxwZ wk¶v cÖ`vb cyiv‡Yi g~j welqe¯‘| cyiv‡Yi msL¨v A‡bK| Z‡e cÖavb cÖavb cyiv‡Yi msL¨v AvVvi| GB AvVviwU cyivY n‡”Q Ñ (1) eªþ cyivY (2) cÙ cyivY (3) weòz cyivY (4) wke cyivY ev evqy cyivY (5) fvMeZ cyivY (6) bvi` cyivY (7) gvK©‡Êq cyivY (8) AwMœ cyivY (9) fwel¨ cyivY (10) eªþ‰eeZ© cyivY (11) eivn cyivY (12) wj½ cyivY (13) ¯‹›` cyivY (14) evgb cyivY (15) K~g© cyivY (16) grm¨ cyivY (17) Miyo cyivY (18) eªþvÐ cyivY| G cyivY¸‡jv Abymi‡Y wKQz Dc-cyivYI iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb- weòz a‡g©vËi cyivY|

cyiv‡Yi g‡a¨ wZbRb †èZvi gvnvZ¥¨ we‡klfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Giv n‡jb Ñ eªþv, weòz I wke|

GKK KvR : cyivYmg~‡ni bvg †jL|

bZzb kã : gvK©‡Êq, eªþ‰eeZ©, eivn, ¯‹›`, evgb, K~g©, Mi“o|

cvV 2 : cyiv‡Yi welqe¯‘

cyivY bvbv êwk‡ó¨ wewkó| kv‡¯¿ cyiv‡Yi êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q Ñ

mM©ð cÖwZmM©ð es‡kv gš^šÍivwY P|

eskvbyPwiZs ˆPe cyivYs cÂj¶Yg& || (evqycyivY)

A_©vr cyiv‡Yi cuvPwU êwkó¨ - mM©, cÖwZmM©, esk, gš^vš—i I eskvbyPwiZ| mM© gv‡b m„wó| Kxfv‡e Rxe RM‡Zi m„wó n‡jv, M‡íi AvKv‡i Zv cyiv‡Y Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZmM© gv‡b cybivq m„wó| Rxe RM‡Zi mewKQzi webvk nIqvi ci Avevi bZzb K‡i mewKQz m„wó nq| G‡KB e‡j cÖwZmM©| †èZv I Fwl‡ì eY©bvB n‡jv esk| G‡KKevi m„wói ci Zv aŸsm nq Ges Zvi ’‡j bZzb Ôm„wóÕ †R‡M I‡V| cÖwZwU m„wói Avw` cyiyl n‡jb gby|

Gfv‡e †PŠÏRb gbyi Kvj AwZµvš— n‡q‡Q| GK gby †_‡K Av‡iK gbyi Kv‡ji c~e© ch©š— mgq‡K ejv nq gšš—i| Avi eskvbyPwiZ n‡”Q †èZv, Fwl ev weL¨vZ ivRv‡ì RxebPwiZ| G Qvov cyiv‡Y i‡q‡Q eY©vkÖg ag©, AvPvi Abyôvb, kÖv×,

ag©MÖš’


11

`vb, c~Rv, eªZ I Zx_©¯’v‡bi eY©bvmn A‡bK welq| †gvUK_v, cyiv‡Yi g‡a¨ †mKv‡ji ag© Ges Rxe‡bi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| Avgv‡ì ag© Ges Rxe‡b cyiv‡Yi ¸iyZ¡¡ Acwimxg| KZ Mí, KZ DcvL¨vb, KZ Dc‡`k, Rxe‡bi DÌvb I cZ‡bi KZ K_v †h cyiv‡Y i‡q‡Q Zv e‡j †kl Kiv hvq bv|

GKK KvR : cyiv‡Yi welqe¯‘mg~n wPwýZ Ki|

bZzb kã : mM©, cÖwZmM©, gš^š—i, eY©vkÖg|

cvV 3 : ag©vPiY I ˆbwZKZvq cyivY Avgv‡ì cÖvZ¨wnK Ges mvgvwRK Rxe‡b cyiv‡Yi ¸iyZ¡¡ Acwimxg| cÖvPxb HwZ‡n¨ cyivY¸‡jv ag©kv‡¯¿i gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ| †cŠivwYK ag©g‡Z mZ¨, Awnsmv, ¶gv, kvwš— I Z¨vM gvbyl‡K †kÖôZg Avm‡b cÖwZwôZ K‡i| Avi Gme ¸Y‡K DcRxe¨ K‡iB bvbv Mí, DcvL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g Rxeb‡K my›ì Kivi Dc‡`kvewj i‡q‡Q cyivYkv‡¯¿| †m mg¯Í Dc‡`kvewj Avgv‡ì bxwZ‡eva‡K mRvM Kwi‡q †`q| a‡g©i c‡_ Pj‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| memgq Ck¦i‡K ¯§iY Kiv Avg‡ì KZ©e¨| Zvn‡j cvc Avgv‡ì ¯úk© Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| cyY¨c‡_ _vK‡j g„Zz i ci Avgiv ¯^‡M©i weòz‡jv‡K Mgb Ki‡Z cvie| wPiš—b êw`K Av`k©, G‡Kk¦iev`, †jŠwKK AvPviwbôv, RvwZ‡f‡ì ms¯‹vi †_‡K gyw³ cÖf…wZ cyiv‡Y Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| `¶hÁ, Ak¦‡ga hÁ, gwnlvmyi ea mn KZ eY©vX¨ Rxe‡bi DÌvb-cZ‡bi K_v †h cyiv‡Y ewY©Z i‡q‡Q Zv e‡j †kl Kiv hvq bv| †mme exiZ¡c~Y© Kvwnbx Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K my›ì I cwicvwU K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z Aby‡cÖiYv †`q|

GKK KvR : cyiv‡Yi wk¶vi gva¨‡g Rxeb‡K my›ìfv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z Kx Kx c`‡¶c †b‡e?

bZzb kã : wPiš—b, G‡Kk¦iev`, `¶hÁ, Ak¦‡ga, eY©vX¨|

cvV 4 : kÖxkªxPÊx kÖxkªxPÊx wn› yyag©vej¤^x‡ì GKwU D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’| GwU ¯^Zš¿fv‡e iwPZ nqwb| kÖxkªxPÊx n‡”Q gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi GKwU Ask| gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi 83 †_‡K 95 ch©šÍ 13wU Aa¨v‡qi bvg PÊx| gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi G AskwUi bvg wQj †èxgvnvZ¥¨| PÊx‡Z mvZkZ gš¿ Av‡Q, ZvB Gi Av‡iK bvg mßkZx | gnvfvi‡Zi Ask n‡qI MxZv †hgb c„_K MÖ‡š’i gh©v`v †c‡q‡Q, †Zgwb kÖxkÖxPÊxI gvK©‡Êq cyiv‡Yi Ask n‡qI welqe¯‘ I iPbvi ¸‡Y Avjv`v MÖ‡š’i gh©v`v †c‡q‡Q| kÖxkÖxPÊx‡Z ivRv myi_ I mgvwa ê‡kï Kvwnbx, †èx gnvgvqv, †èx `yM©v, †èx Aw¤Kv I †èx KvwjKvi D™¢e I gwngv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| yM©vc~Rv I evmšÍx c~Rvi mgq we‡klfv‡e PÊx cvV Kiv nq| MxZvi g‡Zv PÊxI GKwU wbZ¨cvV¨ MÖš’|

12

cyivY g‡Z me©cÖ_g ivRv myi_ emšÍKv‡j †èxi Avivabv ïi“ K‡ib| GRb¨ G c~Rvi bvg nq evmš—xc~Rv| eZ©gv‡b kirKv‡j †h yM©vc~Rvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq GwU g~jZ AKvj †evab| AcüZ mxZv‡K D×vi Ki‡Z ive‡Yi mv‡_ hy× Kivi Av‡M kÖxivgP›`ª kirKv‡j G c~Rvi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ‡jb| Kvjµ‡g ki‡Zi G c~RvB eZ©gv‡b AwaK ¸i“Z¡ cv‡”Q Ges kvi`xq `y‡M©vrme bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| ki‡Zi AvMgbxevZ©v wb‡q g‡Z©¨ c`vc©Y K‡ib †èx yM©v| ïK¬c‡¶i lôx, mßgx, Aógx, begx wZw_‡Z †èx Ae¯’vb K‡ib Avgv‡ì c„w_ex‡Z|

PÊx‡K wZbwU cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v - 1. cÖ_g PwiZ 2. ga¨g PwiZ Ges 3. DËg PwiZ|

`jxq KvR : cyivYg‡Z `yM©vc~Rv g~jZ emš—Kv‡j AbywôZ n‡jI kvi`xq `y‡M©vrmeB eZ©gv‡b AwaK mgv`„Z I cÖPwjZ nIqvi K‡qKwU KviY †jL|

bZzb kã : †evab, PwiZ|

cvV 5 : kÖxkªxPÊxi welqe¯‘ cyivKv‡j ˆPÎ es‡k myi_ bv‡g GK ivRv wQ‡jb| GKevi wZwb kÎy Øviv AvµvšÍ n‡q ivR¨Pz¨Z nb| ZLb ivRv myi_ ivR¨ †Q‡o e‡b e‡b Ny‡i †eov‡Z jvM‡jb| Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z wZwb †gav bv‡g GK gywbi AvkÖ‡g G‡jb| Zuvi g‡b †R‡M iBj nviv‡bv iv‡Rï Rb¨ ytL‡eva Avi cÖRv‡ì Rb¨ ggZv| GKB mg‡q †mB e‡b G‡jb mgvwa bvgK GK êk¨| eëmv K‡i wZwb cÖPzi abm¤ú` K‡i‡Qb| wKš—y Zuvi ¿x I cyÎMY Zv Amr c‡_ e¨q Ki‡Z Pvq| wZwb evav w`‡q‡Qb e‡j Zuvi ¿x I cyÎiv Zuv‡K Acgvb K‡i‡Q| wZwb g‡bi `yt‡L e‡b P‡j G‡m‡Qb| wKš—y Zuv‡K hviv Acgvb K‡i‡Q, Kó w`‡q‡Q, wZwb Zv‡ì fzj‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| msmvi †Q‡o G‡mI Zv‡ì Rb¨ Zuvi Lye Kó n‡”Q| †Kb GB Kó, †Kb GB Aš—‡ii Uvb ?

ivRv myi_ Ges mgvwa êk¨ yR‡b yR‡bi g‡bi K_v Rvb‡jb| yR‡bB mge¨_x| yR‡b GKmv‡_ †M‡jb †gav gywbi Kv‡Q| wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †Kb Ggb nq? ZLb gywb ej‡jb, GUv RM‡ZiB wbqg| Gi bvg gvqv| Avi GB gvqv gnvgvqvi cÖfve| Z‡e cÖmbœ n‡j gnvgvqv gvby‡li g½j K‡ib Ges gyw³I cÖ`vb K‡ib|

ivRv myi_ ZLb gnwl© †gavi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb, †K GB gnvgvqv, Kx Zuvi ¯î~c? †gav ej‡Z jvM‡jb, GB RMr gnvgvqvi g~wZ© n‡jI wZwb wbZ¨, wZwb wPišÍb| Zuvi aŸsm †bB| wZwb Avgv‡ì mKj wec` †_‡K i¶v K‡ib|

ag©MÖš’


13

†gav gywb AviI e‡jb †h GKB †èx gnvgvqv, yM©v, Aw¤Kv I KvwjKv i~‡c Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Qb| Amyi ev ˆ`Z¨‡ì webvk K‡i kvwš— ’vcb K‡i‡Qb| †èZviv Zuv‡K ¯‘wZ K‡i kÖ×v Rvwb‡q‡Qb| ivRv myi_ I mgvwa êk¨ †gav gywbi Kv‡Q †_‡K †èxi G gvnvZ¥¨ I †èxi c~Rvc×wZ wk‡L †bb| Gici Zviv `yR‡b wg‡j †èxi g„b¥qx g~wZ© wbgv©Y K‡i c~Rv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| †èx cÖmbœ nb| †èxi K…cvq ivRv myi_ Zvi ivR¨ wd‡i cvb| Avi mgvwa êk¨ †èxi Kv‡Q wKQzB Pvb bv| abm¤ú‡ì †gvn Zuvi ~i n‡q †M‡Q| wZwb Pvb ytL †_‡K gyw³, Pvb Aš—‡ii kw³| †èxi K…cvq mgvwa êk¨ kvwš— I gyw³ jvf K‡ib|

hv †èx me©f~‡Zly kw³i~‡cY msw ’Zv | bg¯Í‰m¨ bg¯Í‰m¨ bg¯Í‰m¨ b‡gv bgt|| (PÊx 5| 32,33,I 34)

A_©vr †h †èx mKj Rx‡e kw³ i~‡c AwawôZv, Zuv‡K bg¯‹vi,bg¯‹vi, bg¯‹vi|

GKK KvR : ivRv myi_ Ges mgvwa êk¨ †h Kvi‡Y Ni †Q‡o‡Qb †m KviY¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki|

bZzb kã : cÖmbœ, gvqv, wPiš—bx|

cvV 6 : gwnlvmyi ea

kÖxkÖxPÊx ev gnvgvqv †èZvmn gvbeKzj‡K wZwb †èZv‡ì bvbv wec` †_‡K i¶v K‡ib|

G cÖm‡½ GKwU Kvwnbx eY©bv Kiv n‡jv| eûKvj c~‡e© †èZv I Amyi‡ì g‡a¨ GKevi fxlY hy× ev‡a| ZLb †èivR B›`ª, Avi ˆ`ZïvR gwnlvmyi| `vb‡eiv †èZv‡ì civwRZ Kij| gwnlvmy‡ii Lye Avb›`| emj ¯^‡M©i wmsnvm‡b|

¯^M©nviv †èZviv †èivR B‡›`ªi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖ_‡g †M‡jb eªþvi Kv‡Q| eªþv †èZv‡ì yt‡Li K_v ïb‡jb| weòz I wke †hLv‡b e‡m K_vevZ©v ej‡Qb, †mLv‡b wM‡q Dfq‡K e›`bv K‡i †èZv‡ì yt‡Li K_v Rvbv‡jb| eªþvi gy‡L Ggb gg©vwšÍK K_v ï‡b weòz Avi g‡nk¦i cÖ_‡g e¨w_Z n‡jb, Zvici µz×g~wZ© aviY Ki‡jb| eªþv, weòz I wkemn Ab¨vb¨ †èZv‡ì kixi †_‡K fq¼i †ZR †ei n‡jv| †mB †ZR GKwÎZ n‡q GK wè¨ bvixg~wZ©i m„wó n‡jv| BwbB †èx `yM©v| Zvici †èMY Zvu‡K bvbvb A¯¿ I Aj¼vi `vb Ki‡jb| Gfv‡e `yM©v †èx Ac~e© mv‡R †m‡R DV‡jb| ZLb wMwiivR wngvjq †èxi evn‡bi Rb¨ w`‡jb wmsn| †èZvMY Avb‡›` RqaŸwb w`‡jb, gywbiv †èx¯Íe Ki‡jb| Amyiiv †èxi †mB fxlY MR©b ï‡b Zvui Awfgy‡L ZvovZvwo ªyZ‡e‡M Pjj| Zvici ïiy n‡jv †èZv I Amyi‡ì g‡a¨ fxlY hy×| gwnlvmy‡ii †mbvcwZ wP¶yi I Pvgimn PZzi½ †mbv wb‡q hy× Ki‡Z jvMj| †èx `yM©v wKš—y GKv| Zv‡Z Kx? i‡Y gË gnvkw³gvb †èxi wbtk¦v‡m j¶ j¶ ˆmb¨ m„wó n‡jv| ZLb G‡K G‡K wP¶zi, Pvgimn cÖvq mK‡jB †èxi

14

A¯¿vNv‡Z wbnZ n‡jv| Zvici hy‡× bv‡gb gwnlvmyi wb‡R| †èx yM©v Avi gwnlvmy‡ii g‡a¨ fxlY hy× nq| Ae‡k‡l †èx k~jvNv‡Z gwnlvmyi‡K ea K‡ib| †èZviv Zuv‡ì ¯^M©ivR¨ Avevi wd‡i cvb|

B› ª I Ab¨vb¨ †èZv †èx yM©vi ¯Íe Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|

bZzb kã : eªþ‡jvK, µz×g~wZ©, PZzi½, wMwiivR|

cvV 7 : ï¤¢-wbï¤¢ ea Av‡iKevi ï¤¢ bv‡gi GK Amyi †èZv‡ì civwRZ K‡i ¯^M© `Lj K‡i †bq| †m ¯^M,© gZ© I cvZv‡ji Aaxk¦i n‡q e‡m| Zvi fvB wbky¤¢, †mbvcwZ PÊ, gyÊ, i³exR cÖwZôv K‡i Îv‡mi ivRZ¡| Avevi †èZviv †èxi ¯Íe K‡i †èx‡K cÖmbœ K‡ib| Gevi †èxi †µva †_‡K Avwef~©Z nb †èx Aw¤Kv| d‡j Zvui kixi Kv‡jv n‡q hvq| wZwb cwiwPZ nb KvwjKv bv‡g| GB KvwjKv ev Aw¤Kvi Kv‡Q ï¤¢, wbï¤¢, i³exR, PÊ I gyÊ civwRZ I wbnZ nq|

†èZviv cybivq ¯M©ivR¨ wd‡i cvb| Gfv‡e ïay ¯^‡M©i †èZv‡ìB bq, mgMÖ Rxe-RM‡Zi Kj¨vY mvab K‡ib gnv‡èx gnvgvqv|

`jxq KvR : KvwjKv I Aw¤Kvi nv‡Z wbnZ Amyi‡ì GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

bZzb kã : Aaxk¦i, Îvm, Aw¤Kv, KvwjKv, i³exR|

cvV 8 : kÖxkÖxPÊxi wk¶v kÖxkÖxPÊxi cÖ_g Pwi‡Z kÖxweòz gay-ˆKUf‡K ea K‡i kvwš— ’vcb K‡i‡Qb| ga¨g Pwi‡Z †èZv‡ì †ZR †_‡K m„ó †èx`yM©v gwnlvmyimn Amyi‡ì nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| †èZviv wd‡i †c‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì ¯M©ivR¨| DËi Pwi‡Z ï¤¢ wbï¤¢mn Amyi‡ì ea K‡i‡Qb †èx Aw¤^Kv I †èx KvwjKv| †èx yM©v Ck¦‡ii kw³i cÖZxK| Dwj−wLZ G Kvwnbx `ywU †_‡K Avgiv †ek K‡qKwU wk¶v cvB|

kÖxkÖxPÊx Avgv‡ì kw³ I mvnm †hvMvq| †èx `yM©v Ab¨vq‡K `gb K‡i‡Qb| kÖxkÖxPÊxi GB wk¶v AbyKiY K‡i AvgivI Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× i“‡L ùvove| ¯M©Pz Z †èZvM‡Yi HK¨B Zuv‡ì Avevi ¯M© wdwi‡q w`‡q‡Q| †èZv‡ì mw¤§wjZ †ZR ev kw³B n‡”Q gnvgvqv kÖxkÖxPÊx| GLv‡b GKZvB kw³i cÖgvY †g‡j| cvkvcvwk bvixkw³i DÌvb N‡U‡Q| wn› ya‡g© bvix‡K we‡klfv‡e gh©v`v †`qv n‡q‡Q| we‡klfv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| kÖxkÖxPÊx A_©vr †èx yM©v gvZ…kw³i~‡c AwawôZ| wZwb bvixkw³i cÖZxK| gv‡qi g‡Zv Ki“Yvgqx|

kÖxkÖxPÊxi e›`bvi gva¨‡g kÎ“i Kej †_‡K †`k I mgvR‡K i¶v Kivi Aby‡cÖiYv cvIqv hvq| mKj cÖKvi ytL-`yM©wZi AemvbK‡í Zuvi Avivabv Kiv nq| mKj cÖKvi yM©wZbvwkbx e‡jB wZwb kªx`yM©v| †èx‡K Avgiv GB e‡j cÖYvg Kwi :

GKK KvR : gwnlvmyi ea Kvwnbxi wk¶v wPwýZ K‡i †Zvgvi cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Zvi cÖfve eY©bv Ki|

ag©MÖš’


15

me©g½jg½‡j¨ wk‡e me©v_©mvwa‡K ki‡Y¨ Î¨¤^‡K †MŠwi bvivqwY b‡gvn¯‘ †Z \

ÔZzwg mKj cÖKvi Kj¨vY`vwqbx| Zzwg g½jgqx, Zzwg me©cÖKvi Afxóc~Y©KvwiYx| Zzwg RM‡Zi kiYf~Zv, Zzwg wÎbqbv, Zzwg †MŠix, Zzwg bvivqYx| †n †èx, †Zvgv‡K cÖYvg Kwi|Õ

†èx `yM©v kiYvMZ‡K i¶v K‡ib| wZwb mKj cÖKvi g½j mvab K‡ib| AvgivI †èxi G Av`k© AbymiY Kie| kiYvMZ‡K i¶v Kie| Amnv‡qi cv‡k wM‡q uvove| g‡bi wfZ‡i emevmKvix cïi kw³‡K webvk Kie| mgv‡R M‡o Zzje Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iva, M‡o Zzje Av`k© g~j¨‡eva I my›ì mgvR|

`jxq KvR : ÔkÖxkÖxPÊxi wk¶vB e¨w³i Amyikw³‡K webvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|Õ D`vniYmn hyw³ `vI|

bZzb kã : Afxóc~Y©KvwiYx, kiYf~Zv, wÎbqb, †MŠwi, yM©wZbvwkbx |

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki : 1. cyivY k‡ãi A_© ........................|

2. PÊx n‡”Q ................ cyiv‡Yi GKwU Askwe‡kl|

3. evmš—x c~Rvi mgq ....................... cvV Kiv nq|

4. myi_ .................. es‡ki ivRv wQ‡jb|

5. hv †èx .................... kw³i~‡cb msw¯’Zv|

Wvb cvk †_‡K kã ev evK¨vsk wb‡q evg cv‡ki mv‡_ wgj Ki:

evg cvk Wvb cvk 1. cyiv‡Y gvby‡li Rb¨ mßkZx 2. kªxkªxPÊxi Aci bvg †e` 3. gnvgvqv mKj‡K Kj¨vYKi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q 4. †èZv‡ì †ZRtcyÄ n‡Z GK wè¨ bvixg~wZ©i m„wó nq 5. wn› y‡ì Avw` ag©MÖ‡š’i bvg n‡”Q kªx †MŠiv½ wec` †_‡K i¶v K‡ib


1. ag©MÖ‡š’i aviYvwU D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. cyiv‡Yi g~j wk¶v Kxfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 3. ivRv myi_ †Kb ivR¨nviv n‡jb ? 4. gwnlvmyi e‡ai D‡Ïk¨ eywS‡q †jL|

16

wb‡Pi cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI: 1. cyivY cv‡Vi Avek¨KZv e¨vL¨v Ki|

2. cyivY ïay GKwU welq wb‡qB iwPZ nqwb Ñ K_vwU hyw³ w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|

3. kªxkªxPÊxi wk¶v Kxfv‡e mgv‡Ri g½‡ji Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hvqÑ eywS‡q †jL|

4. kªxkªxPÊx cv‡Vi gvnvZ¥¨ mgvRRxe‡bi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. cyiv‡Yi cÖavb êwkó¨ KqwU ? K. cuvP L. evi M. AvVvi N. GKzk 2. ¯M© K_vwUi A_© Kx ? K. myL L. kvwš— M. cyY¨ N. m„wó 3. ag©MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z nq Ñ

i. Ck¦‡ii evYx I gvnvZ¥¨ ii. mgvRRxe‡bi Rb¨ g½jRbK Dc‡`k iii. †è‡èxi Kvwnbx


K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

4. gnvgvqv †K ?

K. yM©v L. j²x

M. mi¯Zx N. kxZjv

5. †mŠwg cÖwZw`b kªxkªxPÊx cvV K‡i| G‡Z mvivw`b Zvi gb fv‡jv _v‡K| ZvQvov †m g‡b K‡i PÊx cvV Kivi d‡j Zvi I cwiev‡ii g½j nq| †mŠwg cÖwZw`b kªxkªxPÊx cvV K‡i| KviY Gi gva¨‡g Ñ

i. Ck¦ifw³i wb`k©b i‡q‡Q ii. wec` †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi c_cÖ k©K iii. ag© iw¶Z nq|

b‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ?

K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

ag©MÖš’


17

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| mÄq ya©l© I wbôzi cÖK…wZi n‡jI mš—vbermj| †m mvgvb¨ e¨vcv‡iB ivMvwšZ n‡q ZzjKvjvg KvÊ evavq| wkï †_‡K e„× mevi m‡½ ye©ënvi K‡i| Zvi ¯^v‡_© AvNvZ jvM‡j gviai ch©š— K‡i| Ab¨vqfv‡e A‡bï m¤ú` †K‡o †bq| GmKj Kvi‡Y mK‡jB Zv‡K AcQ›` K‡i| A_P cÖPzi `vba¨vb K‡i e‡j Zv‡K Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZviB †Q‡j †èwRr Avevi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| †m AgvwqK I `qvjy Ges c‡ivcKvi I mgvR‡mevg~jK KvR Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| †èwRr evevi A‰bwZK Kg©KvÊ G‡Kev‡iB cQ›` K‡i bv| Ab¨vq †`L‡jB cÖwZev` K‡i e‡j cÖvqB evevi mv‡_ Ø›Ø nq|

K. kªxkªxPÊx‡Z KZ¸‡jv gš¿ Av‡Q ?

L. kªxkªxPÊx Kxfv‡e cyiv‡Yi Aš—M©Z ?

M. mÄ‡qi Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ gwnlvmy‡ii Pwi‡Îi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|

N. ÔkªxkªxPÊxi wk¶v †èwRr-Gi Pwi‡Î A‡bKUvB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡QÕÑK_vwU g~j¨vqb Ki|

18

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

wn›`ya‡g©i ¯i~c I wek¦vm wn› yag© GKwU mycÖvPxb ag©| G a‡g©i cªwZôvZv wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv GKRb gvÎ e¨w³‡K wPwýZ Kiv hvq bv| eû mva‡Ki mvabvq G ag© weKwkZ n‡q Pj‡Q| Ck¦‡ii ¯î~c, Zuvi cÖwZ wek¦vm, Kg©ev`, Rb¥všÍi, AeZviZË¡, †è- †èxi c~Rv, †gv¶jvf, bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v‡eva - G¸‡jv wn›`ya‡g©i cÖavb êwkó¨| GmKj êwk‡óï ga¨ w`‡qB wn› ya‡g©i ¯i~c Dcjwä I e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|

Avevi wn› ya‡g©i ¯î~c e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgiv wn› ya‡g©i wfwË¯î~c KwZcq wek¦vm I ag©K…‡Zï m‡½ cwiwPZ nB|

G Aa¨v‡q ywU cwi‡”Q‡` h_vµ‡g wn› ya‡g©i ¯i~c I ag©wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|


• wn› ya‡g©i ¯i~c-êwkó¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvie • wn› ya‡g©i êwkó¨ wn‡m‡e Ck¦iZË¡, Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ fw³ I wek¦v‡mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • wn› ya‡g©i KwZcq †gŠwjK wek¦v‡mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie (†hgb-Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—i,

RM‡Zi Kj¨vY Ges †gv¶) • ag©K…Z¨ wn‡m‡e Dcvmbv c×wZ, c~Rv, ag©vPvi I ms¯‹vi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • ag©wek¦vm wn‡m‡e Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—i- aviYv `ywU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • Kg©dj I Rb¥vš—‡ii ga¨Kvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • Kg©dj I Rb¥vš—i m¤ú‡K© GKwU agx©q DcvL¨vb I Zvi wk¶v eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie • agx©q wk¶vi Av‡jv‡K bvixi gh©v`vi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • bvixi gh©v`v cÖ v‡b KiYxq m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—iev‡` wek¦vm †i‡L Z¨vMx n‡q ïfK‡g© wjß _vKe • bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v I kÖ×v †cvlY Kie|


19

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q` : wn›`ya‡g©i ¯î~c

cvV 1 : wn› ya‡g©i êwkó¨

cÖ‡Z¨K a‡g©iB wbR¯^ wKQy êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q| †mB êwkó¨¸‡jv Zv‡K ¯^vZš¿ w`‡q‡Q| wn› ya‡g©iI we‡kl ZË¡,

KZ¸‡jv ag©wek¦vm I ag©K…Z¨ i‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv wn› ya‡g©i wbR¯^ êwkó¨| †hgb- Ck¦iZË¡, Ck¦‡i wek¦vm I fw³,

Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—i, AeZviev`, †gv¶jvf, Rxe I RM‡Zi Kj¨vYfvebv BZ¨vw`| Avi G êwkó¨¸‡jvi ga¨ w`‡q

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q wn› ya‡g©i ¯î~c| GLb wn› ya‡g©i ¯î~c cÖKvkK cÖavb cÖavb êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Rvbe|

Ck¦iZË¡

wn› ya‡g© Ck¦i‡K wbivKvi e‡j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb GK Ges AwØZxq- G wel‡q my „p wek¦vm e¨³ Kiv

n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb, wbivKvi Ck¦i‡K ejv nq eªþ, hLb cÖfzZ¡ K‡ib ZLb wZwb Ck¦i| Rxe‡K hLb K…cv K‡ib

ZLb Zv‡K ejv nq fMevb|

wn›`ya‡g©i we‡kl êwkó¨ GB †h, wbivKvi Ck¦i cÖ‡qvR‡b mvKvi i~c aviY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mvKvi i~c aviY K‡i

c„w_ex‡Z †b‡g Avm‡Z cv‡ib| Avgiv Rvwb, Ck¦i Gfv‡e †b‡g Avm‡j Zuv‡K AeZvi e‡j| G AeZviev`

wn› ya‡g©i we‡kl êwkó¨| Avevi Ck¦‡ii †Kv‡bv ¸Y ev kw³ AvKvi †c‡j Zvi bvg †è-†èx| G †èevÌ

wn› ya‡g©i GKwU we‡kl êwkó¨|

Avgiv Rvwb, Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥vi~‡c Ck¦i Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Rx‡ei g‡a¨B Ck¦‡ii Ask| ZvB RxegvÎB kÖ‡×q

Ges Zvi †mev Ki‡Z nq| KviY Rxe‡mev †h Ck¦‡ii †mev| Avi GLv‡bB i‡q‡Q wn› ya‡g©i ˆbwZK wk¶vi

g~jwfwË| Rxe‡K Ck¦iÁvb Ki‡j Avi †Kv‡bv Ø›Ø-msNvZ ev nvbvnvwbi cÖkœB I‡V bv| Rxe‡K Kó †Ìqvi cÖkœI

I‡V bv| KviY Rxe‡K Kó †Ìqv gv‡bB Ck¦i‡K Kó †Ìqv|

wn› yag© Abymv‡i eªþ ev Ck¦i, AeZvi, †è-†èx Ges Rxe- me wgwj‡q GK Ck¦i| GB n‡jv wn› ya‡g©i

Ck¦iZË¡|

GKK KvR : †Zvgvi Rvbv GKRb e¨w³i Rxe‡mevg~jK Kg©KvÊ eY©bv Ki|


21

†gv¶ jv‡fi Dcvq n‡”Q mKj Kg© Ck¦‡i mgc©Y Kiv| A_©vr mKj KvR Ck¦‡ii KvR g‡b K‡i m¤úv`b Kiv, †fv‡Mi AvKv•¶v cwiZ¨vM K‡i Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vi ga¨ w`‡q Rxeb hvcb Kiv Ges Rxe I RM‡Zi Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi KvR K‡i hvIqv|

GKK KvR : Kg©ev` aviYvwU K‡qKwU D`vniY w`‡q eywS‡q †jL|

cvV 4 I 5 : Rxe I RM‡Zi Kj¨vYfvebv wn› yag© Abymv‡i ag©vPi‡Yi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q : ÔAvZ¥‡gv¶vq RMw×Zvq P|Õ A_©vr ag©vPi‡Yi g~j j¶¨ n‡”Q wb‡Ri †gv¶jvf I RM‡Zi Kj¨vY| †Kej wb‡Ri †gv¶jv‡fi wel‡q wPš—v Ki‡jB n‡e bv| Zvn‡j Zv n‡e GKvš—B AvZ¥my‡Li wPš—v| wn› yag© †Kej wb‡Ri my‡Li wPš—v Kivi welqwU †gv‡UB Aby‡gv`b K‡i bv| AvZ¥‡gv¶ wPš—vi cvkvcvwk RM‡Zi Kj¨vY Ki‡Z n‡e| bB‡j ag©vPiY Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hv‡e| Avi †gv¶I jvf n‡e bv| myZivs Rxe I RM‡Zi Kj¨vY Kiv †gv¶jv‡fi Ab¨Zg Dcvq|

ag©K…Z¨ a‡g©i cÖ‡qvM Zvi K…Z¨ ev Dcvmbvq, ag©vPv‡i I AvPiYxq ms¯‹v‡i| wn› yag© Abymv‡i Ck¦‡ii wbivKvi i~c‡K Dcvmbv Kiv nq gš¿ R‡c I Mv‡b-KxZ©‡b| Avevi mvKvi Dcvmbv Kiv nq †è-†èxi cÖwZgv wbg©vY K‡i Zuv‡ì mywbw ©ó c~Rvwewa AbymiY K‡i c~Rv Kivi gva¨‡g|

wn› yag© PP©vi †¶‡Î wKQz ag©vPvi I ms¯‹vi cvjb Ki‡Z nq| ag©vPv‡ii g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wbZ¨Kg© I †hvMvmb, i‡q‡Q Zx_©ågY, M½v b`xmn cweÎ Rjvk‡q mœvb, AwZw_ †mev, Zzjmx †mev BZ¨vw`| ms¯‹vi n‡”Q cÖRb¥ ci¤úivq P‡j Avmv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi †¶‡Î KiYxq wKQz KvR| †hgb- Rb¥K…Z¨, weevn, A‡š— wówµqv I kÖv× BZ¨vw`|

myZivs Ck¦iZË¡, Ck¦‡i wek¦vm I fw³, KwZcq †gŠwjK aviYv I wek¦vm Ges ag©K…‡Zï ga¨ w`‡q wn›`ya‡g©i ¯i~c cÖKvk cvq|

GKK KvR : †gv¶jv‡fi K‡qKwU Dcv‡qi †¶Î D‡j−L Ki

22

wØZxq cwi‡”Q` : ag©wek¦vm

cvV 1, 2 I 3 : Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—i Avgiv Rvwb †h‡Kv‡bv ag© KZ¸‡jv ag©wek¦v‡mi Ici uvwo‡q _v‡K| H ag©wek¦vm¸‡jv Zvi wfwË| Kg©ev` I Rb¥všÍiev` wn›`ya‡g©i yÕwU cÖavb wfwË| cÖ‡Z¨K K‡g©iB kyf-Aïf †h dj Drcbœ nq †mwU Kg©KZ©v‡K Aek¨B †fvM Ki‡Z nq| PjwZ R‡b¥ Kg©d‡ji †fvM hw` †kl bv nq Zvn‡j K…ZK‡g©i dj †fv‡Mi Rb¨B gvby‡li cybt cybt Rb¥ nq| G‡KB e‡j Kg©ev`|

Avi R‡b¥i ci g„Zz , g„Zz i ci cybR©b¥-G‡KB Rb¥vš—i e‡j| Rb¥vš—‡ii †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q Kg©ev`| Rb¥všÍ‡i Kg©dj †fv‡Mi GKwU agx©q DcvL¨vb GLb eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|

A‡bK A‡bK Kvj Av‡M weòzf³ GK ivRv wQ‡jb| Zvi bvg wQj fiZ| wek¦i~‡ci Kb¨v cÂRbv‡K wZwb we‡q K‡ib| Zv‡ì msmv‡i cuvP cy‡Îi Rb¥ nq| ivRv fiZ cyÎ‡ì g‡a¨ ivR¨ fvM K‡i †`b| Gici wZwb Zcm¨vi Rb¨ e‡b Mgb K‡ib| mvabvi Øviv ivRv fiZ n‡jb mvaKfiZ - gywbfiZ|

GKw`b wZwb b`x‡Z mœvb Ki‡Z †M‡jb| †mLv‡b †`L‡Z †c‡jb GK nwiYx Rj cvb Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q| nwiYxwUi ev”Pv cÖm‡ei mgq n‡q G‡m‡Q| Ggb mgq e‡bi †fZi †_‡K wms‡ni MR©b †kvbv †Mj| f‡q nwiYx b`xi Zx‡i c‡o hvq Ges Zvi Mf© †_‡K GK ev”Pv nwi‡Yi Rb¥ nq| nwiYx g„ZyëiY K‡i| GB „k¨ †`‡L fiZgywb `qvhy³ wP‡Ë nwiYwkkywU‡K i¶vi Rb¨ wb‡q Av‡mb Zvi Avkª‡g| gvZ…nxb nwiYwkïi h‡Zœ, Av`‡i Zvi mgq Kv‡U| Gi d‡j gywbi Zcm¨v Avi iBj bv| GB nwiYwkïi wPš—v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wZwb †`nZ¨vM K‡ib| kv‡ ¿ e‡j gvbyl †hi~c wPš—v Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †`nZ¨vM K‡ib wZwb †mB iKg Rb¥jvf K‡ib| ZvB fiZgywb‡KI nwiYi~‡c Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡jv| Z‡e nwiY n‡q Rb¥v‡jI Zvui c~e©R‡b¥i Kvwnbx ¯§i‡Y wQj| ZvB nwiYRxe‡bI Zc¯^x‡ì Avkªg cÖv‡š— †_‡K ag©K_v, Zcm¨vi K_v ïb‡Z ïb‡Z †`nZ¨vM K‡i cybivq gbyl¨Rbg cÖvß nb Ges Ck¦i Avivabv K‡i Zvi AbyMÖn jvf K‡ib|

Kg©dj Aek¨B †fvM Ki‡Z nq| GB ag©xq weavb weÁvbm¤§Z| cÖ‡Z¨K Kv‡RiB GKUv KviY ev †nZz _v‡K| Avi hLbB GKUv KviY G‡m c‡o Zvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q Av‡m Kv‡Ri dj| GK evjK e„wó‡Z wf‡R VvÊv R‡j mœvb K‡i Avb›` cvq| wKš—y †m Rv‡b bv †h e„wó‡Z †fRv Ges VvÊv R‡j `xN© mgq _vK‡j Zvi AmyL n‡Z cv‡i| †m bv Rvb‡jI Kv‡Ri dj wn‡m‡e Zv‡K Amy¯’ n‡Z nq| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q K‡g©i m‡½ K‡g©i dj m¤Ühy³| Kg© Ki‡jB Kg©dj Av‡m| Avi †m Kg©dj Aek¨B Kg©KZ©v‡K †fvMI Ki‡Z nq| GB cwieZ©bnxb eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© Avgiv mevB m‡PZb ne Ges ïf-Aïf Kg© we‡ePbv K‡i Rxe‡bi c‡_ ïf K‡g©i Abykxjb Kie|

GKK KvR : Rb¥vš—‡i Kg©dj †fv‡Mi agx©q DcvL¨v‡bi wk¶v †Zvgvi Rxe‡b Kxfv‡e cÖwZdjb Ki‡e|



23

cvV 4 I 5 : bvixi gh©v`v Rxe‡b bvix-cyi“‡li Ae ’vb i‡q‡Q| cyi“‡li Kg© ’j cÖvqB _v‡K M„‡ni evB‡i| Aciw`‡K AwaKvsk bvixi Kg© ’j Zvui msmvi‡K wb‡q M‡o I‡V| R‡b¥i c‡i Kb¨v gv-evevi †mœn-h‡Zœ †e‡o I‡V, wk¶v MÖnY K‡i| weevwnZ Rxe‡b †m ¯vgxi N‡i hvq, ¯^vgxi msmvi Zv‡K †`L‡Z nq| e„× eq‡m GB gwnjv‡KB cyÎKb¨v‡ì Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| GBfv‡e mgv‡Ri GKRb bvixi wZbwU Ae ’v †`Lv hvq- Kb¨v, ea~ I gvZv| ea~ wn‡m‡e ¯vgxi msmvi †`Lv-†kvbv, †Q‡j-†g‡q‡ì jvjb-cvjb, wk¶vi eë¯’v Kiv Zvi KvR n‡q c‡o| GB Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q bvix Zvi msmviag© Ges mš—vb‡ì wk¶v, PwiÎ MV‡b Drmvn w`‡q _v‡K| GKRb Av`k© gv‡qi nv‡Z Av`k© mš—vb M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i| mš—v‡bi Kv‡Q gv‡qi g‡Zv Avi eÜz †bB| †iv‡M, †kv‡K, Avb‡›`, Drm‡e gv-B n‡”Qb mš—v‡bi †kªô Avkªq, Drmvn`vZv I Avb‡›ì Drm| Ggb gvZ…i~cx bvixi cÖwZ mš—v‡bi KZ©e¨ n‡”Q gv‡K kª×v Kiv, Zvi †mev ïkÖylv Kiv| wn›`ya‡g©i Ab¨Zg ag©kv ¿ n‡”Q gby-mswnZv| †mLv‡b msmviRxe‡b †Kgb K‡i kvwš— G‡m _v‡K Zvi eY©bv †Ìqv Av‡Q| †mLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, †h msmv‡i bvixiv Avb‡›`-Drm‡e my‡L Rxeb hvcb K‡i †m msmvi Ck¦‡ii K…cvq kvwš— mg„w×‡Z f‡i D‡V| ZvB bvix‡ì cÖwZ m`q kª×vc~Y© AvPiY a‡g©i A½ wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv|

Ab¨w`‡K wn› ya‡g© Ck¦‡ii cÖK…wZ ev kw³ n‡”Q bvix| GB kw³‡K ejv nq Av`¨vkw³ gnvgvqv| kw³ Qvov †Kv‡bv KvR nq bv| Avi †mB kw³i †èx n‡”Qb bvix| Gfv‡e bvix kw³i cÖwZ wn› yag© gh©v`v cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|

ag©MÖ‡š’ AviI ejv n‡q‡Q, Ck¦i m„wói Rb¨ wb‡R‡K yfvM Ki‡jb| GK fvM cyi“l Ges GK fvM bvix| G fvM wKš—y mgvb mgvb, †ewk ev Kg bq|

ÔAa©bvixk¦iÕ bvgK GKwU cÖwZgvq †`Lv hvq, A‡a©K wke I A‡a©K cve©Zx ( yM©v)| Gi Zvrch©I cyi“l I bvixi mgZv Ges bvixi cÖwZ c~Y© gh©v`v‡ev‡ai cÖKvk|

gnvfvi‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, †h cwiev‡i bvixi cÖwZ h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`v cÖ vb Kiv nq, †èZviv †m cwiev‡i Avb‡›` evm K‡ib| (Abykvmb ce©, 46/5)| Ab¨w`‡K †Kv‡bv cwiev‡i bvix hw` AkÖ×v cvb, Zvn‡j mg¯Í ïfKg© wbõj nq| (Abykvmb ce©, 46/6)|

bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v cÖ`k©‡bi Dcvq n‡jv, Zuv‡K cigv cÖK…wZ †èx Av`¨vkw³ gnvgvqvi Ask g‡b K‡i cÖK…Z kÖ×v cÖ k©b| ag©MÖ‡š’i Abykvmb †g‡b bvixi cÖwZ mgZvc~Y© AvPiY Kiv| m‡e©vcwi bvixi g‡aÏ AvZ¥vi~‡c Ck¦i Ae¯’vb K‡ib, ZvB bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v cÖKvk †Zv Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ gh©v`v cÖKvk|

24

wn› yag©MÖš’ mg~‡n bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v‡ev‡ai †h mKj `„óvš— i‡q‡Q, Avgiv Zv AbymiY Kie| me©‡¶‡Î mg AwaKvi bvixi cÖvc¨- G mZ¨ g‡b †i‡L Avgiv bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v cÖKv‡k DØy× ne| Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—i, bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v‡eva, Ck¦iÁv‡b Rxe‡mev, cvc-cyY¨, ¯^M© I bi‡Ki aviYv BZ¨vw` AviI A‡bK wek¦v‡mi Ici wn›`yag© cÖwZwôZ| Avi G ag©wek¦vm¸‡jvi j¶¨ n‡jv gvbyl‡K cÖK…Z gbyl¨Z¡m¤úbœ gvbyli~‡c M‡o †Zvjv Ges cwievi I mgvR‡K k„sLjvc~Y© I kvwš—gq K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ mKj‡K DØ y× Kiv|

`jxq KvR : bvix‡K Kxfv‡e h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`vq f~wlZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zvi K‡qKwU Dcvq †jL|

bZzb kã : Kg©‡hvM, gvnvZ¥¨, Aa©bvixk¦i |

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. Ck¦‡ii mvKvi i~‡c AeZiY Kiv‡K .................. ejv nq|

2. Rxe‡mev Ki‡j ........................ †mev Kiv n‡e|

3. wn› yag© g‡Z Ck¦‡ii cÖK…wZ ev kw³‡K ejv nq ...................|

4. Kg© Abymv‡i .......................... †fvM Ki‡Z nq|

5. Ck¦i fMevb ZLbB hLb Rxe‡K .......................... K‡ib|


evg cvk Wvb cvk 1. Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Ck¦i weòzf³ wQ‡jb 2. wPigyw³jvf gv‡bB n‡”Q 3. ivRv fiZ 4. gvZ…i~cx Ck¦i

Avgv‡ì‡K mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡jb AvZ¥vi~‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib †gv¶jvf cwiÎvY jvf


1. †Zvgvi cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi K‡qKwU ïfK‡g©i e¨vL¨v `vI| 2. Rb¥všÍiev` ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ? 3. fiZ gywb‡K nwiYi~‡c Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj †Kb ? 4. Kxfv‡e bvixi cÖwZ gh©v`v cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq ?

wb‡Pi cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI : 1. Ôeªþ, AeZvi, †è-†èx Ges Rxe-me wgwj‡q GK Ck¦iÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. Kg©ev` I Rb¥vš—iev` Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3. ÔAvZ¥‡gv¶vq RMw×Zvq PÕÑ ms¯‹…Z evK¨wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 4. ÔgvZ…i~cB GKRb bvixi me©‡kªô Ae¯’vbÕÑ „óvš— mnKv‡i e¨vL¨v Ki|



25

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. Ck¦i Rx‡ei g‡a¨ Kxi~‡c Ae¯’vb K‡ib ?

K. AvZ¥v L. cÖvY M. evqy N. mvKvi

2. †gv¶jv‡fi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q Ñ

i. Rx‡ei Kj¨vY Kiv ii. wb‡Ri g½‡ji Rb¨ KvR Kiv iii. RM‡Zi wnZmvab Kiv|


K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

3. cvwievwiK Rxe‡b kvwš— cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡j Aek¨ KZ©e¨ Kx ? K. e„×eq‡m gv-evev‡K †mev Kiv L. cvwievwiK ¯”QjZvi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv M. cwiev‡ii bvix m`m¨‡ì h_v‡hvM¨ AwaKvi I gh©v`v cÖwZwôZ Kiv N. AwZw_ I cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì kª×v Kiv|

wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

†mŠwgivwb GKwU ¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv K‡ib| wZwb mKj KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri mš—vb‡K mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z AZ¨š— m‡PZb| KviY wZwb Rv‡bb †h, mš—vb‡K cÖK…Z gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ gv‡qi Ae`vbB †kªô|

4. mš—vb‡K Dchy³ bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î †mŠwgivwbi KiYxq Ñ

i. Dchy³ wk¶v cÖ`vb ii. ˆbwZK PwiÎ MVb‡K ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv iii. ¯vej¤^x K‡i †Zvjv|


K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i, ii I iii

5. †mŠwgivwbi cvwievwiK Rxe‡b AvPiwYK †h Ae¯’vbwU we‡klfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv n‡jv Ñ

i. Kb¨vi~‡c ii. ea~i~‡c iii. gvZ…i~‡c

26

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K) i L) ii

M) iii N) i I ii

1. m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

Aaxievey Kg©‡K ag© Ávb K‡ib| gv-evev, fvB-†evb, AvZ¥xq-¯Rb mK‡ji Rb¨ wZwb Avw_©K, cvwievwiK wewfbœ Kv‡R mnvqZv K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb gv, †evb Ges ¿xi gh©v`v I AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e kª×vkxj| G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wZwb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wKsev m„wóKZ©vi wbKU †Kv‡bv wKQz cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib bv| Zvi aviYv gvby‡li Rb¥ GKeviB nq| cvc-cyY¨ meB G c„w_ex‡Z N‡U|

K. Ô†gv¶Õ K_vwUi gv‡b Kx ?

L. ÔRb¥vš—‡ii †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q Kg©ev`ÕÑ K_vwU e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. Aaxieveyi AvPi‡Y wn› ya‡g©i †h ˆewkó¨ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. gv, †evb I ¿xi cÖwZ Aaxieveyi AvPiY h_v_©: K_vwU †Zvgvi cwVZ Ôbvixi gh©v`vÕ wel‡qi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|



27

PZz_© Aa¨vq

wbZ¨Kg© I †hvMvmb cÖvZtKvj †_‡K ivwÎKvj ch©š— cÖwZw`‡bi Aek¨ KiYxq KvR‡K wbZ¨Kg© e‡j| wbZ¨Kg© Qq cÖKvi- cÖvZtK…Z¨, c~e©vnèK…Z¨, ga¨výK…Z¨, AcivnèK…Z¨, mvqvý K…Z¨ I ˆbkK…Z¨| G mg¯Í K‡g©i gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i kixi I gb kvš—, cweÎ, wbg©j, Kg©V I DËg fvebvq cwic~Y© _v‡K| Avgv‡`i GB †`n-gb‡K my ’ ivL‡Z mvabvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB cÖwZw`b wbqwgZ †hvMvmb Abykxjb ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| myZivs †`n‡K ejkvjx I †ivMgy³ ivL‡Z Ges wPËPvÂj¨ ~i Ki‡Z myLvmb, kjfvmb, cwð‡gvËvbvmb Abykxj‡bi DcKvwiZv Ab¯xKvh©| GB Aa¨v‡q wbZ¨Kg©mg~n I †hvMvmb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GB Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv-

• wbZ¨Kg©¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• myLvm‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie Ges Abykxjb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• myLvm‡bi cÖfve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• kjfvm‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie Ges Abykxjb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• kjfvm‡bi cÖfve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• cwð‡gvËvbvm‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie Ges Abykxjb c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• cwð‡gvËvbvm‡bi cÖfve eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• myLvmb, kjfvmb I cwð‡gvËvbvm‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Dcjwä K‡i GwU wbqwgZ Abykxj‡b DØy× ne

• myLvmb, kjfvmb I cwð‡gvËvbvmb Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvie|

28

cvV 1, 2, 3 I 4 : wbZ¨Kg©mg~n cÖvZtKvj †_‡K ivwÎ ch©š— mgqKvj‡K Qq fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v- (1) cÖvZt (2) c~e©vnè (3) ga¨vý (4) Acivnè (5) mvqvý I (6) ˆbk|

mgqKv‡ji GB QqwU wefv‡Mi w`‡K j¶ †i‡L wbZ¨Kg©‡KI QqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- (1) cÖvZtK…Z¨ (2) c~e©vnèK…Z¨, (3) ga¨vý K…Z¨ (4) AcivnèK…Z¨ (5) mvqvýK…Z¨ I (6) ivwÎ ev ˆbkK„Z¨|

1| cÖvZtK…Z¨ : m~‡h©v`‡qi wKQz Av‡M Nyg †_‡K D‡V weQvbvi Dc‡i c~e© ev DËigyL n‡q e‡m Ck¦i ev †è-†èx‡ì ¯§iY K‡i gš¿ cvV Ki‡Z nq| G Rb¨ ag©MÖ‡š’ gš¿ ev †k−−vK i‡q‡Q| wb‡P GKwU gš¿ mijv_©mn †`qv n‡jv :

eªþv gyivwiwÎcyivš—Kvix fvbyt kkx f~wgmy‡Zv eyað|

¸i“ð ïµt kwbivû‡KZzt Kz‡e©š—y m‡e© gg mycÖfvZg& \

mijv_© : eªþv, gyivwi (K…ò), wÎcyivmy‡ii webvkKvix wke, m~h©, P›`ª, eya, ¸i“, e„n¯úwZ, kyµ, kwb, ivû, †KZz mK‡j Avgvi cÖfvZwU‡K †hb my›ì K‡ib|

GKK KvR : cÖvZtKv‡ji gš¿wU Ave„wË Ki|

Gici ¸i“‡K ¯§iY K‡i Ni †_‡K evB‡i G‡m c„w_ex‡K I m~h©‡K cÖYvg Ki‡Z nq| cÖwZw`b mKvj Ges mÜ¨vq wcZvgvZv‡K cÖYvg Ki‡Z nq| Zvici nvZ-gyL ay‡q, mœvb K‡i cwi®‹vi RvgvKvco ci‡Z nq|

2| c~e©vnèK…Z¨ : cÖvZtK…‡Zï c‡i Ges ga¨vý ev ycy‡ii c~e© ch©š— mg‡q †h mKj KvR Kiv nq, ZvB c~e©vnèK…Z¨| GB mg‡q cÖv_©bv, Dcvmbv I c~Rv Ki‡Z nq| GB K…Z¨ cÖwZw`b cwiev‡ii mK‡jiB cvjb Kiv DwPZ| Zvici w`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ KvRKg© Ki‡Z nq| †hgb-Avnvi Kiv, Kg© ’‡j hvIqv, M„n ’vwji KvRKg© Kiv, Aa¨qb ev we`¨vj‡q hvIqv BZ¨vw`|

GKK KvR : †Zvgvi c~e©vnèK…‡Zï GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

3| ga¨výK…Z¨ : c~e©v‡nèi ci Ges Aciv‡nèi c~e© ch©š— mg‡q †h KvR Kiv nq, Zv-B ga¨výK…Z¨| GB mgqUv‡K e‡j ycyi| ycy‡ii KvR LvIqv-`vIqv Ges wekªvg Kiv| hw` `ycy‡i †Kv‡bv AwZw_ Av‡m Zv‡K kª×vi m‡½ LvIqv‡Z nq| KviY kv‡ ¿ e‡j, AwZw_ bvivqY, AwZw_i †mev Ki‡j Ck¦‡ii †mev Kiv nq|

4| AcivnèK…Z¨ : `ycy‡ii ci Ges mvqv‡ýi c~e© ch©š— mg‡q †h KvR Kiv nq Zv‡KB e‡j AcivnèK…Z¨| GB mgqUv‡K e‡j weKvj, GB mg‡q wb‡Ri Ges cwiev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR Ki‡Z nq| GQvov cÖwZw`b we‡K‡j †Ljvayjv, e¨vqvg ev ågY Ki‡j kixi fv‡jv _v‡K|

5| mvqvýK…Z¨ : mvqvý gv‡b mÜ¨v| mÜ¨vKv‡j Avevi nvZ-gyL ay‡q cwi”Qbœ n‡Z n‡e| Zvici Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviY K_v, —e ev Mv‡b kª×v-fw³‡Z Ck¦‡ii ¸YMvb Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡P Kwe¸i“ iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii GKwU Mvb Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :

wbZ¨Kg© I †hvMvmb


29

avq †hb †gvi mKj fv‡jvevmv cÖfy, †Zvgvi cv‡b, †Zvgvi cv‡b, †Zvgvi cv‡b| hvq †hb †gvi mKj Mfxi Avkv cÖfy, †Zvgvi Kv‡b, †Zvgvi Kv‡b, †Zvgvi Kv‡b| wPË gg hLb †h_v _v‡K mvov †hb †`q †m Ze Wv‡K, hZ euvab me Uz‡U †Mv †hb cÖfy, †Zvgvi Uv‡b, †Zvgvi Uv‡b, †Zvgvi Uv‡b| evwn‡ii GB wf¶v-fiv _vwj Gevi †hb wbt‡k‡l nq Lvwj, Aš—i †gvi †Mvc‡b hvq f‡i| cÖfy, †Zvgvi `v‡b, †Zvgvi `v‡b, †Zvgvi `v‡b| †n eÜz †gvi, †n Aš—iZi, G Rxe‡b hv wKQz my›`i mKjB AvR †e‡R DVyK my‡i cÖfy, †Zvgvi Mv‡b, †Zvgvi Mv‡b, †Zvgvi Mv‡b \

`jxq KvR : iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii Mv‡bi wk¶v Ges KiYxq wPwýZ Ki|

6| ˆbkK…Z¨ : mÜ¨vi ci †_‡K Nygv‡Z hvIqv ch©š— mgqKv‡ji KvR‡K ˆbkK…Z¨ ejv nq| G mg‡q Aa¨qb I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR Kiv nq| iv‡Îi Avnvi MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| Zvici kqb K‡i kÖxweòzi ÔcÙbvfÕ bvgwU D”PviY Ki‡Z nq| KviY kv‡ ¿ ejv n‡q‡Q-Ôkq‡b cÙbvfÂÕ|

bZzb kã : cÖvZtK…Z¨, gyivwi, ivû, †KZz, c~e©vnèK…Z¨, ga¨výK…Z¨, AcivnèK…Z¨, mvqvý|

30

cvV 5 I 6 : myLvmb myLvm‡bi aviYv : †h AvmbwU mn‡R Kiv hvq Ges myL`vqK Zvi bvg myLvmb|

Abykxjb c×wZ : gvwU‡Z ev †Kv‡bv k³ cÖk — RvqMvq †giy`Ê †mvRv †i‡L `y cv mvg‡bi w`‡K j¤^v K‡i Qwo‡q em‡Z n‡e| Zvici Wvb cv nuvUz‡Z †f‡O Wvb cv‡qi cvZv euv Ei“i wb‡P Avi euv cv nuvUz‡Z †f‡O euv cv‡qi cvZv Eiyi wb‡P G‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| Gevi Wvb nv‡Zi cvZv Wvb nuvUzi Dci Avi euv nv‡Zi cvZv euv nvUzi Dci Avj‡Zvfv‡e Dcyo K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| kixi k³ n‡e bv, kix‡ii †Kv_vI †Kv‡bviKg Uvb _vK‡e bv| †Kej †gi“`Ê †mvRv †i‡L wkw_jfv‡e em‡Z n‡e| hZ¶Y B”Qv emv hv‡e-1 wgwbU †_‡K 5 wgwbU| Zvici kevm‡b wekªvg wb‡Z n‡e, hZ¶Y AvmbwU Kiv n‡q‡Q wVK ZZ¶Y|

GKK KvR : myLvmbwU Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI cÖfve : myLvm‡b cv‡qi †cwki w ’wZ ’vcKZv wd‡i Av‡m, cv‡qi kw³ ev‡o| huv‡ì nuvUz k³ n‡q †M‡Q, gvwU‡Z nuvUz gy‡o em‡Z Kó nq, nuvUz gvwU †_‡K D‡V _v‡K Zuv‡ì c‡¶ GB Avmb fv‡jv| Avevi gvwU‡Z em‡Z †M‡j huv‡ì cv‡q wLj a‡i Zuv‡ì c‡¶I G Avmb DcKvix| G‡Z †c‡Ui †ivM mv‡i| nRgkw³ I ¶zav e„w× cvq| †Kvg‡ii e¨_v, evZ-e¨vwa‡Z G Avmb DcKvix| †gi“`‡Êi †Kv‡bv †ivM _vK‡j Zv †m‡i hvq| mshg kw³ e„w× cvq I g‡b Avb›` Av‡m| GB Avmb a¨v‡bi c‡¶ DËg|

`jxq KvR : myLvm‡bi DcKvwiZv wj‡L GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki|

bZzb kã : myLvmb, myL`vqK, cÖk¯Í, Eiy, Avj‡Zv, wkw_j, †cwk, w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv, wLj, mshg|



31

cvV 7 I 8 : kjfvmb kjfvm‡bi aviYv : ÔkjfÕ k‡ãi A_© cZ½| Avmb Ae¯’vq †`nwU A‡bKUv cZ‡½i g‡Zv †`Lvq, ZvB AvmbwUi bvg kjfvmb|

Abykxjb c×wZ : gvwUi Dci ev k³ RvqMvq Dcyo n‡q ï‡q co‡Z n‡e| wPeyK gvwUi Dci _vK‡e| `ynvZ †mvRv K‡i †`‡ni ycv‡k Eiyi wb‡P Ges nv‡Zi Zvjy y‡Uv gvwU‡Z mgvb K‡i cvZv _vK‡e, AvOzj¸‡jv Mv‡q Mv‡q †j‡M _vK‡e| nuvUz, Eiy I cv‡qi †Mvovwj †Rvov ivL‡Z n‡e|

Gici k¦vm ax‡i ax‡i MÖn‡Yi mv‡_ nuvUy fuvR bv K‡i Eiy I cv `ywU †mvRv †i‡L †g‡S †_‡K †ò †_‡K `ynvZ Dc‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| GB Ae¯’vq 20 †_‡K 30 †m‡KÛ _vK‡Z n‡e| k¦vm-cÖk¦vm ¯vfvweK _vK‡e| AvmbwU 4/5 evi Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZevi kevm‡b wekªvg wb‡Z n‡e|

GKK KvR : kjfvmbwU Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI

cÖfve : †Kvgi I †gi“ ‡Êi †h †Kv‡bv e¨_vq GB Avmb DcKvix| AvmbwU †giy Ê‡K bgbxq I mej K‡i, Zj‡cU I wc‡Vi wb‡Pi As‡ki †g` Kgvq| G‡Z Eiy I †Kvg‡ii †cwki MVb my›ì nq, ürwcÊ mej nq| AvmbwU evZ ev mvqwUKvi GK Avðh© cÖwZ‡laK| ¶zavg›`v A¤−, ARxY©, †KvôKvwVb¨ cÖf„wZ †ivM wbivg‡q GB Avmb djcÖ | GB Avm‡b M¨vw÷ªK mgm¨v ~i nq, †c‡U evqyi cÖ‡Kvc K‡g, †cUduvcv mv‡i, nRgkw³ e„w× cvq| hviv †KvjKzu‡Rv GB Avmb Zv‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl DcKvix|

`jxq KvR : kjfvm‡bi DcKvwiZv wj‡L GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki|

bZzb kã : kjfvmb, cZ½, wPeyK, Avðh©, cÖwZ‡laK, bgbxq, A¤−, ARxY©, †KvôKvwVb¨, cÖ‡Kvc, djcÖ , †KvjKuy‡Rv|

32

cvV 9 I 10 : cwð‡gvËvbvmb cwð‡gvËvbvm‡bi aviYv : †h AvmbwU‡Z cwðg A_©vr kix‡ii wcQb w`‡K †ewk e¨vqvg nq, Zvi bvg cwð‡gvËvbvmb|

Abykxjb c×wZ : `y cv †mvRv K‡i mvg‡bi w`‡K Qwo‡q em‡Z n‡e| Gici ynvZ †mvRv K‡i Wvb nv‡Zi ey‡ov AvOyj, ZR©bx Avi ga¨gv w`‡q Wvb cv‡qi ey‡ov AvOyj Ges euv nv‡Zi ey‡ov AvOyj, ZR©bx Avi ga¨gv w`‡q euv cv‡qi ey‡ov AvOzj k³ K‡i †P‡c ai‡Z n‡e| †gi“`Ê UvbUvb I wcV mgvb ivL‡Z n‡e| Gici †PvL eÜ †i‡L nuvUz‡Z Kcvj †VKv‡Z n‡e| †mB m‡½ nv‡Zi KbyB fuvR K‡i nuvUzi cv‡k ivL‡Z n‡e| †cU I eyK h_vm¤¢e Ei“i m‡½ wg‡k _vK‡e| k¦vm-cÖk¦vm ¯vfvweK †i‡L G Ae¯’vq 30 †m‡KÛ _vK‡Z n‡e| Gici wbtk¦vm wb‡q nuvUz †_‡K gv_v Zz‡j, y cv‡qi ey‡ov AvOyj †Q‡o w`‡q 30 †m‡KÛ kevm‡b wek&ªvg wb‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e 3/4 evi Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e|

GKK KvR : cwð‡gvËvbvmbwU Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI|

cÖfve : AvmbwU †gi“ Ê I †c‡Ui c‡¶ we‡kl DcKvix| GB Avm‡b †MvUv †gi“`Ê m‡ZR nq| nuvUzi wcQb w`‡Ki †cwk Ges †c‡Ui mg¯Í hš¿ gReyZ nq, Zv‡ì Kg©`¶Zv ev‡o| GB Avm‡b A¤^j, ¶zavg›`v, Avgvkq, †c‡U evqy cÖf„wZ †iv‡Mi Dckg nq, nRgkw³ e„w× cvq| mœvqy‡`Še©j¨, mvqwUKv, evZ I Wvqv‡ewUm †iv‡MI GB Avm‡b DcKvi cvIqv hvq| G‡Z wKWwbI fv‡jv _v‡K| †cU I †Kvg‡ii †g` Kwg‡q †`‡ni Mob my›ì K‡i| wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì j¤^v n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| g‡bi Aw¯’iZv, PÂjZv I D`¨gnxbZv wbevi‡Y GB Avmb LyeB DcKvix|

huv‡ì hK…Z e„w×cÖvß n‡q‡Q ev huviv G‡cwÛmvBwUm ev nvwb©qvq fyM‡Qb Zuv‡ì GB AvmbwU Abykxjb Kiv wb‡la|

`jxq KvR : cwð‡gvËvbvmb Abykxj‡b †h mg — DcKvi cvIqv hvq Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

bZzb kã : cwð‡gvËvbvmb, ZR©bx, ga¨gv, UvbUvb, m‡ZR, A¤j, D`¨gnxbZv, Dckg, mœvqy‡`Še©j¨, mvqwUKv, hK…Z, G†cwÛmvBwUm, nvwb©qv|

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. cÖwZw`b mKv‡j Ges mÜ¨vq ............... cÖYvg Ki‡Z nq| 2. AwZw_i †mev Ki‡j .............. †mev Kiv nq| 3. mvqvnœ gv‡b ..................| 4. a¨v‡bi c‡¶ DËg ....................| 5. kjf k‡ãi A_© .......................|



33


evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. mvaviY K_v, ¯Íe ev Mv‡b

2. `ycy‡ii Avnvi MÖnY I wekªvg †bIqv

3. cwð‡gvËvbvm‡b kix‡ii wcQb w`‡K

†ewk e¨vqvg nq Ck¦‡ii ¸YMvb Ki‡Z nq ga¨vnœK…Z¨ Dcyo K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e


1. cÖvZtK…Z¨ †Kb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ? 2. c~e©vnœK…‡Zï KiYxq¸‡jv Kx ? 3. kixi-g‡bi Ici myLvmb wbqwgZ Abykxj‡bi cÖfve wPwnœZ Ki|

wb‡Pi cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI :

1. wbZ¨Kg©mg~n D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. ÔmyLvmbÕ Abykxjb c×wZi avç‡jv †jL| 2. Kxfv‡e kjfvmb Abykxjb Ki‡e e¨vL¨v Ki| 4. kixi-g‡bi Ici kjfvm‡bi wbqwgZ Abykxj‡bi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ :

1. †Kvb AeZv‡ii Aci bvg gyivwi ? K. ivg L. K…ò M. b„wmsn N. kªx‰PZb¨ 2. ga¨vnœK…‡Zï ci †Kvb K…Z¨ ? K. c~e©vnœ L. Acivnœ M. mvqvý N. ˆbk 3. myLvmb wbqwgZ Abykxj‡b cv‡qi Ñ

i. kw³ ev‡o ii. wLj a‡i iii. †cwki w ’wZ¯’vcKZv wd‡i Av‡m|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K) i I ii L) ii I iii

M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : igv mßg †kªwY‡Z c‡o| †m †jLvcov I AvPi‡Y Lye fv‡jv| wKš—z †m memgq Kzu‡Rv n‡q _v‡K| GKw`b

wk¶K Zv‡K GKwU Avmb Abykxj‡bi civgk© †`b| igv wk¶‡Ki civgk© †g‡b P‡j A‡bK DcKvi †c‡q‡Q|

34

4. wk¶K igv‡K †Kvb Avmb Abykxj‡bi civgk© †`b ? K. cÙvmb L. myLvmb M. kjfvmb N. cwð‡gvËvbvmb

5. D³ AvmbwU Abykxj‡bi d‡j igv †h DcKvi †c‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv Ñ i. †gi“ Ê †mvRv nIqv ii. ürwcÊ aodo Kiv iii. †Kvg‡ii †cwki MVb my›`i nIqv|


K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

m„Rbkxj cªkœ :

1. mßg †kªwYi QvÎ myR‡bi kvixwiK MVb Le©vK…wZ| wKš—y G eq‡m †gvUv nIqvq myR‡bi wewfbœ K‡g© Am½wZ †`Lv †`q| myR‡bi gv-evev wPwš—Z n‡q c‡ob| Zv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †M‡j Wv³vi Zv‡K †hvMvmb Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g kixi‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi civgk© †`b| myRb Wv³v‡ii civgk© †g‡b P‡j A‡bK DcKvi †c‡q‡Q|

K. KLb Nyg †_‡K DV‡Z n‡e ?

L. mvqvýK…‡Z¨i ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Kiv|

M. myRb †Kvb †hvMvmbwU wbqwgZ Abykxjb K‡i mydj †c‡q‡Q ? D³ AvmbwUi Abykxjb c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. ÔmyR‡bi AbykxjbK…Z AvmbwUi DcKvwiZv eûgyLxÕÑ we‡k−lY Ki|



35

cÂg Aa¨vq

†è-†èx I c~Rv-cve©Y Ck¦i wbivKvi n‡jI G gnvwe‡k¦i cÖ‡qvR‡b wewfbœ i~‡c c„w_ex‡Z Avwef~©Z n‡q _v‡Kb| Ck¦‡ii †Kv‡bv ¸Y ev kw³ hLb AvKvi cvq ZLb Zv‡K †èZv ev †è-†èx e‡j| †hgb-eªþv, weòz, wke, yM©v, j²x, mi¯Zx, Kvjx, gbmv cÖf…wZ| G mKj †è-†èx Ck¦‡ii we‡kl ¸Y I ¶gZvi AwaKvix| Avgiv GmKj †è-†èxi c~Rv K‡i _vwK|

c~Rv k‡ãi A_© cÖksmv Kiv ev kª×v Kiv| wKš—y wn› ya‡g© c~Rv kãwU we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ nq| c~Rv ej‡Z †evSvq Ck¦‡ii cÖZxK wewfbœ †è-†èx‡K dzj I bvbv DcKiY w`‡q kª×v wb‡e`b ev cÖksmv Kiv| GRb¨ gš¿ cvV K‡i cy®cvÄwj, AviwZ Ges a¨vb Kivmn wewfbœ gv½wjK KvR Kiv nq|

cve©Y k‡ãi A_© n‡jv ce© ev Drme| Drme gv‡b Avb›`c~Y© Abyôvb| c~Rv-cve©Y ej‡Z Avgiv eywS, †h ce© ‡jv c~Rv Abyôvb‡K Avb›`gq K‡i Ges Ck¦i ev †è-†èxi cÖwZ fw³i m„wó K‡i| c~Rv-cve©‡Yi GmKj wel‡qi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖwZgv wbg©vY, gw›ì mvRv‡bv, wewfbœ ai‡bi ev‡`ï Av‡qvRb we‡kl K‡i XvK, †Xvj, NÈv, Kuvwk, k•L Ges f³‡ì mv‡_ fve wewbgq, wKQyUv wewPÎag©x LvIqv-`vIqv, wewfbœ ai‡bi Avb›`g~jK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb, cwi”Qbœ †cvkvK-cwi”Q` cwiavb BZ¨vw`| †è‡èxi c~Rv Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl c~Rvwewa AbymiY Ki‡Z nq hv wewfbœ †è I †èx Abymv‡i wfbœ wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv c~Rvwewai aviYv, j²x c~Rv, wek¦Kg©v c~Rv Ges Gme c~Rvi ¸i“Z¡, c×wZ, cy®úvÄwj I cÖYvggš¿ Ges c~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve AewnZ n‡ev|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv - • c~~Rvwewai aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • j²x †èxi cwiPq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie • j²x †èxi c~Rvc×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie • j²xc~Rvi cy®cvÄwj I cÖYvggš¿ ms¯‹…Z fvlvq ej‡Z cvie Ges evsjv A_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • j²x c~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve we‡k −lY Ki‡Z cvie • wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei cwiPq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie • wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei c~Rvc×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie • wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi cy®cvÄwj I cÖYvggš¿ ms¯‹…Z fvlvq ej‡Z cvie Ges evsjv A_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie • cvwievwiK I mgvR Rxe‡b wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve we‡k −lY Ki‡Z cvie • j²x I wek¦Kg©v c~RvP©bvq DØy× ne|

36

cvV 1, 2 I 3 : c~Rvwewa

wn› ya‡g© c~Rv Kivi Rb¨ KZ¸‡jv wbqg AbymiY Kiv nq| G mKj wbqgbxwZ¸‡jv‡K c~Rvwewa e‡j| cÖwZgv, NU, cU (Qwe), gÊj, kvjMÖvg, cy ÍK, wkewj½ I Rj- G AvUwU e¯Íyi †h- †Kv‡bv GKwU e¯‘‡Z c~Rv Kiv hvq| G AvUwU e¯‘‡K c~Rvi Avavi e‡j| G Kvi‡Y c~Rvi Avavi wn‡m‡e G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bvwUi eënvi †`Lv hvq| c~Rv Kivi †gŠwjK w`K¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †è-†èxi Avevnb, a¨vb, cÖvYcÖwZôv, c~Rvgš¿ cvV, cy®cvÄwj cÖ`vb, cªv_©bvgš¿ cvV, cÖYvggš¿ cvV I wemR©b| G QvovI †h †Kv‡bv c~Rv Kivi c~‡e© cÂ‡èZvi c~Rv Kiv nq| cÂ‡èZv n‡”Qb : wke, weòz, m~h©, AwMœ I Kvjx| c~Rv Kivi Rb¨ †ekwKQz mvaviY wewa ev wbqg-bxwZ i‡q‡Q | wb‡P wKQy wKQy wewai D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv-

1. Avmbïw× I AvPgb : G wewa Abymv‡i c~Rv Kivi c~‡e© c~Rvi DcKiYmg~n ïw× K‡i wb‡Z nq| ïw× Kiv ej‡Z †`vlgy³ Kiv‡K †evSv‡bv nq| G †¶‡Î Avmbïw×, Rjkyw×, Kiïw×, cy®cïw× K‡i c~Rvi NU ¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq| AZtci AvPgb Ki‡Z nq| AvPgb ej‡Z nvZ, cv, †PvL cwi®‹vi Rj w`‡q ay‡q weï× Rj wZbevi cvb Ki‡Z nq| G mgq wbw`©ó gš¿ cvV Ki‡Z nq | AvPg‡bi mv‡_ fMevb weòz‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z nq| AZtci ¯w¯ÍevPb| ¯w¯ÍevPb ej‡Z ïfKvgbv †evSv‡bv nq| mvaviYZ cy‡ivwnZ c~Rvi ïi“‡Z †h ïf ev g½j Kvgbv K‡ib Zv‡K ¯w¯ÍevPb e‡j|

2. msKí MÖnY : G wewa Abymv‡i mwVKfv‡e c~RvKvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ msKí MÖnY Ki‡Z nq| msKí k‡ãi A_© cÖwZÁv ev „p B”Qv|

3. c~Rvq Afxó †è-†èx‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv, P¶z`vb I cÖvYcÖwZôv: c~Rvi cÖ_g wewa Abymv‡i wbw ©ó †è-†èxi cÖwZgv ev cU wbw`©ó K‡i c~Rv I cÖv_©bv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ ü`q w`‡q Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nq| wek¦vm Kiv nq, Afxó †è-†èx wbw ©ó cÖwZgvi g‡a¨ Ae ’vb Ki‡Qb| cÖwZgvq P¶z `vb K‡i wb‡Z nq| AZtci †è-†èxi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡gœ ewY©Z Kvh©µgmg~n AbymiY Ki‡Z nq:

K. emvi Avmb ev wmsnvmb mgc©Y: G Kvh©µg Abymv‡i Afxó †è-†èxi emvi Rb¨ Avmb ev wmsnvmb mgc©Y Kiv nq| Avmb ev wmsnvmb c~Rvwii mvg_© Abymv‡i Av‡qvRb Kiv nq Ges AvKl©Yxqfv‡e mvRv‡bv nq I wewfbœ ai‡bi `vwg wRwblcÎ ivLv nq|

L. nvZ, cv I mœv‡bi Rb¨ cwiï× Rj I †cvkvK-cwi”Q` mgc©Y: G wewa Abymv‡i †è-†èxi nvZ, gyL cwi®‹vi I cv †avqvi Rb¨ cÖZxK wn‡m‡e Rj ivLv nq | KL‡bv KL‡bv cv yKv ev Pàj ivLv nq| G QvovI mœvb Kivi Rb¨ cwiky× Rj I gay ev ya mgc©Y Kiv nq| c~Rvwii mvg_© Abymv‡i G DcPv‡i Afxó †è †èxi Rb¨ †cvkvK-cwi”Q` mgc©Y Kiv nq|

†è-†èx I c~Rv-cve©Y


37

M. Af¨š—ixY A½-cÖZ½ ï×KiY: G wbqgbxwZ Abymv‡i c~Rvwi‡ì wfZ‡ii A½-cÖZ½ ï× Kivi Rb¨ gš¿ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g gy‡L, cv‡q, nv‡Z I mg¯Í †`‡n cwiï× Rj wQUv‡bv nq Ges gb‡K cwiï× Kiv nq|

N. cweÎ myZv Ac©Y: GK¸”Q cweÎ myZv evg Kuva †_‡K AvovAvwofv‡e Wvb w`‡K †Kvgi ch©š— we¯Í…Z Kiv nq|

O. myMwÜ ªe¨ mgc©Y: G DcPvi Afxó †è-†èxi g‡b cweÎZv Avbqb, †`n VvÊv ivLv I wZjK KvUvi Rb¨ myMwÜ wn‡m‡e P›`b‡c÷ mgc©Y Kiv nq| G QvovI †è-†èxi gyLgÊj‡K my›ì Kivi wewfbœ ai‡bi `vwg Aj¼vi mgc©Y Kiv nq|

P. cy®c c~Rv t G wewa Abymv‡i †è-†èx‡K mš‘ó Kivi Rb¨ Ges Zuv‡ì cÖwZ fw³ I fv‡jvevmvi wb`k©b ¯i~c wewfbœ i‡Oi cy®c w`‡q c~Rv Kiv nq | G‡KK †è-†èx G‡KK iK‡gi cy®ú we‡klfv‡e cQ›` K‡ib| †hgbÑ mi¯Zx †èxi wcÖq dzj cjvk|

Q. a~c, cÖ xc, ˆb‡e`¨ I cvb-mycvwi mgc©Y: a~c †mŠif m„wó K‡i _v‡K Ges g‡bi cweÎZv Avbqb K‡i|c~Rvi DcPvi wn‡m‡e cÖ xc kw³i cÖZxK| wn›`y ag©vbymv‡i †è-†èxivI Amxg kw³i cÖZxK| wn› y ag©vbymv‡i cÖ xc ev `xc AvZ¥vi cÖZxK| †Kbbv Av‡jv AÜKvi ~i K‡i gvby‡li g‡b m‡Zï D‡b¥vPb K‡i _v‡K| Av‡jv Áv‡bi cÖZxK| mvaviYZ c~Rvi Rb¨ Avgiv gvwUi cÖ xc eënvi K‡i _vwK| Z‡e †h †Kv‡bv cÖ`xc eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †è-†èx‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆb‡e`¨ mgc©Y Kiv nq| ˆb‡e`¨ wn‡m‡e wgwó, dj-djvw`, ivbœv Kiv Lv‡`¨vcv`vb †hgb cv‡qm, wLPywo BZ¨vw` †è-†èx‡K Avc¨vqb Kivi Rb¨ mgc©Y Kiv nq| me©‡k‡l c~Rv DcKiY wn‡m‡e cvb I mycvwi mgc©Y Kiv nq|

4. Afxó †è-†èxi a¨vb, c~Rvgš¿ cvV, cy®cvÄwj, cÖv_©bv, AvZ¥mgc©Y I bg¯‹vi cÖ vb : G wewa Abymv‡i gš¿cv‡Vi gva¨‡g †è-†èxi D‡Ï‡k¨ a¨vb, c~Rv, cy®cvÄwj Ac©Y, cÖv_©bv I cÖYvg Kiv nq| c~Rv Kvh©µ‡g †Kv‡bv fyjÎ“wU n‡j ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ges †è-†èxi Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì B”Qv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv nq| †è-†èxi c~Rv Kivi Rb¨ G wewawU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

5. AviwZ cÖ vb I wemR©b: G wewa Abymv‡i Afxó †è-†èxi D‡Ï‡k¨ AviwZ cÖ vb Kiv nq| AviwZi mgq Afxó †è-†èxi Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì wfZi I evB‡ii mKj Lvivc w`Kmg~n `~i K‡i †`qvi Rb¨ Kc©~i cÖR¡wjZ K‡i cÖv_©bv Kiv nq Ges mKj c~Rvwi‡K Avkxe©v` cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G wewai gva¨‡g Awfó †è-†èxi Ici Avgv‡ì Mfxi kÖ×v-fw³ cÖwZwôZ nq| Ae‡k‡l Afxó †è-†èxi cÖwZgv‡K wemR©b †`qv nq|

G QvovI c~Rvi msKí MÖnY, GKUz GKUz K‡i Rj cvb Kivi Rb¨ Rj mgc©Y, †è-†èx‡K AjsKvi mgc©Y, QvZv mgc©Y, cvLv (Pvgi) wemR©b cÖf„wZ AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

DcPv‡ii wfwË‡Z c~Rvi cÖKvi‡f` : mvKvii~‡c †è-†èxi c~Rv wewfbœ DcPvi Abymv‡i wewfbœfv‡e Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i |

c‡ÂvcPvi c~Rv : DcPvi k‡ãi A_© DcKiY| c‡ÂvcPvi c~Rv cuvPwU DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Kiv nq| MÜ, cy®ú, a~c, `xc I ˆb‡e`¨ G cuvPwU c‡ÂvcPvi c~Rvi DcKiY|

38

`‡kvcPvi c~Rv: `‡kvcPvi c~Rv `kwU DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Kiv nq| cv`¨, AN¨©, AvPgbxq, gaycK©, cybivPgbxq, MÜ, cy®ú, a~c, `xc I ˆb‡e`¨-G `kwU `‡kvcPvi c~Rvi DcKiY|

†lvo‡kvcPvi c~Rv: Avmb, ¯vMZ, cv`¨, AN ©, AvPgbxq, gaycK©, cybivPgbxq, mœvbxq, emb, AvfiY, MÜ, cy®ú, a~c, `xc, ˆb‡e`¨ I e›`bv- G †lvjwU DcKiY w`‡q †lvo‡kvcPvi c~Rv Kiv nq|

AÂj‡f‡` c~Rvwewai wKQy wel‡q gZcv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| Z‡e mvaviY fv‡e mKj AÂ‡ji c~Rvc×wZ GKB iKg|

GKK KvR : c~Rvi mvaviYwewa †jL

cvV 4 I 5: kªxkªx j²x‡èxi cwiPq

j²x‡èxi cwiwPwZ †èx j²x m¤ú`, mg„w×, I †mŠfv‡Mï †èx | wZwb my›ìx I gvayh©gqx †èx| wZwb c~Rvwi‡ì abÑm¤ú` `vb K‡i _v‡Kb|

†èx j²x kªx wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ| †Kbbv wZwb †mŠ›`h© I wmœ»Zvi cÖZxK| wZwb fMevb weòzi mnawg©Yx|

†èx j²x AZ¨š— my›ì Ges Pvi nvZwewkó| Zuvi Pvi nvZ gvbeRxe‡bi PviwU Avkxe©v` enb K‡i| h_vÑ ag©, A_©, Bw›`ªqvMZ Avb›` Ges gyw³| wZwb cÙdz‡ji Dci Dcweó| †èx j²xi Mv‡qi iO a~mi, mv`v, D¾¡j njy` I bxjvf n‡q _v‡K| kªxkªxj²x †mŠ›`‡h©i †èx, m¤ú‡ì †èx| Avgv‡ì cwiev‡ii DbœwZ wbf©i K‡i m¤ú‡ì Ici| Avi GB m¤ú`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q f~wg, cï, km¨, Ávb, âh©, mZZv, ky×Zv BZ¨vw`|

j²xc~Rv c×wZ : †h †Kv‡bv c~Rv Ki‡Z c~Rvwewa AbymiY Ki‡Z nq| j²xc~Rvi c×wZ wn‡m‡e ï× Avm‡b e‡m AvPgb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i cÂ‡èZvi c~Rv Ki‡Z nq| AZtci j²xi a¨vb K‡i wewfbœ DcKiY w`‡q †èx j²xi c~Rv Kiv nq| j²xc~Rv c‡ÂvcPvi, `‡kvcPvi ev †lvo‡kvcPv‡i Kiv n‡q _v‡K| c~Rvi †gŠwjK bxwZ wn‡m‡e †èx kªxj²xi a¨vb, c~Rvgš¿ cvV, cy®cvÄwj cÖ`vb, I cÖYvgg›Î cvV Ki‡Z nq| Ae‡k‡l wemR©b w`‡Z nq|

j²xc~Rvi mgqKvj : mvaviYZ cÖwZ e„n¯úwZevi j²xc~Rv Kiv nq| cvwievwiK j²xc~Rvq j²xi cuvPvwj cvV Kiv nq| we‡klfv‡e Avwk¦b gv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i c~wY©gvwZw_‡Z j²xc~Rv Kiv nq| G j²xc~Rv †KvRvMix j²xc~Rv bv‡g cwiwPZ| GKK KvR : j²x ab-m¤ú‡ì †èx, G †èxi c~Rvc×wZ †Zvgvi wbR AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K eY©bv Ki|



39

cvV 6 I 7 : j²x cy®cvÄwj, cÖYvggš¿ I j²xc~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve j²x‡èxi cy®cvÄwj Iu bg‡¯Í me©f~Zvbvs ei`vwm nwiwcÖ‡q| hv MwZ¯Ír cÖcbœvbvs mv †g f~qvË¡ ”P©bvr||

mijv_© : Zzwg mKj‡K ei w`‡q _vK, abm¤ú` w`‡q _vK| Avwg †Zvgv‡K ¯§iY KiwQ| Avgv‡K †Zvgvi Avkxe©v` `vb Ki| Avgv‡K abm¤ú` `vb Ki|

j²‡èxi cÖYvggš¿ Iu wek¦i~c m¨ fvh©vwm c‡Ù cÙvj‡q ï‡f| me©Zt cvwn gvs †`we gnvj²x b‡gvn¯‘‡Z||

mijv_© : †n †èx Kj¨vYx, wek¦i~c kÖxweòzi ¯¿x, Zzwg cÙv I cÙvi Avjq| mKj‡K ïfdj `vI| Zywg Avgv‡K mKj‡¶‡Î i¶v K‡iv| Avwg †Zvgv‡K cÖYvg Kwi|

j²xc~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve cÖwZwU wn› y cwiev‡i cÖwZw`b j²xc~Rv Kiv nq| G QvovI cÖwZ mßv‡ni e„n¯úwZev‡i Ges †`qvjx Abyôv‡bi mgq we‡kl Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g j²xc~Rv Kiv nq hv wn› ymgv‡Ri wewfbœ m¤cÖ v‡qi g‡a¨ GKvZ¥Zv‡ev‡ai m„wó K‡i|

j²x‡èx ab-m¤ú` `vb K‡ib| c~Rvi ga¨ w`‡q j²x‡èxi Dci wek¦vm ¯’vwcZ nq| j²x‡èxi kvš— ¯fve c~Rvwi‡KI kvš— K‡i †Zv‡j|

`jxq KvR : j²xc~Rvi Av_©mvgvwRK I agx©q cÖfve wPwýZ Ki|

cvV 8 : wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei cwiPq I c~Rvc×wZ

wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei cwiPq : wn› yag© Abymv‡i wek¦Kg©v wkíx I fv¯‹h© Ges hš¿ I hš¿‡KŠk‡ji †èZv| G gnvwe‡k¦i cÖavb ’cwZ| wkí‰bcyY¨, ’vcZ¨wkí Ges Kvi“Kvh© m„wó‡Z Abb¨ ¸Ykvjx †èZv wZwb| cyivY Abymv‡i wZwb †èwkíx| wZwb ’vcZ¨ †e` bv‡g GKwU Dc‡e‡ì iPwqZv|wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei PZzf~©R i~c AZ¨š— †kŠh©kvjx| Zuvi evg w`‡Ki GK nv‡Z abyK Avi Ab¨ nv‡Z Zzjv`Ê Ges Wvb w`‡Ki GK nv‡Z nvZzwo Ab¨ nv‡Z eªþ KzVvi| Zvi evnb n¯Íx| Zvui K…cvq gvbyl wkíKjv I hš¿we`¨vq

cvi`wk©Zv jvf K‡i| wZwb AjsKvi wk‡íi mªóv Ges †èZv‡ì wegvb I A ¿wbg©vZv| wZwb eªþvi wb‡`©‡k wKw¼Ü¨v bMix, hgI ei“Y‡`‡ei cÖvmv`, cy®úi_, B‡› ªi eRª, wk‡ei wÎk~j, fMevb weòzi my`k©bPµ, Kz‡e‡ii A ¿ BZ¨vw` wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| fMevb kªxK„‡òi Av‡`‡k wZwb ØviKvcyixI wbgv©Y K‡i‡Qb|

40

wek¦Kg©v c~Rvc×wZ me©cÖKvi Kvi“Kvh© wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei m„wó| wek¦Kg©v gvbyl‡K ˆkwíK Ávb I †gav `vb K‡ib| wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Zuvi K…cv Ges K‡g© wkí‰bcyY¨ jvf Kiv| Kvi“wkí I wkíkªwg‡Kiv fv`ª gv‡mi msµvwš— wZw_‡Z wek¦Kg©vi c~Rv K‡i _v‡Kb| c~Rvi ixwZbxwZ Ab¨b¨ c~Rvi Abyi~c n‡jI c~Rvi mgq cvwievwiK m`m¨MY †hmKj †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ Zuv‡ì eëüZ DcKiYmg~n wek¦Kg©vi cÖwZgvi Kv‡Q ivLv nq| wek¦Kg©v c~Rv c‡ÂvcPv‡i, `‡kvcPv‡i ev †lvo‡kvcPv‡i Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

GKK KvR : wek¦Kg©vi c~Rvc×wZ wbR AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K †jL|

cvV 9 I 10 : wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi cy®cvÄwj, cÖYvggš¿ I wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi wk¶v I Gi cÖfve

cy®úvÄwj gš¿ Gl mP›`b ~e©vcy®úwej¦cÎvÄwjt Iu wkíe‡Z kªx wek¦Kg©‡Y bgt|

mijv_©: P›`b, `~e©v, cy®ú I wej¦cÎ w`‡q wkí‡èZv wek¦Kg©v‡K G cy®úvÄwj cÖ vb KiwQ Ges cÖYvg Rvbvw”Q|

cÖYvggš¿ Iu †èwkíx‡b gnvfvM †èvbvs Kvh©mvaK| wek¦Kg©bœg¯‘f¨s me©vfxó djcÖ t|

mijv_©: †n †èwkíx wek¦Kg©v, Avcwb gnvb, me© m & Ykvjx, me© †èM‡Yi Kvh©m¤úv`K, me© Afxó c~iYKvix| Avcbv‡K cÖYvg|

wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei c~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve

wek¦Kg©vi K…cvq wkí I weÁv‡b cvi`wk©Zv jvf Kvi hvq| Zuvi Avkxe©v‡` Kvi“wkíK‡g© `¶Zv AR©b Kiv hvq| cvwievwiK I gw›ìwfwËK G c~Rv Kivi gva¨‡g wek¦Kgv© †`‡ei cÖwZ c~Rvwi‡ì fw³ cÖwZwôZ nq| wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi ga¨ w`‡q wk‡íi weKvk NUv‡bvi †cÖiYv cvIqv hvq Ges myß cÖwZfvi weKvk N‡U|

c~RvwiMY ¯^ ¯^ Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvMx nq Ges Kvh©m¤úv`‡b ˆkwíK g‡bvfv‡e M‡o D‡V|

wek¦Kg©vi K…cvq c~RvwiMY wkíKjv I hvwš¿K we`¨vq cvi`wk©Zv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wek¦Kg©v c~Rvi ga¨ w`‡q †jvKwk‡íi weKvk N‡U|



41

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. c~Rvgš¿ cvV c~Rv Kivi GKwU .................... w`K|

2. †h †Kv‡bv c~Rvi Av‡M .................... c~Rv Ki‡Z nq|

3. cy®ú n‡”Q †è-†èx‡ì cÖwZ fw³ I ..................... wb`k©b¯î~c|

4. j²x‡èxi Pvi nvZ gvbeRxe‡bi PviwU ................ enb K‡i|

5. ¯’vcZ¨‡e` bv‡g GKwU Dc‡e‡ì iPwqZv .....................|


evg cvk Wvb cvk

1. c~Rv Ki‡Z c~Rvwewa j²xc~Rv Kiv nq

2. a~c †mŠif m„wó K‡i AZ¨š— †kŠh©kvjx

3. cÖwZ e„n¯úwZevi wk‡íi weKvk N‡U

4. wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei PZzf©~R i~c g‡bi cweÎZv Avbqb K‡i AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|

AbymiY K‡i


1. c~Rvi mgq Kxfv‡e Avmb ïw× I AvPgb Kiv nq ?

2. ÔkªxkÖxj²x m¤ú`, mg„w× I †mŠfv‡Mï †èxÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|

3. kªxkÖxj²x †èxi c~Rvi Av_©-mvgvwRK I agx©q cÖfve wPwýZ Ki|

4. wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei c~Rv Kxfv‡e Kiv nq ?

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :

1. Ôc~Rv-cve©‡Y c~Rvwewa¸‡jvi ¸i“Z¡ AcwimxgÕÑ we‡k −lY Ki|

2. cvwievwiK I mgvRRxe‡b j²xc~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve we‡k−lY Ki|

3. Ôwkí‰bcyY¨ m„wó‡Z Abb¨ ¸Ykvjx †èZv wek¦Kg©vÕÑ we‡k −lY Ki|

4. cvwievwiK I mgvRRxe‡b wek¦Kg©v †`‡ei c~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve we‡k −lY Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. c~Rvi DcPvi wn‡m‡e †KvbwU kw³i cÖZxK ? K. a~c L. cy®ú M. cÖ xc N. ˆb‡e`¨

42

2. c~Rvq AvPg‡bi mv‡_ †Kvb †èZv‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z nq ?

K. wke L. weòy M. eªþv N. AwMœ

3. †è-†èxi c~Rvq AvZ¥mgc©Y wewawU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| KviY Gi gva¨‡g Avgiv Ñ

i. cÖZ¨vkv c~iY Kwi ii. fw³i cÖKvk NUvB iii. fy‡ji Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bv Kwi|


K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : cÖZxwZ‡ì evwo‡Z cÖwZeQi Avwk¦b gv‡mi c~wY©gvwZw_‡Z we‡kl c~Rv Kiv nq| cÖZxwZI Zvi gv‡qi mv‡_

Dcevm †_‡K G c~Rv K‡i| G Dcj‡¶ Zv‡ì evwo‡Z eÜz-evÜe, AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi mgvMg N‡U Ges GK Avb›`gq cwi‡ek m„wó nq|

4. cÖZxwZ †Kvb †è-†èxi c~Rv K‡i ?

K. mi¯Zx L. j²x M. M‡Yk N. wek¦Kg©v

5. cÖZxwZ D³ †è-†èxi c~Rv K‡i jvf Ki‡e Ñ

i. kvš— fve ii. abm¤ú` iii. wkí‰bcyY¨



m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. Aebxevey `v, ewU, KuvwP ˆZwi K‡i RxweKv wbe©vn K‡ib| wZwb G †ckvq `¶Zv AR©b I K…cvjv‡fi Avkvq cÖwZeQi cig fw³‡Z c‡ÂvcPv‡i GK we‡kl †è-†èxi c~Rv K‡ib| G c~Rvq Zvi †ckvq eëüZ DcKiYmg~n cÖwZgvi Kv‡Q iv‡Lb| Zvi Dcjwä †ckvMZ cvi`wk©Zv jvf Ges K‡g©i mybvg meB G c~Rvq cig fw³i dj|

K. c~Rv k‡ãi A_© Kx ? L. c~Rvi GKwU wewa e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Aebxevey cÖwZeQi cig fw³‡Z †Kvb †è-†èxi c~Rv Ges Kxfv‡e K‡ib Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Aebxeveyi e¨w³Rxe‡b D³ c~Rvi wk¶v I cÖfve g~j¨vqb Ki|



43

lô Aa¨vq

ag©xq DcvL¨v‡b ˆbwZK wk¶v ag©MÖš’ ZË¡ I Z‡_ï gva¨‡g ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v cÖ vb K‡i| DcvL¨v‡bi gva¨‡g †mB wk¶vi cÖ‡qv‡Mi `„óvš—I †`qv n‡q‡Q| c~e©eZ©x †kÖwY‡Z Avgiv ag©xq DcvL¨v‡bi mv‡_ ˆbwZK wk¶vi m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| mZëvw`Zv, ¶gv, Rxe‡mev, KZ©e¨wbôv, åvZ…‡cÖg BZ¨vw` ˆbwZK wk¶vi aviYv Ges G m¤úwK©Z „óvš—g~jK DcvL¨vb I Zvi wk¶v m¤ú‡K© †R‡bwQ| GLb Avgiv Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v I `qv Ñ G ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai aviYv Ges cÖvmw½K ag©xq DcvL¨vb I Zvi wk¶v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kie|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv

• wn› ya‡g©i Av‡jv‡K Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v I `qvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v I `qvi `„óvš—g~jK ag©xq DcvL¨vb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• DcvL¨v‡b ewY©Z NUbvi wk¶v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v I `qvi ¸i“Z¡ Dcjwä K‡i e¨w³ I mgvRRxe‡b Zv Abykxj‡b DØy× ne|

cvV 1 : Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v mvaviYZ Z¨vM ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wKQy eR©b ev cwinvi Kiv †evSvq| wKš—y we‡klfv‡e Z¨vM ej‡Z †evSvq wb‡Ri ¯v_©‡K wemR©b †Ìqv| wb‡Ri myL ev jv‡fi wPš—v †_‡K wb‡R‡K weiZ ivLv| †fvM ev my‡Li B”Qv cwinvi Kiv‡KB Z¨vM e‡j| Z¨vM gvbePwi‡Îi GKwU we‡kl ˆbwZK ¸Y| Z¨vM a‡g©iI A½| Z¨vMx e¨w³ mgv‡R AvìYxq nq| Zuv‡K mK‡j kª×v K‡i| Z¨vM Qvov ag© nq bv| †fv‡Mi †Kv‡bv †kl †bB| hZB †fvM Kiv hvq, †fv‡Mi jvjmv ZZB †e‡o hvq| †fv‡Mi B”QvB gvbyl‡K †jvfx K‡i †Zv‡j| Avi GB †jvf gvbyl‡K aŸs‡mi gy‡L †V‡j †`q| mgv‡R †W‡K Av‡b nvbvnvwb, wnsmv I we‡Øl| Z¨vM gvbyl‡K K‡i gnvb, mgv‡R G‡b †`q kvwš—| wn› ya‡g©i MÖš’mg~‡n ZË¡, Z_¨ I DcvL¨v‡b Z¨v‡Mi gwngv KxZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q|

44

wZwZ¶vI Z¨v‡Mi g‡Zv Av‡iKwU we‡kl ¸Y| wZwZ¶v ej‡Z †evSvq mwnòzZv| wZwZ¶vI a‡g©i A½| ˆbwZKZv MV‡b wZwZ¶vi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| wZwZ¶v mgv‡R kvwš— Avbqb K‡i| e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z M‡o †Zv‡j †mŠnv‡` ©i g‡bvfve| wZwZ¶v bv _vK‡j e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z msNvZ Awbevh©| mK‡j wg‡j, ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii g‡Zi I wPš—vi cÖwZ mwnòz n‡qB gvbyl mgvR MVb K‡i‡Q| mwnòz bv n‡j myôyfv‡e mvgvwRK KvRKg© Kiv Am¤¢e| ZvB Kó mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv bv _vK‡j e¨w³Rxe‡bI DbœwZ Kiv hvq bv| Rxe‡b mwnòzZvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| ZvB Z¨v‡Mi cvkvcvwk mwnòzZv ev wZwZ¶vi K_v GKB mv‡_ D”PvwiZ n‡q _v‡K| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Z¨vM I wZwZ¶v A½v½xfv‡e RwoZ| wZwZ¶v bv _vK‡j Z¨v‡Mi djI webó n‡Z cv‡i|

wn› y ag©MÖ‡š’ wZwZ¶vi A‡bK Kvwnbx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| kªxivgP‡›`ªi Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vi Kvwnbx GKwU D¾¡j „óvš—|

cvV 2 : kªxivgP‡›`ªi Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v

kªxivgP›`ª ivgvq‡Yi cÖavb PwiÎ| wZwb weòzi AeZvi| wZwb †ÎZvhy‡M gvbyli~‡c Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| gvbyl n‡qI PwiÎ¸‡Y †`eZvi ¯Í‡i DbœxZ nIqv hvq| kªxivgP›`ª †mB „óvš—I ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| gnvexi n‡qI wZwb wQ‡jb

¶gvkxj| gnË¡¡, D`viZv, KZ©e¨wbôv, Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v, cÖf„wZ wQj Zvui Pwi‡Îi D¾¡j Dcv`vb|

A‡hva¨vi ivRv `ki_| Zuvi wZb ivwb| eo ivwb †KŠkj¨v, †g‡Sv ivwb ˆK‡Kqx, Avi †QvU ivwb mywgÎv| †KŠkj¨vi cyÎ ivg, ˆK‡Kqxi cyÎ fiZ, Avi mywgÎvi yB cyÎ j¶Y I kÎ“Nœ|

GKK KvR : †Zvgvi Rvbv GKRb Z¨vMx e¨w³i bvg Ges Zuvi Z¨v‡Mi GKwU w`K D‡j −L Ki|

wbqgvbymv‡i wcZvi AeZ©gv‡b eo †Q‡j hyeivR n‡Zv| Zvici †m-B jvf KiZ ivRc` I ¶gZv| iv‡gi †¶‡ÎI ZvB nIqvB ¯^vfvweK| ivg ZLb cuwPk eQ‡ii hyeK| ivRv `ki_ e„× n‡q‡Qb| ivg‡K hyeivR c‡` Awfwl³ Ki‡eb| Awf‡lK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡jv| wKš—y evav Gj wegvZv ˆK‡Kqxi KvQ †_‡K| ivRv `ki_ GKevi Amy¯’ n‡q c‡owQ‡jb| ˆK‡Kqxi †mevh‡Zœ wZwb my ’ n‡q D‡Vb| ivRv `ki_ Lywk n‡q Zv‡K `ywU ei w`‡Z PvB‡jb| wKš—y ˆK‡Kqx ej‡jb, ÔgnvivR, Avwg GLb wKQyB PvB bv| Avwg mgq g‡Zv †P‡q †be|Õ

GLb †hb †mB mgq Dcw ’Z n‡jv| ˆK‡Kqx gš’ivi civgk© g‡Zv ivRv `ki‡_i wbKU Ggb yÕwU ei cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb, hv ivRv `ki‡_i Rb¨ ü`qwe`viK| ˆK‡Kqx PvB‡jb, GK e‡i ivg †PŠÏ erm‡ii Rb¨ e‡b hv‡e, Avi GK e‡i Zvi cyÎ fiZ ivRv n‡e| ivRv `ki‡_i gv_vq †hb AvKvk †f‡O coj| ˆK‡Kqxi K_vq wZwb wegl© n‡q c‡o iB‡jb| ivg‡K Avbv n‡jv `ki‡_i Kv‡Q| `ki_ ivg‡K me e„Ëvš— ej‡jb| wZwb wcZvi mZ¨ i¶v Ki‡Z e‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z n‡jb| wZwb ivR¨ Z¨vM K‡i, ivR‡cvkvK cwiZ¨vM K‡i eéj cwiavb Ki‡jb|

ivg mxZvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z †M‡jb| mxZv iv‡gi mv‡_ e‡b †h‡Z PvB‡j mxZvi Kó n‡e †f‡e Zvu‡K m‡½ wb‡Z PvB‡jb bv| wKš—y mxZv †Kv‡bv K_vB ïb‡jb bv| wZwb hv‡ebB iv‡gi mv‡_| Gw`‡K j²YI Kv‡iv evav bv †g‡b iv‡gi mv‡_ e‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ ˆZwi n‡jb| †k‡l iv‡gi m‡½ mxZv I j²Y e‡b iIbv n‡jb| ivg e‡b hvIqvi cÖv°v‡j wb‡Ri abiZœ GgbwK wb‡Ri nvwZwU ch©š— `vb K‡i w`‡jb| e‡b hvIqvi mgq mK‡j hLb †f‡O

ag©xq DcvL¨v‡b ˆbwZK wk¶v


45

c‡o‡Q, ivg ZLb nvwmgy‡L mg¯Í Kó mn¨ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wcZv‡K ej‡jb, gvZvi cÖwZ `„wó ivL‡Z| wb‡Ri kix‡ii cÖwZ hZœ wb‡Z|

ivg, mxZv I j²Y cv‡q †nu‡U Pj‡Z Pj‡Z A‡bK c_ AwZµg K‡i wPÎK~U ce©‡Z G‡jb| ivRvi yjvj †mLv‡b cY©KzwUi wbg©vY K‡i evm Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| GLv‡b ivR‡fvM †bB, Lv`¨ e‡bi djg~j Avi eb¨ g„M| fiZ kªxivgP›`ª‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z G‡mwQj| wKš—y Z¨vMx ivg wd‡i hvbwb| kªxivgP‡› ªi cy‡iv RxebUvB Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vi| kªxivgP‡› ªi Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v AbymiYxq „óvš—|

DcvL¨v‡bi wk¶v : gnvcyi“l‡ì Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vi `„óvš—g~jK Kvwnbx Avgv‡ì Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vq DØy× K‡i| Z¨vM-wZwZ¶vi ¸‡Y gvbyl †èZvi ¯Í‡i DbœxZ n‡Z cv‡i| †h mKj ˆbwZK ¸Y gvbyl‡K mgv‡R Av`k© wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv K‡i †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v Ab¨Zg| Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v gvbyl‡K wb‡q hvq gh©v`vi c‡_, †MŠiegq ¯’v‡b| Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v gvbePwi‡Îi Ab¨Zg gnr ¸Y| Z¨vMx gvbyl‡K mK‡jB fv‡jvev‡m, kª×v K‡i|

bZzb kã: m`vPvi, mZ¨wbôv, ¸Yvwš^Z, Dcvqvš—i, g„Zz kh¨v, cÖRvermj, wZwZ¶v, g‡bviÄb, mwnòzZv, GKvMÖZv|

cvV 3 : `qv

KviI Kó †`L‡j gb Kuv‡`| Zvi Kó ~i K‡i w`‡Z B”Qv nq| g‡bi G fve‡K ejv nq `qv|

Ac‡ii Kó ~i Kivi cÖe„wËi bvg `qv| `qv GKwU ˆbwZK ¸Y| mgv‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖe„wË n‡”Q `qv| `qv Kiv nq Kv‡K? †h ¶zavq Kó cv‡”Q, Zv‡K Lv`¨ w`‡q Avgiv `qv Kwi| Avgiv Rvwb, Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥vi~‡c Ck¦i Ae¯’vb K‡ib| ZvB Rxe‡K `qv Ki‡j, Rx‡ei ytL ~i Ki‡j Ck¦i mš—yó nb| Ck¦i wb‡RB `wi ªi~‡c Ny‡i †eovb `qv cv‡eb e‡j| wek¦Kwe iex› ªbv_ VvKz‡ii fvlvq :

ÔRM‡Z `wi`ªi~‡c wdwi `qv Z‡i,

M„nnx‡b M„n w`‡j Avwg _vwK N‡i|Õ

kªx‰PZb¨ gnvcÖfy `qv‡K AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| fMev‡bi bv‡g i“wP, Rx‡ei cÖwZ `qv Ges êòei~‡c gvby‡li †mev Kiv‡K wZwb mbvZb ag© A_©vr wn› ya‡g©i cÖavb êwkó¨ e‡j D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| G wel‡q Zuvi wk¶v n‡”Q :

Ôbv‡g i“wP Rx‡e `qv êòe †meb| Bnv ˆn‡Z ag© Avi bvwn mbvZb||


47

Ggwbfv‡e Avgiv Rx‡e `qv Kie| Zv‡Z Rx‡ei Kj¨vY n‡e| Ck¦iI mš—yó n‡eb| G †_‡K Avgiv wkLjvg †h, `qv GKwU ˆbwZK ¸Y| GwU a‡g©i A½| `qv e¨w³‡K gnvb K‡i| ytLxi, Av‡Z©i ev cxwoZ‡ì ytL ~i K‡i|

`jxq KvR : ÔkÖxK…‡òi `qvÕ DcvL¨v‡bi wk¶v ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb Ggb `yB-GKRb gnvcyi“‡li cwiPq `vI|

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. wZwZ¶vi Aci bvg ....................| 2. †fv‡M gvby‡li ................. e„w× cvq| 3. Ac‡ii Kó ~i Kivi GK bvg ....................| 4. Z¨vM gvby‡li g‡b .................... G‡b †`q| 5. A‡bï cÖwZ .................... wn› ya‡g©i Ab¨Zg êwkó¨|


evg cvk Wvb cvk 1. ˆbwZKZv MV‡b Z¨vM nq bv 2. wZwZ¶v bv _vK‡j me©`v kÖ‡×q 3. Z¨vMx gvbyl `qvi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg 4. Rxe‡K `qv Ki‡j wb‡R‡K mg„×kvjx Kivevi Ck¦i mš—yó nb

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi ms‡¶‡c DËi `vI

1. `qv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq ? `qvi ywU D`vniY `vI| 2. kÖxK…ò kÖx`vg‡K `qv K‡iwQ‡jb †Kb ? 3. j²Y ivgmxZvi mv‡_ e‡b †M‡jb †Kb ? 3. ˆK‡Kqx ivRv `ki‡_i Kv‡Q ei `ywU cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb †Kb ?

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI

1. Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v Kv‡K e‡j ? D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v Kxfv‡e kvwš— Avb‡Z cv‡i Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3. Ô`qv Kivi gva¨‡g gvby‡li m¤úK© AviI „p nqÕ Ñ ÔkÖx`v‡gi cÖwZ kÖxK…‡òi `qvÕ DcvL¨v‡bi

Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|

48

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. ¯^qs weòz †Kvb hy‡M ivg AeZvii~‡c Avwef~©Z n‡qwQ‡jb ?

K. mZ¨hyM L. ØvcihyM

M. †ÎZvhyM N. KwjhyM

2. Z¨vM I wZwZ¶v Av`‡k© cÖfvweZ e¨w³ me©`vB Ñ

i. cwikÖgx

ii. mwnòz

iii. `qvjy


K. i L. ii

M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii

3. Rx‡e `qv Ki‡j Ñ

i. mgv‡R Kj¨vY mvwaZ nq

ii. mvgvwRK eÜb „p nq

iii. Avb›`gq cwi‡ek ˆZwi nq|


K. i L. i I ii

M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

4. AY©e I mRj mßg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| nVvr mR‡ji evev Amy ’ n‡q covq †m cix¶vi wd w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv| AY©e Zvi †cvkvK †Kbvi UvKv mRj‡K w`‡q †`q| mRj `ywðš—vgy³ nq Ges covïbvq g‡bv‡hvM †`q| AY©‡ei Pwi‡Î †Kvb ¸YwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ?

K. Z¨vM L. KZ©e¨

M. †mev N. mnkxjZv

5. mR‡ji cÖwZ AY©‡ei Gi~c AvPi‡Yi KviY n‡”Q Ñ

i. eÜzZ¡

ii. `qv

iii. KiyYv



49

1| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

bxjiZb I g‡bvigvi †ek my‡LB mvsmvwiK Rxeb KvUvw”Qj| †ek K‡qKeQi n‡jv Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv

mš—vbvw` n‡”Q bv| Wv³vi e‡j‡Q Zv‡ì mš—vb nIqvi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB| GRb¨ Zv‡ì yR‡bi

g‡a¨ GKUv nZvkv weivR Ki‡Q| evwoi Kg©Pvix `xbbv_ e¨vcviwU j¶ K‡i| †m `wi`ª| Zvi `ywU

mš—vb| `xbbv_ ¿x‡K ivwR Kwi‡q Zvi GKwU mš—vb‡K g‡bvigvi †Kv‡j Zz‡j †`q| g‡bvigv

bxjiZ‡bi msmv‡i kvwš—i Aven wd‡i Av‡m|

K. wZwZ¶v Kx ?

L. wZwZ¶vi gva¨‡g mgv‡R Kxfv‡e kvwš— cÖwZwôZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki ?

M. `xbbv‡_i Pwi‡Îi êwk‡ó¨ ivgP‡› ªi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. g‡bvigv I bxjiZ‡bi msmv‡i my‡Li Ave‡ni g~‡j i‡q‡Q `xbbv‡_i f~wgKvÑ †Zvgvi cwVZ DcvL¨v‡bi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|

50

mßg Aa¨vq

Av`k© RxebPwiZ RM‡Zi mKj gvbyl GK iKg bq| †KD †KD wb‡R‡K wb‡qB e¨¯Í _v‡K| memgq wb‡Ri g½‡ji K_vB wPš—v K‡i| Giv mvaviY gvbyl| Avevi †KD †KD Av‡Qb Gi wecixZ| Zuviv Ac‡ii g½‡ji K_vI wPš—v K‡ib| wb‡Ri ¶wZ n‡jI Ac‡ii g½j K‡ib| †KD †KD msmv‡ii myL Z¨vM K‡i RM‡Zi g½j mvab K‡ib| Guiv n‡jb gnvcyi“l ev gnxqmx bvix| Gu‡ì RxebPwiZB Av`k© RxebPwiZ| Gu‡ì Rxebx †_‡K Avgiv A‡bK wKQy wkL‡Z cvwi| Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K my›ìfv‡e Mo‡Z cvwi| Gu‡ì c_ AbymiY K‡i AvgivI RM‡Zi g½j Ki‡Z cvwi| G Aa¨v‡q RxebPwiZ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv| Guiv n‡jb Ñ kªxK…ò, kªx‰PZb¨, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`, gv mvi`v †èx, mvaK ivgcÖmv` Ges cÖfy RMØÜz|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv -

• kªxK…‡òi evj¨ I ˆK‡kviRxe‡b ewY©Z wewfbœ NUbvq cÖxwZ, b¨vq cÖwZôv, Rxe‡cÖgmn wewfbœ Av`wk©K w`‡Ki eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• ˆbwZKZv MV‡b kªx‰PZb¨‡`‡ei Rxeb I wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• ˆbwZKZv MV‡b ¯vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì Rxeb I wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• ˆbwZKZv MV‡b gv mvi`v †èxi Rxeb I wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• ˆbwZKZv MV‡b mvaK ivgcÖmv‡ì Rxeb I wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• ˆbwZKZv MV‡b cÖfy RMØÜzi Rxeb I wk¶vi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

cvV 1, 2 I 3 : kªxK…ò

fMevb kªxK…ò ˆkk‡eB Amyi‡ì nvZ †_‡K †MvKz‡ji wkï‡ì i¶v K‡i‡Qb| g_yivi AZ¨vPvix ivRv Ksm Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK †Póv K‡i‡Qb| wKš—y cv‡ibwb| Zuvi nvZ †_‡K kªxK…ò wb‡R‡K euvwP‡q‡Qb, †MvKz‡ji Ab¨ wkï‡ìI euvwP‡q‡Qb| G‡Z Ksm Av‡iv wnsmª n‡q I‡Vb| wZwb †MvKz‡ji †jvK‡ì Ici AZ¨vPvi Av‡iv evwo‡q †`b| ZvB GKw`b †Mv‡civ hyw³ K‡i †MvKzj †Q‡o e„›`ve‡b P‡j hvb | kªxK…ò Ges ejivgI m‡½ hvb| †mLv‡b K…ò nb †MvcevjK‡ì `jcwZ|

wKš—y †MvKzj †Q‡o e„›`ve‡b †M‡j Kx n‡e? Ksm K…ò‡K gvi‡ebB| ZvB wZwb G‡Ki ci GK AbyPi cvwV‡q‡Qb e„›`ve‡b| K…ò‡K gvivi Rb¨| AbyP‡iiv wewfbœ QÙ‡e‡k e„›`ve‡b †M‡Q| wKš—y fMevb kªxK…ò Zuvi wè¨ Ávbe‡j Zv Rvb‡Z †c‡i mevB‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| d‡j wZwbI i¶v †c‡q‡Qb Ges Ab¨ †Mvcevj‡KivI i¶v †c‡q‡Q|

ermvmyi ea GKw`b kªxK…ò, ejivg Ges Ab¨vb¨ †Mvcevj‡Kiv Mi“ Pivw”Q‡jb| ZLb Ks‡mi GK AbyPi evQy‡ii i~c a‡i K…ò‡K gvi‡Z G‡jv| †KD hv‡Z eyS‡Z bv cv‡i ZvB †m Mi“-evQy‡ii m‡½ wg‡k †Mj| wKš—y K…ò wVKB Zv‡K wPb‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb ermvmy‡ii †jR I `y-cv a‡i †Rv‡i GK Mv‡Qi Ici AvQ‡o †d‡jb| d‡j ermvmyi gviv hvq|


51

eKvmyi ea ermvmyi gviv †M‡j Ksm K…ò‡K gvivi Rb¨ eKvmyi‡K cvVv‡jb| GKw`b †Mvcevj‡Kiv hgybv b`xi Zx‡i †LjwQj| kªxK…òI Zv‡ì m‡½ wQ‡jb| †Mvcevj‡Kiv b`xi Zx‡i cÖKvÊ GK eK cvwL †`L‡Z †cj| K…ò Zvi wbKU †h‡ZB eKvmyi Zuv‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z GwM‡q Gj| K…ò ZLb Zvi weivU †VuvU`y‡Uv a‡i we`xY© K‡i †dj‡jb| eKvmyi gviv †Mj|

ANvmyi ea ANvmyi n‡jv c~Zbv iv¶mxi fvB| Ksm Zv‡K †W‡K ej‡jb, ÔK…ò †Zvgvi †evb‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Zzwg Gi cÖwZ‡kva bvI|Õ ANvmyi m¤§Z n‡q e „›`ve‡b P‡j †Mj|

GKw`b K…òmn †Mvcevj‡Kiv GK e‡bi av‡i †LjwQj| ANvmyi Av‡M †_‡KB †mLv‡b wM‡q ARM‡ii i~c aij Ges weivU nuv K‡i PzcPvc c‡o iBj| †Mvcevj‡Kiv eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| Zviv g‡b K‡i‡Q †Kv‡bv wMwi¸nv n‡e| ZvB Zviv ARM‡ii gy‡Li g‡a¨ Xy‡K coj| wKš—y K…ò Kv‡Q G‡m eyS‡Z cvi‡jb G wMwi¸nv bq| ARMiiƒcx †Kv‡bv Amyi| ZLb wZwb ARM‡ii gy‡Li g‡a¨ wM‡q Ggbfv‡e ùvov‡jb †h ARM‡ii k¦vm-cÖk¦vm eÜ n‡q †Mj| d‡j ANvmyi gviv †Mj Ges †MvcevjKMYmn K…ò †eu‡P †M‡jb|

Gfv‡e Ksm kªxK…ò‡K gvivi Rb¨ Awióvmyi, †Kkx `vbe I †e¨vgvmyi‡KI cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wKš—y K…‡òi nv‡Z mK‡jiB g„Zz¨ nq| d‡j †Mvcevj‡Kivmn wZwbI i¶v cvb|

GQvov kªxK…ò Av‡iv A‡bK RbwnZKi KvR K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Ñ Kvjxq `gb, `vevwMœ cvb, k•LP~o ea, †Mvea©b aviY BZ¨vw`| Kvjxq `gb

Mi“‡oi f‡q Kvwj›`x n«‡` Avkªq wb‡qwQj Kvjxq bv‡g GK gnvwelai mvc| Zvi we‡l n«‡ì Rj n‡q wM‡qwQj welv³| †h-†KD H n«‡ì Rj cvb Ki‡j Zr¶Yvr gviv †hZ|

GKw`b kªxK…ò †MvcevjK‡ì m‡½ wb‡q H n«‡ì cv‡o †LjwQ‡jb| ZLb Z…òvZ© n‡q K‡qKRb evjK n«‡ì Rj cvb K‡i| G‡Z Zv‡ì g„Zz nq| wKš—y fMevb kªxK…‡òi K…cvq Zviv Rxeb wd‡i cvq| K…ò eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, wbðqB GB n«‡` welai †Kv‡bv mvc Av‡Q|

Zvi we‡lB n«‡ì Rj welv³ n‡q‡Q| wZwb ZLb wè¨Áv‡b Kvjxq bv‡Mi K_v Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| K…ò m‡½ m‡½ R‡j Suvc †`b| Avi Lv`¨ g‡b K‡i Kvjxq bvM G‡m K…ò‡K †cuwP‡q a‡i| K…òI Ggbfv‡e Kvjx‡qi Mjv †P‡c a‡ib †h Zvi cÖvY hvq hvq| ZLb Kvjxq eyS‡Z cv‡i Bwb mvaviY †jvK bb| ¯qs fMevb| ZLb †m ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡i| K…ò ZLbB Zuv‡K n« †_‡K P‡j

52

†h‡Z ej‡jb| Kvjxq ZLb Zvi g~j Avkªq igYK Øx‡c wd‡i hvq| Gici †_‡K Kvwj›`xi Rj Avevi cv‡bi †hvM¨ nq|

`vevwMœ cvb

GKw`b mKj †Mvc wg‡j hgybvi Zx‡i ebf~wg‡Z Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb| nVvr e‡b `vevbj R¡‡j I‡V| `vD `vD K‡i Av¸b R¡j‡Q| cvjvevi c_ †bB| mevB euvPvi Rb¨ nvnvKvi Ki‡Q| K…ò ZLb mKj‡K Afq †`b| wZwb mKj‡K kvš— _vKvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Zvici Hk¦wiK e‡j wZwb †mB `vevbj cvb K‡ib| d‡j `vevbj †_‡K mK‡j i¶v cvq|

†Mvea©b aviY

GKw`b mKj †Mvc wg‡j B›`ªc~Rvi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb| Zv †`‡L K…ò b›`‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ÔB› ª‡K c~Rv Ki‡Qb †Kb, evev?Õ b›` ej‡jb, ÔB› ª e„wói †èZv| wZwb e„wó †`b e‡jB Z…Y, Zi“-jZv BZ¨vw` R‡b¥ Ges e„w× cvq| Zv †L‡q Avgv‡ì Mvfx¸‡jv üócyó nq Ges A‡bK `ya †`q| ZvB Avgiv B›`ªc~Rv KiwQ|Õ K…ò ej‡jb, ÔGB †Mvea©b wMwi †Zv Z…Y, Zi“-jZv BZ¨vw` Drcv`b K‡i| Zv †L‡q Avgv‡ì Mi“¸‡jv üócyó nq| ZvB Avmyb Avgiv †Mvea©b wMwii c~Rv Kwi|Õ

K…ò BwZc~‡e© A‡bK Amva¨ mvab K‡i‡Qb| A‡bK wec` †_‡K †Mvc‡ì i¶v K‡i‡Qb| ZvB Zuvi K_v †KD D‡c¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| ZLb mevB wg‡j wewea DcPv‡i †Mvea©b wMwii c~Rv Ki‡jb|

Gw`‡K cÖwZev‡ii g‡Zv GeviI c~Rv bv †c‡q †èivR B› ª †¶‡c †M‡jb| wZwb †gNmg~n‡K Av‡`k w`‡jb Zzgyj eRª I e„wócvZ NUv‡Z| ïi“ n‡jv eRª I e„wócvZ| me †f‡m †h‡Z jvMj| †Mvciv KvbœvKvwU ïi“ K‡i w`j| ZLb kªxK…ò Zuvi evg nv‡Zi Kwbô AvOyj Øviv †Mvea©b wMwi‡K k~‡b¨ Zz‡j ai‡jb| mKj †Mvc Zv‡ì Mi“-evQyi Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmcÎ wb‡q Zvi wb‡P Avkªq wbj| Zv †`‡L B›`ª eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, ¯^qs weòz K…òveZvii~‡c Rb¥ wb‡q G KvR Ki‡Qb| ZLb wZwb jw¾Z n‡q K…‡òi Kv‡Q G‡m ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡ib| Zvici Avevi me ¯vfvweK n‡q hvq| †Mvea©b wMwi aviY Kivi Rb¨ K…‡òi GK bvg nq wMwiavix|

wk¶v : kªxK…‡òi Rxebx †_‡K Avgiv GB ˆbwZK wk¶v cvB †h, fMevb Zuvi m„wó‡K fv‡jvev‡mb| y‡ói `gb Ges wk‡ói cvj‡bi Rb¨B wZwb AeZvii~‡c Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ZLb fMevb n‡jI wZwb gvby‡li g‡ZvB AvPiY K‡ib| Zv‡ì m‡½ ¯vfvweKfv‡e †gjv‡gkv K‡ib| Zv‡ì g½‡ji Rb¨ m¤¢e-Am¤¢e me KvRB wZwb K‡i _v‡Kb| †h-†Kv‡bv wec` †_‡K Rxe‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ wZwb mvg‡b GwM‡q hvb|

K…ò Zuvi ˆK‡kv‡i ermi~cx Amyi, ARMii~cx ANvmyi‡K ea K‡i †h mvn‡mi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb, Zv Avgv‡ì mvnmx n‡Z DØy× K‡i| Kvjxq `g‡bi ga¨ w`‡q welv³ A‡cq Rj‡K my‡cq K‡i †Zvjvi ga¨ w`‡q RbM‡Yi DcKvi K‡i‡Qb| Avevi Kvjxq bvM‡K nZ¨v bv K‡i ¶gv K‡i †Ìqvi ga¨ w`‡q kÖxK…ò ¶gvi Av`k©I ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| `vevwMœ cvb I †Mvea©b avi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q mgv‡Ri g½j mva‡bi Av`k© cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgiv Zuv‡K fw³-kª×v Kie Ges AvgivI Zuvi g‡Zv A‡bï g½j mva‡bi Rb¨ h_vmva¨ †Póv Kie|

GKK KvR : K. kÖxK…‡òi Rxe‡cÖ‡gi wk¶v¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| L. b¨vq cÖwZôvq kÖxK…‡òi f~wgKv NUbvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| `jxq KvR : fMevb kÖxK…‡òi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvM‡¶Î wPwýZ Ki|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ


53

cvV 4, 5 I 6 : kªx‰PZb¨ kªx‰PZb¨ 1486 wLªóv‡ãi 18 †deª“qvwi fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½i beØx‡c Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv RMbœv_ wgkª Ges gvZv kPx‡èx| RMbœv_ wg‡kªi ˆcZ…K wbevm wQj evsjv‡`‡ki kªxn‡Æi (eZ©gvb wm‡jU) XvKv `w¶Y MÖv‡g| we`¨vwk¶vi Rb¨ wZwb beØxc wM‡qwQ‡jb| bxjv¤î PµeZ©xi Kb¨v kPx‡èx‡K we‡q K‡i wZwb †mLv‡bB ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡ib|

RMbœv_ wg‡kªi `yB †Q‡j Ñ wek¦i~c I wbgvB| GB wbgvB-B cieZ©xKv‡j kªx‰PZb¨ ev ˆPZb¨‡è bv‡g L¨vZ nb|

wbgvB‡qi AMÖR wek¦i~c †hŠe‡b Ni †Q‡o mbœ vm MÖnY K‡ib| wbgvB‡qi eqm hLb `k-GMvi, ZLb Zuvi wcZvi g„Zz nq| gv kPx‡èx Kwbô cyÎ‡K wb‡q Lye wec‡` c‡ob|evjK wbgvB wQ‡jb LyeB PÂj I `yiš—| Z‡e Lye †gavex| kPx‡èx Zuv‡K M½v`vm cwÊ‡Zi PZz®úvVx‡Z fwZ© Kwi‡q †`b| Zuvi †gav Ges i~‡ci Kvi‡Y mK‡jB Zuv‡K †mœn Ki‡Zb| ¸i“ M½v`vm Ggb GKRb QvÎ †c‡q LyeB Lywk| wbgvB ¯^fv‡e PÂj I yiš— n‡j Kx n‡e? covïbvi †ejvq wQ‡jb LyeB wbôvevb| ZvB AíKv‡ji g‡a¨B wZwb e¨vKiY, AjsKvi, ¯§„wZ I b¨vq kv‡ ¿ AMva cvwÊZ¨ AR©b K‡ib| †lvj eQi eq‡mB wZwb ÔcwÊZ wbgvBÕ e‡j mviv‡`‡k cwiwPZ n‡q I‡Vb| G-mgq wZwb GKwU †Uvj Ly‡j QvÎ cov‡Z jvM‡jb| AíKv‡ji g‡a¨B Zuvi Aa¨vcbvi L¨vwZ Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q coj| cy‡Îi GB L¨vwZ‡Z gv kPx‡èx LyeB Lywk| Zuvi g‡b Avb‡›ì aviv eB‡Z jvMj| wZwb wm×vš— wb‡jb †Q‡ji we‡q †`‡eb| K‡bI wVK n‡q †Mj| cwÊZ ej −fvPv‡h©i myj¶Yv Kb¨v j²x‡èx| kPx‡èx ZLb GKwU AmvaviY KvR Ki‡jb| ZLbKvi wbqgvbyhvqx wZwb †Q‡ji we‡q‡Z A‡bK cY wb‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš—y cYcÖ_vi GB wele„‡¶i g~‡j wZwb KzVvivNvZ Ki‡jb| webv c‡Y wZwb †Q‡ji we‡q w`‡jb|wbgvB †h KZeo cwÊZ wQ‡jb, Zv GKwU NUbv †_‡K †evSv hvq| †m-mgq Kvk¥x‡i GK weL¨vZ cwÊZ wQ‡jb †Kke wgkª| wZwb Kvkx, KvÂx, bvj›`v cÖf„wZ ¯’v‡bi cwÊZ‡ì kv ¿wePv‡i civwRZ K‡i GKw`b beØx‡c G‡m Dcw¯’Z nb| wZwb mM‡e© cwÊZ‡ì cÖwZ †NvlYv K‡ib, Ônq ZK© wePvi Ki“b, bv nq RqcÎ wj‡L w`b|Õ Zuvi cvwÊ‡Zï K_v mevB Rvb‡Zb| ZvB beØx‡ci cwÊZ-mgvR fxZ n‡q c‡ob| ZLb Zi“Y cwÊZ wbgvB web‡qi m‡½ GwM‡q Av‡mb| M½vZx‡i `yR‡bi g‡a¨ Kzkj wewbgq nq| wbgvB‡qi Aby‡iv‡a †Kke cwÊZ Zr¶Yvr gy‡L gy‡L kZvwaK †k −v‡K M½v‡¯ÍvÎ iPbv K‡ib| Gici wbgvB ïi“ K‡ib Zvi mgv‡jvPbv| wZwb †Kvb †k−v‡K †Kv_vq Kx fyj Av‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡ib| wbgvB‡qi mgv‡jvPbv ï‡b Dcw¯’Z

54

cwÊZMY wew¯§Z n‡q hvb| †Kke wgkªI Zuvi fyj ¯^xKvi K‡ib| G NUbvi ci beØx‡c wbgvB‡qi cvwÊ‡Zï L¨vwZ Av‡iv †e‡o hvq|

wbgvB GKevi c~e©e½ åg‡Y Av‡mb| beØx‡c wd‡i wM‡q †kv‡bb mc©vNv‡Z j²x‡èxi g„Zz n‡q‡Q| G‡Z wZwb Lye AvNvZ cvb| msmv‡ii cÖwZ Zuvi gb D‡V hvq| ax‡i ax‡i Zuvi g‡a¨ ag©vbyivM cÖej n‡q I‡V| G welqwU eyS‡Z †c‡i gv kPx‡èx mbvZb cwÊ‡Zi Kb¨v weòzwcÖqvi m‡½ Zuvi Avevi we‡q †`b|

K‡qK eQi my‡LB Kv‡U| Zvici GKw`b wbgvB hvb Kvkxav‡g| ci‡jvKMZ wcZvi AvZ¥vi m`MwZ Kvgbvq wcÊ `v‡bi Rb¨| †mLv‡b wZwb Ck¦icyixi wbKU K…òbv‡g `x¶v †bb| G‡Z Zuvi g‡b weivU cwieZ©b Av‡m| beØx‡c wd‡i Aa¨vcbv, msmviag© me †Q‡o †`b| ïay K…òbvg K‡ib| beØx‡ci êòeMYI Zuvi m‡½ †hvM †`b| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb wbZ¨vb›`, kªxevm, M`vai, gyyKz›`, A‰ØZvPvh© cÖgyL| Guiv Zuvi cÖavb cvl© | Z‡e wbZ¨vb›` wQ‡jb me‡P‡q Kv‡Qi|

Abymvix‡ì wb‡q wbgvB evwo evwo wM‡q, GgbwK MÖv‡gi c‡_ c‡_ K…òbvg cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| G‡Z Aek¨ A‡b‡K ¶zä nb| A‡b‡K evavI †`b| RMvB-gvavB bv‡g gvZvj `yB fvB GKw`b wbgvB I wbZ¨vb›`‡K AvµgY K‡ib| wKš—y wbgvB †cÖgfw³ w`‡q mevB‡K Avcb K‡i †bb| Zuviv mK‡j wb‡R‡ì fyj eyS‡Z †c‡i wbgvB‡qi G †cªgfw³i a‡g©i cÖwZ kª×vkxj nb|

Gw`‡K msmv‡ii cÖwZ wbgvB‡qi gb G‡Kev‡iB D‡V hvq| wZwb msmvi Z¨vM Kivi K_v fv‡eb| Zvici gvNgv‡mi ïK¬c‡¶i GK Mfxi iv‡Z wZwb gv, ¿x Ges f³‡ì †Q‡o M„nZ¨vM K‡ib| Kv‡Uvqvq wM‡q wZwb †Kke fviZxi wbKU mbœ¨vma‡g© `x¶v †bb| ZLb Zuvi bZzb bvg nq kªxK…ò‰PZb¨, ms‡¶‡c kªx‰PZb¨|

kªx‰PZb¨ Zuvi †cÖgfw³i ag© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ ¯’vb Ny‡i †eovb| cyix, `vw¶YvZ¨, e„›`veb, Kvkx cÖf„wZ ¯’vb Ny‡i wZwb Rxe‡bi †kl AvVvi eQi cyixi bxjvP‡j AwZevwnZ K‡ib| G-mgq kªxi~c, mbvZb, iNybv_ fÆ, iNybv_ `vm, kªxRxe, †Mvcvj fÆ cÖgyL wewkó êòe cwÊZ Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb|

bxjvP‡j Ae¯’vbKv‡j kªx‰PZb¨ cÖvqkB K…òbv‡g Db¥v` n‡q _vK‡Zb| Ggwb Db¥v` Ae¯’vq 1533 wLªóv‡ãi Avlvp gv‡m GKw`b wZwb RMbœv_‡`‡ei gw›`‡i cÖ‡ek K‡ib| nVvr gw›`‡ii ìRv eÜ n‡q hvq| mevB evB‡i Db¥yL n‡q e‡m _v‡Kb| Zvici ìRv Ly‡j Zuv‡K Avi †`Lv hvq bv| †fZ‡i ïay RMbœv_‡`‡ei g~wZ©| f³‡ì aviYv, kªx‰PZb¨ RMbœv_‡`‡ei †`‡n wejxb n‡q †M‡Qb|

wn› ymgv‡R ZLb eY©‡f` I A¯ú„k¨Zv cÖejfv‡e we`¨gvb wQj| k~ ª I PÊvj‡ì mevB N„Yv KiZ| wKš—y kªx‰PZb¨ †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` gv‡bbwb| Zuvi †cªgfw³i a‡g© D”P-bxP, eY©‡f` I A¯ú„k¨Zvi †Kv‡bv ¯’vb wQj bv| wZwb AvPÊv‡j †mœn weZiY K‡i‡Qb Ges mevB‡K ey‡K ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| wb‡R eªvþYmš—vb n‡qI PÊvj‡ì m‡½ GK mvwi‡Z e‡m Avnvi MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Gi d‡j wn› y‡ì wewfbœ m¤cÖ v‡qi g‡a¨ †h we‡f` wQj, nvbvnvwb wQj, Zv eûjvs‡k ~i n‡qwQj| Gfv‡e wZwb wn› ymgvR‡K bvbv Ae¶q †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Qb| GUv Zuvi GKUv eo Ae`vb|

ïay wn› yB bq, Zuvi †cÖgfw³i Kv‡Q gymjgvb, wLªóvb BZ¨vw` RvwZ‡fÌ wQj bv| mevB‡K wZwb †cÖg w`‡q Avcb K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb e‡j‡Qb:

†hB f‡R, †mB eo, Af³ nxb Qvo| K…ò fR‡b bvwn RvwZ Kzjvw` wePvi \ DËg nTv êòe n‡e wbiwfgvb| Rx‡e m¤§vb w`‡e Rvwb K…ò Awaôvb \

Av`k© RxebPwiZ

56

we‡j †h cieZ©x Rxe‡b exi mbœ vmx n‡eb, ¯^vgx we‡eKvb›` n‡eb, Zvi Avfvm Zuvi †Q‡j‡ejvqB cvIqv †M‡Q| we‡j wQ‡jb Zuvi †Ljvi mv_x‡ì `j‡bZv| my‡hvM †c‡jB wZwb mv_x‡ì wb‡q Ôa¨vb-a¨vbÕ †Ljvq †g‡Z DV‡Zb| KL‡bv GKv-GKvB a¨vbgMœ n‡q †h‡Zb| a¨vb KivUv Zuvi GKUv wcÖq †Ljv wQj|

we‡j eo n‡q‡Qb| ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri cix¶vq fv‡jv dj K‡i‡Qb| GLb Zuv‡K mevB Avmj bv‡gB Wv‡K| b‡i› ªbv_| b‡i› ªbv_ weG-I cvk K‡i‡Qb| AvBb I `k©b wel‡q Zuvi AMva Ávb| G-mg‡q Zuvi g‡b GK cwieZ©b †`Lv †`q| wZwb †Kej Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© wPš—v K‡ib| Ck¦i wK Av‡Qb? Zuv‡K wK †`Lv hvq? G ai‡bi cÖkœ AninB Zuvi g‡b Rv‡M| wZwb A‡bK‡K G cÖkœ wR‡ÁmI K‡i‡Qb| wKš—y m`yËi †g‡jwb| Ggb mgq GKw`b Zuvi †`Lv nq mvaK kªxivgK…‡òi m‡½| ivgK…ò ZLb `w¶‡Yk¦i Kvjxevwo‡Z _v‡Kb| b‡i› ªbv_ GKw`b P‡j hvb †mLv‡b| ivgK…ò‡K wZwb wR‡Ám K‡ib, ÔAvcwb wK Ck¦i †`‡L‡Qb?Õ ivgK…ò nvm‡Z nvm‡Z e‡jb, Ônüv, †`‡LwQ; †hgb †Zv‡K †`LwQ| PvB‡j †Zv‡KI †`Lv‡Z cvwi|Õ

GB mv`vwm‡a mvaK kªxivgK…ò‡K b‡i› ªbv‡_i fv‡jv jv‡M| Zuvi cÖwZ †Kgb †hb GKUv fw³i fve †R‡M I‡V| ZvB wZwb wbqwgZ `w¶‡Yk¦‡i hvZvqvZ ïi“ K‡ib| GK mgq kªxivgK…‡òi wbKU Z¨v‡Mi g‡š¿ `x¶v †bb| b‡i› ªbv_ nb M„nZ¨vMx mbœ¨vmx| ZLb Zuvi bvg nq we‡eKvb›`| cieZ©xKv‡j f³iv Zuv‡K ¯vgx we‡eKvb›` ev ïay ¯vgxRx e‡jB WvK‡Zb|

we‡eKvb›` M„nZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb e‡U, wKš—y fviZel© Ges Zvi gvbyl‡K Z¨vM K‡ibwb| ZvB wZwb †ewi‡q co‡jb †`‡ki c‡_ c‡_| wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`L‡Z PvB‡jb fviZe‡l©i gvby‡li Ae¯’v| wZwb mviv fviZel© Nyi‡jb| †`L‡jb, mviv †`‡k †Kej `vwi ª Avi `vwi ª | †Kej Awk¶v Avi Kzwk¶v| †`kevmxi GB nxb Ae¯’v †`‡L wZwb Lye Kó †c‡jb| wZwb GB Awk¶v, Kzwk¶v Avi `vwi‡ ª i KviY Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| Kxfv‡e Gme †_‡K †`kevmx‡K D×vi Kiv hvq, †m-K_vI wPš—v Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|

†`‡k ZLb Bs‡iR kvmb Pj‡Q| civaxb †`k| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, c‡ii kvm‡b †`k aŸsm n‡q hv‡”Q| G †`k‡K euvPv‡Z n‡e, RvMv‡Z n‡e| †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z n‡e| civaxb †`k KL‡bv DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †`‡ki `vwi ª `~i Ki‡Z n‡e| Awk¶v-Kzwk¶v ~i Ki‡Z n‡e| me gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z n‡e| mevi g‡a¨ AvZ¥wek¦vm RvwM‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB †`‡ki DbœwZ n‡e|

1893 wLªóv‡ã we‡eKvb›` Av‡gwiKv hvb| †mLv‡b wkKv‡Mv kn‡i AbywôZ wek¦ag© m‡¤§j‡b wZwb e³„Zv †`b| e³ „Zvi ïi“‡Z wZwb Dcw¯’Z mKj‡K ÔfwMbx I åvZ…e„›`Õ e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡ib| Abïv K‡i‡Qb cÖ_vMZfv‡e Ôf ª gwnjv I f ª g‡nv`qMYÕ e‡j| wKš—y we‡eKvb‡›ì gy‡L GB bZzb m‡¤^vab ï‡b Dcw¯’Z mK‡j gy» nb| ARvbv A‡Pbv †jvK‡ì Gfv‡e fvB-†evb e‡j Avcb K‡i †bqvi gvbwmKZv †`‡L Zuviv wew¯§Z nb| Zvici we‡eKvb›` Zuvi e³ „Zvq e‡jb, Ôwn› yag© c„w_exi mKj ag©‡K mgvb mZ¨ g‡b K‡i| me a‡g©i j¶¨B GK| b`xmg~n †hgb GK mvM‡i wM‡q wgwjZ nq, †Zgwb mKj a‡g©iB j¶¨ GK Ñ Ck¦ijvf| ZvB weev` bq, mnvqZv; webvk bq, ci¯ú‡ii fve MÖnY; gZwe‡iva bq, mgš^q I kvwš—|Õ we‡eKvb‡›ì GB e³ „Zvq mevB AZ¨š— Lywk nb| ag©mfvi wePv‡i wZwb nb †kªô e³v| ZLb Zuvi eqm gvÎ wÎk eQi AvU gvm|

ag©mfvq e³„Zvi ci mviv Av‡gwiKvq we‡eKvb‡›ì bvg Qwo‡q c‡o| wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K AvnŸvb Av‡m e³„Zvi Rb¨| wZwbI wn› y ag©-`k©b m¤ú‡K© G‡Ki ci GK e³„Zv w`‡q Av‡gwiKv Rq K‡ib| Zvici hvb BD‡ivc| Bsj¨vÛ, d«vÝ, BZvwj cÖf„wZ †`k Ny‡i †eovb Ges e³„Zv †`b| Zuvi e³„Zv †_‡K BD‡iv‡ci gvbyl wn› y ag© I `k©b m¤ú‡K© bZzb K‡i Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| A‡b‡K Zuvi cig f³ n‡q hvb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ gvM©v‡iU GwjRv‡e_ †bvej-Gi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L‡hvM¨| wZwb we‡eKvb‡›ì Av`‡k© GZUvB DØy× nb †h, wb‡Ri Rb¥f~wg

Av`k© RxebPwiZ


57

Avqvij¨vÛ †Q‡o fviZe‡l© P‡j Av‡mb| we‡eKvb‡›ì Kv‡Q wZwb `x¶v †bb| ZLb Zuvi bvg nq fwMbx wb‡ew`Zv|

cÖvq Pvi eQi c„w_ex ågY K‡i we‡eKvb›` 1897 wLªóv‡ã †`‡k †d‡ib| †`‡ki gvbyl Zuv‡K gnvmgv`‡i MÖnY K‡i| wekvj msea©bv †`q| msea©bv Abyôv‡b wZwb †`‡ki gvbyl‡K Ab¨v‡qi wei“‡× jo‡Z e‡jb| mg¯Í Kzms¯‹vi cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z e‡jb| †`‡ki me gvbyl‡K we‡f` fy‡j GK n‡Z e‡jb| wZwb e‡jb, kw³ I mvnwmKZvB ag©| ye©jZv I Kvcyi“lZvB cvc| ¯vaxZvB ag©, civaxbZvB cvc|

we‡eKvb›` ej‡Zb, mZ¨B mKj a‡g©i wfwË| c‡ivcKviB ag©, cicxobB cvc| mr nIqv Avi mr Kg© Kiv a‡g©i A½| bxP RvwZ, g~L©, `wi ª, AÁ, gywP, †g_i mK‡jB Avgv‡ì fvB| G‡ì †mevB cig ag©| AvZ¥wek¦vm I Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ñ G- ywU wRwbmB DbœwZ jv‡fi GKgvÎ Dcvq| hyeK‡ì Av‡M kixi MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici ag© PP©v Ki‡e| ye©j kix‡i ag©PP©v nq bv| †Kv‡bv KvRB nq bv| GRb¨ Zv‡ì MxZv covi Av‡M dzUej †Lj‡Z n‡e| Zv‡Z kixi MwVZ n‡e| ZLb Zviv MxZv Av‡iv fv‡jv eyS‡e| me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© K_v n‡jv Ñ Lvwj †c‡U ag© nq bv| ZvB mevi Av‡M gvby‡li `vwi ª †NvPv‡Z n‡e| Ck¦iÁv‡b Rx‡ei †mev Ki‡Z n‡e| Rxe‡mev Ki‡jB Ck¦i‡mev n‡e| G e¨vcv‡i Zuvi weL¨vZ Dw³wU ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:

eûi~‡c m¤§y‡L †Zvgvi Qvwo †Kv_v LuywRQ Ck¦i? Rx‡e †cÖg K‡i †hB Rb †mB Rb †mwe‡Q Ck¦i\

we‡eKvb‡›ì Kv‡Q DuPz-bxPz †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` wQj bv| A¯ú„k¨Zv‡K wZwb N„Yv Ki‡Zb| we‡eKvb›` Zuvi ¸i“‡è ivgK…ò cignsm‡`‡ei bv‡g GKwU gV ¯’vcb K‡ib| ivgK…ò gV| cwðge‡½i nvIov †Rjvi †ejy‡o M½vi cwðg cv‡o GwU Aew¯’Z| mvaviYfv‡e GwU †ejyo gV bv‡g cwiwPZ| gvbe‡mevi Av`k© wb‡q G gV cÖwZwôZ nq|

¸i“‡`‡ei Av`k© cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ we‡eKvb›` ivgK…ò wgkbI cÖwZôv K‡ib| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k GB ivgK…ò gV I ivgK…ò wgk‡bi kvLv i‡q‡Q| Gm‡ei cÖavb †K› ª †ejyo gV| evsjv‡`‡k †hme gV I wgkb i‡q‡Q, †mm‡ei cÖavb †K› ª XvKvi ivgK…ò wgkb| c„w_exe¨vcx GB gV I wgk‡bi gva¨‡g kZ kZ gvbyl‡K †mev cÖ vb Kiv n‡”Q| †mevi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wk¶v, wPwKrmv, AvcrKvjxb mvnvh¨ cÖ vb BZ¨vw`|

we‡eKvb‡›ì †meva‡g© †Kv‡bv RvwZ‡f` ev ag©‡f` wQj bv| RvwZ-ag© wbwe©‡k‡l wZwb †mev cÖ vb Ki‡Zb| GKevi †KvjKvZvq cÖPÊ ywf©¶ †`Lv w`‡qwQj| ZLb ivgK…ò wgk‡bi c¶ †_‡K Avkªq‡K› ª †Lvjv n‡qwQj| †mLv‡b K‡qKRb gymjgvb evjK G‡mwQj _vKvi Rb¨| G‡ì Kx Kiv n‡e Rvb‡Z PvB‡j we‡eKvb›` e‡jwQ‡jb, gymjgvb evj‡Kiv Aek¨B _vK‡e| ïay Zv-B bq, Zv‡ì LvIqv-`vIqv Ges ag©PP©vq hv‡Z †Kv‡bv weNœ bv N‡U, †mw`‡K we‡kl †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

we‡eKvb›` K‡Vvi cwikªgx wQ‡jb| KvR Qvov wZwb wKQyB eyS‡Zb bv| ZvB wekªv‡gi Afv‡e Aíw`‡bB Zuvi kixi †f‡O c‡o| d‡j 1902 wLªóv‡ãi 4 RyjvB †ejyo g‡V wZwb †`nZ¨vM K‡ib|

wk¶v : we‡eKvb‡›ì Rxebx †_‡K Avgiv GB bxwZwk¶v cvB †h, mZZv I wbf©xKZv gvby‡li `ywU †kªô ¸Y| GQvov †KD eo n‡Z cv‡i bv| c„w_exi mKj gvbyl GK RvwZ| ag© Zv‡ì c„_K c„_K n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e me a‡g©iB wfwË GK Ges Zv n‡jv mZ¨| mZ¨B ag©| c‡ivcKvi, ¯^vaxbZv Ñ G¸‡jv a‡g©i A½| civaxbZv I cicxob cvc| gvbyl‡K a‡g©i K_v ejvi Av‡M Zvi `vwi ª †gvPb Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY Lvwj †c‡U †KD a‡g©i K_v ïb‡Z Pvq bv| abx-`wi ª, gyywP-†g_‡i †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| mevB fvB-fvB| †Kv‡bv gvbylB A¯ú„k¨ bq, †ckv Zvi hv-B †nvK|

58

AvZ¥wek¦vm I Ck¦‡i wek¦vm DbœwZi cÖ_g kZ©| ag©PP©vi Av‡M kixi my ’ I ejevb ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY `ye©j kix‡i ïay ag© bq, †Kv‡bv KvRB wVKg‡Zv Kiv hvq bv|

we‡eKvb‡›ì GB wk¶v Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b Kv‡R jvMve| Zvn‡j AvgivI mdj Rxe‡bi AwaKvix n‡Z cvie|

GKK KvR : ¯vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì Rxebv`‡k©i wk¶vmg~n wPwýZ Ki| `jxq KvR : ¯vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì wk¶vi cÖ‡qvM‡¶Î wPwýZ Ki|

cvV 10, 11 I 12 : mvi`v †èx cwðge‡½i euvKzov †Rjvi RqivgevUx MÖv‡g mvi`v †èxi Rb¥| †m w`bwU wQj evsjv 1260 mv‡ji (1853 wLªóvã) 18 †cŠl e„n¯úwZevi| wcZv ivgP› ª gy‡Lvcva¨vq, gvZv k¨vgvmy›ìx| R‡b¥i ci Zuvi bvg ivLv nq VvKzigwY †èx| gv bvg iv‡Lb †¶gv¼ix| †mœngqx gvwm bvg iv‡Lb mvi`v| gvwmi ivLv bv‡gB cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| mvi`v †èx wQ‡jb Zuvi gv-evevi cÖ_g mš—vb| Zuvi Av‡iv GKwU †evb I cuvPwU fvB wQj|

mvi`v †èx‡ì cwievi m”Qj wQj bv| mvgvb¨ Rwg-Rgvi dmj Ges wcZv †cŠ‡ivwnZ¨ K‡i hv AR©b Ki‡Zb, Zv w`‡q †Kv‡bviK‡g msmvi PjZ|

†mKv‡j mvaviY †jv‡Ki aviYv wQj, †g‡qiv †jLvcov Ki‡j Avi msmv‡ii KvR Ki‡e bv| ZvB wcZv ivgP›`ª mvi`v †èxi †jLvcovi cÖwZ wQ‡jb D`vmxb| wKš—y mvi`v †èx wb‡Ri Drmv‡n fvB‡ì m‡½ MÖv‡gi cvVkvjvq †h‡Zb| Gfv‡e wZwb wKQy wKQy co‡Z wk‡LwQ‡jb, wKš—y wjL‡Z †k‡Lbwb| Z‡e K_K VvKzi‡ì K_v, hvÎv, KxZ©b cÖf„wZ ï‡b ï‡b wZwb bvbv wel‡q A‡bK Ávb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|

Kvgvi cyKzi MÖv‡gi ¶zwìvg P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi cyÎ M`va‡ii m‡½ mvi`v †èxi we‡q nq| GB M`vaiB weL¨vZ mvaK kªxivgK…ò cignsm‡è|

mvi`v †èx ¯vgxi mvwbœa¨ Lye GKUv cvbwb| Zuv‡ì `v¤úZ¨RxebI `xN© wQj bv| we‡qi eQi †`‡oK c‡i kªxivgK…ò P‡j Av‡mb `w¶‡Yk¦‡i| mvi`v †èx P‡j hvb wcÎvj‡q| yB eQi ci RqivgevUx‡Z Zuv‡ì Avevi mv¶vr nq| †mLv‡b wKQyw`b †_‡K kªxivgK…ò Avevi `w¶‡Yk¦‡i P‡j Av‡mb| `xN© mvZ eQi ci kÖxivgK…ò Rb¥f~wg Kvgvi cyKzi `k©‡b hvb| †mLv‡b mvi`v †èxi m‡½ Zuvi cybivq mv¶vr nq| G mgq kªxivgK…ò mvi`v †èx‡K Rxe‡bi KZ©e¨ I Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© A‡bK Dc‡`k †`b| wZwb e‡jb, ÔCk¦i mK‡jiB AwZ Avcbvi| †h Zuv‡K g‡b-cÖv‡Y fv‡jvev‡m, Wv‡K, †m-B Zuvi †`Lv cvq| Zzwg hw` WvK, ZzwgI Zuvi †`Lv cv‡e| Zuvi †`Lv cvIqvB Rxe‡bi D‡Ïk¨|Õ

¯^vgxi GB Dc‡`k mvi`v †èxi Aš—i ¯úk© K‡i| wZwb G‡K gš¿i~‡c MÖnY K‡i mvabvi c‡_ hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib| Ab¨ ¿x‡jvK‡ì g‡Zv wZwb wb‡R‡K msmvi-eÜ‡b Ave× K‡ibwb| ¯^vgx‡KI †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb mvabvi RM‡Z|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ


59

mvZ gvm c‡i kªxivgK…ò Avevi `w¶‡Yk¦‡i P‡j Av‡mb| mvi`v †èx P‡j hvb wcÎvj‡q|

Zvici `xN©w`b †K‡U hvq| ¯^vgxi wPš—vq mvi`v †èx DwØMœ n‡q c‡ob| wZwb wm×vš— †bb `w¶‡Yk¦‡i hv‡eb| wcZv‡K Zuvi g‡bvfve Rvbvb| ivgP› ª †g‡q‡K wb‡q iIbv nb| †mUv 1872 wLªóvã| dvêybx c~wY©gvq †KvjKvZvi M½vZx‡i M½vmœvb Drme n‡e| GB Drme‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB Zuviv hvÎv K‡ib| A‡bK Kó K‡i cv‡q †nu‡U Zuviv `w¶‡Yk¦‡i †cuŠQvb|

`w¶‡Yk¦‡i G‡m mvi`v †èx ¯^vgxi †mev-h‡Zœ gb-cÖvY †X‡j †`b| ¯^vgxi mvabvq hv‡Z †Kv‡bviKg weNœ bv N‡U, †m e¨vcv‡i wZwb wQ‡jb mZZ hZœkxj| wZwb wb‡RI ¯^vgxi Dc‡`kg‡Zv K‡Vvi mvabvq gMœ nb| Gi d‡j mK‡ji Kv‡Q Zuvi bZzb cwiPq nq ÔkªxgvÕ e‡j|

mvi`v †èxI Zuvi AvPvi-AvPiY I mvab-fR‡bi gva¨‡g kªxivgK…‡òi †hvM¨ mnawg©Yx n‡q I‡Vb| mK‡jB Zuv‡K AZ¨š— kª×v-fw³ KiZ| wZwbI mKj‡K mš—v‡bi b¨vq †mœn Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡e ¯^vgx-¯¿x wg‡j Ck¦i mvabvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|

1293 mv‡ji 31 kªveY (1886 wLªóv‡ãi 15 AvM÷) kªxivgK…ò ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| Rxebmv_x‡K nvwi‡q kªxgv †hb G‡Kev‡i GKv n‡q hvb, hwÌ Zuvi f³-mš—v‡biv me mgq Zuv‡K wN‡i _vK‡Zb| g‡bi kvwš—i Rb¨ wKQyw`b c‡i kªxgv Zx_©ågY ïi“ K‡ib| G Dcj‡¶ wZwb Kvkx, e„›`veb, cyix cÖf„wZ Zx_© ’vb ågY K‡i Av‡mb| G‡Z Zuvi gb A‡bKUv kvš— nq|

mvi`v †èx wkw¶Z wQ‡jb bv| wKš—y Zuvi gbUv wQj Lye D`vi| Zuvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Kzms¯‹vi wQj bv| Gi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq fMœx wb‡ew`Zvi GKwU NUbvq| we‡eKvb›` GKw`b wb‡ew`Zv‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb mvi`v †èxi m‡½ mv¶vr Ki‡Z| wZwb †M‡Qb| Zvi Av‡M GKRb wkl¨ wM‡q mvi`v †èx‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb wZwb GB †ggmv‡nevi m‡½ mv¶vr Ki‡eb wK-bv| DË‡i mvi`v †èx ej‡jb, Ôb‡ib GKwU †k¦ZcÙ cvwV‡q‡Q| Zv wK Avwg bv wb‡q cvwi?Õ †mKv‡j KZUv D`vi n‡j GKRb we‡`wkbx‡K Gfv‡e Avcb K‡i †bqv hvq?

†kl eq‡m kªxgv Lye Amy ’ n‡q c‡ob| wkl¨ mvi`vb›`‡K †W‡K e‡jb, ÔAvgvi †eva nq hvevi mgq n‡jv|Õ Gi wKQyw`b ci 1327 mv‡ji (1920 wLªóvã) 4 kªveY gv mvi`v bk¦i †`n Z¨vM K‡ib| †ejyo g‡V Zuvi †`‡ni mrKvi Kiv nq| c‡ii eQi †mLv‡b GKwU gvZ…gw›ì wbwg©Z nq|

mvi`v †èxi K‡qKwU Dc‡`k 1. c„w_exi g‡Zv mn¨¸Y PvB| c„w_exi Ici KZ iK‡gi AZ¨vPvi n‡”Q, c„w_ex Aev‡a me mB‡Q, gvby‡liI

†mB iKg PvB|

2. hw` kvwš— PvI, KviI †`vl †`L bv, †`vl †`L‡e wb‡Ri| RMr‡K Avcbvi K‡i wb‡Z †kL, †KD ci bq, RMr †Zvgvi|

3. mvab ej, fRb ej cÖ_g eq‡mB K‡i †b‡e| †k‡l wK Avi nq? hv Ki‡Z cvi GLb Ki|

mvi`v †èxi Rxebx †_‡K Avgiv cÖ_‡gB †h ˆbwZK wk¶vwU cvB, Zv n‡jv Z¨vM| Z¨vM bv Ki‡j eo wKQy nIqv hvq bv| mvi`v †èxi Z¨v‡Mi Kvi‡YB M`vai kªxivgK…ò n‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| hviv ïay msmv‡i Ave× _v‡K, Zviv RM‡Zi Rb¨ wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| gvby‡li g‡a¨ mn¨¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e| gvbyl Amwnòz n‡j mgv‡R kvwš— Avm‡e bv| †Kej A‡bï †`vl bv †`‡L wb‡Ri †`vl †`L‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB RMr‡K fv‡jvevmv hv‡e| RM‡Zi mKj‡K


61

Gfv‡e Rwg`vi yM©vPiY ivgcÖmv‡ì gvZ…fw³ I m½xZ iPbvi cÖwZfv‡K m¤§vb †`Lv‡jb| ivgcÖmv` P‡j †M‡jb Zuvi MÖvg nvwjkn‡i| Rwg`v‡ii †`qv UvKvq Zuvi msmvi †Kv‡bvg‡Z Pj‡Z jvMj| Avi GKg‡b wZwb gv‡qi mvabv Avi k¨vgvm½xZ iPbv K‡i Pj‡jb|

ivgcÖmv` M½vi Nv‡U e‡m Avcb g‡b ¯iwPZ k¨vgvm½xZ MvB‡Zb| Zuvi mygayi Mvb ï‡b †bŠKvi gvwS‡ì ùvo †_‡g †hZ| GKw`b beve wmivR-D`-†`Šjv M½vi Dci w`‡q eRivq hvw”Q‡jb| wZwbI eRiv _vwg‡q gb f‡i ivgcÖmv‡ì Mvb †kv‡bb| Zuvi gb AwZkq Z…ß nq|

ivgcÖmv‡ì gvZ…mvabv I k¨vgvm½x‡Zi L¨vwZ Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| b`xqvi gnvivRv K…òP›`ª ivqI ïb‡Z cvb G-K_v| GKw`b wZwb ¯^qs P‡j Av‡mb nvwjkn‡i| ivgcÖmv`‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib ivRKwe nIqvi Rb¨| wKš—y gvZ…mvabv Qvov wZwb Avi wKQyB Pvb bv| ZvB gnvivRvi cÖ Íve mweb‡q cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| gnvivRv ivgcÖmv‡ì cÖwZfvq gy» n‡q Zuv‡K wKQz wb®‹i Rwg `vb K‡ib| Avi Zuv‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib Ôwe`¨vmy›ìÕ bv‡g GKwU Kve¨ iPbv Ki‡Z| f³Kwe ivgcÖmv` k¨vgv gv‡qi AbyMÖ‡n h_vmg‡q D³ Kve¨ iPbv K‡i Zz‡j †`b gnvivRvi nv‡Z| gnvivRv Zuvi mfvKwe fviZP›`ª ivq¸YvKi‡K Kve¨wU co‡Z †`b| fviZP› ª Kve¨wU c‡o AZ¨š— gy» nb Ges Zuvi cÖ Íve Abyhvqx gnvivRv ivgcÖmv`‡K ÔKweiÄbÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|

k¨vgv gv wQ‡jb ivgcÖmv‡ì a¨vb-Ávb| Avnv‡i-wenv‡i, kq‡b-¯c‡b wZwb ïay gv‡qi K_vB wPš—v Ki‡Zb| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wKQyi cÖwZB Zuvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn wQj bv| wZwb nv‡Z KvR Ki‡Zb, gy‡L k¨vgv gv‡qi bvg wb‡Zb| GB GKwbôZvi Kvi‡Y k¨vgv gv-I Zuvi GKvš— AvcbRb n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Kb¨vi~‡c wZwb ivgcÖmv‡ì wbKU aiv w`‡qwQ‡jb| NUbvwU Gi~c :

GKw`b ivgcÖmv` N‡ii †eov euvawQ‡jb| Aci cvk †_‡K †g‡q RM`xk¦ix Zuv‡K mvnvh¨ KiwQj| GK mgq eq‡mi PvcjëkZ RM`xk¦ix †Lj‡Z P‡j hvq| ZLb gv k¨vgv †g‡qi i~c a‡i G‡m ivgcÖmv`‡K Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡ib| A‡bK¶Y c‡i RM`xk¦ix G‡m †`‡L evevi †eov euvav n‡q †M‡Q| †m evev‡K me Ly‡j ejj| ZLb ivgcÖmv` eyS‡Z cvi‡jb k¨vgv gv-B Zvi †g‡qi i~c a‡i G‡mwQ‡jb| ivgcÖmv` gv-gv e‡j WvK‡Z jvM‡jb| fw³fv‡e Zuvi `y‡PvL w`‡q AkÖ“ Mwo‡q co‡Z jvMj|

ivgcÖmv‡ì mvabv Pj‡Z jvMj| Mfxi †_‡K Mfx‡i| ivZw`b wZwb ïay gv‡qi wPš—vqB gMœ _v‡Kb| Zuvi GB GKwbô mvabvq GKw`b gv G‡m †`Lv w`‡jb| Pviw`K Av‡jvwKZ K‡i wZwb ivgcÖmv‡ì mvg‡b G‡m uvov‡jb| ivgcÖmv` gv‡qi Pi‡Y cy®úvÄwj Ac©Y Ki‡jb| Zuvi mvabv wm× n‡jv| gvZ…i~‡c Ck¦i mvabvi †h „óvš— ivgcÖmv` ¯’vcb Ki‡jb, Zv-B cieZ©xKv‡j kªxivgK…ò, evgv‡¶cv cÖgyL mvaK‡K G mvabvq DØy× K‡i|

ivgcÖmv` gvZ…mvabv Ki‡Z wM‡q †h-me k¨vgvm½xZ iPbv K‡i‡Qb, Zv evsjv m½xZRM‡Z GK Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| Zuvi Mvb¸‡jv ÔivgcÖmv`xÕ Mvb bv‡g cwiwPZ| Gi ga¨ w`‡q †hgb Ck¦imvabv nq, †Zgwb Rb¥`vÎx gv‡qi cÖwZI kª×v Ávcb Kiv nq| c„w_ex‡Z gv n‡”Qb mš—v‡bi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q Avcb| GB wPš—v †_‡KB nq‡Zv ivgcÖmv` Ck¦i‡K gvZ…Áv‡b Avivabv K‡i‡Qb| 1785 wLªóv‡ã GB gvZ…mvaK Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|

wk¶v : ivgcÖmv‡ì Rxebx †_‡K Avgiv cÖ_‡gB †h ˆbwZK wk¶vwU cvB Zv n‡jv, GKwbôZv| GKwbô _vK‡j †h-†Kv‡bv Kv‡R mdj nIqv hvq| wØZxqZ Ck¦i‡K gvZ…i~‡c mvabv Ki‡j Rb¥`vÎx gv‡qi cÖwZI kª×v Ávcb Kiv nq| ZvB GKwbôZv ïay ag©PP©vi †¶‡ÎB bq, Rxe‡bi me Kv‡RB _vK‡Z n‡e| RvMwZK wel‡qi cÖwZ wb‡j©vf n‡q GKwbôfv‡e Avgv‡ì me KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|

`jxq KvR : mvaK ivgcÖmv‡ì Rxe‡bi NUbvewj Ges Gi wk¶v wPwýZ Ki|


63

cÖfyi K_v Avi eënv‡i iRbx Awff~Z n‡q †M‡jb| wZwb evwo wd‡i mevB‡K G-K_v ej‡jb| mevB wg‡j nwibv‡g †g‡Z DV‡jb| nwi`vm †gvnvš— Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B cÖfyi K…cvq cÖwm× c`KxZ©bxqv i~‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡jb| ax‡i ax‡i dwi`cyi, ewikvj, h‡kvi cÖf„wZ †Rjvq nwibvg KxZ©‡bi GK A™¢yZ mvov c‡o †Mj| cÖfyi nwibvg KxZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q M‡o I‡V gnvbvg m¤cÖ vq| G m¤cÖ`vq MV‡b huvi Ae`vb †ewk, wZwb n‡jb cÖfyi Abyi³ f³ kªxcv` g‡n›`ªRx|

cwðge‡½I cÖfyi bv‡gi gvnvZ¥¨ cwie¨vß n‡jv| †mLvbKvi bxPz RvwZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ †Wv‡giv cÖfyi †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ n‡jv| †KvjKvZvi †Wvgcwj−i evwm›`v‡ì g‡a¨ msKxZ©‡bi `j M‡o DVj| Zviv n‡q DVj eªRRb| gvby‡li AwaKvi wb‡q gvbyli~‡c gv_v DuPz K‡i mgv‡R Pjvi mvnm †cj Zviv| mgvR cwieZ©‡b cÖfy RMØÜzi GB Ae`vb wPi¯§iYxq|

cÖfy GKw`b f³‡ì wb‡q åg‡Y †ei n‡q‡Qb| dwi`cyi kn‡ii AbwZ ~‡i GK R½jvKxY© RvqMvq G‡m wZwb ej‡jb, ÔGLv‡bB Avwg kªxA½b cÖwZôv Kie|Õ Gici Zuvi Aby‡cÖiYvq H ¯’v‡bB kªxA½b cÖwZwôZ n‡jv| GB kªxA½‡bB ïi“ nq cÖfyi M¤¢xiv jxjv| 1309 mv‡ji (1902 wLªóvã) Avlvp †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i 1325 mv‡ji (1918 wLªóvã) 16 dvêyb ch©š— 16 eQi 8 gvm cÖfyi M¤¢xiv jxjv P‡j| G mgq wZwb wQ‡jb †gŠbx| Gi wZb eQi c‡i 1921 wLªóv‡ã cÖfy Bnjxjv mseiY K‡ib|

cÖfy RMØÜz ÔkªxkªxnwiK_vÕ, ÔP›`ªcvZÕ I ÔwÎKvjÕ bv‡g wZbLvbv MÖš’ Ges eû KxZ©b iPbv K‡i †M‡Qb|

cÖfy RMØÜzi K‡qKwU Dc‡`k

1. GUv cÖjqKvj, bvg msKxZ©bB mZ¨| G hy‡M GKgvÎ nwibvgB m„wó i¶vi Dcvq| †Kej nwibvg Ki, nwibvg Ki|

2. åóeyw× n‡q wcZv-gvZvi g‡b Kó w`‡Z †bB| †h msmv‡i kvwš— cvq bv, †m msmvi Z¨vM Ki‡jI kvwš— cvq bv|

3. e„_v evKë¨q yf©vM¨| ciPP©v K‡Y© ev Aš—‡i ¯’vb wÌ bv| ciPP©v, ciwb›`v Z¨vM Ki| N‡ii †`qv‡j wj‡L †iL, ciPP©v wb‡la|

wk¶v : cÖfy RMØÜzi Rxebx †_‡K Avgiv GB ˆbwZK wk¶v cvB †h, me gvbyl mgvb, †KD DuPz-bxPz bq| †Kv‡bv

gvbylB N„Y¨ ev A¯ú„k¨ bq| mgv‡R mK‡jiB mgvb AwaKvi| wcZv-gvZv‡K Kó w`‡Z †bB| mvab Ki‡Z msmvi

Z¨vM Kiv jv‡M bv| ciwb›`v, ciPP©v fv‡jv bq| G¸‡jv Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e| GB wk¶v¸‡jv AvgivI Avgv‡ì

Rxe‡b †g‡b Pje|

GKK KvR : cÖfz RMØÜzi Dc‡`kmg~n Kxfv‡e wb‡Ri Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡e ? `jxq KvR: †Zvgv‡ì Rvbv †Kv‡bv gnvcyi“l ev gnxqmx bvix m¤ú‡K© `kwU evK¨ †jL|

64

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki : 1. kªxK…ò ............. Rb¨ AeZxY© nb|

2. kPx‡èx .......... wele„‡¶i g~‡j KzVvivNvZ K‡i|

3. K¬v‡m b‡i› ªbv‡_i AvPi‡Y cÖKvk cvq .............|

4. Rwg`vi yM©vPi‡Yi Abymi‡Y Avgiv ¸Yxi .................... Kie|

Wvb cvk †_‡K kã ev evK¨vsk wb‡q evg cv‡ki m‡½ wgj Ki :

evg cvk Wvb cvk 1. kªxK…ò wbfx©KZv 2. wbgvB‡qi cvwÊZ¨ cÖKvk cvq wb‡Ri †`vl †`Lv 3. kvw —i fq bv K‡i mZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv‡K e‡j ivgcÖmv` 4. g‡bvgvwjb¨ †iva Kivi fv‡jv Dcvq Av‡M hyw³LÊ‡bi Øviv 5. ÔKweiÄbÕ Dcvwa †c‡qwQ‡jb wè¨Áv‡bi AwaKvix `yM©vPiY

cÖkœ¸‡jvi msw¶ß DËi `vI : 1. †Mv‡civ †MvKzj †Q‡o e„›`ve‡b †Mj †Kb ?

2. ermvmyi Kxfv‡e kªxK…ò‡K nZ¨v Kivi †Póv K‡ib ?

3. Kxfv‡e †Kke wg‡kªi AnsKv‡ii cZb nq ?

4. mgv‡Ri Ici cÖfy RMØÜzi wk¶vi cÖfve „óvš— mnKv‡i eY©bv Ki|

5. mvi`v †èxi wk¶v Avgiv Kxfv‡e ev¯Í‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cvwi ?

wb‡Pi cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI : 1. kªxK…‡òi Kvjxq bvM `g‡bi wk¶v mgvRRxe‡b Kxfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq ?

2. ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì wkKv‡Mv‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ e³ …Zvi djvdj g~j¨vqb Ki|

3. Ôc„w_exi g‡Zv mn¨¸Y PvBÕ Ñ evYxwU D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki|

4. Kxfv‡e ivgcÖmv‡ì mvabv mv_©K nq ?

5. nwiRb m¤cÖ v‡qi eªRRb n‡q IVvi Kvwnbxi wk¶v e¨vL¨v Ki|

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. wbgvB‡qi wcZvi bvg Kx ?

K. †Kke wgkª L. RMbœv_ wgkª

M. bxjv¤i wgkª N. RMr wgkª

Av`k© RxebPwiZ


65

2. Kvjxq `g‡bi Øviv DcK…Z nq Ñ K. ejivg L. kªxK…ò M. RbMY N. Kvwj›`x

3. Avgv‡ì AvPiY †_‡K †h welq¸‡jv Z¨vM Kiv DwP Zv n‡jv Ñ i. ciwb›`v ii. wg_¨vPvi iii. K…ZÁZv‡eva



Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4, 5 I 6 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

ebkªx ¯vgxi wb‡`©kg‡Zv wbôvi mv‡_ ag©Kg© I mvsmvwiK `vq-`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| kZ K‡ói g‡aÏ wZwb nvwmgy‡L KZ©e¨ K‡i hvb| ZvB mK‡jB Zuv‡K fv‡jvev‡m|

4. ebkªxi AvPiwYK êwk‡ó¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb gnxqmx bvixi Av`‡k©i wgj Lyu‡R cvB ? K. gxivevC L. mvi`v‡èx M. kPx‡èx N. k¨vgvmy›ìx

5. mgvRRxe‡b D³ gnxqmx bvixi wk¶v n‡jv Ñ

i. RMr‡K Avcbvi Ki‡Z †kL, †KD ci bq

ii. mvab fRb cÖ_g Rxe‡bB K‡i †b‡e|

iii. †h msmv‡i kvwš— cvq bv, †m msmvi Z¨vM Ki‡jI kvwš— cvq bv|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

6. D³ wk¶vi mv‡_ ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q Ñ

i. wØ‡Rb mgv‡Ri mKj‡KB Avcb g‡b K‡i|

ii. gvjv evj¨Kvj †_‡KB wbôvi mv‡_ Rxe‡mev I ag©Kg© K‡i|

iii. msmv‡i Akvwš—i Kvi‡Y Kgj msmvi Z¨vM Kij, wKš—y kvwš— †cj bv|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

66

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1. Aa¨vwcKv wPÎ‡jLv K…òf³, AZ¨š— †gavex I AgvwqK| wZwb AZ¨š— wbôvi mv‡_ Aa¨vcbv Kivi cvkvcvwk gvby‡li RvMwZK I AvwZ¥K Dbœqbg~jK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| wZwb Ges Zuvi mš—v‡bi we‡q Ab¨ e‡Y© m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb memgq gvby‡li I mgv‡Ri DbœwZi K_v fv‡eb| D`viZv I fv‡jvevmv w`‡q mevB‡K nvwmgy‡L Rq K‡ib| Zuvi GB wbinsKvi Av`k© mKj‡K AvK…ó K‡i| †h‡Kv‡bv evavwecwË Avm‡jI wZwb Zv nvwmgy‡L Rq K‡ib|

K. gnvcyi“l Kv‡K e‡j ?

L. K…òfR‡b bvwn RvwZ Kzjvw` wePviÑ evYxwUi A_© eywS‡q †jL|

M. kªx‰PZ‡bï Av`‡k©i †Kvb w`KwU Aa¨vwcKv wPÎ‡jLvi AvPi‡Y cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. wbinsKvi Av`k© mevB‡K AvK…ó K‡i- DÏxcK I kªx‰PZ‡bï `„óv‡š—i Av‡jv‡K Dw³wU we‡k−lY Ki|

2. Awb‡gl GKRb D`¨gx I cÖvYeš— hyeK| cvovi Ab¨ †Q‡j‡ì wb‡q GKwU mwgwZ M‡o bvbv cÖKvi

mgvR‡mevg~jK KvR K‡i| MÖv‡gi †jv‡Ki A_©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ Zviv GKwU KzwUiwkí cÖwZôvb M‡o

†Zv‡j| MÖv‡g wk¶vwe¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ †QvU‡ì cvVkvjv I eq¯‹ wk¶v‡K› ªI M‡o †Zv‡j| gvby‡li

wec‡` Avc‡Ì bvbviKg mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| GQvov gvby‡li gvbwmK I AvwZ¥K Dbœq‡bi

Rb¨ mÜ¨vi ci Kv‡Ri Aem‡i †Q‡j‡ì wb‡q MÖv‡g bvgmsKxZ©b I ag©mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i|

Gfv‡e Awb‡gl I Zvi mwgwZi bvg Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| Awb‡gl Z…ß GB †f‡e †h mrwPš—v I

Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g cvovi gvbyl‡K HKë× K‡i‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

K. ¯vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì `x¶v¸i“ †K ?

L. Kxfv‡e ÔRxe‡mevB Ck¦i‡mevÕÑ „óvš— w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. Awb‡g‡li Kvh©vewj ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì †Kvb wk¶vi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. ÔmrwPš—v I Kv‡Ri Øviv gvby‡li g‡a¨ GKvZ¥Zv M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢eÕ Ñ K_vwU ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›ì wk¶vi cÖwZdjb Ñ g~j¨vqb Ki|

Av`k© RxebPwiZ


67

Aóg Aa¨vq

wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva ag©cvj‡bi ga¨ w`‡q ˆbwZK wk¶v AR©b Kiv hvq| G cy —‡Ki cwVZ Aa¨vqmg~n †_‡K Avgiv †R‡bwQ,

ˆbwZKZv MV‡b ag© LyeB mnvqK| G Qvov Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v I `qvi g‡Zv ˆbwZK ¸‡Yi „óvš—g~jK agx©q

DcvL¨v‡bi m‡½I cwiwPZ n‡qwQ| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv D`viZv, c‡ivcKvi, mrmvnm I cigZmwnòzZv cÖf…wZ

ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evamg~n Ges G¸‡jv AR©‡bi ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ ne| ˆbwZKZvi cvkvcvwk gv`Kvmw³i g‡Zv

GKwU A‰bwZK KvR Ges Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© †R‡b G KvR‡K Avgiv N„Yv Kie|


• ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶vi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• D`viZv, c‡ivcKvi, mrmvnm, cigZ-mwnòzZv G ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv wn› ya‡g©i Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z

cvie Ges G g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv Abykxj‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• gv`K I gv`Kvmw³i aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• gv`K †meb A‰bwZK KvR- e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie

• gv`K MÖnY †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Dcvq eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie

• mvgvwRK Rxe‡b ˆbwZK AvPiY Ki‡Z DØy× ne|

68

cvV 1 : ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶vi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© mZ¨, mshg, A‡µva, ¶gv cÖf…wZ a‡g©i `kwU j¶Y i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv GK-GKwU ˆbwZK ¸Y| whwb ˆbwZK ¸Y¸‡jv AR©b K‡ib Ges Rxe‡b I mgv‡R cÖ‡qvM K‡ib, wZwb avwg©K e‡j we‡ewPZ nb| †jv‡K Zv‡K fv‡jv gvbyl e‡j| wZwbB mgv‡Ri Ávbx gvbyl| Ávb †Kej AR©b Ki‡jB nq bv, Zv‡K ev¯—‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| myZivs ag©wk¶vi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv †h Ávb jvf Kwi, Zv‡KI Rxe‡b I mgv‡R cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| Avi hLb ag© †_‡K cvIqv Ávb wb‡R‡ì Rxeb I mgv‡R cÖ‡qvM Kwi, ZLb Zv nq ˆbwZK AvPiY| ag© †Kej AvPv‡i I AvbyôvwbKZvq mxgve× bq| ag© GKw`‡K ÔAvZ¥‡gv¶vqÕ A_©vr wb‡Ri wPigyw³ I kvwš—i Rb¨| Ab¨w`K †_‡K Zv ÔRMw×ZvqÕ- RM‡Zi ÔwnZÕ A_©vr Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨| D`vniY¯i~c ejv hvq, Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥vi~‡c Ck¦i Ae¯’vb K‡ib-G agx©q wk¶v Avwg MÖnY Kijvg Ges Gi g‡a¨B †_‡g _vKjvg| Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv jvf †bB| hw` Avwg Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥vi~‡c Ck¦i Av‡Qb †R‡b Rxe‡K Ck¦i Áv‡b kÖ×v Kwi Ges Rx‡ei †mev Kwi, Zvn‡jB †m agx©q Ávb AR©b mv_©K n‡e|

GLv‡b ag©wk¶v wQj : Rxe‡K Ck¦i e‡j we‡ePbv Ki‡e| Avi G †_‡K ˆbwZK wk¶v cvIqv †Mj : Rx‡ei †mev Kiv DwPZ| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, ag© n‡”Q ˆbwZK wk¶vi GKwU Dcvq| Avi bxwZ Qvov †Kej agx©q AvPvi-Abyôvb cvjb AvbyôvwbKZv gvÎ|

ˆbwZK wk¶v agx©q ïf †PZbv‡K RvMÖZ K‡i Avi ag© ˆbwZK wk¶vi wfwË‡K `„pZi K‡i †Zv‡j| Avgiv GLv‡b „óvš— ¯î~c wn› ya‡g©i Av‡jv‡K D`viZv, c‡ivcKvi, mrmvnm I cigZmwnòzZv G PviwU- ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva

m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kie Ges ag© I ˆbwZKZvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kie|

GKK KvR : ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶vi m¤úK© PviwU D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g eywS‡q †jL|

cvV 2 : D`viZv

ÔD`viÕ kãwUi A_© n‡”Q gnvb, m¾b ev mvay| D`viZv kãwU D`v‡ii fve †evSvq| A_©vr D`viZv n‡”Q Pwi‡Îi gnZ¡ ev mvayZv|

huviv mvay, huviv gnvb, Zuviv Kx K‡ib? Zuviv mKj gvbyl‡K mgvb g‡b K‡ib| abx-wba©b, cwÊZ-g~L©-mevB Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q mgvb gh©v`v cvq| mKj a‡g©i mKj m¤úª v‡qi gvbyl Zuvi Kv‡Q mgvb| D`vi e¨w³i cwiPq w`‡Z wM‡q ejv n‡q‡Q| D`viPwiZvbvs Zz emy‰ae KzUz¤^Kg&| G K_vi A_© n‡jv, D`viPwiZ e¨w³‡ì Kv‡Q c„w_exi mK‡jB BwóKzUzg (AvZ¥xq)| †KD ci bq| D`viZvi cwiPq cvB Kwe m‡Z¨› ªbv_ `‡Ëi Ôgvbyl RvwZÕ KweZvq, wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

Kv‡jv Avi a‡jv evwn‡i †Kej wfZ‡i mevi mgvb ivOv

GB †h, gvby‡li g‡a¨ †f`v‡f`nxb †PZbv G‡KB e‡j D`viZv| myZivs D`viZv GKwU ˆbwZK ¸Y Ges a‡g©i A½| D`viZv e¨w³i PwiÎ‡K DbœZ K‡i| D`vi e¨w³ KLbI GUv †cjvg bv, IUv †cjvg bv e‡j nv-ûZvk K‡ib bv| wZwb wb‡R‡K KLbI ewÂZ †eva K‡ib bv| cvIqv‡Z bq, †Ìqv‡ZB Zuvi Avb›`| D`viZv gb‡K cÖkvwš—‡Z fwi‡q †`q|

wn› yag© I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva


69

Ab¨w`‡K e¨w³¯v‡_©i wPš—v Avgv‡ì gb‡K msKxY© K‡i †Zv‡j| ZLb Avgiv mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨‡ì ¯v‡_©i K_v, my‡Li K_v Ges g½‡ji K_v fz‡j hvB| Zv‡Z mgv‡Ri DbœwZ I AMÖMwZ evavMÖ — nq| myZivs mgv‡Ri †¶‡ÎI D`viZv LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

wn› yag©MÖš’mg~‡n D`viZvi A‡bK DcvL¨vb i‡q‡Q| Fwl ewkô evievi wek¦vwg‡Îi cÖwZ D`viZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| †èZv‡ì g½‡ji Rb¨ àxwP gywbi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi D`viZv ¯Y©v¶‡i †jLv i‡q‡Q|

AvgivI Avgv‡ì AvPi‡Y D`viZvi cwiPq †è| Ac‡ii my‡L myLx ne, Ac‡ii yt‡L ytLx ne| Zvn‡j Avgvi e¨w³PwiÎ DbœZ n‡e| mgv‡RiI g½j n‡e|

GKK KvR : mgv‡Ri `yBRb D`vi e¨w³ wPwýZ K‡i Zuv‡ì ¸Y¸‡jv †jL|

cvV 3 : c‡ivcKvi ivZzj Avey‡ji mncvVx| Iiv GKB cvovq _v‡K| gv, evev Avi Aveyj wZbRb‡K wb‡q I‡ì cwievi| GKw`b Aveyj ¯‹z‡j Gj bv| Aveyj †Zv ¯‹zjKvgvB Kivi g‡Zv †Q‡j bq| ivZzj ¯‹zj †_‡K †divi c‡_ †Mj Aveyj‡ì evwo| wM‡q †`‡L Avey‡ji Lye R¡i| wKš—y Ii evev evwo‡Z †bB| Avey‡ji gv Aveyj‡K †d‡j †Kv_vI †h‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ZLb Aveyj GK‡`Š‡o wM‡q Wv³vi †W‡K Avbj|

GB †h Aveyj‡ì cwiev‡ii cÖwZ ivZz‡ji AvPiY, G‡KB e‡j c‡ivcKvi|

ÔDcKviÕ gv‡b fv‡jv Kiv| c‡ii fv‡jv Kivi bvg c‡ivcKvi| †Kv‡bv ¯v‡_©i cÖZ¨vkv bv K‡i c‡ii g½‡ji Rb¨ †h KvR Kiv nq, Zv‡KB e‡j c‡ivcKvi|

c‡ivcKv‡ii cwiPq cvB Kwe Kvwgbx iv‡qi GKwU KweZvq| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :

c‡ii Kvi‡Y ¯^v_© w`qv ewj

G Rxeb gb mKjB `vI,

Zvi g‡Zv myL †Kv_vI wK Av‡Q

Avcbvi K_v fzwjqv hvI|

c‡ivcKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡qI Rx‡ei †mev Kiv nq| †h‡nZz Rx‡ei g‡a¨ AvZ¥vi~‡c Ck¦i Ae¯’vb K‡ib, ZvB c‡ivcKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q, Ck¦‡iiB †mev Kiv nq| c‡ivcKvi Ki‡j e¨w³ D`vi nq| Zvi g‡b cÖkvwš— Av‡m| KviY c‡ivcKvi Kivi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi AvZ¥Z…wß Av‡Q| c‡ivcKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q Rx‡ei `ytLKó `~i nq| c‡ivcKvix Ges DcK…Z e¨w³i g‡a¨ ¯’vwcZ nq cÖxwZi eÜb| ZvB e¨w³Rxeb I mgv‡Ri †¶‡Î c‡ivcKvi ewjô f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

70

gnvfvi‡Z Av‡QÑGK`v GKwU iv¶m GK MÖv‡g G‡m Lye AZ¨vPvi ïi“ Kij| iv¶mUvi bvg ÔeKiv¶mÕ|

†m cÖwZw`b A‡bK gvbyl I M„ncvwjZ cï AvµgY K‡i †g‡i †djZ| Zvici wKQz †LZ, wKQz c‡o _vKZ| MÖv‡gi gvby‡liv ZLb eKiv¶m‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvj, ÔcÖwZw`b cÖwZ evwo †_‡K GKRb K‡i gvbyl †è| Gfv‡e GZ †jvK, GZ cï †g‡i †dj bv| eKiv¶m Zv‡Z ivwR n‡jv|

GKw`b GK cwiev‡ii cvjv G‡jv| H cwievi †_‡K GKRb‡K iv¶‡mi Lv`¨ n‡q gi‡Z n‡e|

ZLb gv Kzš—xmn cvÊ‡eiv cuvPfvBÑ hywawôi, fxg, ARy©b, bKzj I mn‡èÑ H evwo‡Z wQ‡jb| KvbœvKvwU ï‡b GwM‡q †M‡jb Kyš—x|

H cwievi †_‡K eKiv¶‡mi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e hvi hvIqvi K_v wQj, gv Kzš—xi Aby‡iv‡a cyÎ fxg Zv‡K i¶v Ki‡jb| eKiv¶m‡KI †g‡i †dj‡jb| MÖvgevmxivI wec` †_‡K gy³ n‡jv| fx‡gi G AvPiY c‡ivcKv‡ii `„óvš—|

AvgivI c‡ivcKvix n‡ev| Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì PwiÎ DbœZ n‡e| mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ gvbylI DcK…Z n‡e|

cvV 4 : mrmvnm mvnm kãwUi gv‡b n‡”Q fq bv †c‡q †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z GwM‡q hvIqv| wb‡Ri wec` n‡e †R‡bI Kj¨vYKi †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Suvwc‡q covi †h cÖe„wË, Zvi bvg ÔmrmvnmÕ| Rxe‡b Pjvi c‡_ mrmvnm †`Lv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| mrmvnm g‡bvej evovq| wbf©xKZvi m‡½ cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki gy‡LvgywL uvov‡Z †kLvq|

`jxq KvR : ci‡cvKv‡ii cuvPwU `„óvš— wPwýZ K‡i Gi cÖfve †jL|



71

mej hLb ye©‡ji Ici AZ¨vPvi K‡i| ZLb mrmvnmx `ye©‡ji c‡¶ ùvovb| Zvi Rb¨ jovB K‡ib|

gnvfvi‡Z Av‡Q, evjK Awfgby mrmvnm †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| ivgvqY, gnvfviZ, cyivY cÖf…wZ ag©MÖ‡š’ mrmvnm †`Lv‡bvi eû `„óvš— i‡q‡Q| †`k‡K i¶vi Rb¨ mrmvnm †`wL‡qwQ‡jb Rbv, cÖexi I we`yjv cÖgyL|

Avgv‡ì wcÖq gvZ…f~wg evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ gyw³‡hv×viv ZrKvjxb cvwK¯—v‡bi nvbv`vi evwnbxi wei“‡× ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì A ¿ej †ewk wQj bv| wKš—y Zuv‡ì ey‡K wQj mrmvnm| ZvB mrmvnm †`k‡cÖwg‡KiI GKwU êwkó¨| mrmvnm a‡g©i A½ Ges GKwU ˆbwZK ¸Y|

GKK KvR : mrmvnm cÖ`k©‡bi PviwU †¶Î wPwýZ K‡i †Zvgvi f~wgKv Kx nIqv DwPZ †jL|

cvV 5 : cigZmwnòzZv Avgiv gvbyl| gvbyl wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB wbR¯^ Ávb Av‡Q, eyw× Av‡Q, RMr-Rxeb m¤ú‡K© wbR¯ aviYv Av‡Q| wbR¯ gZ Av‡Q|

Avgvi †hgb wbR¯ gZ Av‡Q, †Zgwb A‡bïI wbR¯ gZ Av‡Q| wKš—y mvaviYZ Avgiv Kwi wK, Avgiv Avgv‡ì wbR wbR gZ‡KB eo K‡i †`wL| A‡bï g‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ w`B bv| A‡bï gZ D‡c¶v Kwi| Avi Gi d‡j Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q| we‡iva nvbvnvwb ch©š— Movq| wKš—y Avgiv hw` A‡bï g‡Zi mvieËv ey‡S wm×vš— MÖnY Kwi Zvn‡j †Kv‡bv we‡iva N‡U bv| eis mK‡ji g½j nq|

GB †h, A‡bï gZ‡K kÖ×v Kiv, A‡bï g‡Zi cÖwZ mnbkxj nIqv G‡KB e‡j cigZmwnòzZv|

c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK gZ, A‡bK c_ Av‡Q| ag©cvj‡bi †¶‡ÎI bvbv gZ I c‡_i m„wó n‡q‡Q| mKj gZ I c_‡K, mKj ag©‡K kÖ×v Rvbv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q cigZmwnòzZv cÖKvk cvq| cÖwZwôZ nq m¤úªxwZ|

kÖxivgK…ò cignsm‡è Lye mnR K‡i e‡j‡Qb : hZ gZ, ZZ c_| Dcv‡mï bvg Ges Dcvmbv I RxebvPi‡Yi c×wZi g‡a¨ wewkóZv wewfbœ ag©g‡Zi D™¢e NwU‡q‡Q| Avm‡j D‡Ïk¨ mK‡jiB GK| Zv n‡”Q mªóvi K…cv jvf Ges Rxe I RM‡Zi Kj¨vY|

kÖxg`&fMe`MxZvq fMevb kÖxK…ò ARy©b‡K e‡j‡Qb-

†h h_v gvs cÖc`¨‡š— Zvs¯—‰_e fRvg¨ng&|

gg eZ¥©gvbyeZ©‡š— gbyl¨vt cv_© me©kt (4/11)|

72

A_©vr †h †hfv‡e ev †hi~‡c Avgv‡K Dcvmbv K‡i, Avwg Zv‡K †mfv‡eB mš—zó Kwi| †n cv_© (ARy©b), gvby‡liv mKj cÖKv‡i Avgvi c‡_iB AbymiY K‡i|

cigZmwnòzZv mgv‡Ri k„•Ljvi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb| c‡ii gZ‡K ¯^xK…wZ bv w`‡j GK g‡Zi mv‡_ Ab¨ g‡Zi we‡iva Awbevh© n‡q DV‡e| †Kej wb‡Ri ag©gZ‡K †kÖô g‡b Ki‡j, Ab¨ ag©g‡Zi Abymvix‡ì Lv‡Uv Kiv n‡e|

G iKg gZvÜZv Rb¥ †`q ag©vÜZvi| Avi ag©vÜZv cwiYZ nq †Mvovwg‡ZÑ wnsmª mv¤úª vwqKZvq| myZivs e¨w³Rxeb, mgvRRxeb I iv‡óªi †¶‡Î cigZmwnòzZv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ˆbwZK ¸Y, a‡g©iI A½|

GKK KvR : mwnòzZv cÖ`k©‡bi cuvPwU †¶Î wPwýZ Ki|

cvV 6 : D`viZv, c‡ivcKvi, mrmvnm I cigZmwnòzZv- G ˆbwZK ¸Y¸‡jv Abykxj‡bi ¸i“Z¡ I Dcvq|

D`viZv gvbyl‡K gnvb K‡i| c‡ivcKvi Ki‡j mgv‡Ri g½j nq| D`vi e¨w³i GKwU ¸YI Avevi c‡ivcKvi Kivi g‡bvfve| Ab¨w`‡K c‡ivcKvi Kiv D`vi e¨w³i GKwU êwkó¨| GKwUi m‡½ Av‡iKwU RwoZ|

D`viZv I c‡ivcKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q ag© cvwjZ nq Ges ˆbwZKZv AR©b Kiv hvq|

mrmvnm n‡”Q fv‡jv Kv‡R mvnm †`Lv‡bv| y‡ói `gb, b¨vqwePvi, †`ki¶v BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î mrmvn‡mi cÖ‡qvRb|

cigZmwnòzZv m¤úªxwZ I kvwš—i Ab¨Zg Drm| cigZmwnòzZv mgvR‡K myk„•Lj iv‡L| hLbB cigZmwnòzZvi Afve N‡U, ZLbB D™¢e N‡U mv¤úª vwqKZv I msKxY©Zvi| myZivs kvwš—, m¤úªxwZ I k„•Ljvi †¶‡Î cigZmwnòzZv ewjô f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

`jxq KvR : ÔD`viZv, c‡ivcKvi, mrmvnm I cigZmwnòzZvB e¨w³PwiÎ‡K DbœZ K‡iÕÑ DË‡ii ¯^c‡¶ hyw³ `vI|

cvV 7 : gv`K †meb A‰bwZK KvR Gevi GKwU A‰bwZK Kv‡Ri K_v eje, hv †_‡K Avgv‡ì weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| Zv n‡jv gv`K †meb|

gv`K n‡”Q Ggb wKQz wRwbm, hv †bkvi m„wó K‡i| †hgb - wewo, wmMv‡iU, ZvgvK, g`, MuvRv, †n‡ivBb, c¨v‡_wWªb, †dbwmwWj BZ¨vw`| GQvov Ny‡gi Ilya bvgK †PZbvwkw_jKvix wKQz IlyaI gv`K wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|

gv`Kvmw³

gv`Kvmw³ ej‡Z †evSvq gv`K ª‡eï Ici wbf©ikxjZv Ges MÖn‡Yi HKvwš—K AvMÖn|



73

gv`K †meb I A‰bwZK KvR

gv`K †meb GKwU A‰bwZK KvR| gv`K‡meb e¨w³i †`‡ni ¶wZ, K‡i g‡bi ¶wZ K‡i A‡_©i ¶wZ K‡i Ges

cwievi I mgv‡Ri Ag½j †W‡K Av‡b|

†`‡ni ¶wZ

gv`K‡meb Ki‡j bvbv iK‡gi †ivM nq| †hgb, Lvev‡i Ai“wP, e`nRg ev nRgkw³ bó n‡q hvIqv, Acywó,

k¦vmbvwji ¶wZ, ¯’vqx Kd I Kvwk, nuvcvwb, dzmdz‡mi K¨vÝvi cÖf…wZ|

G Qvov ü &‡ivMI n‡Z cv‡i| wKWwb bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|

g‡bi ¶wZ

gv`K †me‡b †bkv nq| gv`Kvm³ Ae¯’vq we‡eKeyw× †jvc cvq| ZLb gv`K‡mex bv-Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ggb KvR

†bB|

Avw_©K ¶wZ

gv`K ªe¨ µ‡qi Rb¨ gv`K‡mex‡K cÖwZw`b cÖPzi A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq| G A_© †hvMvo Ki‡Z gv`K‡mex gv-evev

AvZ¥xq¯^R‡bi Ici Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i| KLbI KLbI Am ycvq Aej¤^b K‡i gv`‡Ki Rb¨ A_© msMÖn K‡i|

myZivs gv`K †meb Ggb GKwU A‰bwZK KvR, hv AviI A‡bK A‰bwZK Kv‡R wjß K‡i|

gv`K †me‡b cwievi I mgv‡Ri Ag½j nq| cwiev‡i kvwš— _v‡K bv| gv`K‡mex KLb Kx K‡i e‡m Zvi Rb¨

cwiev‡ii mKj m`m¨ DwØMœ _v‡K| mgv‡RI Gi cÖfve c‡o|

wn› yag© Abymv‡i gv`K †meb ev †bkv Kiv gnvcvc| gv`K‡mex gnvcvcx| †Kej Zv-B bq| gv`K‡mexi m‡½

m¤úK© ivLv ev PjvI gnvcvc| myZivs gv`Kvmw³ †_‡K Avgiv weiZ _vKeB|

gv`Kvmw³ †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Dcvq n‡”Q :

1. gv`K‡meb gnvcvcÑ agx©q G Abykvmb †g‡b Pjv|

2. gv`K †meb A‰bwZK KvRÑ myZivs ˆbwZK w`K †_‡KI Avgiv gv`K MÖnY Kie bv|

3. gv`K‡mexi m‡½ m¤úK© ¯’vcb bv-Kiv ev m¤úK© bv-ivLv|

4. cÖwZÁv Kiv :

gv`K‡K bv eje,

bxwZag© †g‡b Pje|

74

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki

1. AwR©Z Ávb‡K ev —‡e ................ Ki‡Z nq|

2. D`viZv gvbePwiÎ‡K ................. K‡i|

3. mrmvnm .................... evovq|

4. cigZmwnòzZv mgv‡R ................ cÖwZôvi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb|

5. Ôgv`K †meb gnvcvcÕ G agx©q Abykvmb .................. Pje|

Wvb cvk †_‡K kã ev evK¨vsk wb‡q evg cv‡ki mv‡_ wgj Ki :

evg cvk Wvb cvk 1. ag© †Kej AvbyôvwbKZvq AvZ¥Z…wß Av‡Q

2. D`vi Pwi‡Îi e¨w³‡`i Kv‡Q bvbviK‡gi †ivM nq

3. c‡ivcKvi Kivi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi Ab¨Zg Drm

4. gv`K †meb Ki‡j c„w_exi mK‡jB BóKzUzg

mxgve× bq

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi ms‡¶‡c DËi `vI

1. ÔˆbwZK wk¶v agx©q ïf †PZbv‡K RvMÖZ K‡iÕÑ Dw³wU „óvš— w`‡q e¨vL¨v Ki|

2. D`viZv aviYvwU D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki|

3. Kxfv‡e c‡ivcKvi Kiv hvq ? `„óvš— mnKv‡i e¨vL¨v Ki|

4. b¨vq cÖwZôvq mrmvn‡mi ¸i“Z¡ „óvš—mn e¨vL¨v Ki||

5. gv`K †me‡b †`‡ni Kx ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i ?

wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI

1. ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶vi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© D`vniYmn e¨vL¨v Ki|

2. mgvR I e¨w³Rxe‡b D`viZv Abykxj‡bi cÖfve we‡k −lY Ki|

3. mgvRRxe‡b c‡ivcKv‡ii Dcvq wPwýZ K‡i cÖ‡qvM †`LvI|

4. gv`K †me‡bi Av_©-mvgvwRK cÖfve we‡k−lY Ki|



75

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ

1. AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi ˆbwZK †PZbv‡K Kx e‡j ?

K. c‡ivcKvi L. D`viZv M. mZëvw`Zv N. KZ©e¨wbôv

2. mrmvnm ej‡Z †evSvq Ñ

i. †Kv‡bv Kv‡R fq bv-cvIqv

ii.Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q wec` †gvKv‡ejv Kiv

iii. `ye©‡ji c‡¶ b¨v‡qi Rb¨ jovB Kiv|

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK ? K. i I ii L. ii I iii

M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii

3. ÔhZ gZ, ZZ c_ÕÑ GwU Kvi evYx ?

K. kªx ivgP›`ª L. kªx ivgK…ò

M. kªx weRq K…ò N. kªx ivgcÖmv`

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 4 I 5 b¤î cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI

mvab gyLvR©x MZ `y‡M©vrm‡e weRqv`kgxi w`b ga¨vý‡fv‡R MÖv‡gi mKj —‡ii gvbyl‡K wbgš¿Y

K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ e‡m wZwbI Avnvi K‡ib| G‡Z Zvi eÜz my‡Lb PµeZx© wew¯§Z nb Ges

Abykxj‡b DØy× nb|

4. mvab gyLvR©xi AvPi‡Y †Kvb ¸YwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ?

K. ¶gv L. mrmvnm M. D`viZv N. c‡ivcKvi

5. D³ ¸YwUi Abykxj‡b my‡L‡bi KiYxq Ñ

K. fy‡ji R‡b¨ KvD‡K kvw — bv- †Ìqv

L. Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q wec` †gvKv‡ejv

M. mKj gvbyl‡K mgvb gh©v`v cÖ vb

N. c‡ii g½‡j ¯v_© Z¨vM|

76

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1| k¦ïi-kvïwo, †èi-bb`, †Q‡j-†g‡q wb‡q c~iex `‡Ëi my‡Li msmvi| Zvi ¯^vgx cÖev‡m PvKzwi

K‡ib| wZwb AZ¨š— âh© mnKv‡i msmv‡ii mKj `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwb cwiev‡ii wewfbœ KvR

†hgb- mš—v‡bi wk¶v, m¤ú` µq-weµq, weevn cÖf…wZ †¶‡Î m`m¨‡ì gZvgZ‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q

wm×vš— †bb| G‡Z cwiev‡ii mevB Zv‡K cQ›` I kª×v K‡i|

K. a‡g©i KqwU j¶Y i‡q‡Q ?

L. Ôag© n‡”Q ˆbwZK wk¶vi GKwU DcvqÕÑ e¨vL¨v Ki|

M. c~iex `‡Ëi Pwi‡Î †Kvb ˆbwZK ¸YwU dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ Zv ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva wk¶vi Av‡jv‡K

e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. cwievi I mgv‡R k„•Ljv Avbq‡b D³ ¸YwUi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb Ki|

mgvß


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