IOUY TR|MH KY THUATCAY CAD SUTONG CONG TY CAO SU VIET NAMThanh pho Ho Ch Minh, nam 2004Ch ao bien soanLe Van BnhPho Tong Giam oc Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamMai Van SnVien Trng Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamBan sa oi quy trnh ky thuatTrng ban: Tran Th Thuy HoaTh ky tong hp: o Kim ThanhQuy trnh ky thuat san xuat cay giongPham Th Dung, Pham Van Hang va Tran Th Thuy HoaQuy trnh ky thuat trong mi va cham soc cao su kien thiet c banLe Mau Tuy, Pham Van Hang va Nguyen Tan cQuy trnh ky thuat khai thac mu va cham soc cao su kinh doanhNguyen Anh Ngha, o Kim Thanh, Nguyen Nang, Nguyen Van My va Nguyen Tan cQuy trnh ky thuat Bao ve thc vatPhan Thanh Dung va Pham Van VinhBan bien tapNguyen Tan c, Pham Van Vinh, Tran Th Thuy Hoa va o Kim ThanhIIen nam 2003, dien tch cao su thuoc Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Namat 219.600 ha, trong o 173.700 ha ang c khai thac mu. Dientch cao su nay trai rong t ong Nam bo en Tay Nguyen va mienTrung, ieu kien sinh thai cua cac vung nay rat khac nhau, sinh trng vanang suat cua cay cao su cung thay oi tuy ieu kien moi trng.Nang suat cao su tren vn cay cua Tong Cong ty Cao su a cao dan,t 0,7 tan/ha/nam vao nhng nam 1990 en 2003 at nang suat bnh quanla 1,52 tan/ha/nam; tai Tay Nguyen la 1,15 tan/ha/nam, tai ong Nam bova Quang Tr la 1,56 tan/ha/nam. Thanh tu ky thuat at c trong nganh cao su va qua la t s onggop cua bo giong cao san cung cac bien phap nong hoc tien bo c ucket t nhng e tai, cong trnh nghien cu va kinh nghiem cua san xuat. Nham nang cao sc canh tranh cho nganh cao su Viet Nam trong thihoi nhap, can a nang suat len 1,4 2 tan/ha/nam, ong thi rut ngan chuky kinh te nhng van am bao ke hoach san lng, nang cao hieu qua vonau t va nhanh chong ng dung cac tien bo ky thuat (giong cao san, trongbau co tang la, quy hoach chu ky khai thac mu trong 20 nam ket hp ngdung chat kch thch, cao up co kiem soat, s dung mang chan nc ma,phong tr benh hieu qua ).e cap nhat cac quy trnh ky thuat ap ng yeu cau tren, Tong Congty Cao su Viet Nam giao cho Vien Nghien Cu Cao su Viet Nam va BanQuan ly ky thuat phoi hp bien soan Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su nam2004 va thu thap y kien ong gop cua can bo ky thuat cac cong ty caosu e hoan chnh Quy trnh.Ban Quy trnh ky thuat cao su nam 2004 la mot cong trnh tap the cuacaccanbokythuattrongnganhcaosu,cbiensoanvachnhsaratcong phu, tuy nhien, kho tranh sai sot va se lac hau trc nhng tien bo cuakhoa hoc ky thuat va san xuat. V vay, Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam vaVien Nghien Cu Cao su Viet Nam rat mong nhan c cac y kien onggop, phan hoi e tiep tuc sa oi cap nhat Quy trnh nham ap ng yeu caunang cao chat lng va hieu qua kinh doanh cua nganh cao su. Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh, ngay 01 thang 07 nam 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamIIILo| no| dauIVPhan JOuy trinh ky thuat san xuat oay giong 1rong noi va ohan soooao su kien thiet oo ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .JChng 1: Quy trnh ky thuat san xuat cay giong cao su. . . . . . . . . . .2Muc I: Ky thuat lam vn ng tum tran 10 thang tuoi . . . . . .2Muc II: Ky thuat lam vn ng bau cat ngon . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Muc III: Ky thuat lam vn ng tum bau co tang la. . . . . . .11Muc IV: Ky thuat lam vn ng bau co tang la . . . . . . . . . .13Muc V: Quy trnh ky thuat vn nhan go ghep cao su . . . . . . .15Muc VI: Quan ly vn san xuat cay giong cao su. . . . . . . . . .19Chng II: Quy trnh ky thuat trong mi cao su. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Muc I: Cac tieu chuan ky thuat chu yeu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Muc II: Chuan b at, thiet ke lo va xay dng vn cay. . . . .21Muc III: Trong cao su. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Muc IV: Trong xen trong vn cao su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Chng III: Cham soc cao su trong mi va cao su kien thiet c ban .26Muc I: Lam co vn cao su kien thiet c ban. . . . . . . . . . . . .26Muc II: Bon phan cho vn cao su kien thiet c ban . . . . . . . .27Muc III: Cong tac bao ve vn cay cao su kien thiet c ban .28Chng IV: Quan ly vn cao su kien thiet c ban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Phan ||:Ouy trinh kythua t khai tha o nu8 oha n so o oao su kinh doanh. .BPChng I: Nhng quy nh chung ve viec khai thac mu. . . . . . . . . . . .33Chng II: To chc khai thac mu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Muc I: Che o khai thac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Muc II: Thiet ke, m mieng cao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35lLC LLCMuc III: Cac yeu cau ky thuat trong viec khai thac mu. . . . .46Muc IV: Kch thch mu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Muc V: Mang chan nc ma cho cay cao su. . . . . . . . . . . . .52Chng III: Cham soc vn cay kinh doanh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Muc I: Lam co vn cao su kinh doanh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Muc II: Bon phan cho vn cao su kinh doanh. . . . . . . . . . . .53Muc III: Cong tac bao ve vn cay cao su kinh doanh. . . . . .55Chng IV: Quan ly vn cao su kinh doanh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Muc I: Phan cap quan ly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Muc II: Che o kiem tra ky thuat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Muc III: Quan ly ho s tai lieu ky thuat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Phan |||:Ouy trinh ky thuat bao ve thuo vat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .GBChng I: Sau benh chnh tren cay cao su va bien phap x ly. . . . . . .64Muc I: Cac sau benh chnh tren cay cao su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Muc II: Benh la. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Muc III: Benh than canh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Muc IV: Benh mat cao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Muc V: Benh re. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Muc VI: Nhng tac hai khac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Muc VII: Sau hai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Chng II: Co tren vn cao su va bien phap x ly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Chng III: S dung, bao quan thuoc va an toan trong cong tac bao ve thc vat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Phu |uc J: Phan hang dat trong oao su. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HPPhu |uc P: lot so huong dan dieu tra danh gia nuo do benh haiva oaoh pha thuoo vao binh phun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H4VVIQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 20041Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamPhan |: OUY TR|MH KY THUAT SAM XUAT CAYG|DMG,TRDMG ND| 8 CHAN SDC CAD SUK|EM TH|ET CD BAM2 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamChng IQUY TRNH KY THUAT SAN XUAT CAY GIONG CAO SUMuc I: KY THUAT LAM VN NG TUM TRAN 10 THANG TUOIieu 1: Thi vu lam vn ngat hat t thang 7 en thang 8.ieu 2: Chuan b atDat lam vn ng gan nguon nc ti, at tot, bang phang,thanh phan c gii nhe (u tien chon at tht pha cat). Khong chonatngapung,soicm,aong.Vtrvnngthuantienchoviec i lai cham soc va van chuyen.DKhai hoang va lam at xong trc ngay 30/6. at khai hoangsach cay coi, lum bui, ra sach goc re va c cay ba cho ti xop.Neuat co pH KCl < 4, bon voi bot 500 kg/ha, voi bot c raieu tren toan dien tch roi cay vui.ieu 3: Thiet ke vn ngDV n ng c thie t ketheo ye u ca u cho ng xo i mo n, cho ng u ngva o mu a ma, thua n tie n cho vie c thi co ng, cha m so c vaqua n ly .DVn ng c chia thanh nhng o kch thc 20 m x 10 m,cac o cach nhau bang ng i. Vn ng co quy mo di 1 hath ng i rong 2 m. Vn ng co quy mo tren 1 ha co ngchnh rong 5 m, ng phu rong 3 m.DBotr ca y tro ng theo kie u nanh sa u tre n ha ng ke p (90 + 30 cm) x 20cm,v i khoa ng ca ch nh sau:Hai hang n cach nhau 30 cm.Hai hang kep cach nhau 90 cm.Cay cach cay 20 cm.DMatothietke80.000iem/ha;saucaclantaloai,sotumghep at tieu chuan u e trong mi ai tra t nhat 70 ha TayNguyen va t nhat 80 ha ong Nam bo.Do i v i nh ng vu ng cogiol n, ca n la m ha ng cha n giocao tre n 2 m.ieu 4: Lam ranh vn ngDao ranh sau 50 cm, rong 50 cm.DBon lot phan chuong hoai 20 tan/ha (hoac cac dang phan huckhaccochatlngtngng)vaphanlannungchay1tan/ha.Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 20043Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDTron eu phan vi at, lap ranh lai trc khi at hat khoang 15ngay.Doi vi at de b ong nc khi ma ln, phai len lp cao 10 -15 cm, rong 90 cm, hai mep lp cach nhau 30 cm.ieu 5: Chuan b hat giongDChon hat lam goc ghep: u tien s dung hat cua cac dong votnhGT1,PB260,keenlahatPB235,VM515.Tranhdungnhng loai hat giong co ty le bach tang cao. Can chon cac vncao su sinh trng tot, ty le thuan giong cao e thu hat. Chon hatmi rung co mau sang bong, nang, cng, phoi nhu con ti. Hatgiong sau khi thu lm ve phai rai thanh lp day 15 - 20 cm varam ngay trong vong 3 ngay.DSolnghatgiongcancho1havnngtum10thangkhoang 1200 kg.DX ly hat: Hat c x ly bang cach at nga hat, go nhe e vohat nt ra pha lo mam, sau o ngam trong nc sach 24 - 30 gi,sau khi ngam c 12 gi th thay nc sach mot lan, sau o vtra ram vao lp cat.DRam hat thuc mam trong cac lp ram co be rong 1 m, ng igia cac lp rong 0,5 m, nen lp ram c o mot lp cat day 15cm, pha tren co mai che. Hat sau khi x ly c trai thanh motlp va phu cat u kn hat, so lng khoang 1000 1200 hat/m2.Hnh 1: S o thiet ke luong va hang trong vn ng tum tran4 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namieu 7: Ti ncDNgaysaukhitrongcay,neutrikhongmathphaitichocay khong b heo.DCheoticanphuhpviloaiatvathitietecaysinhtrng nhanh. Trong mua kho, nen ti nc t nhat 2 lan/tuan vilng nc khoang 10 lt/m2/lan. DThi gian ti nc: trc 10 gi sang va sau 3 gi chieu.DChamsoclpram:Tincbangthungbupsen,2lanmoingay vao luc 6 - 7 gi sang va 16 17 gi chieu vi lng nckhoang 4 lt/ m2/lan ti. Neu co ma u am th khong ti. Tranhe nc ong tren lp ram.DHang ngay kiem tra neu thay kien, moi xuat hien th x ly bangthuoc tr kien, moi (nh Bassa 0,2 %).ieu 6: Trong cay ra vn ng tumDSau khi ram c 8 - 10 ngay, hat a phat trien thanh cay con.Chonnhngcaycothanmamvarecocdaikhoang310cmem trong ra vn ng va trong qua trnh van chuyen phai tranhlam h hai than mam va re coc. Nen chon nhng cay co cung ocao e trong cung hang.DMoi iem choc mot lo trong mot cay, re coc hng thang xuongat, neu cay nao b h gay than mam re coc phai loai bo. Hat cphu mot lp at mn day 1 cm roi em at chat re. at hat thanghang theo khoang cach quy nh.DTrong vong 10 ngay sau khi at hat, hang ngay kiem tra e loaibo va at hat khac thay the ngay nhng cay khong at yeu cau dob gay, benh, nh sinh trng b h hai, yeu t, x mu tren than.Hnh 2: Chon cay con t lp ram hat e trong tren vn ngQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 20045Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namieu 8: Lam coVn ng phai c gi sach co. Khi lam co tranh gay hai caycon. Lam co t cuoi trc khi ghep mot thang.ieu 9: Bon phanDLoai phan, lieu lng va so lan bon theo bang 1.DThi gian bon: Bon lan th nhat khi cay at hai tang la on nh,cac lan bon sau cach nhau 30 ngay. Lan bon phan cuoi cung trckhi ghep t nhat mot thang.DCach bon: Tron eu ba loai phan ngay trc khi bon. Lan thnhat rai phan gia hai hang n cach goc 10 cm; t lan hai tr irai phan doc hai ben hang kep cach goc 15 cm. Sau khi bon, xinheevuilapphan.Vaomuakho,bonphankethpvitinc am.Bang 1: Lng phan bon cho cao su vn ng tum (80.000 iem / ha)Hnh 3: Cach bon phan cho vn ng tum tran 10 thangLan bonUre Lan nung chay Clorua Kalikg/ha g/cay kg/ha g/cay kg/ha g/cay12341602402403202334320320320-444-8080801601112Cong 960 12 960 12 400 56 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDApdungkythuatghepmatxanhvaxanhnautheophngphapghepcaso.Chonmatnachlavavaycacomamsinhtrng tot e ghep.ieu 13: Bng, x ly va bao quan tumDM bang ghep sau khi ghep 20 ngay.ieu 10: Ta loaiTa loai 2 lan: DLan 1: Khi cay at 3 4 tang la, ta bo nhng cay qua xau, coicoc, khong phat trien.DLan2:Trckhighep1015ngay,tabonhngcaysinhtrng qua kem va khong the ghep c.ieu 11: Phong tr benh va con trung(Xem Phan III - Quy trnh ky thuat bao ve thc vat cay cao su).ieu 12: Ghep cayDTien hanh ghep khi ng knh goc ghep o cach mat at 10cmat tren 10mm va khi cay co tang la tren cung on nh.DVnngvavnnhanphaictincayuetienhanh ghep rai vu t thang 2 en thang 6. Tranh ti nc vao ngayghep. Trong mua ma, khong ghep luc goc cay con t.Hnh 4: Chon mat vay ca va mat nach la e ghepQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 20047Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDSaukhimbang15ngaymibngtumitrong.Chbngnhngcaycongknhgococachmatat10cmatngknh t 16 mm tr len.DCat ngon tum o cao 5 cm cach m tren cua mat ghep, mat catnghieng 300ve pha oi dien vi mat ghep. Boi vaselin tren matcat ngay sau khi cat.DCat trui re bang nhng khong c pham vao re coc. Cat chare coc dai t nhat 40 cm tnh t co re. Vet cat nghieng so vi trucng cua re.DPhan tum t co re tr xuong c x ly bang cach nhung tronghon hp sen set gom 2/3 bun nhao + 1/3 phan bo (trau) ti + 4%phan supe lan + nc.DBo tum thanh tng bo 20 cay bang day mem, chu y e mat ghepquay vao pha trong.DSau khi b ng vaxlytum xong ne n c tro ng ngay trong nga y.DTrng hp phai van chuyen i xa th thi gian bao quan khongqua7ngaysaukhibng.Khivanchuyen,xephaicomuichethoang mat, san xe phai c rai mot lp mun ca am hoac baobo nhung nc. Tum c xep thanh tng lp tr au, c moi hailp bo tum phu bao bo am. Ti nc 2 lan/ngay vao luc tri mat.Tai ni trong, cac bo tum c xep ng trong ho sau 50 cm, ayhocomotlpcat10cmtrencomaichemat.Laycatphuknphan re tum va thng xuyen ti nc gi am.Muc II: KY THUAT LAM VN NG BAU CAT NGONieu 14: Thi vuat hat bat au t thang 7 en thang 10.ieu 15: a iemGan nguon nc co u lng ti, thuan tien cho xe co i lai vanchuyen.ieu 16: Thiet ke va ao ranhVn ng c thiet ke theo yeu cau chong xoi mon, chong ungvao mua ma, thuan tien cho viec thi cong, cham soc va quan ly.Vn ng c chia thanh nhng o kch thc 20 m x 10 m, caco cach nhau bang ng i. Vn ng co quy mo di 1 ha thng i rong 2m. Vn ng co quy mo tren 1 ha co ng chnhrong 5 m, ng phu rong 3 m.8 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamHangn:Xep1hangbauvaoranh,khoangcachgia2tam ranh cach nhau 0,7 0,8m. at bau xuong ranh o sau 2/3 chieu cao bau hoac at baucaohnmatat10cm,cacbaucatcanhnhautaothanhkhoang trong gia va khong lap at vao khoang trong nay.ieu 17: Quy cach bauDDung bau PE nguyen sinh, day 0,08 mm; na chieu dai bau phan ay co uc nhieu lo, cac lo cach nhau 6 cm, ng knh lo 5mm. DKch thc bau PE tuy theo loai at. oi vi at o dung bauco kch thc 16 x 33 cm hoac 18 x 35 cm. oi vi at xam dungDMat o thiet ke vn ng bau cat ngon am bao trong mi t120 160 ha ke ca trong dam:T120.000 130.000 ba u/ha ne u kch th c ba u la18 x 35 cm.T150.000 160.000 ba u/ha ne u kch th c ba u la16 x 33 cm.DThiet ke hang theo 2 cach:Hangkep:Xep2hangbautrongranh,cacbauatcanhnhaucokhoangtronggiavakhongnenlapatvaokhoangtrong nay. Khoang cach gia 2 tam bau la 1,2 m.Hnh 5: Ky thuat at bauQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 20049Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nambau co kch thc 18 x 35 cm, neu dung bau 16 x 33 cm th cancham soc can than hn.ieu 18: Cho at vao bauDChon at tot e vao bau (co the lay at tai cho hoac ch t nikhac en). oi vi at xam, lu y chon at co ket cau tot e tranhv bau.DLoai phan bon lot:Phan lan nung chay: 8 - 10 g / bau.H u c vi sinh: 10 gam/ ba u hoa c pha n chuo ng hoai 50 100 g / ba u.DCho at vao bau: Tron that eu at vi phan theo nh lng.Xuc at o vao bau, loai bo at cuc, o ay 2/3 bau lac eu vauchat,othemnachoataybangmiengbauhoaccachmieng bau 1 cm, bau at phai tron eu khong gay gia.ieu 19: Chuan b hat giongSo lng hat giong can cho 1 ha vn ng bau cat ngon khoang1.200-1.600kg/hatuytheomatothietkevaloaihatgiong.Chon va x ly hat giong nh ieu 5 muc I.ieu 20: Trong cay vao bauDX ly, ram hat, cham soc lp ram nh ieu 5 muc I.DChon nhng cay co re coc va than mam dai khoang 3 10 cmatvaobau.Khitrongcanchonnhngcaycungchieucaoatvao tng hang cho eu.DTrc khi trong cay vao bau mot ngay, phai ti nc cho attrong bau u am va xop.DMoi bau c trong mot cay ngay gia tam roi nen at chat re,phu at mn kn hat. Trong cay vao luc tri mat (trc 10 gi sangva sau 3 gi chieu).DHang ngay kiem tra e loai bo va at hat khac thay the ngaynhng cay khong at yeu cau do b gay, benh, khong co nh sinhtrng, cay yeu t, x mu tren than...ieu 21: Ti ncTiuncngaysaukhitrongcayvaobauenenatchatquanh bo re, khong lam heo cay. Trong mua kho phai ti ncthng xuyen va quy nh che o ti phu hp tuy theo loai at,thi tiet. Thong thng nen ti moi ngay mot lan t khi trong cayvao bau en luc cay at 1 tang la on nh, ti hai ngay mot lankhi cay at 1 - 2 tang la va 3 - 4 ngay ti mot lan khi at tren 2tang la, lng nc ti khoang 10 lt nc/m2/lan.10 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namieu 22: Lam coV n ng pha i c gisa ch co . Cotrong ba u c nhoba ng tay.ieu 23: Bon phan cho vn ng bauBang 2: Lng phan bon cho cao su vn ng bau cat ngonLoai phanLan bonLan th 1(g/bau)Lan th 3(g/bau)Lan th 4(g/bau)Lan th 5(g/bau)Cong(g/bau)Ure 2 3 3 4 12Lan nung chay 4 4 2 - 10Clorua Kali 0,5 1 1 - 2,5Cong (g/bau) 6,5 8 6 4 24,5DLoai phan, lieu lng va so lan bon theo bang 2.DThi gian bon: Bon lan 1 khi cay at 2 tang la on nh, cac lansau cach nhau 30 ngay. Ngng bon trc khi ghep 30 ngay.DKy thuat bon: Tron that eu 3 loai phan, rai phan eu sat thanhbau. Tranh bon trc tiep vao goc.DTi nc khi bon phan: Bon phan en au th ti nc ngayen o, ti am cho en khi phan tan hoan toan.ieu 24: Phong tr benh va con trung(Xem Phan III - Quy trnh ky thuat Bao ve thc vat cay cao su)ieu 25: Ghep cayDo ln goc ghep: Khi cay trong bau co ng knh goc o cachmat at 10 cm at tren 8 mm th tien hanh ghep. Tranh ti nctrongngayghep,saukhighepphaitincayuneugheptrong mua nang. Trong mua ma, khong ghep khi goc ghep cont.DThi gian ghep: oi vi vn ng bau c cham soc ung kythuat,cayudinhdng,sinhtrngtot,cotheghepraivutthang 2 8.DGo ghep: Co tuoi canh tng ng vi goc ghep, troc vo.ieu 26: Chuan b bau cat ngon e trongDSau khi ghep 20 ngay th m bang. Sau khi m bang t nhat 15ngay mi cat ngon. DCat ngon nhng bau co cay ghep song at ng knh goc tren12 mm o cach mat at 10 cm. Cat ngon o cao 5 cm cach mQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200411Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamHnh 6: Bau cat ngon chuan b trongtren cua mat ghep, mat cat nghieng 300ve pha oi dien vi matghep. Ngay sau khi cat boi vaselin len tren mat cat.DSau khi cat ngon th nhac bau len khoi ranh, cat bo phan re amra khoi bau roi tap trung bau lai mot cho e chuyen i trong. Thigian cat ngon en khi trong khong qua 7 ngay.Lu y: Trc khi em bau i trong, gi bau va u am e tranhlong goc, v bau.Muc III : KY THUAT LAM VN TUM BAU CO TANG LAieu 27: Chuan b DViecchonat,thietke,aoranh,quycachbau,choatvaobau, ti nc tng t nh ieu 15, 16, 17, 18 va 21, Muc II -Ky thuat lam vn ng bau cat ngon.Dat bau vao ranh co o sau bang na chieu cao bau.ieu 28: Quy cach bau va tumDKch thc bau: 18 x 35 cm.DQuycachtumtran:ngknhgocatt13mmtrlenocach co re 10 cm, uoi chuot thang, dai 27 cm tnh t m di matghep khi s dung bau 18 x 35 cm hoac dai 25 cm khi s dung bau16 x 33 cm, vet cat re coc hi vat, mat ghep song on nh.12 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namieu 29: Thi vu at tum vao bauDe san xuat tum bau 2 - 3 tang la trong trong thi vu trong mihoac trong dam th tum c at vao bau trc o khoang 5 thang.DThi vu:ong Nam bo va Tay Nguyen:t 15/11 en 31/12.Mien Trung va Ha Tnh tr vao: t 1/5 en 15/6.Ba c Trung bo(NgheAn - Thanh Ho a): ttha ng 8 e n tha ng 9.ieu 30: Ky thuat trong tum vao bauTrc khi trong tum 1 - 2 ngay, at trong bau phai c ti nccho en khi bao hoa, t ti ay bau. Dung cay noc khoet lo giatam bau, cam tum vao lo sao cho m di mat ghep cach at 1 cm,mat ghep quay ra pha ngoai roi nen chat at xung quanh re tum.Tum trong ti au ti nc ti o. Sau khi trong xong moi ngayti 1 lan, tkhi cay at 1 tang la tr len, ti 2 ngay 1 lan hoaccocheotiphuhptheoieukientngvung.Trongmuanang, luon ti nc cho at trong bau u am.ieu 31: Cham socDVn ng phai c gi sach co, dung cuoc e lam co gia haihang kep cach thanh bau 5 cm, dung tay nho co trong bau.DLamdanche:Vnngtumbautrienkhaivaomuakho(ong Nam bo va Tay Nguyen) nen lam dan che nang vi o caothuan li cho viec cham soc.DThng xuyen kiem tra cat bo choi dai va choi ngang kp thie tang ty le am choi va giup cho tc ghep phat trien tot.DMda n che: Khi cho i apha t trie n c mo t ta ng la , pha i mma iche, mda n eca y quen na ng vacoua nh na ng, tra nh be nh la .Bang 3: Lng phan bon cho cao su vn ng tum bau co tang laLoai phanLan bonLan th 1(g/bau)Lan th 2(g/bau)Lan th 4(g/bau)Lan th 5(g/bau)Cong(g/bau)Ure 2 4 4 4 10Super lan 4 4 4 - 12Clorua Kali 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 6Cong(g/bau)7,5 9,5 9,5 4 30,5Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200413Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamBang 4: Lng phan bon cho cao su vn ng bau co tang laLoai phanLan bonLan th 1(g/bau)Lan th 2(g/bau)Lan th 3(g/bau)Lan th 4(g/bau)Cong(g/bau)Ure 2 3 3 4 12Super lan 4 4 2 - 10Clorua Kali 0,5 1 1 - 2,5Cong(g/bau)6,5 8 6 4 24,5ieu 32: Bon phanLoai phan, lieu lng va so lan bon theo bang 3.DThi gian bon: Bon lan 1 khi cay at 2 tang la on nh, cac lansau cach nhau 30 ngay.DKy thuat bon: Tron that eu 3 loai phan, rai phan eu sat thanhbau. Tranh bon trc tiep vao goc.DTi nc khi bon phan: Bon phan en au th ti nc ngayen o, ti nhieu lan cho en khi phan tan hoan toan.ieu 33: Phong tr benh cho cao su trong vn ng tum bau co tang la(Xem phan III - Quy trnh ky thuat Bao ve thc vat cay cao su)ieu 34: Chuan b bau em trongDSau khi cay at hai tang la on nh th tien hanh ao bau lan 1,cac lan ao bau sau o cach lan trc 30 ngay.DChon nhng bau co 2 -3 tang la co tang tren cung on nh va phanrieng tng nhom co mc sinh trng nh nhau e em i trong.Luy: Trckhiembauitrong,gichobauvauametranh long goc, v bau.Muc IV: KY THUAT LAM VN NG BAU COTANG LAieu 35: Thi vuat hat t thang 7 en thang 8.ieu 36: Chuan bDViecchonat,thietke,aoranh,quycachbau,choatvaobau, ti nc tng t nh ieu 15, 16, 17, 18 va 21 Muc II -Ky thuat lam vn ng bau cat ngon.Dat bau vao ranh co o sau bang na chieu cao bau.ieu 37: Bon phan thucLoai phan, lieu lng va so lan bon theo bang 4.14 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDKy thuat bon: Nh ieu 23 muc II.DMoi lan bon phan cach nhau 30 ngay. ieu 38: Ghep cay va cat ngon goc ghepDKhi cay co ng knh goc o cach mat at 10 cm, at t 8 mmtrlen,tienhanhchoghepvachghepkhicaycotanglatrencung on nh. Khi thi tiet kho han, phai ti nc u am cho bautrong thi vu ghep.DThi gian ghep: Goc ghep va go ghep at tieu chuan theo quynh, troc vo tot th tien hanh ghep rai vu t thang 2 5. ieu 39: Cat ngon goc ghepXem ieu 26 muc II.ieu 40: Cham soc bau ghep co tang laDChuyen va sap bau: Bau cat ngon c chuyen en mot v trkhac, at sau di at 10 cm, sap thanh hang oi, mat ghep quayra pha ngoai. Hang kep cach mep nhau 60 cm.DCham soc bau: Thng xuyen nho co trong bau. Lam sach cogia cac hang. S dung phan bon la khi can thiet. Phong tr benh,ta choi thc sinh va choi ngang kp thi.Hnh 7: Bau ghep 1 va 3 tang la chuan b trongQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200415Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namieu 41: Tuyen bau co tang la em trongBaucatngoncchamsoctieptrongvnngechoighepmoc mam va phat trien c 1 - 3 tang la (sau cat ngon khoang 30- 60 ngay) va ch chon bau co tang la tren cung on nh e trong.Muc V: QUY TRNH KY THUAT VN NHAN GO GHEP CAO SUieu 43: Cay giong e lam vn nhanVn nhan go ghep co the c thiet lap bang cac loai cay giongnhtumtran,baucatngonhoacathattrongthanggheptailo(350 - 400 kg hat/ha)ieu 44: Thi vuThi vu e lam vn nhan tuy theo loai cay giong c s dungva vung trong:Dong Nam bo va Tay nguyen:Trong tum tran 10 thang tuoi: t 1/6 - 15/7Trong bau cat ngon: 15/5 - 31/8Tronghatgheptailo:Lamattrc15/7,athattrc30/8, ghep thang 6 - 7 nam sau, ca ngon thang 10.DMien Trung:Trong bang tum tran hoac bau cat ngon: thang 9 -10.Tronghatgheptailo:Lamattrc31/8,athattrcthang 9 - 10, ghep thang 9 - 10 nam sau.ieu 45: Chuan b atTng t nh ieu 2 muc I - Ky thuat lam vn ng tum tran 10thang tuoi.ieu 46: Thiet keDThiet ke phai at yeu cau chong xoi mon, chong ung vao muama, thuan tien cho viec cham soc va quan ly.DVnnhancchiathanhnhieuonho.Kchthcocothedai 50 - 100 m, rong 20 - 30 m. Cac o cach nhau bang ng rong3 m. ng van chuyen chnh rong 5 m.DCa y tro ng theo ha ng n, ca y ca ch ca y 0,4 m, ha ng ca ch ha ng 1 m.DMat o thiet ke 25.000 goc/ha ong ac e co the cung cap:Nam 1: 14.000 m go xanh nauNam 2: 22.000 m go xanh nauT nam 3: 30.000 m go xanh nauT nam th 4 tr i: Bnh quan 30.000 m go/nam.16 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamThi gian khai thac vn nhan go ghep toi a la 10 nam.Dvu ng cogiol n ca n pha i la m ha ng ra o ca y cha n giocao tre n 2 m.ieu 47: Lam atDao ranh rong 50 cm, sau 50 cm. DBon lot phan chuong hoai 30 tan/ha hoac cac loai phan hu ccochatlngtngngvaphanlannungchay(15%P2O5)1.100 kg/ha. Rai phan theo ranh, tron eu phan va at trong ranh.ieu 48: Phong tr benh va con trung(Xem Phan III - Quy trnh ky thuat bao ve thc vat cay cao su)ieu 49: Cham soc vn nhan go ghepDTh ng xuye n ca t bocho i th c sinh vacho i ngang. Na m th2 -3,mo igo cch a2cho ikho e.T na mth ttr i,ch a3-4cho i/go c tu y ol n cu a t ng go c.DVn nhan phai c gi sach co. Co the diet co bang thu conghay dung hoa chat (xem Quy trnh ky thuat bao ve thc vat caycao su).ieu 50: Bon phanLoai phan va lieu lng xem bang 6.DChia eu lng phan tren e bon lam ba lan, bon khi at u am.Trong thi gian 1 - 1,5 thang trc ngay cat go ghep khong cbon phan cho vn nhan.Hnh 8: Thiet ke iem trong trong vn nhanx------- 1m -------x x xx x x xx x x xx x x xBang 6: Lng phan bon thuc hang nam tren vn nhan go ghepLoai phan thucNam 1 T nam 2 tr ikg/hag/cay kg/ha g/cayUreLan nung chayClorua Kali50068728720,027,511,57502.0622873082,511,5Cong (g/bau) 1.474 59,0 3.099 124,00,4mQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200417Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDBon bo sung nh ky 3 nam 1 lan phan hu c vi sinh gia ranhvi so lng 1.500 kg/ha.ieu 51: Ti ncTrongnamau,canphaitincngayaumuakhoechoiphat trien. Neu can s dung go e ghep rai vu trong mua kho thphaitiuamedebocvogoghep.Lngncti80m3/ha/lan ti, ti 2 lan/tuan va lien tuc trong 6 tuan.ieu 52: Thanh loc giongCan bo ky thuat chuyen trach giong kiem tra vn nhan t nhat 2lan/nam e cat bo choi thc sinh va choi khong ung giong.ieu 53: Tieu chuan canh go ghepDCanhgoghepphaicokchthcvatuoicanhtngngvigoc ghep, troc vo de dang.DTuy theo giong, so lng mat ghep khac nhau nhng bnh quanchung phai at 10 mat hu hieu tren 1 m canh go ghep dang xanhhoac xanh nau. ieu 54: Nang tang la va cat canh go ghepDNang tang la: Trc khi cat canh 25 - 30 ngay, dung dao bencat la cha cuong con 1 - 2 cm. Cat cac tang la di thap, cha lai1 tang la tren cung on nh hoac cha 2 tang neu tang la tren cungcha on nh.DCat canh go ghep: Ch cat e s dung nhng canh go ghep cot nhat 2 tang la va tang la tren cung on nh. Mat cat nghieng 35ove pha ngoai goc. Cat canh vao luc ram mat (trc 10 gi sangva sau 3 gi chieu). Tuyet oi khong e canh ngoai nang.Nam th nhat: Cat canh ghep cach cho phat choi 15-20 cm.Nam th hai: Cat canh ghep cach mat at 50 cm.T nam th 3 tr i: Cat canh ghep cach cho phat choi 10 cm.ieu 55: Bao quan, van chuyen canh go ghepDCanh go ghep sau khi cat phai c bao quan tot. Thi gian tkhi cat en khi s dung khong qua 5 ngay.DNeu s dung trong ngay, canh go ghep c gi am trong baobo tham nc, e ni thoang mat.DNeu phai van chuyen i xa, canh go ghep phai c nhung sapparafin hai au roi xep tng lp vao thung co xen ke chat emla mun ca mn a c x ly bang cach ti nc u am trong 7ngay trc va co tron bot lu huynh 0,1%.18 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDThung go ghep ch nen cha khoang 100 - 120 canh. Thung cothe lam bang go hoac giay cng khong tham nc, co kch thcdai 0,7 - 1,1 m, rong 0,3 - 0,4m, cao 0,3 - 0,35 m. Ben ngoai thungphaiconhanghirotengiong,solng,ngaygicatcanh,nicap, ni nhan.ieu 56: Ca nh hnh va ca phuc hoiDCa nh hnh: Sau khi thu hoach go ghep lan au, ch nuoi 1choi ghep to, khoe. Lan thu hoach th 2, ca canh ong loat cachat 50 cm e nh hnh. Cac lan thu hoach tiep theo cat sat iemnh hnh.DCa phuc hoi: Sau 5 7 nam khai thac go ghep, tien hanh caphuc hoi v tr sat ngay pha di iem nh hnh lan au tien.Hnh 9: Vn nhan a nh hnhQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200419Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamMuc VI: QUAN LY VN SAN XUAT CAY GIONG CAO SUieu 57: Quan ly vn ngDLap ho s ghi ro ngay, thang, nam trong, loai hat giong, giongghep, go ghep, so cay at tieu chuan ghep va ty le ghep song cuatng t ghep theo tng loai giong.DLapnhatkytheodoisdunghatgiong,phanbon,laoongcham soc, tang trng va bao ve thc vat...Dnh ky theo doi cac ch tieu tang trng vn ng e co bienphap ch ao kp thi.DTo chc khoan cham soc cho cong nhan tren dien tch co nhva yeu cau am bao chat lng vn cay.ieu 58: Quan ly vn nhanDLaphostheodoiayulylchvnnhanvegocghepvagiong nhan: ten, ni cung cap, thi gian thc hien, so lng quacac namDThong ke ve cong lao ong, vat t s dung, chi ph Dnh ky theo doi tnh hnh sinh trng cua goc ghep, choi ghepe co bien phap ch ao kp thi.DMoi vn phai co bang ghi ten giong ro rang.ieu 59: Kiem nh giong va thanh loc vn nhanDVn nhan phai c Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam kiemnh va thanh loc giong nh ky.DCacyeucauvekiemnhgiongdoVienNghiencuCaosuViet Nam quy nh cu the.20 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamChng IIQUY TRNH KY THUAT TRONG MI CAO SUMuc I: CAC TIEU CHUAN KY THUAT CHU YEUieu 60: Thi gian kien thiet c banDat trong cao su c phan thanh hang Ia, Ib, IIa, IIbva III.Tieu chuan phan hang at trong cao su theo vung sinh thai cneu trong phu luc 1.DThi gian kien thiet c ban cua lo cao su tnh t nam trong cquy nh tuy theo mc o thch hp cua vung at canh tac, cu thenh sau:Vung at thch hp hang I (Ia va Ib) : 6 namVung at thch hp hang II (IIa va IIb) : 7 namVung at thch hp hang III: 8 nam ieu 61: Tieu chuan vn cay nam th nhatVao thi iem kiem ke vn cay cuoi thang 12 cua nam trong, tyle cay ghep phai at:Dong Nam bo va Tay Nguyen: Cay song tren 95% vi 80% cayco 3 tang la tr len.DMien Trung t Ha Tnh tr vao: Cay song tren 95%, cay at 2tang la tr len.DBac Trung bo (Nghe An, Thanh Hoa): Cay song tren 95% vi80% cay at 5 tang la tr len. ieu 62: Tieu chuan tang trng hang nam be vong than cayHang atNam2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Hang Ia va Ib 10 20 30 39 48 Khai thac Khai thac Khai thacHang IIa va IIb 8 17 26 35 42 48 Khai thac Khai thacHang III 7 12 18 26 34 42 46 Khai thacBang 6: Tieu chuan tang trng hang nam be vong than cay o o cao 1 m (cm)Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200421Tieu chuan be vong than cay ghep o tai v tr cach mat at 1 m vaothi iem kiem ke cuoi nam phai at mc quy nh ghi bang 6.Ghi chu: Cao su vung Bac Trung bo trong vu xuan, vanh cac namau at cao hn nhng tang vanh trong cac nam thap hn nen thigian kien thiet c ban cung trong khoang tren. ieu 63: Tieu chuan vn cay khi het thi gian kien thiet c banMot lo cay khi het thi gian kien thiet c ban phai co ty le cay huhieu at tren 90% mat o thiet ke, trong o co t nhat 70 % so cayat tieu chuan khai thac.ieu 64: Nang suat thiet keNang suat bnh quan cho 20 nam khai thac la 2 tan/ha/nam oi viat hang I; 1,7 tan/ha/nam oi vi at hang II va 1,4 tan/ha/namoi vi at hang III.Muc II: CHUAN B AT, THIET KE LO VA XAY DNG VNCAYieu 65: Tieu chuan at trong cao sue am bao mc tang trng nh ieu 62 va nang suat nh ieu64, at trong cay cao su phai co o doc di 30%, cao o di 700m, khong b ngap ung, khong co lp laterit hoac tang soi, a trongpham vi o sau 80 cm cach mat at.ieu 66: Khai hoang va lam at trong cao suDKhai hoang lam at trong cao su c thc hien theo Quy trnhky thuat khai hoang va xay dng vn cay do Tong Cong ty Caosu Viet Nam ban hanh.DKhi ban giao e tai canh, trong mi cao su, at phai c khaihoanghplybaoamcacyeucaubaoveatmau,chongxoimon, chong ung va hoan chnh cac cong trnh xay dng vn caybaogomnglo,nglienlo,mngechongxoimonvung at doc, mng thoat nc vung at thap.DChuanbattrongphaihoantattrcthivutrongmibathang. at co co tranh phai s dung hoa chat diet het co trc khilam at. ieu 67: Thiet ke lo cao suDLapsomatbangvathietkelotrongtrenbanocotyle1/10.000 e lam c s cho viec thiet ke ngoai thc a.DKch thc lo trongTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam22 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamCac khu vc co a hnh doc di 8% th thiet ke lo 25 ha(500 x 500 m).Cac khu vc co a hnh doc tren 8% th thiet ke lo nho hn,hnh dang lo tuy a hnh cu the.DThiet ke hang trongat doc di 8%: Trong thang hang theo hng Bac Nam.atdocttren8%:Thietkehangtheongongmcchu ao. DMat o va khoang cach trongMat o 476 cay/ha (7 m x 3 m) ap dung cho vung at thuochang Ia hoac giong cao su khong thch hp trong day nh RRIM600, Mat o 512 cay/ha (6,5 x 3 m), 555 cay/ha (6 x 3 m) va 571cay/ha (7x 2,5 m)ap dung cho vung at thuoc hang I b, II va III.vungatdochn8%,khoangcachhangcaythayoitheo ng ong mc, bo tr cay tren hang thay oi t 2 - 3 m ebao am mat o thiet ke 512 - 571 cay/ha. ieu 68: Chong xoi mon va chong ungDVungcoodoctren8%phaicohethongbchacchanechong xoi mon.- Khoang cach b:o doc 8 - 10%: Hai b cach nhau khoang 15hang cao su.o doc 11 - 20%: Hai b cach nhau khoang 7 hang cao su.o doc 21 - 30%: Hai b cach nhau khoang 6 hang cao su.- Kch thc b: ay rong 2 m, mat rong 0,5 m, cao0,8 m.DVung at doc a thiet ke hang theo ng ong mc co the taomat bang cho tng ho trong vi kch thc 1 x 1 m. Cac nam sautrong qua trnh lam co hang tao dan ng i noi cac iem trongtren cung hang. DThiet lap sm tham phu ho au gia hang. Neu khong phai githam thc vat t nhien co chieu cao 15 - 20 cm e chong xoi monva bao ve at.Muc III: TRONG CAO SUieu 69: ao ho, bon lot DHo co kch thc dai 70 cm, rong 50 cm, sau 60 cm, ay ho rong50x50cm.Khiaophaierienglpatmatvalpatay.Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200423Tren at doc th e rieng lp at ay ve pha di doc. ao ho eai trc khi bon phan va lap ho khoang 15 ngay. Co the s dungc gii e ao ho vi kch thc ho bang hoac ln hn.DBon lot: Moi ho 300 g phan lan nung chay, 10 kg phan chuongu hoai. Neu s dung cac dang phan hu c khac e bon lot phaic s ong y cua Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam.DCong viec lap ho c thc hien trc khi trong t nhat 5 ngay.Lay lp at mat lap khoang na ho; Sau o tron euphan hu c,phanlanvilpatmatxungquanhelapayho.Camcocgia tam ho e anh dau iem trong. ieu 70: Thi vu trongDCh trong khi thi tiet thuan li, at co u o am. Thi vu trongcu the cho tng vung nh sau:ong Nam bo va Tay Nguyen: Trong tum t 1/6 en 15/7;Trong bau t 15/5 en 31/8.Mien Trung t Ha Tnh tr vao: Trong t 15/9 en 31/10.Bac Trung bo (Nghe An, Thanh Hoa): Trong bang bau catngon hoac bau co tang la vao vu xuan (thang 2 - 3).DTrong dam cung c thc hien trong thi vu neu tren.ieu 71: Giong cao suPhai thc hien ung theo c cau giong cua tng giai oan do TongCongtyCaosuVietNambanhanh.Moilotrongmotgiong,khong trong lien vung qua 200 ha cho mot giong.ieu 72: Tieu chuan cay giongDTieu chuan tum tran 10 thang tuoingknhcuatumocachmatat10cmt16mmtrlen. Mat ghep tot, song on nh.Tum khong b troc vo, khong b dap. Re coc tum phai thang,sau khi x ly dai t nhat 40 cm tnh t co re.DTieu chuan bau cat ngonng knh goc ghep o cach mat at 10 cm at t nhat 14mm. Mat ghep tot, song on nh.Bau at khong b be, cay khong b long goc. DTieu chuan bau co tang la ng knh goc ghep o cach mat at 10 cm at toi thieu12 mm. Choi ghep co t nhat mot tang la on nh, khoe.Bau at khong b be, cay khong b long goc. DTieu chuan tum bau co tang la Choi ghep co t nhat hai tang la on nh, khoe.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam24 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamBau at khong b be, cay khong b long goc. ieu 73: Trong cayDTrong tumTrckhitrongcandonsachco,recay,...xung quanh ho, sau o dung cuoc moc at trongho len ti o sau bang chieu dai cua re cay tum.attumthangng,matghepquayvehnggiochnh,mdimatghepngangvimat at. Lap ho lai bang phan at va lay len;lap tng lp at mot va dam ky e at bam chatvao tum. Sau cung, dung at ti xop phu kn core, ngang m di mat ghep.DTrong bau Trckhitrongcandonsachco,recay,...xung quanh ho, sau o dung cuoc moc at trongho len ti o sau tng ng vi chieu cao bau.Dung dao ben cat sat ay bau va phan re cocnhurakhoibau.Trnghprecocbxoantrong bau th phai cat het phan re xoan.atbauvaohochothangng,matghepquayvehnggiochnh,mdimatghepngang vi mat at.Ra chba uPEtheo ngtha ng ngro ike onhetu i ba u le n. Ke o tu i ba u t i a u th la p a t ene n cha t ba u t i o . Chuykho ng la m beba u.Hnh 10: Ky thuat trong bauA. Cat ay bauB. at bau xuongho, rach 1/2 tui bauap at.C. Keo dan tui bauva lap at enmieng ho.D. Vun at, hoanchnhABCDQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200425ieu 74: Trong damPhai trong dam va nh hnh vn cay ngay t nam th nhat, chamnhat la nam th hai. Trong dam bang cay con ung giong va comc phat trien tng ng vi cay tren vn.DTrong dam trong nam th nhat: Hai mi ngay sau khi trong, kiem tra e trong dam nhngcay chet va cay co mat ghep chet. Dung bau cat ngon, bau 1 - 2tang la on nh hoac tum bau tren 2 tang la on nh e trong dam. So lng cay giong can c chuan b e trong dam so viso lng cay trong mi trong nam th nhat la 15% oi vi phngphap trong bau va 25% oi vi phng phap trong tum.DTrong dam trong nam th hai: Dam bang bau hoac tum bau co 2 - 3 tang la.So lng caychuan b e dam d kien la 5 % hoac theo ket qua kiem ke cuoinam th nhat e chuan b u dam vao au vu trong mi.Muc IV: TRONG XEN TRONG VN CAO SUieu 75: Quy nh chungDCothetrongxencayhoau,lua,raumaugiahangcaosutrong 3 nam au.Lu y: Cay trong xen khong anh hng cao su va khong la ky chucua nhng mam benh cua cay cao su. Phai bon phan cho cay trongxen,luancanhhplyvadungcacdthathcvatsaukhithuhoach e tu goc cho cay cao su.DTren at bac mau, at doc, phai thiet lap tham phu cay ho aungay t nam au. Tren dien tch co xen canh cay ngan ngay, phaithiet lap tham phu ho au ngay sau khi ngng trong xen.DKhong trong xen cay ngan ngay tren vn cao su co o doc tren8% v viec lam at co the gay xoi mon nghiem trong.ieu 76: Khoang cach trong xenDTrong xen au, lua:Nam th nhat : Trong xen cach hang cao su moi ben 1,5 moi vi lua va 1 m oi vi cay au.Nam th hai, nam th ba: Trong xen cach hang cao su toithieu 1,5 m.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam26 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDThiet lap tham phu ho au:Co the trong thuan hoac hon hp mot so loai cay thch hpvi nhau, bo sung cho nhau e phat huy toi a tac dung cua thamphu. Duy tr tham phu cach goc cao su 1,5 m. Cho n ca c loa i ca y hoa u nh Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides),Mucuna(Mucunacochichinensis),aulong(Calopogoniummucunoides) etro ng xen.Bon phan cho tham phu giup tham phat trien nhanh ngay nam au, bon lot lan luc trong cay tham phu.Chng IIICHAM SOC CAO SU TRONG MI VA CAO SU KIEN THIET C BANMuc I: LAM CO VN CAO SU KIEN THIET C BANieu 77: Lam co tren hang cao suD nhng ni co tranh, le, lo o phai diet sach ngay t au bangcac bien phap canh tac, hoa chat, c gii, thu cong,...DNam th nhat: Sau khi trong xong phai don mat bang quanh goccao su rong 2 m (cach goc cao su moi ben 1m) 3 lan/nam. Co satgoc cao su phai nho bang tay, tranh dung cuoc v de lam h haicho cay. ni at doc nhieu phai lam co bon thay v lam co hange giam bt xoi mon. Khi lam co hang khong c keo at ra khoigoc cao su.DT nam th hai tr i, lam co cach goc cao su moi ben 1,5 m. DT nam th 2 en nam th 5 lam co 4 lan/nam; Nam th 6 ennam th 8 lam co 2 lan/nam.DHan che lam co thu cong tren hang, u tien tr co bang thuocdiet co. S dung thuoc diet co theo Quy trnh ky thuat bao ve thcvat cay cao su.ieu 78: Quan ly gia hang cao suDPhat don co, choi gia hai hang cao su, ch e duy tr tham cothapcachmatatkhoang15-20cm.Namthnhatphatco2lan/nam, nam th hai en nam th nam phat 4 lan/nam, nam thsau, th bay va nam th tam phat 2 lan/nam. Neu co s dung hoachat e diet co th giam so lan phat co.Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200427Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamDHanchecayatgiahangtnamthhaitri,tuyetoikhong cay vung at co o doc hn 8%. Tren at bang ch caygia hang khi can lam at trong xen, khoang cach ng cay enhang cao su toi thieu la 1,5 m. ieu 79: Tu goc DTu goc gi am: Phup bon, vun at hoac tu goc vi d tha thcvat (co dai, cay tham phu hoac phu pham t cay trong xen) vaoaumuakhotronghainamau.Trckhitugocphaixiphavang lp at mat. Lu y tu cach goc 10 cm, ban knh tu goc 1 m,day toi thieu 10 cm. Sau khi tu goc phu len tren mot lp at day5 cm. nam au va nam th hai co the s dung c gii e cay tugoc vao au mua kho vi mot ng cay moi ben cach hang cay1 m va lat at vao goc.DTugocthngxuyen:vungngoaitruyenthongvicaosunen tu goc thng xuyen trong cac nam au vi vat lieu la d thathc vat nh tren.Muc II: BON PHAN CHO VN CAO SU KIEN THIET C BANieu 80: Bon phan vo cDLng phan: Lng phan bon thay oi tuy theo hang at, mato trong va tuoi cay theo bang 7. Cac loai phan vo c ngoai danhmuc quy nh, khong phai cac dang phan bon thong dung nh ure,phan lan nung chay va kali clorua th eu phai c s ong y cuaTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam mi c bon tren ai tra.DSo lan bon phan: Phan vo c c chia bon lam 2 - 3 t trongnam. Nam au tien thi gian gia cac lan bon phan cach nhau tnhat 1 thang. Nam th hai tr i bon vao au va cuoi mua ma.DCach bon: Bon phan khi at u am, khong bon phan vao thi iem coma ln, ma tap trung.T nam th nhat en nam th t: Cuoc ranh hnh vanh khanhoac xam nhieu lo hoac bau lo quanh goc cao su theo hnh chieucua tan la e bon phan, sau o lap at vui phan. Khi cay cao su a giao tan oi vi at bang phang hoac doc,t doc th rai eu phan thanh bang rong 1m gia hai hang cao su,xi nhe lap phan. Tranh lam t re ln cua cay cao su; oi vi atco o doc tren 15 % th bon vao he thong ho gi mau va lap vui28 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namkn phan bang la, co muc hoac at (theo thiet ke lo tren at doc,ieu 68). Neu vn cay cha co he thong ho gi mau t ban auth co the thiet lap he thong ho tng t cac nam sau.Lu y: Ho gi mau phai c vet bt at tch tu hang nam, khonge at vui lap. Phan bon qua la cung c s dung trong hai nam au vi so lanphunnhcgiithieubang7;nitrongtrethtangsolanphun qua la vao nam th hai.ieu 81: Bon phan hu cDPhan hu c c s dung nham cai tao ly tnh at, tang lngmun va cung cap mot phan dinh dng cho cay. Nhng vn caosu KTCB sinh trng kem hn bnh thng phai c khao sat vaphan tch ve ly, hoa tnh cua at e co c s e xuat cu the ve viecbon phan hu c ket hp vi phan vo c nham lam tang hieu quacua phan bon.DPhan hu c c bon vao ho nho doc hai ben hang cao su theohnh chieu cua tan la, sau o vui at lap phan.DTat ca cac loai phan hu c c s dung e bon bo sung chocaosueuphaiatyeucauchatlngvaphaicsongycua Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam.Muc III: CONG TAC BAO VE VN CAY CAO SU KIEN THIET C BANieu 82: Cat choi thc sinh, choi ngangDSau khi trong phai cat choi thc sinh va choi ngang kp thi echo choi ghep phat trien tot. DTa canh, tao tan: Trong cac nam au KTCB can thng xuyenkiem tra cat bo nhng canh moc lech tan, canh moc tap trung.D vung thuan li tao tan o cao 3 m tr len. vung co giomanh nen gi ocao phan canh t 2,2 m tr len.D vung t thuan li, vao mua thay la cua cac nam au phai tacanh co kiem soat: Khi cat ta choi ben, duy tr 3 - 4 choi nganggan ngon e ho tr ngon chnh. Lu lai canh t o cao 2,2 m enh hnh tan.Moi v tr phan canh tren than chnh ch gi lai 1canh.ieu 83: Phong tr benh va con trung(Xem Quy trnh ky thuat bao ve thc vat cay cao su)Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200429Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namieu 84: Phong chong chayHang nam vao au mua kho tien hanh lam cac cong tac ephong chong chay cho lo cao su cu the nh sau:Phat don sach co quanh ba lo.Lam sach co, quet don canh, la kho tren hang cao su rongmoi ben 1,5 m.Phat don choi, co gia hang cao su e tranh moi la.Trong moi lo cao su don sach co, la e lam cac ng bangcach ly rong 10 m cach nhau 100 m.Tuyet oi khong ot la trong lo cao su.ieu 85: Bao ve lo cao su nhng vung trong cao su co kha nang de b trau bo hoacthurng pha hai phai co nhng cong trnh bao ve. ao hao hoaclamhang rao chong trau bo va cac loai thu rng tuy theo ieu kien cuthe cua tng ni. Cac n v phai to chc lc lng trc gac baove vn cay.Chng IVQUAN LY VN CAO SU KIEN THIET C BANieu 86: Quan ly lo cao suMoi lo cao su phai co tru xi mang tren o ghi ten lo, nam trong,dien tch, mat o, giong va phng phap trong.Moi lo co ho s ly lch gom s o mat bang, phieu kiem ke hangnam va ly lch vn cay. Ho s ly lch tng lo phai c lu tr nong trng va cong ty.ieu 87: Phan cap quan ly vn cay1. Trach nhiem cua Tong cong ty Cao suBan hanh quy trnh ky thuat trong mi va cham soc cao su KTCB.Kiem tra viec thc hien quy trnh ky thuat cua cac cong ty.To chc tap huan ky thuat cho can bo cua cac cong ty.Kiem tra so lng va chat lng vn cao su KTCB vao cuoi nam.To chc khen thng cho cac cong ty tuy theo ket qua kiem ke,phan loai chat lng vn cao su KTCB vao cuoi nam.2. Trach nhiem cua giam oc cong tyQuan ly va to chc thc hien tot cong tac xay dng c ban vncaytheokehoachkhoilngcgiao,baoamthchientot30 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Namcong tac trong mi, cham soc cao su KTCB theo ung quy trnhky thuat cua Tong Cong ty Cao su VN ban hanh.TochckiemkechnhxacsolngvachatlngvncaosuKTCB vao cuoi nam.S, tong ket, rut kinh nghiem ve viec quan ly vn cay cao su.3. Trach nhiem cua giam oc nong trngQuan ly ho s ly lch cua cac lo cao su ke ca phan dien tch at ac quy hoach cua nong trng.To chc kiem tra, nghiem thu ve so lng, chat lng cong viecthc hien cua cac oi thuoc nong trng hang quy va cuoi nam.S,tongket,anhgia,rutkinhnghiemvecongtactrongmi,cham soc vn cay cao su hang nam cua nong trng.4.Trach nhiem cua oi trngThng xuyen kiem tra on oc viec thc hien quy trnh ky thuat.Tham gia nghiem thu khoi lng cong viec thc hien cua cac to.Tong hp so lieu bao cao cua cac to e bao ve nong trng.5. Trach nhiem cua to trngHng dan cu the cac thao tac ky thuat cho to vien.Tham gia nghiem thu khoi lng cong viec thc hien cua to.Ghi chep so lieu ban au ve moi yeu tolien quan en lo cao suma to quan ly.6. Trach nhiem cua cong nhan cham socMoi cong nhan cham soc c giao khoan cham soc tren mot dientchcaosunhatnhtuytheotnhtrangcualo.Congviecgiaokhoan c ghi cu the trong hp ong khoan.Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200431Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamKaliK2O(kg/ha)9 18241239 18271359 18241479 182124168KCI(g/cay)32638429598829597827546372(kg/ha)15304020515304522515304024515303540280Lan P2O5 (kg/ha)23546332923546834923546841723506065458Lan nung chay(g/cay)315756882293703879293703879270595721(kg/ha)1503604202190150360450231015036045027601503304004303030amN (kg/ha)23556433423556935423556942323516064454Ure(g/cay)105252294982342939823429390198234252(kg/ha)50120140730501201507705012015092050110130140990Tong lng phan(kg/ha/nam)21551060031252155106453305215 5106403925215 4705656104300Namtuoi1 2 3-6Cong1 2 3-6Cong1 2 3-7Cong1 2 3 4-8CongMat o(cay/ha)476512512555571HangatIaIbIIa & IIbIIIPhun bo sung phan bon la cho cao su KTCB nam th nhat va nam th hai phun vi lieu lng la 4 lt/ha phan Komix - Rbhoac chung loai khac co chat lng tng ng; lan mot phun khi cay co 1 tang la on nh, cac lan phun sau cach nhau10 ngay.Bang7:LieulngphanhoahocbonthucchocaosukienthietcbanTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam32 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Phan ||: OUY TR|MH KY THUAT KHA| THAC NU 8 CHAN SDC CAD SU K|MH ODAMHTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200433Chng I: NHNG QUY NH CHUNG VE VIEC KHAI THAC MUieu 88: Tieu chuan cac loai vn cao su cao mua. Tieu chuan vn cay cao su mi a vao cao mu:DCay cao su at tieu chuan m cao khi be vong than cay o cachmat at 1 m at t 50 cm tr len, o day vo o cao 1 m cach matat phai at t 6 mm tr len.DLo cao su kien thiet c ban co t 70% tr len so cay hu hieuat tieu chuan m cao th c a vao cao mu.b. Tieu chuan vn cay a vao cao up co kiem soat:DVn cay kinh doanh bnh thng c a vao cao up co kiemsoat t nam cao th 11.c. Tieu chuan m cao vo tai sinh:DKhi m cao lai tren vo tai sinh, o day vo phai at t 6 mm trlen. DNhngtrnghpkhacviquynhneutrenphaicoykiencua Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam mi c thc hien.ieu 89: Phan loai vn cay khai thac va viec thanh ly vn cayDNhom I: Vn cay ang nam cao th 1 en nam cao th 10.DNhom II: Vn cay ang nam cao th 11 en nam cao th 17.DNhom III: Vn cay ang nam cao th 18 en nam cao th 20.Viec thanh ly vn cay phai do Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Namquyet nh.Chng II: TO CHC KHAI THAC MUMuc I: CHE O KHAI THACieu 90: oi vi dong vo tnh khong thch hp che o cao nang (v du:PB 235, VM 515, PB 260, RRIV 4) va cac giong mi (bang II, bang III)DVn cay nhom I:- Nam cao 1 : 1/2Sd/3 6d/7- Nam cao 2 - 5 : 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2.5% Pa 3/y- Nam cao 6 - 10 : 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 4/yTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam34 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004DVn cay nhom II: - Nam cao 11 14: (a)1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 5/y + 1/4Sd/3 6d/7 7m/12.ET 2,5% La 4/y.(b)1/4Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2,5% La 6/y (ap dung trong ieu kien thieu lao ong).- Nam cao 15 17 :1/2Sd/3 6d/7 6m/12.ET 2,5% Pa 4/y, 1/2Sd/3 6d/7 5m/12.ET 2,5% La 4/yDVn cay nhom III (cao tan thu):- Nam cao 18 19: 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 5% Pa 4/y + 1/2Sd/3 6d/7 7m/12.ET 5% La 4/y20 :Tuy tnh hnh thc te vn cay, ap dung che o cao huyieu91:oivicacdongvotnhthchhpcheocaonang(vdu:GT1, RRIM 600, PR255, PR 261, PB 255, RRIC 121, RRIV 2)DVn cay nhom I:- Nam cao 1 : 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2.5% Pa 2/y- Nam cao 2 - 5 : 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2.5% Pa 4/y- Nam cao 6 - 10 : 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 5/yDVn cay nhom II: - Nam cao 11 14: (a)1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 5/y + 1/4Sd/3 6d/7 7m/12.ET 2,5% La 6/y(b)1/4Sd/3 6d/7.ET 2,5% La 8/y (ap dung trong ieu kien thieu lao ong). - Nam cao 15 17: 1/2Sd/3 6d/7 6m/12.ET 2,5% Pa 4/y, 1/2Sd/3 6d/7 5m/12.ET 2,5% La 5/yDVn cay nhom III (cao tan thu):- Nam cao 18 19: 1/2Sd/3 6d/7.ET 5% Pa 6/y + 1/2Sd/3 6d/7 7m/12.ET 5% La 6/y20 : Tuy tnh hnh thc te vn cay, ap dung che o cao huyieu 92: oi vi khu vc Bac Trung bo (t Tha Thien Hue tr ra)DVn cay nhom I:- Nam cao 1 - 2 : 1/2Sd/2 6d/7- Nam cao 3 - 5 : 1/2Sd/2 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 2/y- Nam cao 6 - 10 : 1/2Sd/2 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 3/yTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200435DVn cay nhom II: - Nam cao 11 14: (a)1/2Sd/2 6d/7.ET 2,5% Pa 4/y + 1/4Sd/2 6d/7 7m/12.ET 2,5% La 3/y(b)1/4Sd/2 6d/7.ET 2,5% La 5/y (ap dung trong ieu kien thieu lao ong).- Nam cao 15 17 : 1/2Sd/2 6d/7 6m/12.ET 2,5% Pa 4/y, 1/2Sd/2 6d/7 5m/12.ET 2,5% La 3/yDVn cay nhom III (cao tan thu):- Nam cao 18 19: 1/2Sd/2 6d/7.ET 5% Pa 3/y + 1/2Sd/2 6d/7 7m/12.ET 5% La 3/y20: Tuy tnh hnh thc te vn cay, ap dung che o cao huyieu 93: Nguyen tac thiet ke mieng cao ap dung cho vn cay m caotheo quy trnh cuoivivncaykhaithacmcaotheoquytrnhcu,tuythuocvao ieu kien thc te, thiet ke m mieng cao up co the cung phahoac khac pha vi mieng cao nga.Tuy nhien, neu cao phoi hpup nga cung pha th hai mieng cao phai cach nhau t nhat 50 cm.Muc II: THIET KE, M MIENG CAOieu 94: Chia phan cay cao:So cay trong moi phan cay cao c chia da vao ieu kien ahnh vn cay, mat o cay cao, nam cao, tnh trang vo cao, cheo cao. oi vi vn cay nhom I, phan cay phai chia on nh tnam th hai sau khi m cao. oi vi vn cay nhom II, phan cayphai c phan chia ngay t au nam, tranh phan chia lai khi batau cao up gay xao tron san xuat, kho quan ly. Quy nh so caycao mu/phan theo bang 8.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam36 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Ghi chu: (*) Chia theo (a), (b) nh quy nh muc I: Che o khaithacMoi phan cay cao phai c anh dau phan chia ro rang va anhso th t phan cay cao.ieu 95: Trang b vat t cho cay caoDCay cao c trang b ay u cac vat t kieng, mang, chen vamang chan nc ma. Trong trng hp cao phoi hp up nga, cothe trang b vat t rieng cho moi mieng cao. DKieng buoc cach mieng tien 35 cm cho ca 2 mieng cao nga vacao up co kiem soat, cac vn cay nhom I, nhom II khong cong kieng vao than cay cao su. Buoc kieng bang day lo xo thepf =0,8 mm hoac bang day nylon.DMang ong di mieng tien 10 cm oi vi cao nga va 15 cmoi vi cao up co kiem soat, sau cach go 2 mm, o doc cua mangso vi truc ngang la 300DChenhngmubangatnungcotranglpmenstronglongchen hoac bang chen nha mat trong lang, dung tch chen t 500ml - 1000 ml tuy nhom cay.DVao mua ma phai trang b mang chan nc ma cho cay cao su.ieu 96: Thiet ke mieng caoa. Chieu cao mieng cao: DCay mi m cao co mieng tien cach mat at 1,3 m. Cao miengngalientucsaunammatcaovonguyensinhB0-1,sauochuyen mieng cao sang mat cao vo nguyen sinh B0-2, cung cao o cao 1,3 m cach mat at.DCao up co kiem soat khi v tr mieng tien nam trong khoang t1,3 m en 2,0 m cach mat at.DT o cao 2,0 m tr len c goi la o cao ngoai tam kiem soat Bang 8: So cay cao mu/phan theo nam cao va theo a hnh, mat oat doc400 - 500 250 - 300 350 - 400 250 - 350 200 - 300at dochoac mato tha350 - 450 200 -250 300 - 350 200 - 300 150 - 250a hnh,mat oNam cao1 - 1011 - 14 (*)15 - 17 18 - 20(a) (b)Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200437b. o doc mieng cao:oi vi mieng cao nga: Quy nh o doc mieng cao t 300- 340so vi truc ngang tuy nhom cay khai thac.- Cay nhom I : 340- Cay nhom II : 320- Cay nhom III : 300oi vi mieng cao up: Quy nh o doc mieng cao la 450. c. Thiet ke mieng cao:DDung cu e thiet ke mieng cao gom:Rap ch U.Thc cay 150 cm co anh dau v tr mieng tien, v tr cammang, v tr treo kieng. Day co 3 gut (100 cm) e chia than cay ra lam hai hoac bonphanbang nhau.Rap (c) co can e bao am o doc.Thc anh dau hao dam hang thang. Moc rach.Thc, rap cua 2 mieng cao nga va up c anh dau va thiet kekhac nhau.DCach thiet ke:Mieng cao nga:Dung rap ch U kiem tra va anh dau cay u tieu chuan cao.Miengtiencmongloatcungmotphatronglovahng ra gia hang e de quan sat, kiem tra va quan ly. at thc cay e rach ranh tien, anh dau v tr mieng tien,v tr cam mang hng mu va v tr treo kieng.Dung day co ba gut e chia than cay cao su lam hai phanbang nhau.Xac nh ranh hau bang mot ng rach doc theo than cay. at rap ngay ung v tr ranh tien e rach mieng cao chuanva cac ng rach chuan hao dam hang quy.Dung thc anh dau hao dam hang thang, vach dau chuan ranh tien va ranh hau.Khi mng tien dai 10 - 11 cm, sau en lp da cat mn (kieuau voi, uoi chuot), mng tien phai thang goc so vi mat at. Sau khi thie t kemie ng ca o xong th trang b va t t cho ca y ca o.Mieng cao up:Trong cung mot lo, mieng tien cung phai c thiet ke ongloat theo mot pha thong nhat.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam38 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004at thc cay va moc e rach ranh tien t v tr 1,3 m cachat thang len pha tren.Dung day co ba gut e chia than cay cao su lam hai phan (chomieng cao 1/2S) hoac bon phan (cho mieng cao 1/4S) bang nhau.Xac nh ranh hau bang mot ng rach doc theo than cay. at rap ngay ung v tr ranh tien e rach mieng cao chuanva cac ng rach chuan hao dam hang thang hoac hang quy giahai ranh tien va hau. Lu y o doc cua mieng cao up phai la 450ngaytkhimcao,khongchophepmodocthaphnroichuyen t t len o doc quy nh.Khi mng tien t mieng tien en v tr cam mang (dai 15cm),sauenlpdacatmn(kieuauvoi,uoichuot),mngtien phai thang goc so vi mat at. Sau khi thie t kemie ng ca o xong th trang b va t t cho ca y ca o. d. M them: DVao au mua cao va thang 10 hang nam m cao them nhngcay a u tieu chuan m mieng cao. Rieng khu vc Bac Trung bo,m cao them vao au mua cao va thang 8 hang nam. au nam thba m cao tat ca cac cay co be vong thantren 40 cm. e tranhhien tng oc ao, mieng cao cay m sau van m o cao 1,3 mcach mat at, nhng en nam cao th bay phai chuyen ong loatvn cay sang mat cao B-02.ieu 97: M mieng caoa. Mieng nga:Sau khi thiet ke, cao xa mieng 3 nhat dao:- Nhat 1: Cao chuan.- Nhat 2: Vat nem.- Nhat 3: Hoan chnh mieng cao, cao ep ma dao t t en o saucao quy nh, tranh cao pham khi m mieng cao.b. Mieng up:Saukhithietke,caoxamiengtheohngcaolen3nhatdaotng t nh cach cao nga thong thng, o sau cao phai dan dantang len cho en khi cach tng tang vao khoang 1,0 1,3 mm.Co the cao nga mot vai nhat ve pha di e lam mieng muchay lan.* Mc o hao vo cao luc m mieng cho phep toi a 2 cm oi vica hai mieng nga va up.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200439Hnh 11: Dung cu thiet ke mieng caoDung rap ch U kiem tra vaanh dau cay u tieu chuancao.atthccayeatranhtien,anhdauvtrmiengtien, mang hng mu va treokieng.Dungdayco3gutechiathan cay cao su lam hai phanbang nhau.Xac nh ranh hau bang motngrachdoctheothancay.Hnh 12 (a): Ky thuat thiet ke mieng cao ngaTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam40 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200441Rachmiengcaochuanvacacngrachchuanhaodam hang quy.Dung rap anh dau hao damhang thang, vach dau chuan ranh tien va ranh hau.Khimngtiendai10-11cm.Trang b vat t cho cay caoHnh 12 (b): Ky thuat thiet ke mieng cao ngaTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam42 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004a t th c ca y vamo c era chranhtie nt vtr1,3mca cha t tha ng le n pha tre n.Dungdaybagutechiatha nca ycaosula mhaiphanhoacbonphanbangnhau.Xac nh iem ranh hau chomieng cao 1/4S.Xac nh ranh hau.Hnh 13 (a): Ky thuat thiet ke mieng cao upTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200443a t ra p ngay u ng v tr ranh tie n era ch mie ng ca o chua n vaca c ng ra ch chua n hao da m ha ng tha ng hoa c ha ng quygi a 2 ranhtie n vaha u.Hnh 13 (b): Ky thuat thiet ke mieng cao upKhi mng tien.Hnh 14: M mieng cao ngaCao chuanVat nemCay m cao xongTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam44 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Lay nhat cao chuanCao xa mieng theo hng cao len banhat dao.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200445Ca ong amo tva inha tve phad iela m mie ng mucha y lan.Hnh 15: M mieng cao upTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam46 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Muc III: CAC YEU CAU KY THUAT TRONG VIEC KHAI THAC MUieu 98: Thi vu cao muDM mieng cao cac vn cay mi a vao khai thac c tienhanh vao cac thang 3 4 va thang 10. Rieng khu vc Bac Trungbo (t Tha Thien Hue tr ra) m mieng cao vao cac thang 4 5 va thang 8.Doi vi cao up, m mieng cao vao cac thang 3 4 (cao up canam),thang7(caoup7thang/nam)hoacthang9(caoup5thang/nam).DRung la sinh ly hang nam sm hay muon tuy theo dong vo tnh,nen at trong (o, xam), vung tieu kh hau. V vay, vn cay naorung la trc th cho ngh trc. Ngh cao luc la bat au nhu chanchim. Cao mu lai khi cay co tan la on nh. Vn cay nao tan laon nh trc th cho cao trc.ieu 99: o sau cao muDCao cach tng tang 1,0 - 1,3 mm oi vi ca hai mieng nga vaup. Tranhcaocan(caocachtngtangtren1,3mm),caosat(caocach tng tang di 1 mm), cao pham (cao cham go).ieu 100: Mc o hao dam, hao vo cao - anh dau hao damDoi vi mieng cao nga, hao dam 1,1 - 1,5 mm/lan cao. Hao vocao toi a 16 cm/nam oi vi nhp o cao d/3; 20 cm/nam oi vinhp o cao d/2.Doivimiengcaoupcokiemsoat,haodamkhongqua2mm/lan cao. Hao vo toi a 3 cm/thang.Doi vi mieng cao up ngoai tam kiem soat, hao dam khong qua3 mm/lan cao. Hao vo toi a 4,5 cm/thang.DHang nam, trc khi bat au cao lai, dung moc hoac dao anhdauhaovocao,dungrapvachtrenvocaocacvachchuanekhong che mc hao vo tng thang, quy ket hp khong che o docmieng cao.ieu 101: Tieu chuan ng caoDngcaophaiungodocquynh,colongmang,vuongtien, vuong hau, khong lech mieng, khong vt ranh, khong lnsong.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200447Hnh17:Soquyhoachmatcaophantheonhom(a)va(b)khicaoupcokiemsoatGhi chu: So trong ngoac n la nam cao lai tren vo tai sinh.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam48 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004ieu 102: Cong viec trc va sau khi cao mu tng cayDTrckhicaomu,phaibocmuday,muchen,salaikieng,mang, lau sach chen va up tren kieng. Cao xong, nga chen lenva dan mu chay vao chen roi mi qua cao cay khac. ac biet canlu y viec dan mu chay vao chen oi vi cao up co kiem soat. DHng i cao theo nhng cay ke can nhau. Sau moi phien caophai oi au phan cao.Doivicacgiongmauongmu,saukhicaoxong,nhovaochenmut3-5giotammoniacconongo3-5%.Dungdchammoniac do nha may s che cung cap.DCh trut mu sau khi co hieu lenh. Cay nao cao trc trut trc,dungvetetanthumutrongchen,atchenmulaivtrcuehng mu chay tre, tranh trut sot mu.DPhan cay co boi thuoc kch thch phai to chc trut mu chieu.ieu 103: Gi cao mu - trut mu - giao nhan mua. Gi cao mu:DTuy ieu kien thi tiet trong nam, bat au cao mu khi nhn thayro ng cao. Mua ma, ch vo cay kho rao mi bat au cao. Neuen 11 - 12 gi tra ma vo cay con t th cho ngh cao.b. Gi trut mu:DThi gian ch trut mu tuy thuoc vao thi tiet. Sau khi cao xongphan cay, cong nhan cao ch hieu lenh cua oi trng, to trngmi trut mu. Nhng ngay tri chuyen ma co the trut sm hn, mutrut xong c a ngay ve tram giao nhan mu. Tren dien tch sdung chat kch thch phai to chc trut mu chieu. c. Giao nhan mu:DKhi o mu nc t thung trut sang thung cha phai dung ray locmu vi kch thc lo 5 mm. Sau khi trut xong, cong nhan a muve tram giao cho to trng can o so lng mu nc, mu tap cuatng phan cay, ghi ay u so lieu vao phieu theo doi san lng,co ghi nhan ca phan chat lng mu. Sau o se tap trung e a venha may. Khi o mu nc t thung cha vao bon cua xe mu phaico li loc vi kch thc lo 3 mm. C moi 50 - 100 ha lap mottramgiaonhanmu,comaiche,gianemutapvabencetrang ra thung.ieu 104: Dung cu cao mu trang b cho cong nhanDCong nhan cao mieng nga c trang b 2 dao cao mu, 1 giong mu tap, 1 thung trut 10 lt hoac 15 lt, 1 - 4 thung cha 25 lthoac 35 lt, 1 ray loc mu, 1 vet mu, 1 nao vo, 1 on ganh, 2 mocTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200449Hnh 17: Mot so dung cu trang b cho cong nhan cao muthung, 1 lo ammoniac, 1 ong m vaselin, 2 vien a mai dao (anhamvaabun)vagielaubangvai(Hnh).Vaomuarungla,moi cong nhan c trang b them 1 choi quet la.Lu y: Gie lau chen khong c s dung loai vai co si PP (polypropylene) DCong nhan cao mieng up c trang b cac dung cu nh congnhan cao mieng nga, rieng dao cao phai dung dao chuyen dungcho cao up. Khong dung dao cao nga e cao up. DCacdungcucaomuphaithatsachse,daocaophaicochatlng tot, c mai ben thng xuyen, chat lng s dung tot. Dau phan cay cao phai co coc up thung.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam50 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Hnh 18: Phng phap boi chat kch thchMuc IV: KCH THCH MUieu 105: Loai chat kch thch va nong o s dungDLoai hoa chat kch thch mu c s dung co hoat chat la ethep-hon (acid 2-chloroethyl phosphonic)DNong o hoat chat s dung la 2,5% a.i cho cay nhom I va II; 5%a.i. cho cac vn cay nhom III va vn cay cao tan thu trc khithanh ly.ieu 106: Thi vu ap dung kch thch mu, thi iem boiDongNambovaTayNguyen,boichatkchthchvaocacthang 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 va 12. D Bac Trung bo, boi chat kch thch vao cac thang5, 6, 7, 8, 9va 10. DBoi chat kch thch trc nhat cao ke tiep 24 gi 48 gi.DKhong boi khi cay con t hoac luc tri sap ma.DTuyet oi khong c boi trong mua kho, mua rung la.ieu 107: Phng phap boi chat kch thch mu:DBoi tren vo tai sinh (Pa: Panel application):Sau khi khuay eu chat kch thch, dung co nho boi mot bang rong1 cm, mong eu tren vo tai sinh tiep giap vi mieng cao. DPhngphapboitrenmiengcaokhongboclpmuday(La:Lace application):Sau khi khuay eu chat kch thch, dung co nho boi mot lp mongeungaytrenmiengcao.Phngphapnayapdungchomiengcao up.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200451ieu 108: Dung cu boi chat kch thchD1 co boi so 8 co be rong 0,8 cm.D1 hop ng chat kch thch co ghi ro nong o.ieu 109: Lieu lng s dung, nhp o boi chat kch thchDCaycotuoicaot15,boit0,51gam/cay/lantheophng phap Pa.DCay co tuoi cao t 6 10, boi t 0,75 1,5 gam/cay/lan theophng phap Pa.DCay co tuoi cao tren 10, boi t 1 2 gam/cay/lan theo phngphap Pa; t 0,75 2 gam/cay/lan theo phng phap La.DKhoang cach gia 2 lan boi t nhat la 3 tuan.ieu 110:Tieu chuan cay c s dung chat kch thchDBoi chat kch thch cho nhng cay sinh trng bnh thng, kythuat cao tot.DKhong boi chat kch thch cho nhng cay b benh nam hong gaycut ot, cay b benh loet soc mieng cao nang, cay a rung het lado benh rung la mua ma, cay co dau hieu kho mieng cao hoacnhng cay qua nho.ieu 111: Tieu chuan vn cay s dung chat kch thch muDNeu ham lng cao su kho (DRC) cua vn cay di 25% thkhong s dung chat kch thch.DNeutylecaykhomiengcaotoanphancaohnlankiemketrc o theo mc quy nh sau th khong nen boi chat kch thch:Nam cao 1 10: > 3 %Nam cao 10 20: > 10 %ieu 112: An toan lao ong khi s dung chat kch thchDTranh e chat kch thch dnh tren da, mat. Trong trng hp bdnh chat kch thch vao da phai ra ngay bang xa phong va ncam. Neu b dnh chat kch thch vao mat phai ra mat ngay nhieulan bang nc sach.DSau khi s dung phai huy bo bao b ng chat kch thch, khongs dung lai.DKhiboichatkchthchchomiengcaocao,phaimangknhphong ho e tranh thuoc ri vao mat.ieu 113: Bao quan chat kch thch khi cha s dungDChatkchthchphailuoncgitrongmat,tranhanhnangtrc tiep. Tuan thu theo han s dung ghi tren bao b.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam52 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Muc V: MANG CHAN NC MA CHO CAY CAO SUieu 114: Thi vu gan mang chan nc maDMa ng cha n n c ma pha i c ga n tre n ca y va o a u mu a ma.ieu 115: Vat lieu, kch thc mang chan nc maDMang chan nc ma co the c lam bang giay dau hoac tamPE (polyethylene) co o day 0,3 0,02 mm, am bao chat lnge s dung c hai nam.DMangcohnhdangcongnhhnhliliemberonggiamang khoang 4,3 - 4,5 cm. o dai va o cong cua mang s dungtuy theo be vong than va chieu dai mieng cao. Mang phai dai hnmieng cao khoang 20 cm (10 cm vt tien va 10 cm vt hau).ieu 116: Ky thuat gan manga. V tr gan mang:DMang phai c gan pha tren mieng cao vi o doc t 300en340so vi truc ngang.Doi vi mieng cao nga, khi mi bat au m cao cung nh cacnam cao tiep theo tren cung mat cao, gan mang tren vo nguyensinhcachvtrmmiengcaoautienkhoang2-3cm.Khichuyen sang mat cao mi v tr gan mang cung tng t.Doi vi mieng cao up, mang c gan pha tren mc hao vo caod kien trong hai nam 5 cm.b. Co nh mangDTrckhiconhmang,dungnaovonaonheloaibolpvoban tren than cay ngay tai cho se gan mang. Lu y tranh nao saulam h hai tang sinh b.DDung kim bam so 10 e co nh mang tren cay cao su, khoangcach gia hai kim t nhat la 5 cm. Khong c bam qua nhieu kimlam h vo cay.c. Boi keo:DKeo phai co o ben sanh deo, chong tham tot, khong anh hngen vo cay cao su.DThng xuyen kiem tra lai va boi keo bo sung khi mang b ro r.DTaohaingkeothangngphangoaivasongsongviranhtienvaranhhauenganncmachaylanvaomatcao.ngkeoboicachranhtien/haukhoang5cm.Phaiboikeongay sat mep di mang va keo dai qua khoi mieng cao khoang15 cm.Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200453Chng III: CHAM SOC VN CAY KINH DOANHMuc I: LAM CO VN CAO SU KINH DOANHieu 117: Lam co hang va lam co gia hanga. Lam co hang: DLam sach co cach cay cao su moi ben 1 m bang thu cong hoacbang hoa chat diet co, tranh gay thng ton cho than, khong keoat ra khoi hang. oi vi at doc ch lam co bon cach goc 1 m vaphan con lai tren hang phat co nh lam co gia hang.b. Lam co gia hang:DPhat co thng xuyen gia hang cao su, gi lai tham co day t10 - 15 cm e chong xoi mon.DKhong c cay gia hang cao su.Muc II: BON PHAN CHO VN CAO SU KINH DOANHieu 118: Bon phan vo cLie u l ng pha n ho a ho c bo n thu c cho cao su khai tha c theo ba ng 9.Bang 9: Lieu lng phan hoa hoc bon thuc cho cao su khai thacGhi chu: * Phan lan nung chay.Nam caoHangatam Lan KaliN(kg/ha)Ure(kg/ha)P2O5(kg/ha)Lan *(kg/ha)K2O(kg/ha)KCI(kg/ha)1 -10Ia va IbIIa va IIbIII70809015217419660687540045050070809011713315011 - 20 Chung 100 217 75 500 100 167Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam54 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004ieu 119: Bon phan hu cDoi vi cao su khai thac nhom I, phan lan nung chay va phanlan hu c vi sinh uc dung luan phien cach nhau mot nam vikhoilngnhnhau;Phanlanhucvisinhphaicouhamlng theo quy nh cua ca 3 chung loai vi sinh (vi sinh vat phangiai xenlulo, vi sinh vat phan giai lan va vi sinh vat co nh am),vi ham lng P2O5de tieu>_ 3%. Doi vi cao su khai thac nhom II, phan lan hu c vi sinh cs dung e bon hang nam.ieu 120: Yeu cau ve phan bon - Thi vu va cach bon phana. Yeu cau:DBon phan da tren ket qua chan oan dinh dng.DLng phan tren bang 9 la lng phan bnh quan tam thi, eapdungkhichacoketquachanoandinhdngcuthechotng vung.b. Thi vu bon:DChia lng phan ra bon lam 2 lan/nam, lan au bon hai phan baso lng phan N, K va toan bo phan lan vao thang 4, 5 (au muama) khi u am, lan hai bon so lng phan con lai vao thang 10.Hnh 19: V tr bon phan cho cao su khai thacVien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200455c. Cach bon:DTronky,chia,raieulngphantheoquynhthanhbangrong 1 1,5 m gia luong cao su.Doiviatcoodoctren15%thbonvaohethonghogimau va lap vui kn phan bang la, co muc hoac at.Muc III: CONG TAC BAO VE VN CAY CAO SU KINH DOANHieu 121: Phong chong chay cho cay cao suDLamsachcovncaytthang11-12.Thugommuatvacac chat ben la ra khoi vn cay. Lam cac ng ngan la cachkhoang 100 - 200 m.DMuacaosurungla,tochcquetla,gomlavaogiahang.Khong c gom hot la ra ngoai lo. Tuyet oi khong c ot latrong lo cao su.ieu 122: To chc phong chong chay, cham soc cay b chayDVaomuakho,congtyphaicobienphapphongchongchay,baovevncay.atbienbaocamlatrennglienlo,nithng xuyen co ngi qua lai.DTo chc oi cha chay co trang b ay u dung cu va phngtien cha chay. Phan cong cong nhan tuc trc e lam nhiem vu.DTrng hp vn cay b chay, dung dung dch voi 5% quet lenlp vo cay b anh hng.ieu 123: Chong xoi mon - Tu sa ng van chuyenDHang nam cung co hoac lam bo sung cac b chong xoi mon ni b xoi mon manh.DCac ng lo, ng truc c thng xuyen tu sa e am baotot viec van chuyen mu.ieu 124: Bao ve vn cay, chong mat cap muDCam cac an gia suc (trau, bo) tha rong trong vn cao su hoace chung i ngang qua vn cay cao su.DCa m ttie n cha t pha , o n ta ca y cao su trong v n ca y khai tha c.DNghiem cam moi hanh vi lay cap mu va mua ban mu trai phep.ieu 125: X ly vn cay gay o do gio baoDKhan trng thu don canh nhanh gay o e co the tiep tuc vieckhai thac mu.DTien hanh kiem tra vn cay b gay o e phan loai tnh trangthiet hai va co bien phap x ly.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam56 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004DCac cay ca thanh ly phai c anh dau sn di goc e khica cat khoi nham lan vi cay khac. Sau khi ca cat, anh dau laitren mat cat e tien viec kiem tra, quan ly.Chng IV: QUAN LY VN CAO SU KINH DOANHMuc I: PHAN CAP QUAN LYieu 126: Trach nhiem Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamDBan hanh quy trnh ky thuat khai thac mu cao su.DBan hanh quy che kiem tra ky thuat khai thac.DKiem tra viec thc hien quy trnh ky thuat cua cac cong ty.DTo chc tap huan ky thuat cho cac can bo cua cac cong ty.DKiem tra vn cay khai thac vao cuoi nam e anh gia ky thuatcao mu va co bien phap x ly, thng phat ung mc.ieu 127: Trach nhiem Giam oc Cong tyDChu trach nhiem trc Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam ve viecthc hien quy trnh ky thuat khai thac. Ch ao viec thc hien quyDBao cao tnh hnh gay o ve Ban Quan ly Ky thuat, Tong Congty Cao su Viet Nam.DX ly vn cay gay o do gio bao nh sau:Tnh trang cay gay o Bien phap x ly1- Cay b gay, tet than (trong phamvi t goc en chang ba).- Cay b troc goc.- Cay b nghieng veo > 450so vitruc thang ng.Ca thanh ly2- Cay b gay canh cap 1, cap 2.Ca vat 300phan canh b gay, x lyvet ca bang cach boi vaselin, ecay phuc hoi va cao lai.3- Cay b nghieng < 250Ca ta bt tan e cay phuc hoi. oivi vn cay kien thiet c ban cothe dung day keo cho cay thangng.Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200457trnh ky thuat, pho bien sau rong quy trnh ky thuat en cac captrong cong ty.DThng xuyen kiem tra viec chap hanh quy trnh ky thuat va cobien phap uon nan kp thi cac sai pham ky thuat. DChu trach nhiem trc Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam ve viecthc hien quy trnh ky thuat. Phai bao am nang suat a thiet ke,bao am chu ky khai thac.Dt nhat 3 thang/lan, to chc kiem tra ky thuat cao tai cac nongtrng.DCokehoachaotaocongnhancaomu,xaydngtotphongtrao luyen tay nghe, thi th gioi cao mu e nang cao trnh o taynghe cho cong nhan.ieu 128: Trach nhiem Giam oc Nong trngDChutrachnhiemtrccongtyveviecquanlythchienkehoachkhaithacvatnhtrangkythuatvncaycaosukinhdoanh.DChaothchientotquytrnhkythuatkhaithac,chamsocvn cay kinh doanh, to chc kiem tra on oc thng xuyen, era cac bien phap thng phat ung mc.DTo chc viec kiem tra ky thuat cao mu hang thang.DChu trach nhiem trc cap tren ve viec thc hien quy trnh kythuat khai thac cua tng to tren tng phan cay.ieu 129: Trach nhiem oi trng, to trngDoi trng, to trng khong trc tiep nhan phan cay.DQuan ly viec thc hien ke hoach san lng mu cua oi, to vachu trach nhiem ve tnh trang ky thuat va chat lng san phamdo oi, to quan ly.DQuan ly lao ong cao mu, ky thuat trong pham vi oi, to.DHang ngay kiem tra so cong nhan cao mu co mat trong oi, tova bo tr cong nhan cao thay the.DKiem tra va quan ly so vat t trang b cho khai thac mu e coke hoach xin bo sung khi can.DHangngaykiemtrakythuatcacphancaycaotrongoi,to;uon nan cac sai pham ky thuat kp thi.DQuan ly chac chan so cay cao cac phan cay cao, kiem tra vaphat hien cay bo cao, cac cay b benh hai e nhac nh cong nhancao het cay va bao cho can bo ky thuat e co bien phap phong trbenh hieu qua, kp thi.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam58 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004DQuan ly san lng, chat lng mu hang ngay (ong, o mu chocong nhan, nhac nh cong nhan tan thu mu).DQuan ly cong chieu cua oi, to; kiem tra on oc cong tac chamsoc, trut mu chieu.ieu 130: Trach nhiem cong nhan cao muDCong nhan cao mu co trach nhiem cham soc, quan ly va khaithacphancaycuamnhtheoungquytrnhkythuat.Khiphathien cay b benh, cay gay, cay kho mieng cao, phai bao cao ngayvi to trng e co bien phap x ly.DKhong c t y bo cay cao, trut sot mu. Neu om au hoac covieccanphaingh,phaibaotrcchototrngebotrngicao the. DThng xuyen lam ve sinh cho cay cao, ve sinh dung cu, salai mieng cao, boi m vaselin cho cac vet cao pham. Bo sung vattconthieu,boiphongbenhmatcaovaomuama.oivinhngcaycaoupcokiemsoatphaibocsachmuchaylantrenmat cao nham han che mu chay lan nhng lan cao ke tiep. DTrc mua ngh cao can lam ve sinh phan cay, tan thu het mutap, mu at, gom kieng, mang, chen lam ve sinh sach se, e niantoan,quetdon,gomla,lamngnganlachongchaychovn cay.DTrc khi cao lai, phai kiem tra cay cao, sa sang mieng caova trang b ay u cho phan cay cao.ieu 131: Trnh o tay ngheDCong nhan cao mu phai qua mot khoa tap huan ly thuyet c banva thc hanh cao mu t ba tuan tr len va phai c kiem tra ketquahoctapcuoikhoa.Chcocongnhantotnghiepkhoahuanluyen cao mu loai kha tr len mi c bo tr cao.DRiengcaoupcokiemsoat,congnhanphaicaotaolythuyet va thc hanh ky thuat cao up t nhat la mot tuan.ieu 132: Cong nhan cao thayDMoi oi khai thac bo tr mot nhom cong nhan d phong a qualp huan luyen cao mu, co tay nghe kha, ty le d phong khoang5% so cong nhan cao mu.ieu 133: Che o bao caoDCac cap co nhiem vu bao cao vi cap tren tnh hnh san xuat vaviec thc hien quy trnh ky thuat theo nh ky hang thang, hangqu va hang nam, co phan tch, anh gia viec thc hien so vi yeucau.Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200459ieu 134: Che o thng phatDCo che o khen thng, khuyen khch bang vat chat thoa angoi vi cac ca nhan, tap the co thanh tch xuat sac trong viec thchien quy trnh ky thuat, co sang kien cai tien ky thuat hieu qua,hoan thanh vt mc ke hoach san lng, am bao tot chat lngvn cay.DAp dung cac hnh thc ky luat, phat nghiem tuc cac trng hpca nhan, tap the thc hien khong tot quy trnh ky thuat, co tnh vipham cac ieu khoan quy nh, lam h hai vn cay, gay hau quaxau cho tai san xa hoi chu ngha.Muc II: CHE O KIEM TRA KY THUATieu 135: Che o kiem tra ky thuata. Lch kiem tra nh ky (ngoai cac lan kiem tra thng xuyen):DCap To kiem tra hang ngay.DCap oi kiem tra 2 lan/thang.DCap Nong trng kiem tra hang thang.DCap Cong ty kiem tra t nhat 3 thang/lan.DCap Tong Cong Ty kiem tra 1 nam/lan.b. Cach kiem tra xep hang ky thuat:DMoi phan cay kiem tra 5 cay bat ky.DSau moi lan kiem tra co ghi chep so loi ky thuat, so iem tr,xep hang ky thuat. Lay ket qua kiem tra hang thang cua cap Nongtrnglamcschoviectralngnhmcganlienvikythuat.ieu 136: Quy c anh dau vi pham ky thuatDanhdauloiviphamkythuatbangviet,phanmautrencaykiem tra:- Cap To, oi: Mau vang.- Cap Nong trng: Mau trang.- Cap Cong ty: Mau o.Cac ky hieu loi vi pham:Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam60 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004ieu 137: Quan ly vn cayDGhi ten lo, dong vo tnh, dien tch (ha), nam trong, nam m caobang sn trang tren nen xanh dng len bon cay cao su bon goclo, v tr ghi cach mat at 2 m.DRanh gii cac phan cay c ghi bang sn v tr tren than caycao su au hang cach mat at 1,6 m. Ghi so th t phan cay va kyhieu gii han +, + cho moi phan cay.DCac cay ngh cao do benh, dung sn anh dau N tren cay ocao 1,4mcach mat at, ong thi rut mang, thu kieng chen. DPhai lap s o mat bang cac lo khai thac. Ghi ly lch ro rang,dien tch, nam trong, giong, mat o trong, nam a vao khai thac,so cay hien co, so cay gay o, xac nh v tr cac cay nay tren so mat bang ro rang theo hang va v tr cay tren hang.DHang nam phai theo doi san lng mu, ghi chep nang suat mucuatnglo,neucobienongvedientchhoacsocayphaibosung vao ly lch lo.DCuoi nam tien hanh kiem ke va anh gia nang lc vn cay.SatIIMieng cao lechPham nhe Khong vuong gocPham nang Ve sinh kemCan nhe Cay bo caoCan nang Tan thu kemDay dam nhe Trang b, cham soccay cao kemDay dam nangMieng cao gn song Vi pham cng ocaoVVVAXWVien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200461S o quan ly quy hoach va thiet ke mieng cao, mat cao hang namLo: To, oi: NT: Cong ty:DVT: Nam trong: Nam cao: TMTC Khoang cach (mat o):Muc III: QUAN LY HO S TAI LIEU KY THUATieu 138: Quan ly ho s tai lieu ky thuatDCapTocosotheodoighichepsanlngmuhangngaychotng phan cay va so kiem tra ky thuat cho tng ca nhan trong to.DCap oi co s o, ly lch lo, theo doi san lng tng lo, tng to,co so theo doi kiem tra ky thuat, co phan hang, xep loai tay nghecong nhan hang thang.DCap Nong trng, Cong ty tong hp e nam chac tnh hnh dientch,nangsuat,sanlngcacvncay,tnhhnhlaoongcaomu,xephangtaynghecongnhancaomusaukhikiemtravaanh gia cac ket qua cua cap oi, to, co che o thng, phat kythuat.DCap Nong trng, Cong ty phai lap s o quan ly quy hoach vathiet ke mieng cao, mat cao hang nam (Hnh 20).Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam62 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004kg/ha kg/c kg/ha kg/cBI-2 B0-2 BI-1 B0-1kg/ha kg/ckg/hakg/c Tai sinh Nguyen sinhH0-4 H0-3 H0-2 H0-1Tai sinh Nguyen sinhHnh 20: Mau s o quan ly quy hoach va thiet ke mieng cao, mat caohang namTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200463Phan III: QUY TRNH KY THUAT BAO VE THC VATTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam64 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004ieu 139: ieu khoan chungDKhi tren vn cay cao su co sau, benh la cha ghi ieu 140di ay, phai lay mau bo phan cay b hai a ve Tong Cong tyCao su Viet Nam hoac Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam e xacnh tac nhan gay hai va co bien phap x ly ung va kp thi.DCac thuoc hng dan e x ly sau, benh va co trong quy trnhnay a thc hien co hieu qua tren cay cao su. oi vi cac thuocmi cha neu trong quy trnh th ch c s dung khi Tong Congty Cao su Viet Nam cho phep tren c s ket qua th nghiem cuaVien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam hoac n v c Tong Congty Cao su Viet Nam uy nhiem.DKhongcthayoinongovalieulngthuoc/haaghitrong quy trnh.DThuoc sau khi pha che ch s dung trong ngay.Chng I: SAU BENH CHNH TREN CAY CAO SUVA BIEN PHAP X LYMuc I: CAC SAU BENH CHNH TREN CAY CAO SUieu 140: Sau benh chnh tren cay cao suBang 10 trnh bay cac loai sau benh chnh tren cac bo phan cuacay cao su e tien tra cu.Muc II: BENH LAieu 141: Benh phan trang laDDo nam: Oidium heveae Steinm.DPhan bo: Khap cac vung trong cao su Viet Nam.DTac hai: Benh gay rung la non va hoa cao su tren moi la tuoi,pho bien khi vn cay vao mua thay la. DTrieuchng:Trenlabbenhconammautranghaimatla(Hnh23).Cacdongvotnhbnhiembenhnang:VM515,PB235, PB 255, RRIV 4, GT 1... Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200465Hnh 21: Trieu chng benh phan trangDX ly:oi vi vn nhan, vn ng va vn cay KTCB, s dungmottronghailoaithuoc:botluhuynhthamnc(Kumulus,Sulox)nongo0,3%hoachexaconazole(Anvil5SC,Callihex50SC) nong o 0,15%. Phun len tan la khi co 10% la non nhu chanchim tren vn va ngng khi 80% la a gia. Thc hien phun thuoc3 lan, moi lan cach nhau 5 - 7 ngay vao buoi sang t gio.oi vi vn cay khai thac, ap dung bien phap x ly giantiep nh tang cng phan bon vao cuoi mua ma.Tong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam66 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004TacnhanBophanb haiTac hai trenCay cao su vnnhan va vn ngCay cao su vn KTCB vavn khai thacBenh La1. Benh phan trang la2. Heo en au la3. Rung la mua ma4. Benh Corynespora5. om mat chim6. La chay nang1. Benh phan trang la2. Heo en au la3. Rung la mua ma va thoi trai4. Benh CorynesporaCanh 5. Nam hong6. Kho ngon kho canh7. Benh nt vo BotryodiploidiaThan 7. Cay con b chaynang8. Than b chay nang9. Set anh10. Loet soc mat cao11. Kho mieng caoRe 12. Re nauSau La 8. Cau cau9. Nhen o, nhenvang10. Rep sap13. Cau cau14. Sau rom15. Nhen o, nhen vang16. Rep sapVo cay 17. Sau an voGoc reva re11. Moi12. Sung18. MoiBang 10: Bang tra tm sau benh chnh tren cay cao suTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200467ieu 142: Benh heo en au laDDo nam: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc.DPhan bo: Khap cac vung trong cao su; Tap trung vao mua ma.DTac hai: Benh gay hai cho la non va choi non co the dan enchet choi va chet ngon.DTrieuchng:Benhgayrunglanondihaituantuoi,lagiakhong rung th meo mo, mat la go ghe (Hnh 22). Benh gay khongon,khocanhtngphanhoacchetcacay.Cacdongvotnhnhiem benh nang: RRIM 600, GT 1, PB 260...DX ly :S du ngmo ttrongca cloa ithuo csau:carbendazim(Vicarben50SC,Carbenzim500FL)no ngo 0,2%.Hexaconazole(Anvil 5SC, Callihex 50SC) no ng o0,15%. Ch phun tre n ta n lanon,chu kyphun 7 - 10 nga y/la n.Hnh 22: Trieu chng benh heo en au laTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam68 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004ieu 143: Benh rung la mua ma va thoi traiDDona m:PhytophthorabotryosaCheeva Phytophthorapalmivora (Bult.) Bult.DPhanbo:Benhxayratrongmuama,mcogayhaikhacnhau tuy tng vung va dong vo tnh.DTac hai: Benh gay rung la gia va thoi trai.DTrieuchng:ienhnhcuabenhlatrencuonglabrungcomot hoac nhieu cuc mu trang (Hnh 23). Trai cao su nhiem benhth b thoi, khong rung. Nam cung gay chet tc ghep mi trongvachetcayconvnnhan,vnng.Benhcunglayxuongmat cao, do o khi vn cay b benh rung 50% tan la th phai giamnhp o cao hoac cho ngh cao trong mua rung la nang.Cac dong vo tnh nhiem benh nang: RRIM 600, GT1, PR 261...DX ly: Trng hp vn cao su non b benh th s dung RidomilMZ - 72 nong o 0,1 - 0,2% e tr. Neu choi non nhiem benh phaicat bo phan b thoi va boi thuoc Ridomil MZ - 72 nong o 2% sauoboivaselin.Trenvncaykhaithac,khibenhrunglamuama xuat hien th boi thuoc Ridomil MZ - 72 nong o 2% phongtr benh loet soc mat cao.Hnh 23: Trieu chng benh rung la mua maTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200469ieu 144: Benh CorynesporaDDo nam: Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei.DPhanbo:Benhxuathienquanhnamvamoigiaioansinhtrng cua cay cao su, gay hai cho cac dong vo tnh cao su mancam.DTrieuchng:Xuathientrenla,cuonglavachoivinhngtrieu chng khac nhau:Trenla:Trieuchngactrngvivetbenhmauencohnh dang xng ca chay doc theo gan la. Vet lan rong gay chettng phan la, sau o toan bo la oi mau vang cam va rung tng lachet mot.Trenchoivacuongla:Vetntdoctheochoivacuongladang hnh thoi, co mu r ra sau o hoa en, vet benh co the phattriendaien20cmgaychetchoi,chetcacay.Trengocosocen, chay doc theo vet benh. Tren cuong la co vet nt mau enchieu dai 0,5 - 3,0 mm.DPhong tr:Khong trong cac dong vo tnh man cam: RRIC 103, RRIC104, KRS 21, RRIM 725, FX 25, IAN 873, PPN 2058, PPN 2444va PPN 2447.Hnh 24: Trieu chng benh Corynespora tren laTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam70 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Thuo ctr na m:Du ngmo ttrongca cloa ithuo csau:Hexaconazole(Anvil5SC,Callihex50SC)no ngo 0,15%,Propineb50WPnongo0,5%.Canchuyphun mat di la vi chu ky 10 - 14ngay/lan. ieu 145: Benh om mat chimDDona m:Drechsleraheveae(Petch) M.B. Ellis.DPhanbo:Benhthngphatsinhtren cay trong hat va tren cay con khithi tiet ma nang bat thng. Benhcungxayravungattrung,atxau.DTrieuchng:Vetbenhactrngnhmatchim,kchthc1-3mmvimautrangtrungtamvavienmau nau ro ret ben ngoai. Tren la non gay bien dang va rung tngla chet mot, trong khi tren la gia vet benh ton tai trong suot giaioan sinh trng cua la. Hnh 25: Trieu chng benh Corynespora tren cuong laHnh26:Trie uch ngbe nhCorynespora tren choiTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200471DXly:Thuocgocmancozeb(DithaneM-45)nongo0,3%,ch phun tren tang la non vi chu ky 7 - 10 ngay/lan.Muc III: BENH THAN CANHieu 146: Benh kho ngon kho canhDCo 2 nguyen nhan: -Dohauquacuacacbenhphantrang,heoenaula,runglamua ma, dan en kho ngon, kho canh.- Do gio bao, ret, nang han, set anh, thieu phan bon, ung nc.Benh co the lam chet cay con va cay KTCB.DX ly: Tuy theo nguyen nhan gay benh ma co bien phap x lythch hp nh bon phan, chong ret, chong han. Phong tr cac benhla kp thi. Khi cay, canh b benh th phai ca di phan b chet20 - 25 cm sau o boi mot lp mong vaselin.ieu 147: Benh nam hongDDo nam: Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Br.DPhan bo: Benh nang vung ong Nam bo; Benh thng xay ratrong mua ma.DTachai:Benhxayraphobientrencay4-8tuoi,vetbenhthngxuathientrenthanvacanh co vo a hoa nau.DTrieu chng: Ban au vet benhcomuchayvacotnamhnhmangnhenmautrang,lucbenhna ngna mchuye nsangma uho ng.Khica nhche t,la khokhongrung,phadivetbenhmoc ra nhieu choi.DXly:Phathienbenhsmexlykpthi.Dungmottrongnh ngloa ithuo csau:vali-damycine(Validacin5L,Vanicide5SL)nongo1,2%,hexaconazole(Anvil5SC,Callihex50SC)nongo0,5%.Cac loai thuoc tren can phoi hpvichatbamdnhnongo1%,phunbangbnhphuneovaicoHnh27:TrieuchngbenhnamhongtrencaycaosuTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam72 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004voi noi dai vi chu ky 10 - 14 ngay/lan. Sau khi phun, phai kiemtra,anhdaucaybenhexlylaineubenhchakhoi.Ngngcao nhng cay b chet tan va cay b benh nang. Vao mua kho, tienhanh ca cat cay, canh b chet va a ra ba lo e ot.ieu 148: Benh nt vo BotryodiploidiaDDo nam: Botryodiploidia theobromae Pat.DPhan bo: Benh xuat hien tren cay cao su vung ong Nam bo,gay hai vo hoa nau cua cao su tren ba nam tuoi.DTrieu chng: Tren vo hoa nau co nhieu mun nho kch thc 1 -2 mm, sau o cac mun nay lan ra toan bo than canh. Cuoi cung cathancanhbntvacomaunau,murratnhngvetnt.Lpbieu b day len do nhieu lp vo ban tao thanh. Tren than cay benhoikhixuathienchoi,nhngcaybnhiembenhnanghaunhsinh trng b chng lai va co trng hp chet ca cay.Hnh 28: Trieu chng benh nt vonheHnh 29: Trieu chng benh nt vonangTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200473DPhongtr:Thuoctrnamgoccarbendazim(Vicarben50HP,Carbenzim 500FL) nong o 0,5%. Dung bnh eo vai co voi daiphun t toan bo than cay 2 - 3 lan vi chu ky 2 tuan/lan.Muc IV: BENH MAT CAOieu 149: Benh loet soc mat caoDDo nam: Phytophthora palmivora va Phytophthora botryosa.DPhan bo: Benh xay ra pho bien vung ma va o am cao, nhieto thap.DTac hai: Xuat hien tren vet thng mi va ng cao mi cuacay cao su khai thac trong mua ma.DTrieuchng:Banaulanhngsocennho,thangngtrenmat cao, cac vet benh se lien ket thanh soc ln, vo thoi nhun, muva nc vang r ra co mui hoi thoi. Ben di vo benh co em mu.Benh nang co the pha huy mot phan hoac ca mat cao. Cac dongvo tnh cao su nhiem benh nang: RRIM 600, PB 310, PB 255, PR255...DX ly: - Phong: Khong cao mu khi cay con t. Vn cay phai sach co,thong thoang; Thng xuyen lam ve sinh mat cao.-Tr:Sdungthuocmetalaxyl+mancozeb(RidomilMZ-72,Mexyl MZ - 72) pha nong o 2% trong nc hoac co them chatbam dnh, quet bang rong 1 - 1,5 cm tren mieng cao sau khi thumu.Hnh 30: Trieu chng benh loet soc mat caoTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu Cao su Viet Nam74 Quy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 2004Luy:Chapdungbienphapphongtrbangthuockhicotrieuchng benh xuat hien. Cac cay b benh nang phai cho ngh cao echa tr dt iem roi mi cho cao lai. Tuyet oi khong tron themat vao thuoc e lam mau anh dau.ieu 150: Benh kho mieng caoDBenh xuat hien tren vn cay khai thac, cha ro nguyen nhan,hienvancxemlamotbenhsinhly.Hiennaychacobienphap x ly triet e.DTrieu chng: Cay cao ang cho mu bnh thng, xuat hien cacoan kho mu ngan tren mieng cao. Vet kho lan nhanh va sau ocay b kho mu hoan toan. Co the phan cay kho mu thanh hai loai:- Kho mu toan phan: Mieng cao b kho hoan toan, mat cao b khova xuat hien cac vet nt tren vo cao.- Kho mu tng phan: Mieng cao b kho tng oan ngan. Neu chocay ngh cao mot thi gian th cay co the phuc hoi va cho mu bnhthng.DX ly: - Phong: Cao ung che o cao quy nh. Cham soc, bon phan ayu cho vn cay, nhat la vn co boi chat kch thch mu. Khi vncay nhom I, II co ty le so cay kho mieng cao tren 6% phai ieuchnh giam che o cao, khi tren 10% so cay kho mieng cao phaibao lanh ao cac cap e co bien phap x ly nh ngh cao, chamsoc, bon phan hoac giam cng o cao.- Tr: Khi thay cay cao khong co mu la dau hieu b benh, phai nghcao.Dungotchchthmuphadimiengcao,ccach5cmchch mot lo theo bang doc xuong pha di e xac nh gii hanvungbkho.Tchoocaosongsongvingcaocumotng sau ti go e cach ly, chong lan rong xuong phan vo phadi. Cho ngh cao 1 - 2 thang sau o kiem tra tnh trang benh neukhoi th cao lai vi cng o nhe hn.Muc V: BENH REieu 151: Benh re nauDDo nam: Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. H. Cunn.DPhan bo: Cay cao su trong tren nhng vung trc ay la rngco nhieu cay than go hay vn cay tai canh. Neu khai hoang, lamTong Cong ty Cao su Viet Nam Vien Nghien cu cao su Viet NamQuy trnh ky thuat cay cao su - 200475at khong ky th co nguy c de nhiem benh do nguon nam a cosan lay qua cay cao su.DTac hai: Gay chet cay.DTrieuchng:Bieuhiencuabenhxuathientrentanlavare,can quan sat