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Project N Unit Document Code Serial N Rev. Page

080361 220 SP 0000 06 04 1/26

COMPANY Doc No. SA-JER-AG221-DALM-649001

JUBAIL EPOR! RE"INERY PROJEC!SAUDI ARAMCO !O!AL RE"INING # PE!ROC$EMICAL

PROCESS DESCRIP!ION

SUL"UR RECO%ERY AND !AIL GAS !REA!ING UNI!S

UNI!S 221/222/223

04 15-Jan-1 !"-#uilt $. S. %im S. &. 'e &. J. %(on

0 15-)ct-10 Revi"ed *+C $. S. %im &. C. Jung C. #. Par,

0 -/ar-10 *""ued or Con"truction D. '. %im &. C. Jung C. #. Par,

01 0-Dec-02 *""ued or De"ign &. S. C3o &. C. Jung C. #. Par,

00 1-Nov-02 *""ued or Revie( &. S. C3o &. C. Jung C. #. Par,

RE%. DA!E S!A!US &RI!!EN BYname vi"a6

C$EC'ED BYname vi"a6

APPRO%./AU!$OR. BYname vi"a6

D)CU/7N$ R78*S*)NS

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JUBAIL EPOR! RE"INERY PROJEC!

SAUDI ARAMCO !O!AL RE"INING # PE!ROC$EMICAL

.

INDE

1 IN!RODUC!ION...........................................................................................................................3

2 BLOC' DIAGRAM O" !$E UNI!................................................................................................4

3 PROCESS !$EORY.....................................................................................................................(

4 PROCESS DESCRIP!ION.........................................................................................................13

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1 IN!RODUC!ION

$3e 9ur9o"e o t3i" document i" to de"cri:e t3e 9roce"" lo( "c3eme o t3e Sulur

Recover; SRU6 and $ail $d 7)R Ca"e6E

S!-J7R-!d 7)R Ca"e6E

S!-J7R-!d S)R Ca"e6.

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2 BLOC' DIAGRAM O" !$E UNI!

$3e Sulur Recover; +acilitie" SRU $

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3 PROCESS !$EORY

! Sulur Recover; and $ail

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N& H 1.5 ) N H &) N&reaction6

$3e ollo(ing "ide reaction"? leading to t3e ormation o C)S and CSare al"o involved

in t3e 9roce"" (3en C)and>or 3;drocar:on" are 9re"ent in t3e acid ga".

C) H &S C)S H &) C)S ormation6

C) H &S CS H &) CSormation6

Cn&nH6 H 2)12( +n ) nC) HnH16&) &C com:u"tion6

Cn&nH6 H 2)13( +n ) n C)HnH16&) &C com:u"tion6

*n order to com9lete t3e Clau" reaction" a "uita:le re"idence time i" nece""ar; at 3ig3

tem9erature in t3e t3ermal reactor.

$3e main reaction involved in t3e catal;tic reactor" i"B

&S H S) &) H >= S= Clau" Reaction6

$3e Clau" reaction i" an e=ot3ermic eAuili:rium reaction t3ermod;namicall; en3anced

:; lo( tem9erature".

*n t3e ir"t catal;tic reactor in addition to t3e Clau" reaction t3e 3;drol;"i" o C)S and

CSi" ac3ievedB

C)S H &) &S H C) C)S 3;drol;"i"6

CS H &) &S H C) CS3;drol;"i"6

/o"t c3emical reaction" in Clau" 9lant" occur eit3er in t3e urnace $3ermal Reactor6

or in t3e catal;tic reactor".

$3e one im9ortant e=ce9tion i" "ulur va9our "9ecie" tran"ormation".

7lemental "ulur va9our can e=i"t a" our "e9arate "9ecie"? namel;B S? S4? S? SI.

U"uall; S4 9roduction i" negligi:leE 3ence? it i" im9ortant to con"ider t3e ollo(ing

eAuili:rium reaction"? (3ic3 concern t3e com:u"tion "tage? t3e catal;tic conver"ion

"tage and t3e 9roce"" ga" cooling "tageB

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SIga"6 4Sga"6

SIga"6 4Sga"6

/o"t o t3e "ulur va9our ;ielded in t3e urnace e=i"t" t3ere a" S . !" t3e ga" 9a""e"

t3roug3 t3e a"te &eat #oiler and Sulur Conden"er" and it" tem9erature dro9"6 t3e

"ulur "3it" 9artl; to S4and t3en to nearl; all Sand SI.

$3e liAueaction o t3e "ulur 9roduced in t3e t3ermal and catal;tic conver"ion "te9" i"

9erormed in t3e Sulur Conden"er" according to t3e ollo(ing main reaction"B

SIga"6 I S1liAuid6

Sga"6 S1liAuid6

Sga"6 S1liAuid6

$3e "ulur 9roduced i" conden"ed? "e9arated and "ent to t3e iAuid Sulur Dega""ing

Section.

3.2 L+ S+)+5 D*,, Sco

$3e liAuid "ulur 9roduced in t3e SRU contain" "olu:le & S and &S=3;drogen 9ol;-

"ulide"6. &;drogen 9ol;-"ulide i" a (ea,l; :ound 9ol;meric com:ination o 3;drogen

"ul93ide and elemental "ulurB

&S H S=-16 &S=

$3e 9rinci9le o t3e dega"iication 9roce"" o t3e liAuid "ulur i" to relea"e t3e di""olved

&S ga" and to accelerate t3e decom9o"ition o t3e 9ol;"ul93ide" to &S.

&S= &S H S=-16 decom9o"ition o t3e 9ol;"ul93ide"6

&S6di""olved &S6ga" de"or9tion o &S6

!ir i" normall; utili"ed to remove &S rom t3e liAuid "ulur? t3u" 9romoting t3e

9ol;"ul93ide decom9o"ition :; t3e rever"e reaction.

iAuid Sulur cooling i" normall; reAuired to o9timi@e t3e dega""ing reaction and

"tri99ing avoiding 3ig3 vi"co"it;.

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$3e "olu:ilit; o &S in liAuid "ulur increa"e" a" t3e tem9erature i" increa"edE t3i"

anomalou" :e3avior i" due to t3e ormation o 9ol;"ul93ide" in "ulur.

$3e 9ur9o"e o t3e liAuid "ulur cooling i" to minimi@e t3e "olu:ilit; o &S in liAuid

"ulur. $3e liAuid "ulur cooling i" mandator; or 3ig3 "ulur ca9acit; 9lant.

3.3 !G! Sco

$3e 9ur9o"e o t3e $ail

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3a" to :e cooled do(n? :eore t3at t3e &S "o 9roduced i" recovered in t3e $

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16 $3e acid ga" molecule mu"t cro"" t3e ga"eou" 93a"e and a99roac3 t3e

va9ourliAuid interaceE t3i" movement occur" :; diu"ion and i" 9rom9ted :; a

9artial 9re""ure gradient t3at re9re"ent" t3e 93enomenonM" driving orceE

6 !ter reac3ing t3e va9ourliAuid interace? t3e acid ga" molecule mu"t enter t3e

liAuid 93a"e and t3en travel until coming acro"" an amine molecule. $3i"

movement al"o occur" :; diu"ion and i" 9rom9ted :; a concentration gradient

t3at re9re"ent" t3e 93enomenonM" driving orceE

6 3en t3e acid ga" molecule and amine molecule come into contact? t3e; inall;

react at a ,inetic reaction rate.

*n t3e ga"eou" 93a"e? a" t3e 9roce"" in 9erormed at lo( 9re""ure"? & S and C)

ugacitie" can :e a""umed eAual to t3eir 9artial 9re""ure" deined a" t3e 9roduct o

t3e total 9re""ure and t3e acid ga" molar raction6. *n t3e liAuid 93a"e? t3e a:"or:ed

acid ga" ugacit; i" u"uall; e=9re""ed a" t3e 9roduct o t3e com9onent molar raction

and it" &enr; con"tant (3o"e value i" 3ig3l; tem9erature "en"itive6.

$3e a:"or9tion i" 9rom9ted :; a ugacit; driving orce? (it3 re"9ect to eac3

com9onent? t3at occur" :et(een t3e :ul, o t3e ga"eou" and liAuid 93a"e".

!t eAuili:rium? t3e ugacit; o eac3 com9onent in t3e ga"eou" 93a"e eAual" t3at o t3e

"ame com9onent in t3e liAuid 93a"e? t3e driving orce t3ereore vani"3e" and no

urt3er a:"or9tion i" 9o""i:le.

S(eetening amine" can :e 9rimar;? "econdar; and tertiar;? de9ending on t3e num:er

o 3;dro=;l grou9" :ound to t3eir nitrogen.

$3e mo"t ,no(n amine" areB

- Primar; amineB /7! /onoet3anolamine6 RN& /1

- Secondar; !mine D7! Diet3anolamine6 RN& /105

- $ertiar; amine /D7!/et3;ldiet3anolamine6 RNC& /112

R !lco3ol radical C&C&)&6.

7ac3 amine 3a" at lea"t one 3;dro=;l grou9 and one amino grou9. *n general? it can :e

maintained t3at t3e 3;dro=;l grou9 reduce" va9our 9re""ure and increa"e" (ater

"olu:ilit;? (3il"t t3e amino grou9 9rovide" (ater "olution" (it3 t3e nece""ar; al,alinit;

reAuired to 9romote t3e acid ga" a:"or9tion.

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$3e reaction :et(een a &S and /D7! goe" :; t3e name o direct F9roton tran"erG

reactionE ,ineticall; it occur" in"tantaneou"l; and can :e re9re"ented a" ollo("B

K!/*N7L H &S K!/*N7L&H H &S

$3e reaction :et(een a C)molecule and /D7! i" not direct and t3e ollo(ing "te9"

are nece""ar;B

Ste9 1B Car:onic acid ormation

C) H &) &C)

Ste9 B Car:onic acid di""ociation "lo( "te96

&C) &H H &C)

Ste9 B !cid:a"e neutrali@ation

&H H RNC& RN&C&H

$3ereore? (3en a C) molecule di""olve" in (ater? due to it" acid c3emical

c3aracteri"tic"? it ir"t 3;drol;@e" to orm car:onic acid &C)6.

$3e car:onic acid molecule &C)"lo(l; di""ociate" to orm 3;drogen ion &H and

:icar:onate ion &C).

$3e :icar:onate ormed t3an com:ine" (it3 t3e amine /D7!6 via an acid:a"e

neutrali@ation reaction a" t3e; come in contact.

Since t3e car:onic acid di""ociation "te9 i" relativel; "lo( ,ineticall;? t3e overall ,inetic

rate o C)a:"or9tion i" Auite "lo( a" (ell. !" /D7! i" a tertiar; amine? it i" t3ereore

more "elective (it3 re"9ect to &S t3an conventional amine" "uc3 a" /7! or D7!.

$3i" "electivit; ari"e" on account o act t3at /D7!? (3ic3 doe" not 3ave a 3;drogen

atom attac3ed to t3e nitrogen? cannot react directl; (it3 C)to orm car:amate.

!ll t3e reaction" involved 9roceed to eAuili:riumE t3e a:"or9tion ta,e" 9lace almo"t at

am:ient tem9erature? a" it i" an e=ot3ermic reactionE regeneration i" carried out at t3e

"olution :oiling 9oint.

$

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3.4 !:5;*) Ic5*o Sco

$3e o=idation o t3e tail ga" 9roduced in t3e Clau" and $

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4 PROCESS DESCRIP!ION

4.1 G5*) P5oc,, D,c5o

Reerence i" made to t3e P+DM" attac3ed.

$3e Sulur Recover; and $ail S)anal;"er air demand anal;"er6 in order to

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o:tain an &S>S) ratio eAual to in t3e $ail

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4.1.2 L+ S+)+5 D*,, Sco * So5* D5+;

$3e 9ur9o"e o t3e Dega""ing Storage Section i" to collect t3e un-dega""ed liAuid

Sulur coming rom t3e Clau" Section and to remove almo"t all t3e & S and t3e 9ol;-

"ulide" &S=6 rom itE t3en to "tore or a minimum time t3e dega""ed Sulur and "end it

to t3e 7=9ort and Storage Section. $3e dega""ing i" ore"een in order to ma,e "ae t3e

Sulur or t3e tran"9ort? avoiding ri"," o e=9lo"ive atmo"93ere and>or &S 9oi"oning

3a@ard".

$3e undega""ed liAuid "ulur collected in t3e Sulur Dega""ing and Storage Drum i"

"ent to t3e Dega""ing Pac,age (3ere liAuid "ulur dega""ing i" accom9li"3ed. *n order

to :oo"t urt3er t3e overall "ulur recover; t3e dega""ing air rom Dega""ing Pac,age

i" rec;cled to t3e $3ermal Reactor.

4.1.3 !*) G*, !5* +

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iltered in t3e uenc3 ater +ilter". $3e e=ce"" "our (ater generated in t3e ga"

cooling i" "ent under level control to :atter; limit" or treatment in t3e SS unit.

!n anal;"er i" 9rovided or continuou" monitoring and control o t3e 3;drogen content

in t3e tail ga".

$3e cooled $ail

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4.2 D*) P5oc,, D,c5o

Reerence i" made to t3e P+DM" attac3ed.

4.2.1 C)*+, Sco

O5*o >: A; Ac G*, * So+5 &*5 S55 Ac G*, S)ratio eAual to B1 in

t3e tail ga".

$3e reAuired Auantit; o air i" calculated :; mea"uring t3e !mine !cid

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Com:u"tion air i" 9re-3eated in t3e 3eat e=c3anger 1-7-000? :; mean" o &P

"team 9roduced in t3e a"te &eat #oiler Steam Drum? :eore t3e injection o t3e air

containing &S rom Dega""ing Column 1-C-0004. $3e 9re-3eating i" 9erormed in

order to guarantee in all o9erating "cenario"? including lo( turn-do(n o9eration? t3e

com9lete de"truction o t3e ammonia contained in t3e SS !cid # one in

o9eration and one "9are6 into t3e Sulur Dega""ing and Storage Drum 1-D-0005.

$3e 9roce"" ga" leaving t3e $3ermal Reactor contain" "ulur in ga"eou" orm?

(3ic3 i" conden"ed in t3e tu:e" o t3e 1"tSulur Conden"er 1-7-000 and i" drained

to t3e Sulur Dega""ing and Storage Drum 1-D-0005 via a "ulur "eal 1-Q-

000!># one in o9eration and one "9are6.

$3e 9roce"" ga" rom 1-7-000 i" 9re3eated in t3e 1"tClau" Reactor Re3eater 1-

7-0004? :eore entering in t3e 1"t Clau" Reactor 1-R-0001. *n t3i" reactor t3e

reaction :et(een t3e &S and S)continue" over t3e alumina catal;"t until eAuili:rium

i" reac3ed. $3e to9 > o t3e 1 "tClau" Reactor i" illed (it3 9romoted alumina catal;"t

"uita:le or t3e Clau" reaction. $3e :ottom 1> o t3e reactor i" illed (it3 a titania:a"ed catal;"t (3ic3 en3ance" t3e 3;drol;"i" reaction o C)S and CS.

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$3e eluent ga" coming rom t3e 1"tClau" Reactor at 00C i" ed to t3e ndSulur

Conden"er 1-7-0005? (3ere t3e "ulur i" conden"ed and drained (it3 1-Q-

000!># one in o9eration and one "9are6 into t3e Sulur Dega""ing and Storage Drum

1-D-0005.

$3e 9roce"" ga" lo( rom t3e ndSulur Conden"er i" again re3eated in nd Clau"

Reactor Re3eater 1-7-000 :; mean" o "aturated &P 9roduced in t3e a"te &eat

#oiler Steam Drum and ed to t3e ndClau" Reactor 1-R-000 loaded (it3 9romoted

alumina catal;"t.

o( 9re""ure "team at 5.5 :arg i" 9roduced in t3e1"tand ndSulur Conden"er and i"

totall; u"ed a" 3eating medium or internal u"er".

$3e "team conden"ate rom t3e t(o re3eater" i" recovered and rec;cled to t3e 1 "t

Sulur Conden"er "3ell "ide? (3ile t3e "team conden"ate rom Com:u"tion !ir 9re-

3eater i" recovered and rec;cled to t3e ndSulur Conden"er.

$3e 9roce"" ga" rom t3e ndClau" Reactor at a tem9erature o IC i" ed to t3e

+inal Sulur Conden"er 1-7-000. *n order to conden"e a" muc3 "ulur va9our a"

9o""i:le? t3e +inal Conden"er o9erate" at a lo( tem9erature. $3i" i" o:tained :;

generating ver; lo( 9re""ure "team at 1. :arg. !" t3i" "team cannot :e utili@ed? it i"

conden"ed in t3e P Steam Conden"er 1-!-0001? (3ic3 i" an air in cooler. $3e

conden"ate i" returned to t3e +inal Conden"er in a clo"ed loo9. $3e "team 9re""ure

controller adju"t" t3e "9eed o t3e an o t3e Steam Conden"er.

$3e $ail

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damage" 9o""i:le co,e ormation in ca"e o o=;gen deect and 9o""i:le "ulur ire in

ca"e o o=;gen e=ce""6.

Stoic3iometric com:u"tion condition" are deined a" to :urn 3;drocar:on" and & to

C) and &)? (it3 no e=ce"" o=;gen in t3e lue ga". +or t3i" rea"on t3e $3ermal

Reactor #urner utili@e" a uel (it3 a "ta:le and (ell ,no(n com9o"ition.

During t3e "toic3iometric com:u"tion o uel ga" it i" nece""ar; to moderate t3e lame

tem9erature :; u"ing "team a" Auenc3 medium. uenc3 "team i" added to t3e

$3ermal Reactor #urner 1-+-0001 or t3i" 9ur9o"e.

4.2.2 L+ S+)+5 D*,, Sco * So5* D5+;

Sulur lo(" rom t3e "ulur conden"er" into t3e underground Sulur Dega""ing and

Storage Drum 1-D-0005 (3ere an; needed 9roduction "urge ca9acit; can :e

maintained.

$3e Sulur Drum i" divided into t(o "ection"B t3e undega""ed "ulur "ection and t3e

"ulur "torage "ection.$3e "ulur? a" it i" 9roduced in t3e unit? contain" 50 99m (t6 & S. *n order to reduce

t3e &S content to le"" t3an 10 99m (t6? a Sulur Dega""ing Pac,age 3a" :een

9rovided.

$3e Sulur Dega""ing Pac,age include" t3e Sulur Cooler 1-7-001? t3e P Steam

Conden"er 1-!-0005 and t3e Dega""ing Column 1-C-0004.

$3e liAuid "ulur rom t3e undega""ed "ulur "ection o t3e 9it i" 9um9ed under level

control via Undega""ed Sulur Pum9 1-# one in o9eration and one "9are6

to t3e :a"e o t3e Dega""ing Column 1-C-0004.

#eore entering t3e column? liAuid "ulur tem9erature 3a" to :e reduced? ot3er(i"e t3e

vi"co"it; (ould :e too 3ig3 or dega""ing.

+or t3at "co9e liAuid "ulur i" ed to t3e Sulur Cooler 1-7-001? (3ere "ulur i"

cooled do(n generating ver; lo( 9re""ure "team at 1. :arg. $3i" "team i" conden"ed

in t3e P Steam Conden"er 1-!-0005? and rec;cled :ac, to t3e Sulur Cooler.

Plant air rom Dega""ing !ir Com9re""or Pac,age 0--0001 i" al"o "ent to t3e

:ottom o t3e dega""ing column.

$3e dega""ed "ulur rom t3e Dega""ing Column i" collected to t3e "torage "ection o

t3e "ulur 9it? (3ile t3e contaminated air i" rec;cled to t3e $3ermal Reactor o t3e

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Clau" Section to :oo"t t3e Sulur Recover; 7icienc;. !" alternative t3e air can :e

al"o "ent to t3e $3ermal *ncinerator 1-+-0005.

*n order to remove t3e evolved &S rom t3e Sulur Dega""ing and Storage Drum?

dilution air mu"t :e dra(n into t3e 9it? and t3e re"ulting mi=ture called S(ee9 # one

in o9eration and one "9are6.

$3e cooled ga" leaving t3e to9 o t3e uenc3 $o(er i" ed to t3e $

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!n anal;@er i" 9rovided or continuou" monitoring and control o t3e 3;drogen content

in t3e Auenc3ed ga".

$3e $Ric3 !mine 7=c3anger 1-7-001? (3ere t3e ric3 amine i" 9re3eated u9 to

a:out 100C? u"ing a" 3eating medium t3e lean amine rom t3e :ottom o t3e !mine

Regenerator. $3e 9re3eated ric3 amine rom 1-7-001 i" ed to !mine Regenerator

1-C-000.

$3e !mine Regenerator i" a column eAui99ed (it3 4 tra;" and divided in t(o

"ection"B a "tri99ing "ection rom tra; N 1 to tra; N 1 and a (a"3ing "ection rom

tra; N to tra; N 4.

$3e 9ur9o"e o t3e !mine Regenerator i" to "tri9 t3e ric3 amine "olution removing &S

u"ing t3e va9our" 9roduced in t3e Regenerator Re:oiler 1-7-0011. $3e Regenerator

Re:oiler utili@e" Saturated P Steam a" 3eating medium. $3e lo( 9re""ure "team

conden"ate rom t3e Regenerator Re:oiler i" collected in t3e Steam Conden"ate Pot

1-D-0010 and "ent to t3e conden"ate collection 9ot under level control.

$3e va9our" rom t3e to9 o !mine Regenerator are conden"ed in t3e RegeneratorRelu= Conden"er 1-!-000. $3e mi=ed 93a"e rom 1-!-000 i" ed to t3e

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Regenerator Relu= Drum 1-D-000 (3ere 9roce"" (ater and acid ga" are

"e9arated.

$3e 9roce"" (ater rom Regenerator Relu= Drum 1-D-000 i" relu=ed to t3e

(a"3ing "ection o t3e !mine Regenerator a:ove tra; No. 4 :; t3e Regenerator

Relu= Pum9 1-# one in o9eration and one "9are6.

$3e acid ga" rom t3e to9 o Regenerator Relu= Drum i" rec;cled to t3e !mine !cid

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080361 220 SP 0000 06 04 24/26



*n order to 9revent rom direct contact o /D7! (it3 air? t3e !mine Drain Drum i"

eAui99ed (it3 an inert ga" :lan,eting. $3e !mine Drain Drum i" al"o 9rovided (it3 an

!mine Drain +ilter 1-S-0005.

$3e recovered amine i" tran"erred to t3e Common !mine Storage Section :; !mine

Drain Pum9 1-

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080361 220 SP 0000 06 04 2(/26



!n o=;gen anal;@er i" ore"een in t3e lue ga" duct to guarantee t3e o9eration (it3

adeAuate e=ce"" o o=;gen. !n S) anal;@er i" al"o 9rovided in t3e +lue #>C>D.

!tmo"93eric air enter" t3e Dega""ing !ir Com9re""or Pac,age? (3ere it i" 9re""uri@ed

and dried :eore entering t3e Dega""ing Column 1-C-0004.

$3e !mine Storage Section ore"ee" t(o !mine Storage $an," 0-$-0001 and 0-

$-000? :lan,eted (it3 nitrogen to avoid amine degradation and u"ed or t3e "torage o

t3e amine inventor;.

$3e t(o tan," are not line-u9 during normal o9eration.

)ne (ill :e maintained em9t; and availa:le to receive t3e 3old-u9 o one train in ca"e

o maintenance. $3e ot3er one (ill :e illed (it3 re"3 /D7! "olution to :e u"ed to

re"tore amine inventor; in t3e $

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080361 220 SP 0000 06 04 26/26



4.2.6 U)7 Sco

S*; * Co,* S7,;

$3e &ig3 Pre""ure Steam 4 :arg6 generated in t3e $3ermal Reactor a"te &eat

#oiler and in t3e $3ermal *ncinerator a"te &eat Recover; i" 9artiall; u"ed a" 3eating

medium or com:u"tion air 9re-3eating and 9roce"" ga" re-3eating in Clau" Section.

7=ce"" "team i" "u9er3eated in t3e $3ermal *ncinerator "u9er3eater coil and e=9orted

to #..

*n order to minimi@e #+ con"um9tion? t3e conden"ate rom Clau" re-3eater" i"routed to t3e 1"tSulur Conden"er? (3ile t3e conden"ate rom Com:u"tion !ir Pre-

3eater i" "ent to t3e ndSulur Conden"er.

$3e lo( 9re""ure "team 5.5 :arg6 i" generated in t3e 1"tSulur Conden"er? ndSulur

Conden"er and $

sa-jer-ag221-dalm-649001_rev04

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