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ITU-T Workshop on IP/OpticalITU-T Worksho

p on IP/Optical

Optical amplifers and theirOptical amplifers and their

standardization in ITU-T &standardization in ITU-T &

IECIECAkira HiranoAkira Hirano

NTT Network Innovation Labs, NTTNTT Network Innovation Labs, NTT

CorporationCorporation

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OutlineOutline

• Standardization activities in opticalStandardization activities in opticalamplifersamplifers

• Trends in optical amplifers Trends in optical amplifers• Current standardization issuesCurrent standardization issues

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OutlineOutline

• Standardization activities inStandardization activities inoptical ampliferso

ptical amplifers

• Trends in optical amplifers Trends in optical amplifers• Current standardization issuesCurrent standardization issues

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Optical amplifersOptical amplifers- Transparenc o! phsical laer -- Transparenc o! phsical laer -

• Specifc parameters"Specifc parameters"

Output poer! "ain! #oise f$ure!Output poer! "ain! #oise f$ure!

%%  - Independent on si#nal !ormats$ %it rate$- Independent on si#nal !ormats$ %it rate$

etc -etc -

&'($ '($ duo%inar$ )&'($ '($ duo%inar$ )

OTU*$ OTU+$ )OTU*$ OTU+$ )

N R ZR ZD u o b i n a r y

O T U 1O T U 2O T U 3

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Cooperation ,ith ICCooperation ,ith IC

• IC roleIC roleSelectionSelection o! specifc parameterso! specifc parameters

DefnitionDefnition o! the parameterso! the parametersTest methodTest method o! the parameterso! the parameters

optical po,er$ #ain$ noise f#ure$ etc..optical po,er$ #ain$ noise f#ure$ etc..

•ITU-TITU-T

 rolerole

'euirement !rom the vie,point o! optical'euirement !rom the vie,point o! opticalsstemssstems ased on IEC defnition and testased on IEC defnition and testmethodmethod

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Cooperation ,ith IC-SC01C-Cooperation ,ith IC-SC01C-

W23 in 'ec. 2. 11*W23 in 'ec. 2. 11*

Table 1/G.661 – Recommended test methods for parameters defined in clause 4

"roup o' test"roup o' testparametersparameters

(arameters o' (arameters o' clause )clause )involvedinvolved

Test *ethod +T*, IEC .asicTest *ethod +T*, IEC .asicSpecifcation numerSpecifcation numer

2ain parameters2ain parameters 4.* to 4.0$ 4.*5$4.* to 4.0$ 4.*5$

4.3+$ 4.36$ 4.454.3+$ 4.36$ 4.451*+65-*-*" Optical spectrum1*+65-*-*" Optical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

1*+65-*-+" lectrical spectrum1*+65-*-+" lectrical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

1*+65-*-3" Optical po,er meter T71*+65-*-3" Optical po,er meter T7

Optical po,erOptical po,er

parametersparameters4.6$ 4.**$ 4.*+$4.6$ 4.**$ 4.*+$

4.+8$ 4.+0$ 4.+64.+8$ 4.+0$ 4.+61*+65-+-*" Optical spectrum1*+65-+-*" Optical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

1*+65-+-+" lectrical spectrum1*+65-+-+" lectrical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

1*+65-+-3" Optical po,er meter T71*+65-+-3" Optical po,er meter T7

&oise parameters&oise parameters 4.*3 to 4.*8$ 4.334.*3 to 4.*8$ 4.33to 4.31to 4.31

1*+65-3-*" Optical spectrum1*+65-3-*" Optical spectrumanalser T7analser T7

1*+65-3-+" lectrical spectrum1*+65-3-+" lectrical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

61290-3-3: Pulse optical TM (under study)61290-3-3: Pulse optical TM (under study)

'e9ectance'e9ectance

parametersparameters4.*1 to 4.*6$ 4.304.*1 to 4.*6$ 4.30 1*+65-8-*" Optical spectrum1*+65-8-*" Optical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

1*+65-8-+" lectrical spectrum1*+65-8-+" lectrical spectrum

analser T7analser T7

1*+65-8-3" lectrical spectrum1*+65-8-3" lectrical spectrumanalser T7 :!or re9ectanceanalser T7 :!or re9ectancetolerance;tolerance;

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'ecommendations and'ecommendations and

pu%lications !or opticalpu%lications !or opticalamplifersamplifers• ITU-T S2*8 'ecommendationsITU-T S2*8 'ecommendations"/ 001"/ 001" ?efnition and test methods !or the relevant" ?efnition and test methods !or the relevant#eneric parameters o! Optical @mplifers#eneric parameters o! Optical @mplifers

"/ 002"/ 002" 2eneric characteristics o! Optical @mplifer devices" 2eneric characteristics o! Optical @mplifer devicesand su%-sstemsand su%-sstems

"/ 003"/ 003" @pplication-related aspects o! Optical @mplifer" @pplication-related aspects o! Optical @mpliferdevices and su%-sstems and comprehensive @ppendi< ondevices and su%-sstems and comprehensive @ppendi< ontransmission-related aspectstransmission-related aspects

• IC TC01 SC01C Pu%licationsIC TC01 SC01C Pu%lications"eneric specifcation"eneric specifcation

Test methodTest method

(er'ormance specifcation template(er'ormance specifcation template

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OutlineOutline

• Standardization activities in opticalStandardization activities in opticalamplifersamplifers

• Trends in optical amplifersTrends in optical amplifers• Current standardization issuesCurrent standardization issues

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 Trends in optical amplifers Trends in optical amplifers

 -- ?>@ vs. 'aman -?>@ vs. 'aman -

• E45AE45A" 7ature technolo#" 7ature technolo#&e, materials :>luoride$ Tellurite;&e, materials :>luoride$ Tellurite;

&e, dopant :Pr$ Tm; AP?>@$ T?>@&e, dopant :Pr$ Tm; AP?>@$ T?>@

to exhibit broader and atter gainto exhibit broader and atter gain• 6aman amplifer6aman amplifer" @dvanta#e in lon#-haul :B;" @dvanta#e in lon#-haul :B;spacespace

S& improvement % distri%uted 'amanS& improvement % distri%uted 'aman

>lat #ain % multiple pump ,avelen#th>lat #ain % multiple pump ,avelen#th

7777 Efciency merit o EDFA is oset by required gainEfciency merit o EDFA is oset by required gainattening.attening. 

7777 Raman systems are challenging EDFA strongholdRaman systems are challenging EDFA strongholdin LHin LH alications.alications.

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Optical amplifer tpeOptical amplifer tpe

• 6are earth-4oped 5ier Amplifers6are earth-4oped 5ier Amplifersr%ium-?oped >i%er @mplifers :?>@;r%ium-?oped >i%er @mplifers :?>@; " C$ B-Dand" C$ B-Dand

 Thulium-?oped >i%er @mplifers :T?>@; Thulium-?oped >i%er @mplifers :T?>@; " S-Dand" S-Dand

Praseodmium-?oped >i%er @mplifers :P?>@;Praseodmium-?oped >i%er @mplifers :P?>@; " O-Dand" O-Dand

• 5ier 6aman Amplifers5ier 6aman Amplifers?iscrete 'aman @mplifers?iscrete 'aman @mplifers

?istri%uted 'aman @mplifers :?'@;?istri%uted 'aman @mplifers :?'@;

• Semiconductor Optical AmplifersSemiconductor Optical Amplifers :SO@;:SO@;conventional SO@conventional SO@2C-SO@ :2ain-Clamped SO@;2C-SO@ :2ain-Clamped SO@;

BO@ :Binear Optical @mplifer;BO@ :Binear Optical @mplifer;

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'are earth :r$ Tm$ Pr; -?oped'are earth :r$ Tm$ Pr; -?oped

>i%er @mplifers>i%er @mplifers• "ain and"ain and""

ErEr :C$ B-Dand;$:C$ B-Dand;$ TmTm :S-Dand;$:S-Dand;$ (r(r :O-Dand;:O-Dand;

  80 nm +1932-10:; nm, record $ain andidth in80 nm +1932-10:; nm, record $ain andidth in

sin$le and conf$urationsin$le and conf$uration E7. Famada etE7. Famada et

al.$O>CG60P?H.al.$O>CG60P?H.

-- >lat #ain" +* dD$ &oise f#ure" = dD>lat #ain" +* dD$ &oise f#ure" = dD

- 2ain eualizer" t,o 7( flters ,ith >S' o! 3+ and *+5 nm- 2ain eualizer" t,o 7( flters ,ith >S' o! 3+ and *+5 nm

1.48  mpump LD

WDM coupler 

1.48  mpump LD

WDM coupler 

Tellurite ED 1   2

4 m 1! m

"N OUT

MZ #ain E$.

M. Yamada et al., OFC’98 PD, PD7, 1998

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Semiconductor OpticalSemiconductor Optical

@mplifers@mplifers• "ain and

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>i%er 'aman @mplifers>i%er 'aman @mplifers• "ain and"ain and"" 1/3=1/8 um1/3=1/8 um :tuna%le % pump:tuna%le % pump

,avelen#th;,avelen#th;• 132 nm record $ain andidth132 nm record $ain andidth in doule andin doule and

conf$urationconf$uration has %een achieved E. 7asuda et al.$ COCG66H.has %een achieved E. 7asuda et al.$ COCG66H.-- Com%ination o!Com%ination o! 4istriuted 6aman amplifers +46A, and discrete 6aman4istriuted 6aman amplifers +46A, and discrete 6aman

-- T,o-#ain-%and 'aman amplifer T,o-#ain-%and 'aman amplifer

1 . 4 % &   mp u m p L D

W D M c o u p l e r  

1 . 4 ' &   m

1 . 4 ( &   m

1 . & 1 !   mp u m p L D

W D M c o u p l e r  

R a m a n ) i b e r " "8 . 3 * m " " "& . ! * m" N

O U T

M Z # a i n E $ .

+. Ma,u-a et al. E/O/0(( ""14' 1(((

1 . & 4 &   mp u m p L D

" 2& . ! * m

1 . & 4 &   mp u m p L D

R a m a n ) i b e r "& . ! * m

1 . & 4 &   mp u m p L D

/ o m b i n e r  D i 3 i - e r 

1 . 4 1 &   mp u m p L D

W D M c o u p l e r  

D & ! * m

D i , t r i b u t e - 5 a i n

D i , c r e t e 5 a i n

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2ain profle o! h%rid ?'@2ain profle o! h%rid ?'@ 132 nm Recor- #ain 7an-i-t9 in Double7an- /on)i5uration

25

20

15

10

5

0

-5

-10

   G  a   i  n   (   d   B   )

15010015501500

!a"elen#t$ (nm)

>1 nm

 distributed gain

 discrete gain

 total gain

 fiber loss

)1 nm

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2ain %and,idth o! optical2ain %and,idth o! optical

amplifersamplifers1''! nm1'4!1'2!1'!!1&8!1&'!1&4!1&2!1&!!14'!144! 148!

1''! nm1'4!1'2!1'!!1&8!1&'!1&4!1&2!1&!!14'!144! 148!

luori-e ED: '2 nm

ED: &2 nm

ED: ;4% nm

Tellurite ED: %' nm<

TD: 3% nm

TD: 3& nm

Raman = luori-e ED: 8! nm

Di,t. Raman = luori-e ED: 83 nm

Raman = TD: &3 nm

Raman 18 nm

Raman 4! nm

Raman 1!! nm

Raman 132 nm

/7an- L7an-7an- U7an-E7an-

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Optical amplifer classifcations :2.Optical amplifer classifcations :2.

11+;11+;

- >unctional %locks -- >unctional %locks -•  The The &ooster power 'mplifer !&'%&ooster power 'mplifer !&'%""

a hi$h saturation-poer OA device to e useda hi$h saturation-poer OA device to e useddirectl? a'ter the optical transmitter to increase itsdirectl? a'ter the optical transmitter to increase its

si$nal poer level/si$nal poer level/•  The The (re)'mplifer !('%(re)'mplifer !('%""

a ver? lo noise OA device to e used directl? e'orea ver? lo noise OA device to e used directl? e'orean optical receiver to improve its sensitivit?/an optical receiver to improve its sensitivit?/

•  The The Line 'mplifer !L'%Line 'mplifer !L'%""a lo noise OA device to e used eteen passivea lo noise OA device to e used eteen passivefre sections to increase the re$eneration len$thsfre sections to increase the re$eneration len$thsor in correspondence o' a point-multipointor in correspondence o' a point-multipointconnection to compensate 'or ranchin$ losses inconnection to compensate 'or ranchin$ losses in

the optical access netork/the optical access netork/ 

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@pplications in each !unctional@pplications in each !unctional

%locks%locks

- Implementation e3

T>2

T>1

:

W

#

O: O:

:

W

#Ramanpump LD

R>N

R>3

R>2

R>1

RamanpumpLD

Ramanpump LD

O:

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Current standardization topicsCurrent standardization topics

!or optical amplifers!or optical amplifers

•'aman amplifer'aman ampliferSa'et? issuesSa'et? issues

2. 1142. 114 @P' procedure@P' procedure

Sup.dsnSup.dsn Sa!et in operationSa!et in operation

Sup.'amanSup.'aman Under discussionUnder discussion

4efnition o' relevant parameters4efnition o' relevant parametersProposals are invitedProposals are invited

in IC TC01 SC01C W23in IC TC01 SC01C W23

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ConclusionConclusion

Increase o' availale optical andidthIncrease o' availale optical andidth  EDFA #RDFA$% Raman% &'AEDFA #RDFA$% Raman% &'A

Spectrall? e@cient transmission 'ormatsSpectrall? e@cient transmission 'ormats

 Duobinary% (&)R*% D(&)R*% (R*% +R*% R*% D,&-)R*%Duobinary% (&)R*% D(&)R*% (R*% +R*% R*% D,&-)R*%

StandardizationStandardization o! specifc parameterso! specifc parameters

Cost eBective useCost eBective use o! availa%le %and,idtho! availa%le %and,idth

%% sophisticated comination OAssophisticated comination OAs o!o!dierent vendors and manu!acturers.dierent vendors and manu!acturers.