safety need reflected in the valley of …
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SAFETY NEED REFLECTED IN THE VALLEY OF
SHADOWSNOVEL BY DOROTHY DANIELS
THESIS
Submitted to the Board ExaminersinPartial Fulfillment
of The Requirment for Literature Degree
at English Literature Department
by
FITRI NURCHOLIS
NIM: AI.140231
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTYTHE STATE
ISLAMICUNIVERSITY SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2018
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MOTTO
لحت يهديهم ربهم بايمانهم تجري من ان الذين امنوا وعملوا الص
تحتهم النهر في جنت النعيم
دعوىهم فيها سبحنك اللهم وتحيتهم فيها سلم واخر دعوىهم ان الحمد
العلمين رب لل
Artinya:
9. Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan amal-amal saleh,
mereka diberi petunjuk oleh Tuhan mereka karena keimanannya, di bawah
mereka mengalir sungai- sungai di dalam syurga yang penuh kenikmatan."
10. Do'a mereka di dalamnya ialah, Subhanakallahumma, dan salam
penghormatan mereka ialah, Salam. Dan penutup doa mereka ialah,
Alhamdulilaahi Rabbil 'aalamin1(yunus ayat 9-10)
1 Al-‘aliyy. Alquran dan terjemahan.yunus ayat 9-10. Cv penerbit:diponegoro. P. 166
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DEDICATION
Alhamdulillahirabbil‘alamin...
Firstly I want to say thank you for Allah subhanahuwata’ala who has
given me favour and blessing to finish this thesis. Also sholawat and salam I will
send to my Prophet Muhammad shallallahu‘alaihi wa sallam who has brought us
for the darkness to the lightness.
I dedicate this thesis to my lovely family especially to my beloved parent.
For my father (Khoirul) and my mother (Supriyati), I cannot say one by one the
thing which you have done for me during I arranged this thesis. You always be
there for me. For my brothers are Dodi Kusuma and Muhammad Azza Alfajri and
for my sister Tri Fra Tiwi.
Then to, Mr. Samsul Huda, M.Ag as my first supervisor, Miss. Ulfatmi
Azlan, SS, MA as my second supervisor before she go to next study abroad and
Mr. Firdiansyah, MA as my change second supervisor, for their patients as long
as guided me to finish my thesis
And do not forget to all my lectures who always guide and advise me
during my study in english literature department and also all of my friends in the
english literature department that always inspire and share many things for
approximately 4 years together through the period of education.
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to say Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all the prise to Allah
subhanahu wata’ala the lord of all creatures, because of His Blessing from the
starting point of my study until now at the end of my study. And let me flow
easily in accomplishing the thesis entitled Safety Need Reflected in the Valley of
ShadowsNovel by Dorothy Daniels a as a partial fulfillment of the requirement
for undergraduate degree (S1) in English Literature Department The State Islamic
University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.Peace be upon to our Prophet
Muhammad shallallahu‘alaihiwasallam, hopefully we will get His syafa’at later
at the last day.
To accomplishthis thesis, I would like to give one great deal to many
people. I would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:
1. Dr. H. Adri Hasan, MA as a Rector of Islamic University of Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The Deputy of rector, prof. Dr. H. Suaidi ,
MA, PhD, Dr. H. Hidayat, M.pd and Dr. H. Fadilla, M. Pd, who
allowed me to study in the university.
2. Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pdi as the dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty,
the Vise of dean, Dr. Alfian, M. Ed, Dr. H, M. Fadhil, M. Ag, and Dr.
Rudhoh, M.Pd. I
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3. The Head of English Literature Department, Ulfatmi Azlan, SS, MA.
And The secretary of English Literature Department, Dian Mukhlisa,
MA.
4. All the lecturers and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty, cause of
the contributions and assistant during studying in Islamic University
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
5. The Head and officers of the library UIN and public literary of Jambi
province.
6. to my supervisors Samsul Huda,S.Ag,M.Ag, Firdiansyah, MA and
Ulfatmi Azlan, SS,MA who have helped me, guided, supported and
suggested me in writing this thesis.
7. To my beloved mother and father, the deceased Supriyati and Khoirul.
They have supported me without dissent for the full of my life.
8. My beloved brothers M. Azza Alfajri and Dodi Kusuma and my sister
Tri Fra Tiwi
9. My kindest friends Liani Ekawati, S.Hum, Qori Ade Suri, S.Hum,
Irma, S.Hum, Dhinda wulaningtyas, S.Hum and also my cousin
Galang Frameswara S.Kom and my cousin in law Rani Wulandari, SP
10. To my classmate ELITE 2014 who have given suggestion and support
to finish this thesis.
This thesis is still far from perfection. As the writer, I need some critics
and suggestions, so this thesis will be more perfect. Finally, I hope this thesis will
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ABSTRACT
Nurcholis, Fitri 2018: Safety Need Reflected in the Valley of Shadows
Novel by Dorothy Daniels. English Literature
Department Adab and Humanities Faculty, UIN
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Supervisor : 1. Samsul Huda, S.Ag, M.Ag
2. Firdiansyah, MA
This thesis analyzed about the Safety Need Reflected in the Valley of
Shadows Novel by Dorothy Daniels. The purposes of this research are (1) To find
out the main character life reflected in the Valley of Shadowsnovelby Dorothy
Daniels (2) To find out the way of main character fulfill the safety need in
theValley of Shadowsnovel by Dorothy Daniels (3) To find out the effect of fulfill
the safety needtoward the main character in the Valley of Shadowsnovel by
Dorothy Daniels.
The author uses the hierarchy of basic human needs according to Abraham
Maslow and the psychological approach of Sigmund Freud and also researchers
using various characters according to Bernando to support the writing of this
thesis. This research model uses qualitative methods to explain the answers to the
problem formulation. For data collection techniques, this study uses
documentation techniques to collect data and descriptive analysis for data analysis
techniques.
The results of thisthesis are; (1) Nancy Keith's character in the novel is a
protagonist and can be described as the life of the main character from life in the
village of Sycamore, living in a cabin, she is a great teacher, a condition that is not
good in Nancy's life; (2). there are two ways the main character fulfill her safety
needs, thay are : 1. Commitment: a. she safe her identity, b. she gets a safe place
2. Making a good relationship: a. asking protection from her aunty and her friend,
b. she wants trust from others; (3) there are some effects in fulfilling Nancy's
sense of safety,they are: 1. Self-confidence: a. freedom, b. confidence, 2.
Happiness: a. Happinessb. Satisfaction.
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ABSTRAK
Nurcholis, Fitri 2018: Safety Need Reflected in the Valley of Shadows
Novel by Dorothy Daniels, English Literature
Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, UIN
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Supervisor: 1. Samsul Huda, S.Ag, M.Ag
2. Firdiansyah, MA
Tesis ini menganalisis tentang Kebutuhan Keamanan yang Dicerminkan
dalam Novel Valley of Shadows oleh Dorothy Daniels. Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui kehidupan karakter utama yang tercermin dalam
novel Valley of Shadows oleh Dorothy Daniels (2) Untuk mengetahui cara
karakter utama memenuhi kebutuhan keamanan dalam novel Valley of Shadows
oleh Dorothy Daniels (3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemenuhan kebutuhan
keamanan terhadap tokoh utama dalam novel Valley of Shadows karya Dorothy
Daniels.
Penulis menggunakan hirarki kebutuhan dasar manusia menurut Abraham
Maslow dan pendekatan psikologi dari Sigmund Freud dan juga peneliti
menggunakan macam-macam karakter menurut Bernando untuk mendukung
penulisan tesis ini. Model penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk
memaparkan jawaban dari rumusan masalah. Untuk teknik pengumpulan data,
penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data dan
analisis deskriptif untuk teknik analisis data.
Hasil dari tesis ini adalah; (1) Karakter Nancy Keith dalam novel adalah
protagonis dan dapat digambarkan sebagai kehidupan karakter utama dari
kehidupan di desa Sycamore, tinggal di kabin, dia adalah guru yang hebat, suatu
kondisi yang tidak baik dikehidupan Nancy; (2). ada dua cara karakter utama
memenuhi kebutuhan keamanannya, yaitu: 1. Komitmen: a. dia mengamankan
identitasnya, b. dia mendapat tempat yang aman 2. Membuat hubungan yang baik:
a. meminta perlindungan dari bibinya dan temannya, b. dia ingin kepercayaan dari
orang lain; (3) ada beberapa efek dalam memenuhi rasa aman Nancy, mereka
adalah: 1. Percaya diri: a. kebebasan, b. kepercayaan diri, 2. Kebahagiaan: a.
Kebahagiaan b. kepuasan.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE ...........................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... ii
LETTER OF RATIFICATION ....................................................................
.........................................................................................................................iii
ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ...........................................................
......................................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ..........................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGE .........................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... x
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Problem...........................................................
....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Formulation of the Problem ..........................................................
5
1.3 Limitation of the Problem .............................................................
5
1.4 Purpose of the Research ................................................................
5
1.5 Significance of the Research .........................................................
6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Human Basic Needs Theory ..........................................................
....................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Safety and Security Need ..............................................................
....................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Psychological Approach ................................................................
....................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Definition of Character...................................................................
....................................................................................................... 15
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2.4.1 Kinds of Character ...............................................................
....................................................................................................... 16
2.5 The Ways to Fulfill Safety ............................................................
.............................................................................................................. 19
2.6 The Effects of Safety Needs ..........................................................
.............................................................................................................. 20
2.7 Novel...............................................................................................
.............................................................................................................. 21
2.8 Review of Related Research .........................................................
.............................................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Design of Research........................................................................
....................................................................................................... 27
3.2 Source of Data ...............................................................................
....................................................................................................... 29
3.3 Technique of Data Collection .......................................................
....................................................................................................... 29
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis ..........................................................
....................................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
4.1 The Main Character Life Reflected in the Valley of Shadows Novel
..............................................................................................................
34 ..........................................................................................................
4.2 The Main Character Fulfil the Safety Need in the Valley of Shadows
Novel by Dorothy Daniels ...................................................................
46
4.3The Effects of the Main Character Fulfil the Safety Need in the ...
Valley of Shadows by Novel Dorothy Daniels .....................................
54
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................61
5.2 Suggestion .......................................................................................62
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
CURRICULUM VITAE
CONSULTATION CARD I
CONSULTATION CARD II
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Problem
Literature work is a tool of communication between writers and readers.
Through literary works the writer, write their own ideas with many expressions.
Literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression, with the restriction
that not every written document can be categorized as literature in the more exact
sense of the word.2 The main function of a literary work is to describe, illustrate
and reflect human life itself at the time. Besides that every work of literature have
their own genres, and to analyze it there are various theories to analyze. Literature
has also analyzed to yield leading ideas and has been treated as a document in the
history of ideas and philosophy.3
There are some kinds of literary works, they are poetry, drama,
autobiography, short stories, and novel. From those kinds of literary works above,
the writer interests to discuss about novel. As we know some of authors have the
different definition about novel and some sense. According to Alex Martin and
Robert Hill,novel is a long written story, about imagery people and events.4 In the
novels, there are many characters and support the events which in the story. The
character itself develops differently. There is a hero, villain and other supporting
characters. It means that novel is literary work that has many characters and
2 Klarer Mario, An Introduction To Literary Studies, (New York: Routledge Taylor and
Francis Group, 2004), Second Edition, p. 1 3Rene Wellek and AustinWarren, Theory of Literature, (New York: Harourt, Brace and
Company, 1948), p. 138 4Alex Mertin and Robert Hill, Moderen Novel, (New York: Prentice Hall, 1996),12.
2
supporting characters from experiences of authors life, and create based on
feelings, and through of conditions or certain situation that has meaning to the
authors himself by writing it, he feels satisfied with his creation.
The writer is interest to choose the novel in this analyzing, because the
writer knows that novel is literary work that describe the behaviour of novel based
on feeling and experience of life and novels can make readers imagine more
comprehensive and novel explains the character of a character with more deep,
especially the main character always expose the minds or words that only exist in
their brains. The writer interested in choosing novel Valley of Shadows by
Dorothy Daniels in this research for some reasons: First, this novel tell about the
town’s people had called Nancy Keith’s father when they lynched him many years
ago. Now the beautiful schoolteacher had returned to the town of sycamore, she
wanted to find out the truth for the death of her father a few years ago who was
killed by them inhabitant because of the stupid thought of those who believe in
superstition who thinks his father is a devil worshiper. She would prove he had
been innocent and that men who hanged him were murderers, she is Nancy Keith
come the village and hide his identity as a child of Jack Merrick to make her feel
safe and no one will hurt her but she has to face attacks from someone.
Yet evil still dwelt in sycamore. Lurking in the shadows, waiting for the
right moment to destroy Nancy Keith. And if not for the loving assistance of
David Jordan, Nancy might have given up altogether, she try to fleeing from the
terrifying threats on her life, the brutal stoning, the threats from someone with a
rifle, someone give her coffee a stimulant to fight sleep then she unconscious. But
3
could David protect Nancy from the wed of horror that was slowly entrapping her,
this is where there is a need that is not fulfilled by him, it is the need for safety,
she need a protection, a more peaceful and peaceful life and someone who can
protect it. She did various ways to meet the needs of that sense of safety, and
Nancy’s sense of safety was achieved by the help and protection of David Jordan
and the people who loved and trusted him like aunt Margaret is younger sister of
her father and Jenny her student. Second, this novel tell about the women who
feels fear, anxiety and worry in a village, because memory of the death of her
father, and she gets the attack and terror in the village by someone and she get
slander, so all the residents hate her, this condition makes her difficult to achieve a
sense of security and get a sense of security living in the village of sycamore. so
why the writer choose this novel to be object of the research with the theme of
safety need because the writer want to know the safety need of the main character
in this novel. This novel is very interesting and give the moral massage that is
reminded us not to slander because it will cause unrest in the community and it
will harm others and it will be misery for slanderers or got slander.
The writer interested in conducting research about hierarchy of human
needs of the main character in the achievement of a sense of safety, and by using a
psychological approach. This novel has an issue about a character who wants to
fulfil her needs. This research analyzes the safety needs of the main character,
Nancy Keith. Hierarchy of human needs theory is used to know more about
human needs, especially the second level of the hierarchy that is the safety need
that discusses about how Nancy achieve it and how she get it for herself.
4
Abraham Harold Maslow explains that humans unconsciously fulfilling
their needs because they are motivated by something that makes them do an
action to fulfil those needs. Maslow theory of human motivation is based on the
assumptions that human’s basic needs are innately given and are related to one
another in a hierarchical arrangement. Especially, Maslow conceptualizes the
following five levels of needs, arranged in a ladder starting with lower need and
moving on to higher needs: in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs when the
individual has been able to fulfil his first need, physiological needs, then he can
desire the need lying on it, that is, the need for safety. After the need for safety,
the need to affiliate and socialize with others as a member of society dominates
over other needs. Then the need for self-esteem has a dominant power among
other needs. Then the need for self-actualization occupies the most important
level. 5
There are some problems that occasionally happen related to safety need in
the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels. It can be seen in the quotation
below:
I knew I would have to move with caution. What these people had done
once, they might to again. Especially if they knew my full name was Nancy
Keith Merrick. I must exercise extreme care that they were kept unaware of
that while I attempted to wipe out the ignorance of superstition that had bred
only evil.6
The quotations above tells about the main character needs to get save
because she was afraid when the people know about her, so she needs to keep her
5Anastasia Sri Mendari, Aplikasi Teori Hierarki Kebutuhan Maslow Dalam
Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa, Widya Warta Vol. 34. No. 01 / Januari 2010 ISSN 0854-
1981 6Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, (America: American Library Press), 1980, p. 11
5
identity. In her mind she feels if she wants to get out from her situation she wants
to live like normal people that is why she is asking David Jordan to her. Finally,
based on the reasons above, the writer will analyze this thesis entitle “Safety
Need Reflected in the Valley of Shadows Novel by Dorothy Daniels”
1.2 Formulation of the Problem
Based on the background of the problems above, the writer makes the
formulations of the problems are arranged as follows:
1. How is the main character life reflected in the novel Valley of Shadows by
Dorothy Daniels?
2. How does the main character fulfil the safety need in the Valley of Shadows
novel by Dorothy Daniels?
3. What are the effects of the main character fulfil the safety need in the novel
valley of shadows by Dorothy Daniels?
1.3 Limitation of the Problem
Actually there are many aspects that the writer can analyze in the novel, but
in this case the writer will investigate the safety need reflected are faced by the
main character Nancy Keith in the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels.
Therefore, the data are chosen from Nancy Keith as main character.
1.4 Purpose of the Research
Based on limitation of problem above, the purposes of this research are:
1. To know the main character life reflected in the novel Valley of Shadows by
Dorothy Daniels.
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2. To know the way of main character fulfill the safety need in the Valley of
Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels.
3. To know the effect of the main character fulfill the safety need in the Valley
of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels.
1.5 Significance of the Research
In this research, the writer would like to find out the safety need are faced
by the main character in novel. The writer hopes this research will develop the
strategies to solve the safety need, writing ability and give additional information
and knowledge to the writer and the readers, especially to the student and lectures
English Literature Department wants to read the novel and even who wants to
analyze the same novel. The writer hopes this research will make other people
easier to identify the safety need and takes the positive side of this novel
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Human Basic Needs Theory
Human beings have certain basic needs. They must have food, water, air,
and shelter to survive. If any one of these basic needs is not met, then humans
cannot survive. Abraham Maslow stated that: “Basic needs are similar to instincts
or standard of human life and play a major role in motivating behaviour.
Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs (also known
as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation”.7It means the
every human need to fulfil their needs for life in the world, because it is the
standard of human basic needs.
In this research, the writer wants to use the Abraham Maslow theory, this
theory is very suitable to use for making this research become clear, which the
object is personal life. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs starts at the
basic physiological needs we need just to stay alive.8 Once these are made we
have a need for safety, then we want love and affection. Within our group we
want to have self-esteem. Finally we have a need of satisfying our full potential
that Maslow calls self-actualization.
7 Kendra Cherry “Hierarchy of Needs The Five Level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need’s”
http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/hierarchyneeds.htm (accessed January 24,
2014 at 10.32 am) 8Maslow,Hierarchy Needs. http://www.deepermind.com/20maslow.htm. (accessedMay 20,
2014 at 22.55 am)
8
2.2 Security-Safety Needs (security; protection from harm)
If the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, there then emerges
a new set of needs, which we may categorize roughly as the safety needs(security;
stability; dependency; protection; freedom from fear, anxiety, and chaos; need for
structure, order, law, and limits; strength in the protector; and so on).9Which
meant by Maslow with the need for security is something that encourages
individuals to obtain peace, certainty, and order from their environmental
conditions.
This need can achieve by affects perception, job talk, deprivation and
pathology. Adults have little awareness of their security needs excepts in times of
emergency of periods of disorganization in the social structure. Children often
display the signs of insecurity and the need to be safe. Adults’ safety needs
perhaps more efficiency by observation of infants and children, in whom these
needs are much more simple and obvious. In infants we can also see a much more
direct reaction to bodily illness of various kinds. Sometimes these illness seem to
make the child feel unsafe.10It means that, safety needs in adults can be more
fulfilled than children because children have a greater need to feel safe.
To define the safety–security needs, it is necessary to identify the types of
threats that could reduce the safety–security response and the conditions that
satisfy these needs. Because this level of need is conceptually higher than the
9Abraham H. Maslow.“Motivation and Personality” Third Edition, New York:Harper
,1954, p, 18.
10Abraham H. Maslow.“Motivation and Personality” p, 18.
9
previous level, the terms used as threats to safety refer to both concrete and
abstract things, such as wild animals, criminal assault, disease, war, anarchy,
social chaos, natural catastrophes, and, in more peaceful times, the lack of such
things as job security, financial security, medical insurance, and retirement
security.
Maslow also gave examples of things that could satisfy the safety–security
needs, such as a place where one can feel safe from harm (e.g., a shelter such as a
house that gives protection from weather disasters), a guardian, or someone who
can be relied on for help (e.g., a reliable police force), an ethical legal system, or a
trustworthy government, and more abstractly, stability or structure in one’s life.11
It means that, security can be achieved by identifying the type of threat and to
ensure safety needs which are lack of protection so that we are able to know what
things are done to meet those security needs.
From these and similar observations, we may generalize and say that the
average child and, less obviously, the average adult in our society generally
prefers a safe, orderly, predictable, lawful, organized world, which he can count
on and in which unexpected, unmanageable, chaotic, or other dangerous things do
not happen, and in which, in any case, he has powerful parents or protectors who
shield him from harm. It means that, security needs are often expressed primarily
11Robert J. Taormina and Jennifer H. Gao. Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy:
Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs. American Journal of Psychology Vol. 126, No. 2 pp. 155–
177 / Summer 2013
10
in seeking safeguards or shelter, or strong people who can be trusted. So Nancy
Keith asked protection from David to make she felt safe.
Maslow further stated that, the neurosis in which the search for safety
takes its clearest form is in the compulsive-obsessive neurosis. Compulsive-
obsessive try frantically to order and stabilize the world so that no unmanageable,
unexpected, or unfamiliar dangers will ever appear. They hedge themselves about
with all sorts of ceremonials, rules, and formulas so that every possible
contingency may be provided for and so that no new contingencies may appear.
They try to arrange the world so that anything unexpected (dangers) cannot
possibly occur. If, through no fault of their own, something unexpected does
occur, they go into a panic reaction as if this unexpected occurrence constituted a
grave danger. What we can see only as a none-too-strong preference in the healthy
person, e.g., preference for the familiar, becomes a life-and-death necessity in
abnormal cases. The healthy taste for the novel and unknown is missing or at a
minimum in the average neurotic.12 It means that someone who feel anxious and
over-worried will cause someone to do everything they can to make their life
stable and avoid threats.
Security needs in any form of security needs are all important needs for
human survival, for physically and psychologically, they achieve it for a positive
goal for themselves, for happiness, satisfaction, freedom, stability and for a better
life. According Maslow’s theory, the more the physiological needs are satisfied,
12Abraham H. Maslow.“Motivation and Personality” Third Edition, New York:Harper
,1954, p, 18.
11
the more the person will attempt to satisfy the safety–security needs.13This implies
that two contiguous needs could be positively correlated (especially if large
numbers of people are sampled). Therefore, an increase in the satisfaction of the
former (physiological) need should be associated with an increase in satisfaction
of the latter (safety–security) need. The more the physiological needs are satisfied,
the more the safety–security needs will be satisfied.
The writer needs a reference Maslow to know basically of needs and the
writer focus on safety need in this research and also to compare this reference to
the situation. This theory will help the writer to know perfection, love, richness,
honesty and happiness in the novel.
Based on the quotations above, it can be concluded if the safety need can
be applied in making dream come true and also relationship to every people we
can get better life and happy forever. In this thesis the writer will use the
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory because this theory was more close to the
problems so the writer needs a reference Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to know the
main character to fulfil safety need in the main character in this research and also
to compare this reference to the situation. This theory will help the writer to know
the main character fulfil the safety need in the novel Valley of Shadows by
Dorothy Daniels.
13Robert J. Taormina and Jennifer H. Gao. Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy:
Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs. American Journal of Psychology Vol. 126, No. 2 pp. 155–
177 / Summer 2013
12
2.3. Psychological Approach
The writer assumes that the most suitable way to analyze the character of
Nancy Keith is using Abraham H. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory. The
theory is part of psychological approach which is usually used to identifying the
mental state of character in literary works. Sigmund Freud’s work and theories
helps shape our views of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality, and therapy.
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour.14 Psychology is the
study of human and animal behaviour with the object of understanding why living
beings behave as they do. It is a study of all human affairs, mind, situation and
condition also behaviour and action deal with human daily activity. Psychology’s
most famous figure is also of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the
twentieth century. The character’s behaviour in the story may indicate it is
psychology condition.
“Bahwa didalam fiksi psikologi yang mana dilukiskan, tidak hanya
sebuah peristiwa tetapi merupakan tingkah laku dan tindak tanduk para
tokoh utama cerita. Dimana seorang tokoh mengapa begini, mengapa
pendirianya begitu, didasarkan pada latar belakang kejiwaanya”.15
According to Freud, id as important part of our personality human’s
psychology state is basically drive from people personality and thus people acts
and reacts to what has happened to them from their thoughts, emotions and
behaviours, because everyone in the world has different one and another. Freud
provided convincing evidence, through his many careful record case studies, that
14Steven Pinker, Introduction of Psychology. (Fall, major approach to psychology, Journal,
2001), p. 1 15Dobie, Theory Into Practice-Psychological. USE California, 1990, p. 51
13
most of our actions are by psychological force solver which we have very limit
control. Generally psychology by Freud by has three kinds or parts of psychology.
There are id, ego and superego.16
“Teori kepribadian menurut Freud pada umumnya dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu:
id atau Es, ego atau Ich and superego atau Umber Ich. Id adalah dorongan-
dorongan primitive yang harus dipuaskan, salah satunya adalah libido. Id
dengan demikian adalah subjektif primer, dunia batin sebelum individu
mempunyai pengalaman tentang dunialuar. Ego bertugas untuk mengontrol
Id. Sedangkan superego berisi kata hati.”17
From the writer above it can be concluded that definition about id, ego and
superego. Id is a component that contains the personality, where the system works
with the principles of fun “pleasure principle”. Freud’s seminar work on
personality provided a modal with three components.18 They are:
1. Id: a basic, intrinsic force which express itself either as Eros, the love instinct
(with an energy referred to as the ‘libido’), or as Thanatos, the destructive or death
instinct.
The foundation of Freud’s contribution to modern psychology is his
emphasis on the unconscious aspect of the human psyche. It can seen on the
Handbook of Critical Approaches to literature is the reservoir of libido, the
primary source of all psychic energy. It functions to fulfil the primordial life
principle, which Freud considers to be the pleasure principle without
consciousness or semblance or ration order, the id is characterized by a
16WilfrendElguerin et al. Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature,fift edition. New
York: Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 156-157 17Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori,Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra,cet. ke-III edisi revisi.
Yogyakarta: pustaka pelajar,2011, p. 62-63 18WilfrendElguerin et al. Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature, p. 156-157
14
tremendous and amorphous vitality. The id is, in short, the source of all our
aggressions and desires. It is lawless, asocial and amoral. It is function is to
gratify our instincts for pleasure without regard.19 From the explanation above,
that is the attitude heedless of consequence without consciousness. It is the
dangerous potentialities.
2. Ego: this part of the personality tries to keep a balance and sits between
instinctive forces of the superego and the id. The ego is protected the individual.
Ego is unconscious: the ego never the less comprises what we ordinarily think of
as the conscious mind.
3. Superego: a basic, instinctive force which is a drive towards the individual’s
ideal self. This super conscientiousness is as extreme as the id.
From the explanation above, from the Freud’s three components, can be
seen that the id is dominated by the pleasure principle and the ego by the reality
principle and the superego is dominated by the morality principle. We might say
that the id can make devils, that the superego will have us behave as angels and
that it remains for the ego to keep us healthy human beings by maintaining a
balance between these two opposing force. In the simple, three components that
Freud provide is all to know about id the source of libido or negative
characteristic or full of the devil and ego is moral concerning base on
environment, and ego is the positive value that have in human mind. Sigmund
19Wilfrend Elguerin et al. Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature fifh edition. New
York: Oxford Universitypress, 2005,p. 156-157
15
Freud divides the using of psychoanalytic approach to literature into four object,
they are:20
1. The author
The theory is used to analyze the author and his or her life, and the literary
work is seen to supply evidence for this analysis. This is often call
“psychobiography”.
2. The character
The theory is used to analyze one or more of the character; the
psychological theory becomes a tool to explain the character’s behaviour
of motivation. The more closely the theory seems to apply to the
characters, the more realistic the work appears.
3. The audience
The theory is used to explain the appeal of the work for those who read it;
the work is seen to embody universal human psychological process and
motivations, to which the readers respond more or less unconsciously.
4. The text
The theory is used to analyze the role of language and symbolism in the
work.
In this research the writer chooses on the character on the novel, this
approach to reveal the psychological dimension inside of the character including
her behaviour, psychology, social, environment, motivation, role and conflict.
20Sunaryono, The Analysis Of The Consequences Of Willy’s Frustration In His Life Toward
Himself And The Plot As Depicted In ArtherMiliter’s Death Of Salesman drama: A psychoanalytic
approach. (Jambi: Adab Faculty The State Institute For Islamic Students Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin
Jambi,2013), p. 17
16
2.4 Definition of Character
Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work,
who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral,
intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and
their distinctive ways of saying it—the dialogue—and from what they do—the
action. The grounds in the characters temperament, desires, and moral nature for
their speech and actions are called their motivation.21The character plays
important role in novel, the story in novel will be blank and uninteresting without
character, in a novel there are so many characters until each character had
different personality defend on the family background, education, region and
setting that can differentiate between one character and other.
Generally, the story happened to people, it meant that the character in
fiction is usually people. If there was ever a story chiefly concerned with a tree, or
a stone, or an ape, the story will exist only because these things will treated as
they were human rather than as what we know they are in nature.22
21M. H. Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms, (USA: Heinle & Heinle Thomson
Learning, 1999), P. 32
22Robert W.Boyton and Maynard Mack, 1968, Introduction to the short story, New York:
Hayden Book Company, p. 26
17
2.4.1Kinds of Characters
There are fourteen characters in the film based on Bernando stated that:23
1. Major or central characters are vital to the development and resolution of
the conflict. In other words, the plot and resolution of conflict revolves
around these characters.
2. Minor characters serve to complement the major characters and help
move the plot events forward.
3. Dynamic - A dynamic character is a person who “changes over time”,
usually as a result of resolving a central conflict or facing a major crisis.
Most dynamic characters tend to be central rather than peripheral
characters, because resolving the conflict is the major role of central
characters.
4. Static - A static character is someone who “does not change over time”;
his or her personality does not transform or evolve.
5. Round - A rounded character is anyone who has a “complex personality”;
he or she is often portrayed as a conflicted and contradictory person.
6. Flat - A flat character is the opposite of a round character. This literary
personality is notable for one kind of personality trait or characteristic.
7. Stock - Stock characters are those types of characters who have become
conventional or stereotypical through repeated use in particular types of
stories. Stock characters are instantly recognizable to readers or audience
23Bernando, Karen, http://learn.lexiconic.net/characters.htm, (accessed July 03, 2018, at
09:54 am)
18
members (e.g. the femme fatale, the cynical but moral private eye, the mad
scientist, the geeky boy with glasses, and the faithful sidekick). Stock
characters are normally one-dimensional flat characters, but sometimes
stock personalities are deeply conflicted, rounded characters (e.g. the
“Hamlet” type).
8. Protagonist - The protagonist is the central person in a story, and is often
referred to as the story's main character. He or she (or they) is faced with a
conflict that must be resolved. The protagonist may not always be
admirable (e.g. an anti-hero); nevertheless s/he must command
involvement on the part of the reader, or better yet, empathy.
9. Antagonist - The antagonist is the character(s) (or situation) that represents
the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. In other words,
the antagonist is an obstacle that the protagonist must overcome.
10. Anti-Hero - A major character, usually the protagonist, who lacks
conventional nobility of mind, and who struggles for values not deemed
universally admirable.
11. Foil - A foil is any character (usually the antagonist or an important
supporting character) whose personal qualities contrast with another
character (usually the protagonist). By providing this contrast, we get to
know more about the other character.
12. Symbolic - A symbolic character is any major or minor character whose
very existence represents some major idea or aspect of society. For
example, in Lord of the Flies, Piggy is a symbol of both the rationality and
19
physical weakness of modern civilization; Jack, on the other hand,
symbolizes the violent tendencies (the Id) that William Golding believes is
within human nature.
13. Direct presentation (or characterization) - This refers to what the speaker
or narrator directly says or thinks about a character. In other words, in a
direct characterization, the reader is told what the character is like. When
Dickens describes Scrooge like this: “I present him to you: Ebenezer
Scrooge the most tight fisted hand at the grindstone, Scrooge! A
squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner”
this is very direct characterization.
14. Indirect presentation (or characterization), this refers to what the
character says or does. The reader then infers what the character is all
about. This mimics how we understand people in the real world, since we
can’t “get inside their heads”. In other words, in an indirect
characterization, it's the reader who is obliged to figure out what the
character is like. And sometimes the reader will get it wrong.
From kinds of characters above, it can be concluded that there are
fourteen characters in the literary works. The writer will use this theory to find
out the main character life reflected in the novel Valley of Shadows by
Dorothy Daniels.
20
2.5 The Ways to Fulfill Safety
There are two ways a person to fulfill the safety in life, it can be seen in
human behaviour, Maslowstated that:24
2.1.1 Making Good Relationship
Making good relationship is the activities that always near with other
and they will be family who will take care of us.25 By making good
relationship with people around us, it will make us easy to fulfil the needs in
life, because when people can fulfil it they will feel happy in life and will not
feel disappointed. 26
2.1.2 Commitment
Commitment is a promise or agreement to do something. People will
do their wanted to have because they have commitment in life, because
success in any aspect of life starts with good mind set.27People must make the
decision at a core level to hold nothing back and people must take a good look
at life and decide that nothing is going to stand in the way of success. It means
that commitment is goal, focus on what’s important and hold accountable.
From the explanations above, it can be known that there are two ways
a person to fulfil the safety in life, such as making good relationship and
commitment. The write used this theory to find out the main character fulfil
the safety need in the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels.
24 Griffin, Hierarchy Needs of Abraham Maslow’s, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007), p.
125 25 Griffin, Hierarchy Needs of Abraham Maslow’s, p. 126 26BAARD, “Intrinsic Need Satisfaction: A Motivational Basis of Performance and Well-
Being in Two Work Settings”, Journal University of Rochester, p. 6 27Baumate and Blaury, “The Need To Belong: Desire For Interpersonal Attachments as a
Fundamental Human Motivation”, Journal of Psychological Bulleti, 2011, p. 3.
21
2.6 The Effects of Safety Needs
There are two effects from the fulfilment of safety needs when it had done.
These effects gave positive side if the person could fulfil it, Maslow stated that:
2.1.3 Self-Confidence
The effect from safety is self-confidence because it can make people
braveness and believe that they can solve their problems in. The effect of self-
confidence is commonly come from one’s personal judgment, ability, power,
etc. One increases self-confidence from experiences of having mastered
particular activities. Self-confidence is not the same as self-esteem, which is
an evaluation of one’s own worth, whereas self-confidence is more
specifically trust from one’s ability to achieve some goal.28
2.1.4 Happiness
The people who can fulfil the safety they would feel confident and
capable in life. Happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which
can be defined by, among others, positive or pleasant emotions ranging from
contentment to intense joy.29
2.7 Novel
Novel expressed something which is felt, more detailed and more involved
some complex problems such us element that built the novel itself. Literary work
has two parts in literature, there are written and oral. It is composition designed to
tell the stories, dramatize situation to several think and emotion, to entertain,
28Lianto, Aktualisasi Teori Kebutuhan Abraham M.Maslow Bagi Peningkatan Kinerja
Individu Dalam Organisasi, Jurnal, SekolahTinggiIlmuEkonomiIdyaDarma Pontianak, 2011, p. 2 29Lianto, Aktualisasi Teori Kebutuhan Abraham M.Maslow Bagi Peningkatan Kinerja
Individu Dalam Organisasi, p. 3
22
broader and enable readers. Story in a literary work reflects every sides of human
being, good or bad sides. According to Alex Martin and Robert Hill, “Novel is a
long written story about imaginary people and events. Novel is more complex but
short not, novel many event, many time”. 30
It means that novel is an imaginary story that has some characters in the
story and usually the story is about the author’s life. From those definition of the
novels, the writer conclude that novel is a long written which it has plot and
unlimited story and usually it comes from the author’s life that through in the
story of the novel for example about the experience of author’s life. A long and a
brief definition of novel is a long, written story, about imagery people and events.
A novel can make everyone and reader cry, laugh, happy, sad, think or all of
them. A novel can be tragic, comic, satirical, romantic, a combination of these
something difficult to defined with just these words. According to Mustafa,
“novel adalah jenis prosa yang mengandung unsur tokoh ,alur, latar, rekaan
yang menggelarkan kehidupan manusia atas dasar sudut pandang
pengarang.“31It means the novel is kinds of prose that consisted of character, plot,
setting and point of view in it.
From the statement above, the novel has the factors to build the novel such
as character, plot, setting, theme in the story and point of view. In the novel, the
author has important subject to make the story. Novel is the most complex and
develop genre of literature which are needs the precise, correct and complete
knowledge of history of religion, mystic, culture, politics, economics, socio
30Alex Martin and Robert Hill, Modern Novel, (Prentice Hall International,1996),p.12
31Nur Itsna shulbiyah, The Analysis of “A” Symbols In Scarlet Letter Novel by Nathaniel
Hawthorne, (Jambi: Adab Faculty IAIN STS Jambi,2008), p.9
23
psychology and each other. The real novel wrote as an impartial depositor, honest,
responsible undertakers of the highest values and measure of humanity and
pointing the main problem and paradox of the society.
2.8 Review of Related Research
In this thesis, there are researchers that have been found by the writer who
have discussed about fulfill the need they are:
First, Muhamad Yanuar Arifin from English Letters Department Faculty of
Adab and Humanities Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta 2007
by thesis entitled “The Character of Neil Perry in Dead Poets Society Novel Seen
From Abraham H.Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory”. The researcher used
Hierarchy of Human Needs a Theory, this research discussed about the character
of Neil Perry has undergone psychological disorder or in other word is
psychology, because the character jumped the needs portrayed by Abraham
Maslow. The character actually jumped three needs below the self-actualization
needs, which state at the peak of the pyramid, first, the need is safety needs,
secondly is belonging needs and the last one is self –esteem needs.
The writer also finds that all the needs that Neil Perry jumped off are caused
by his father’s treatment to him. He educates Neil too harsh and gives his soon a
very heavy burden. Almost every moment that the character spends with his father
24
is always bad memory. Obviously, from the data obtained Neil cannot fulfil all the
needs because of his father.32
Second, Syifa Fauziah from English Letter Department faculty of Adab
and Humanities State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2014 by the
thesis entitled “Hierarchy of Needs Analysis of the Main Character in You Again
Film”. The researcher uses the theory of Hierarchy of human needs of Abraham
Maslow as the basic concepts and frameworks of thinking. The analysis focuses
on the female character namely Marni Olivia Oslen. The object of the study is to
show the characteristic of Marni. The aim of the study is to show the main
character in fulfilling her needs viewed from Abraham H. Maslow’s theory. The
researcher employs qualitative descriptive method. The researcher uses the theory
of Hierarchy of human needs of Abraham Maslow as the basic concepts and
frameworks of thinking. The conclusions show that the main character can fulfill
five needs; physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs,
esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.33
Third, Cut Muthmainnah in 2009 of English Letters Department Letters
and Humanities Faculty State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta by
thesis entitled “A Main Character Analysis of The Zahir Using Hierarchy of
Human Needs of Abraham H. Maslow’s Theory”, the researcher used Hierarchy
32Muhamad Yanuar Arifin, “The Character of Neil Perry in Dead Poets Society Novel
Seen From Abraham H.Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory”,Jakarta : the English Letters
Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities SyarifHidayatullahState Islamic University Jakarta,
2007, p.3 33Syifa Fauziah, Hierarchy of Needs Analysis of the Main Character in You Again Film
Jakarta : English Letter Department faculty of Adab and Humanities State Islamic University
Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta (2014)
25
of Human Needs of Abraham H. Maslow’s theory. This research discussed about
the way of fulfilment of the main character’s needs in The Zahir. The writer
identifies the problem of the main character needs which are revealed in his
searching for his wife and how the main character fulfilling his need is.
In this research, Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory of Abraham H.
Maslow is classified into five subsidiary sets of needs. The needs are
physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, esteem needs, and self-
actualization needs. At the first level, physiological needs, the main character
In The Zahir can fulfil the needs easily. But at the level safety needs, love and
belongingness, and esteem needs, he gets the challenge in fulfilling the needs
because his wife leaves him. The condition gives him spirit to fulfil the needs.
That spirit make him can pass through the process of life. So, he can fulfil the
needs very well. Finally, at the fifth level, self-actualization needs, he can fulfil
when he meets his wife in the end of the story. As the conclusion, the main
character in The Zahir can fulfil the needs from the lowest until the highest.34
Fourth Nurhikmah in 2014 from English Literature Department Faculty Of
Adab And Humaniora The State Institute For Islamic Studies Sulthan Thaha
Saifuddin Jambi by thesis entitled “Social-Love And Belonging Ness As Reflected
ByThe Main Character As Seen On Romeo And Juliet Film ”The researcher used
Hierarchy of Need Theory by Abraham Maslow and psychology approach
34CutMuthmainnah, A Main Character Analysis of The Zahir Using Hierarchy of Human
Needs of Abraham H. Maslow’s theory, Jakarta : English Letters Department Letters and
Humanities faculty state islamic university hidayatullah(2009).
26
Sigmund Freud. The problem of this research are the factor influence the main
character Romeo And Juliet to fulfil social – love and belongingness need, the
main character in fulfil social – love and belongingness need and the benefits
from the main character to their family in the Romeo And Juliet film.
The result of this thesis show that (1) love come directly to them, no one
else can stop their love. They are loving each other, even though their family do
not agree both of them. They decided to get married quickly, they hope after they
are getting married it can change the situation both of them. (2) Romeo And Juliet
have a nice love and they wanted to marry. Relationship between two family
become worse after they were married and Romeo killed Tybalt because Tybalt
killed Romeo’s family. At last Romeo must be going from Venora city. (3)
Romeo and Juliet’s love make family both of them being peace, and from that day
everything change there were no more fight the city becomes peaceful.
The above related researches are some examples of research on films with
similar topics that are about the fulfilment of human needs by using the theory of
the Hierarchy of Human Needs Abraham Maslow. However, this research differs
from previous studies in terms of unit analysis and focus of the hierarchy level of
needs. This research focuses on how the main character life is reflected, how the
main character meets her needs and the impact of the main character in fulfilling
her needs, especially to meet the safety needs of the novel valley of shadows by
DorothyDaniels.
27
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Design of Research
In writing this thesis, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method and
descriptive research that is suitable with the aim of this research. Qualitative
research may be in descriptive form. The data were collected in the form of words
as a descriptive explanation than a number. The result of the research contained
quotation from the data to illustrate and substantive the presentation. Descriptive
research is a research which aims to describe a phenomenon accurately based on
the characteristic of research.35 In this thesis, the writer will use qualitative
research, where the data are analyzed through interpreting, not statistic
analysis.NyomanKuthaRatna stated that:
“Metode kualitatif memberikan perhatian terhadap data alamiah, data
dalam hubungannya dengan konteks keberadaanya. Cara-cara inilah yang
mendorong metode kualitatif dianggap sebagai multimetode sebab
penelitian pada gilirannya melibatkan sejumlah besar gejala social yang
relevan. Dalam penelitian karya sastra, misalnya, akan dilibatkan
pengarang, lingkungan social dimana pengarang berada, termasuk unsur-
unsur kebudayaan.”36
35John W. Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, (United States of America:
California 1997), p. 15. 36Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke-III edisi
revisi,(Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011), p. 47.
28
Based on the quotation above, the qualitative research can be used in this
research due to the qualitative method did not only involves the intrinsic aspect in
literary work. But, it can be related with the extrinsic aspect in the literary itself.
So, that is why, the qualitative method also can be said as multi method. Because,
the relating of the intrinsic aspect and extrinsic aspect in the literary itself.
Descriptive is “Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, gambar dan buka
nangka-angka, hal itu disebabkan oleh penerapan metode kualitatif.”37
Qualitative research in research procedures which produce descriptive data
as spoken words of the person or behaviour being researched. Moh Nazir stated:
“Metode deskriptif adalah ini bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi, gambaran atau
lukisan secara sistematis, factual dan akurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat
serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki”38.It makes easy the research to
get the right data. It means that qualitative method is analyzing about descriptive
data are used documentation in this research, by using this qualitative method, the
writer felt easy to analyze the novel.
Based on those statements, it can be concluded that qualitative research
analyzes about descriptive data that is collected is in the form of the situation of
the natural object. Where descriptive data such as writer or spoken, by using
qualitative research the writer will get rice answer about the question in analyzing
the problem in the main character to fulfil safety need of Hierarchy of Needs in
the Valley of Shadow novel by Dorothy Daniels.
37Hartinis Yatim, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif,
(Jakarta: Bogor Pnerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2009), p. 191. 38Moh. Nazir, Motode Penelitian, (Bogor: Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2011), p. 54.
29
3.2 Sources of Data
The main data in this research are directly related to the discussion of the
thesis. In this research the writer takes the data from Valley of Shadows novel, a
novel which was written by Dorothy Daniels in January in 1980, with the page
169.
3.3 Technique of Data Collection
In an effort to get the data and fact, in this research the writer uses
qualitative research, the techniques in qualitative research. The writer uses
documentation and Sugiyono stated: “Dokumen merupakan catatan peristiwa
yang sudah berlalu dan dokumen ialah setiap bahan tertulis, filim ataupun dari
record yang dipersiapkan karena adanya permintaan seorang penyidik”.39
It means that in qualitative research, the writer uses some documents that
have correlation or support the problem of the research, because this research is
descriptive that is why the writer describes and analyzes the data that has been
found in the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniel to answer of the
problems that has been formulated in the formulation of the problem.
The writer has some steps in collecting the data, in order to make this
research more specific. The steps in collecting data:
a. Collecting all data from the novel that had been taking from novel and other
sources which are closely related to the aim of the research and also
watching repeatedly and comprehensively for some senses and statement
39Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2009), p.9.
30
that exist in the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels and articles in
the cyber data as many as possible which show a form of problem.
b. Reading the data repeatedly, read the novel repeatedly until understand.
After getting all important sources, the writer reads it to make sure that the
data are correlating with the research.
c. Marking on the words or sentences and all the important statements and
information, as well as afterwards, making a note of data. After reading the
sources carefully, the writer marks any important statements to make the
writer easier in the analyzing process for the research.
d. Identifying and classifying the data, after finding all the data completely, the
writer processes the data to analyze them. Finally, the writer makes a good
arrangement for the thesis itself as the last in finalizing research.
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzes the data. In qualitative
research, technique analysis data are used to answer the formulation of the
problem in analysis data, the writer used a technique of data analysis. The writer
has several techniques from the data analysis, in order to make this research more
specific. According to Susan Steinbeck, “Data analysis is critical to the qualitative
research process. It is to recognition, study, and understanding of interrelationship
and concept in your data that hypotheses and assertions can be developed and
evaluated.”40 Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated:“Sesuai, dengan namanya analisis isi
terutama berhubungan dengan isi komunikasi baik secara verbal maupun non
40Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2009), p. 244.
31
verbal…41In line with this statement, the writer uses the method. According to
Nyoman Kutha Ratna:
“Isi dalam metode analisis terdiri dari atas dua macam, yaitu isi laten dan
isi komunikasi. Isi laten adalah isi yang terkandung dalam dokumen dan
naskah, sedangkan isi komunikasi adalah pesan yang terkandung sebagai
komunikasi yang terjadi. Isi laten adalah isi sebagaimana dimasudkan oleh
penulis, sedangkan isi komunikasi adalah sebagaimana terwujud dalam
hubungan naskah dengan konsumen.”42
In this research, the writer uses technique descriptive analysis because this
research is descriptive. It was way the writer describes, analyzes the data that has
been found in the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels to find the answer
the formulation of the problems that have been formulated. The writer has some
steps in analyzing the data, in order to make this research more specific. The steps
are:
a. Identifying
The writer identifies all the data needed in the study based on the problem
b. Classifying the data
The writer classifies the data based on the events which has correlation with
the safety need in the main character as seen in the valley of shadows novel
by Dorothy Daniels and from all data needed to answer the problem of
number one, two and three
c. Analyzing
41Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra,cet. ke-III edisi revisi.
(Yogyakarta: pustaka pelajar,2011), p. 48. 42Ibid. p. 50.
32
The writer analyzing data that has been collected detailed and already
classified base on data needs and problem. The writer conducts research
analysis, research using Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory and
psychological approach that is already in the study and concluded.
d. Making the conclusion
After all the data have been analyzed, described and explained in the
research, the writer will make the conclusion of the research.
33
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGSAND ANALYSIS
This chapter represent the finding and analysis of the data, analyzing
through the words mean analyzing the words of the text of a story, another
principle of analyzing the character are the actions of each characters to behave
according to their characteristic in the story in this study he writer chose the
theory of Human Basic Need theory and psychological approach for this study
discusses. Based on the findings of the data, exposure data obtained, and based on
the discussion in accordance with the theory, it can be concluded the following
results:
4.1 The Main Character’s Life Reflected in the Valley of Shadows Novel
The main character Nancy Keith is a beautiful teacher, she did not believe
superstition, her father has died because murdered by people in Sycamore village
because all people there has slander him that he has worshipper, because that
Nancy hated superstition. Nancy falling in love with David Jordan because David
is the men who always take care of her. She never surrender although so many
attack to her from someone there, Nancy Keith felt fear, anxiety and worry in a
village, because memory of the death of her father, and she got attack and terror in
Sycamore village by someone and she got slander, so all the residents hate her. In
her mind she felt if she wanted to get out from her situation she wanted to live like
normal people.
34
1. Protagonist Character
Protagonist character is a character that supports the story, usually there is
one or two main protagonist figures who are assisted by other characters involved
in the story. This type of character is usually of good character. The writer found
Nancy is the protagonist character because she is a main character who appears in
most of the storyline and she has a goal that must be achieved in the story and a
character that fights evil characters. This is reflected of character life in the valley
of shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels:
a. The Unwanted Woman
Sycamore was a remote village inhabited by superstitious residents; Nancy
came to Sycamore to teach, first came to Nancy village to meet villagers then
introduced her and conveyed his intentions in the village of Sycamore to the
population.
"I am Nancy Keith." I gave my mother's maiden name, which was the one
I had chosen to use here."I have been assigned to sycamore by the country
school authority. I hope I will be able to do some measure of good
here."“Reckon.” She said. “ I be Mary Osgood. We ain’t had a
schoolmarm here in there, four years now. Chillun sure in need o’ teachin’.
”I’ii do my best.”I said. Her sharp eyes seemed to dispute that. “you aimin’
to board with one of us?”43
From the dialogue above Nancy Keith came to a village which called
Sycamore to teach the students in the village. She had been picked by the state
43Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 4
35
school authorities to teach in there, so Nancy introduced herself and conveyed her
purpose to Mary Osgood.But Mary Osgood didn't show a pleasant attitude.
When Nancy met them she felt that they were not like to her, and they
looked unpleasant and ignorant, even so Nancy remained in her goal of living in
the village of Sycamore. It can be seen in the quotations below:
“I was about to establish a man standing directly behind her. He gave no
sign of exhibiting authority, yet I had the feeling he was someone the
inhabitants of the village either feared or respected. Quite likely, it was
both. He was ruddy faced and of moderate build, with thin, scraggly hair
atop his head. His eyes were deep set and far too small for the roundness
of his moonlike face. I did not like the look of his mouth. The lips were too
thin and drooped at the corners in what appeared to be a perpetual scowl.
He excellent a quiet authority, while the women who was now facing me.
Exhibited hers in a stern, uncompromising voice and a rigid, arrogant
attitude, she doesn't show pleasure...Willy Joe did not look like a doctor,
and my surprise must have been apparent enough for him to take note of. I
quickly recovered my composure and addressed Mrs.Osgood and Willy
Joe.”44
From the quotations above for the first time she came to the village of the
main character of Nancy Keith met with the people in the village. That is
Mr.Osgood and Willy Joe, Nancy Keith see Mrs.Osgood she was stiff and
arrogant being Willy Joe, Nancy felt Willy Joe did not look like a doctor. It was
the first met with that People with a sense of discomfort at the treatment they were
a little bit intimidating Nancy Keith.
44Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 3
36
b. The Memory of Father in Cabin
In the sycamore village Nancy decided to live in an empty cabin which
uninhabited, residents believed that the cabin was inhabited by evil but Nancy was
not superstitious and still wanted to stay in the cabin because she had decided to
stay in the cabin. It can be seen in the quotations below:
“The cabin had been well cared for, without the slightest odour of
mustiness or dust. The furniture was the usual handmade, rugged type, but
some chairs were padded and looked comfortable. There was a large
fireplace in the parlor, which had also been evidently served as the dining
room, for there was a long table in the centre of it. The walls were
plastered and papered, an oddity in these parts, I knew.oil lamps were
placed around the room and there was a spit the fireplace for roasting. The
kitchen was small. However, a black iron stove contained a spacious oven
and, behind it, a water heater, also something not for the mountains. The
bedroom was of moderate size, but with only a single bad. It seemed quite
satisfactory. Two chairs and a bedside table were the other furnishings.
The bathroom was adequate and there were two small bedroom closets. all
I required.”45
From the quotations above Nancy felt comfortable enough to live in a
cabin that she occupies, with a cushioned chair, a large fireplace and all the
necessary home utensils for her needs, according to Nancy Keith cabin was very
sturdy. She felt comfortable to stay in the cabin.
Although Nancy was happy to stay in the cabin, Nancy felt sad because
the cabin reminded the dead her father being killed by residents and hanged in an
eek tree near of cabin. It can be seen in the quotations below:
“I removed my coat, then selected a chair from the kitchen and carried it
out to the oak tree and the branch from which a bit of rope dangled. I
45Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 9
37
stepped onto the chair and from that perch i managed to reach the branch.
I found the ragged - ended rope too tightly knotted around the branch to
be untied, but I had prepared for this by bringing me a knife I found in
the kitchen. Using this, I sawed off the rope. I held it in my hand for a
moment or two, and then with a shudder I threw it as far away as I
could. I did not intend to have that fluttering thing in the breeze. Once the
missing end of it has been around my father's neck. I needed to reminder
of what had happened to him. It was why I had come back here after all
these years. I had been told of the circumstances of my father's death
once I was old enough to understand. I had then made up my mind to
become a teacher, to somehow”46
From the quotations above the cabin that Nancy Keith lived in was where
she lived when Nancy Keith was little and her father was alive. Although Nancy
Keith has been comforted by living in the cabin but it cannot be denied that her
feelings were so devastated at the memory of her tragic father's death, the feeling
was very unpleasant for her, how had not her father been unfairly murdered by the
villagers who had been devastated in cabin.
c. AmbitiusTeacher
Nancy came to Sycamore to teach, Nancy had been sent by the country
school authority to the village to teach. It can be seen in the quotation below:
"I am Nancy Keith." I gave my mother's maiden name, which was the
one I had chosen to use here."I have been assigned to Sycamore by the
country school authority. I hope I will be able to do some measure of
good here."47
From the quotations above Nancy Keith came to a village which called
Sycamore to teach the students in the village. She had been picked by the state
school authorities to teach in there, so Nancy introduced herself and conveyed her
46Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 10 47Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 4
38
purpose in the village of sycamore to residents. Nancy Keith has good intentions
for the villagers she hopes to do something good in the village.
Then another case showed that Nancy was very enthusiastic to teach
children in the village. It can be seen when Nancy prepares everything to teach at
night before teaching tomorrow. It can be seen in the quotation below:
I walked with her how to move with a light, graceful step down the road.
Thought there was bereaved three years difference in our ages, I felt like
a surrogate mother. Jenny presented a challenge to my skill as a teacher,
one I was anxious to meet. I spent some time by lamplight, making up a
schedule for my classes, writing brief notes of what I wished to do.
Without textbooks, I would have to use my ingenuity. I would do some
teaching, then encourage the pupils to tell something about themselves.
Get them to think about their future. Talk to them about the world
beyond these hills. Stir their curiosity.48
From the quotation above although the main character of Nancy Keith
strongly dislikes the treatment of villagers who strongly believe in superstition,
but Nancy Keith has a strong determination to teach in Sycamore village, teaches
her students in the village because Nancy Keith felt by teaching them they can
leave their superstitious beliefs.
d. The Undesirable Moment of Nancy
There was someone hate Nancy Keith in village Sycamore, it starts when
someone tries to hurt her and tries to kill her by throwing her with stones, it makes
her live with threats and fear. It can be seen in the quotations below:
I said, "do not be sure, Mrs.Loomis. David Jordan is the name of the
doctor who operated on Alva. He will be here to see how she is, once she
gets home again. it might be wise for any sick people here to ask for the
48Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 26
39
doctor. It is very dangerous to depend on Willy Joe. "They were arguing
the point when I walked out of the cabin. I resumed my walk to the
schoolhouse. Nearing I, I will Willy Joe seated on the front steps. From
the beginning, I suspected that what had happened to me along the road
to sycamore was either led by Willy Joe, or planned by him. He remained
seated so that I would have to walk round him to reach the door and he
looked up at me with an almost gloating expression..49
From the dialogue above Nancy had an assault stoned from someone
when she returned to Sycamore after helping Mrs.Alva go to Tilletville village for
treatment, because she believed the treatment of a hospital doctor who had studied
school could save her, it show that Nancy very care with peoples in sycamore.
Nancy believed that the doer is Willy Joe because she felt Willy Joe did not like
her and her actions.
Then at a different time when Nancy went down the village through the
woods using a horse-drawn carriage with David, Nancy and David got an attack
from someone unknown. They were stoned as Nancy had experienced before. It
can be seen in the dialogue below:
“We have got to find cover. Someone is trying to kill us!” we fled across
the cleared area of the plateau and entered the scrub alongside it. There
we again crouched down.“Dave ... what in the world ...?” I began. There
was a hissing noise above me and something struck the trunk of a small
tree with a great impact. “We are under some sort of attack,” Dave
whispered. “Don’t move! Don’t give away our position.”“Attack?
How... who..? “I wish I knew who, but I can tell you how. It’s someone
using a slingshot.”50
49Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 50 50Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 84-85
40
The dialogue above shows that this is a conversation between Nancy and
Dave, this is a situation where they got an attack from someone, they tried to seek
refuge to avoid an attack by someone they don't know, Nancy realized someone
pelted them with stones and slingshot.
Nancy know that she was not safe condition, because of that Nancy effort
to make her safe, for that Nancy tried to find out someone who did bad things to
her, Nancy suspects that Willy Joe doesn't like her. Nancy Keith believes who has
terrorized her and who has wants to kill her that was Willy Joe, because Willy Joe
was the one who obviously dislikes Nancy Keith being in the Sycamore village,
but Nancy felt not only Willy Joe who has done it all to her there was other who
want to kill her. It can be seen in the quotations below:
“I walked out quite confused, because in my opinion the man using the
slingshot had to be Willy Joe. I knew of no one else in the village who
hated me enough to try to kill me. Still, I have to believe the men who
testified that it could not possibly have been him. At least now I know
there must be someone else to be guarded against.”51
From the quotations above show that when Nancy Keith found terror,
even that she was on the road to go home using horse-drawn carriage she found
someone stoned stones which caused her and Dave wound to the beginning she
suspects Willy Joe who has done, so she found out where Willy Joe was going,
but the fact was that at the time it turns out that Willy Joe in the salon being
drunk. For that Nancy Keith realize that someone else was doing terror and
wanted to kill her but she does not yet know who that person was for sure she
know that it was not Willy Joe.
51Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 94
41
One day Nancy wants to killed by Mr.Brierly after all people known that
she was daughter of Jed Merrick, which Mr. Brierly was husband of a dead
women whose inhabitants accuse Nancy’s father who killed her.
"Why did you come?" I asked."Is not saying nothing to you," he replied.
You really believe I'm a witch, or a consort do not you?""Is not likely
you are anything else, knowing I was here, getting a gun from no place
..."Why did you come?"I repeated my question more forcefully. David
said, "I had answer her if I were you before she puts a spell on you.""I
come to kill you, "he said. David held up the rifle."With this?"52
From the dialogue above Nancy’s life is increasingly threatened after all
the inhabitants know she was a Jed Merrick’s child and Nancy got threats one of
them Nancy wants to be killed by Mr. Brierly. When All residents has know that
Nancy was Jed Merrick’s child including Mr. Brierly, which is Mr.Brierly is the
husband of a dead women whose inhabitants accuse Nancy’s father who killed
him so much as Mr. Brierly knows it, Mr.Brierly came to kill her but Nancy can
save herself from the threat because Nancy rang the gun and there was also
David who helped her.
Nancy felt she had to find out who had slandered her and for what
purpose it was done to make her life unsafe because she wanted a comfortable
and peaceful life.
"What do you think we should do?""It might be drank too much," Dave
raised his voice."Jenny, how often did Willy Joe get drunk?""Jenny
stepped to the doorway."Most every week or.""Do you know where he
lives?""Suredo. Got him a cabin down the road fire. Is never got merried.
Reckon is not no woman had have him. "We could go the cabin," David
said."If we find his clothing and personal possessions gone, then we can
be certain he left the village. I think we should make sure. ""I will fetch a
52Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 119-120
42
wrap. Jenny, "I called out," you will have to show us where Willy Joe
lived."Ready in a minute," she replied.53
From the dialogue above when Nancy go home to found out the truth
because Nancy felt Willy Joe one of the people who play roles in committing
crimes against her and her father an insane. But Nancy has found that Willy Joe
has died poisoned by someone, Nancy felt someone like to cover up her crime
because Willy Joe knows for sure who that person is and Nancy found Willy Joe
savings with lots of money, Nancy felt that someone has given money to Willy
Joe for cooperating doing evil, Nancy felt that Willy Joe was paid criminal.
Nancy Keith was brought in for trial Nancy just felt fatefully because the people
already know Nancy was daughter of Jed Merrick and they all accuse Nancy as
devil worshipers, Nancy Keith was close to the truth and there are many that she
suspects and Nancy continues to found out.
But the terror came back, in a different case, Nancy was sedated and
made her unconscious, someone tried to manipulate it and slandered her. Nancy
Keith was out of unconsciousness and naked in a circle of fire, residents
believed that this showed Nancy was a devil student. It can be seen in the
dialogue below:
“It’s unbelievable,” he said. “Are you sure you feel well enough to hear
me out?”“I’ll be worse if I don’t. Please tell me. It’s so hazy and I’m so
dizzy… I almost feel ill.”“I’m sure you’ll be over it soon. Last night,
Nancy, someone in the village saw fires about a quarter of a mile beyond
your cabin. Whoever went there to investigate-I haven’t had time to find
out who it was-set up such a hue and cry he awakened the entire village.
53Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 137
43
They flocked down there to find a ring of fire, emitting a strong smell
of sulphur-and you were lying in the center of the ring . . . without any
clothes on.”“Naked?” I gasped. “I was naked?”54“Jenny and I took a
walk before going to bed,” I recalled. “I didn’t lock the cabin. I never do
unless I’m inside. Someone must have entered and whoever it was placed
some kind of drug . . . in the milk. Jenny and I both drank milk we’d
bought on our way back from the churchyard cemetery. You were there.
Remember?”55
The dialogue above show that Nancy had been made unconscious by
someone and made her unclean and Nancy realized that someone put something
in her drink, the milk she and Jenny drank before they fell asleep, causing her to
lose consciousness.
Then all people in Sycamore hate to her and they think that Nancy was
worshipper of Satan, but even so Nancy did not want go from this village
because she want to know who did this and find out who did this and why. I can
be seen in the quotations below:
"No," I said."No, I will not go. Whatever happened have been done
deliberately. An evil scheme to get at me. To revile me, to make me out
in the worst possible light. But I'll not go until I find out who did this and
why. "56
From the quotations above when Nancy found someone intentionally
made unconscious where the behaviour of people think she was Satanist and
everyone hated her and wanted to judge her. But Nancy still want to be in the
village sycamore and reveal the truth to villagers because Nancy notice there
54Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 155 55Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 157-158 56Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 157
44
was someone evil behind it all. Because Nancy felt if she goes then she did not
feel comfortable in psychology or feeling because her goal of unravelling the
truth to the population has not been reached but Nancy realize it will make it
physically safe.
In other situation Nancy was taken by residents to be punished for
mistakes she did not commit. It can be seen in the quotation below;
“I feel like someone being led to execution as I walked up the street
toward the town hall. Behind me most of the villagers marched and
yelled imprecations."They're going to grant you a trial," Reverend Haven
assured me."I got that much out of them. We do gain time."Thank you," I
said listlessly. Time was moving too fast, running out on me. I entered
the town hall between lines of people who jeered and shook their firsts at
me. They have been ridden to a point where any kind of violence is not
only possible but quite probable.”57
From the quotation above Nancy Keith realize when she decides to stay
in the village of Sycamore and found out what happened and found out someone
who had committed a crime in the village against her and her father she realizes
it will got messed up in her life and it will harm her, but Nancy still chooses to
found out the truth until finally Nancy Keith had to surrender when brought by
the villagers to be tried on charges and slander against her. when it lasted Nancy
just felt surrender because the inhabitants already know that Nancy was daughter
of Jed Merrick and they all accuse Nancy as a devil worshiper, Nancy felt very
scared when brought by the inhabitants.
The main character realize that she needs someone who can help her and
give help to achieve security because Nancy felt not safe, for that reason, the
57Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 162
45
main character asks David Jordan. Maslow argues, security needs are often
expressed primarily in seeking safeguards, or strong people who can be trusted.
It can be seen in the dialogue below:
"Let go of me!" She screamed."Let go of me so I can make this terrible
woman tell me what happened to my Jenny. Where is my daughter?
Answer me, you woman of hell!"Mrs.Loomis, "I said," Jenny is on her
way to Tilletsville to bring Dr.Jordan back here to help me prove I'm
innocent of all these charges."58
From the dialogue above when the main character tried to met the
security needs, and wants to gain the trust of the citizens, when Nancy was
willing to be punished by the population for mistakes she did not commit. So
Nancy asked David to come help to explain the truth and who the real criminals
are.
In other situation, in the end Nancy found evidence that Willy Joe had
slandered her and her father, thanks to David Jordan Nancy being able to reveal
the truth and show all to the population. It can be seen in the quotation below;
"If I believed in Satan," I said slowly, "This is the place where he'd find
his kind of sport. I want you to take me away from here today. I want
Jenny to come with us. It's no place for her. Perhaps the village will
change, but for me it never could. My only satisfaction is that they are
innocent man after being deluded into Willy Joe's believing lies."59
From the quotations above Nancy was so satisfied with the enormity that
it was revealed that the inhabitants had killed innocent people after being tricked
into believing Willy Joe's lies, Nancy decided to leave the village because Nancy
realized the village might change but she could never, she could not forget the
58Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 160 59Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 168
46
bad thing that happened to her and it will keep her heart for it Nancy decided to
go from the village with David and Jenny to start a better life.
From the explanation above it can concluded main character life reflected
in the Valley of Shadows Novel by Dorothy Daniels is Nancy Keith's character
in the novel is a protagonist and can be described as the life of the main
character, The Unwanted Woman, The Memory of Father in Cabin, Ambitius
Teacher and also The Undesirable Moment of Nancy.So she must try to achieve
a sense of security that shows that her difficulties in meeting the needs of
security.
4.2The Main Character Fulfill the Safety Need in the Valley of Shadows
Novel by Dorothy Daniels
Nancy needs efforts to fulfil her need. Someone who feels anxious and
over-worried will cause someone to do everything they can to make their life
stable and avoid threats. Nancy Keith gets problem in safety need because she
have threat in her life, she gets in physic and psychology so that why Nancy has
tried to fulfil her safety need. There were two ways Nancy fulfil safety need
include:
1. Commitment
Commitment is based on personal desire for better things. This
commitment is basically a self-ability to link between intention, determination,
and action. The writer found Nancy Fulfil the Safety Need with commitment
47
because Nancy is committed to making her feel safe and live a better life. This is
example in the valley of shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels:
a. The Concealed Identity
There are some problems that occasionally happen related to safety need
in the Valley of Shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels. Nancy hide her identity so
that there was no one know that she is daughter of Jed Merrick because Nancy
thought it make she felt safe to live in sycamore. It can be seen in the quotation
below:
I knew I would have to move with caution. What these people have done
once, they might to again. Especially if they knew my full name was
Nancy Keith Merrick. I must exercise extreme care that they were kept
unaware of that while I attempted to wipe out the ignorance of superstition
that had bred only evil.60
For the first time Nancy come to Sycamore village she has decide to hide
her identity. Nancy needs to get save because she was afraid if the people know
that she's a child of Jed Merrick she will be treated like her father for that Nancy
Keith felt with hide her identity it will make she feel safe. So she needs to keep
her identity.
In other case, Nancy Keith also tried to hide her identity from
Mrs.Loomish. It can be seen in the dialogue below:
You are very kind, Mrs. Loomis, “I said. “Thank you.” “shuck, that ain’t
nothing’, ma’am. “She squinted at me, learning forward in her chair. “I
declare, ma’am, you shorely remind me of somebody. I ain’t shore who it
60Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 11
48
can be.” “I’ve never been here before, Mrs.Loomis.” I laid, a mild
falsehood made necessary because of the circumstances.61
From the dialogue above when Nancy Keith came to Jenny’s house and
met Jenny’s mother that is Mrs.Loomis, even that Mrs. Loomis suspicious to
Nancy because she felt familiar when she saw Nancy, immediately Nancy lied to
keep her identity. She said that she never came to Sycamore village before.
b. Feel Safety
The average adult in our society generally prefers a safe, orderly,
predictable, lawful, organized world, which he can count on and in which
unexpected, unmanageable, chaotic, or other dangerous things do not happen. In
the main character effort fulfils the security needs, the main character went to safe
place that make her felt comfortable, put its afraid as a refuge. It can be seen in the
quotations below:
“The cabin had been well cared for, without the slightest odor of mustiness
or dust. The furniture was the usual handmade, rugged type, but some
chairs were padded and looked comfortable. There was a large fireplace in
the parlor, which had also been evidently served as the dining room, for
there was a long table in the center of it. The walls were plastered and
papered, an oddity in these parts, I knew oil lamps were placed around the
room and there was a spit the fireplace for roasting. The kitchen was small.
However, a black iron stove contained a spacious oven and, behind it, a
water heater, also something not for the mountains. The bedroom was of
moderate size, but with only a single bad. It seemed quite satisfactory.
Two chairs and a bedside table were the other furnishings. The bathroom
was adequate and there were two small bedroom closets. All I required.”62
From the quotations above Nancy felt comfortable enough to live in a
cabin, which cabin with a cushioned chair, a large fireplace and all the necessary
home utensils for her needs, according to Nancy Keith cabin was very sturdy. She
61Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 21 62Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 9
49
felt comfortable to stay in the cabin. It can be seen when Nancy first came to the
cabin and see the house fixture.
Another case, when Nancy and David stoned by someone, they tried to
seek a safe place to avoid attack from someone. It can be seen in the dialogue
below:
“We have got to find cover. Someone is trying to kill us!” we fled across
the cleared area of the plateau and entered the scrub alongside it. There
we again crouched down. “Dave ... what in the world ...?”I began. There
was a hissing noise above me and something struck the trunk of a small
tree with a great impact. “We are under some sort of attack,” Dave
whispered. “Don’t move! Don’t give away our position.”63
From the dialogue above which the situation Nancy and David even that
are they have attack from someone, this people stoned to them. This is
conversation between Nancy and David, this conversation told about they tried to
go safe place so that stone will not come to them.
Another case Nancy and Jenny went to church for met Reverend Haven,
Nancy thought she will safe in church and she felt there was no one will hurt
them. It can be seen in the dialogue below:
“I guess,” she answered sombrely, “I’m scared they’ll throw stones
at us,”“we will be in church, Jenny. If we have faith, we know we
will be protected there, and afterward revered haven will see that no
harm comes to us,”64
63Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 84 64Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 130
50
From the dialogue above Nancy Keith went to church with Jenny for
protection from peoples who try to hurt them, Jenny felt afraid but Nancy thought
that church was safe place to haven for them. Maslow argues, people who feel
insecure will automatically seek stability and will try hard to avoid things or
circumstances are foreign or unexpected.
2. Making Good Relationship
Making Good Relationship is the basis for providing assistance. The
purpose of human relations is to achieve a harmonious life that is each person
works together by adjusting to one another. The writer found Nancy Fulfil the
Safety Need with a making good relationship because Nancy is a person who is
not self-conscious and cares for others. She is very patient with the villagers until
they can believe her; Nancy also has a good relationship with David and her
family so they are able to provide protection to her. This is example in the valley
of shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels:
a. Need Protection
Maslow argues, security needs are often expressed primarily in seeking
safeguards, or strong people who can be trusted. So Nancy Keith asked protection
from other to make she felt safe.
In this case Nancy need aunty Margaret to make she feels comfortable and
safe. It can be seen in the quotations below;
51
“But two be on the safe side, I sat down and wrote a long letter to Aunt
Margaret. I did not go into details, but I did say that there was an
unfriendly element in sycamore and that I was learning some of the details
about my father's death. If someone else, event aunt Margaret, know of my
predicament, whether I imagine it or not, I would feel better and a trifle
safer.”65
From the quotation above Nancy felt she need someone to tell her problem
and Nancy wrote letter to aunt Margaret to explained her problem and her
condition, for that she need aunty Margaret to gave her peace. It was seen when
the main character of Nancy Keith got physical threat of danger, she got a rock-
throwing terror from an unknown person who, for that she recounted a life-
threatening event to her aunt Margaret, she was the only one family Nancy have.
She felt safe after she told her condition and felt a little safer.
In another case, the main character realize that she need someone who can
help her and give help to achieve security, for that reason, the main character asks
David Jordan. Nancy felt David can help reveal the truth, because of that reason
the main character trying to found David and brought him to her. Maslow argues,
security needs are often expressed primarily in seeking safeguards, or strong
people who can be trusted.
"Let go of me!" She screamed."Let go of me so I can make this terrible
woman tell me what happened to my Jenny. Where is my daughter?
Answer me, you woman of hell! ""Mrs.Loomis, "I said," Jenny is on her
way to Tilletsville to bring Dr.Jordan back here to help me prove I'm
innocent of all these charges"66
From the dialogue above show that Nancy ask Jenny to met David Jordan
and brought him to her, the main character tries to met the security needs and she
65Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 33 66Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 160
52
need the trust of the citizens, when Nancy would bring to punished Nancy know
that she need David to help her, So Nancy asked David to came help to explain
the truth and who the real criminals are.
b. Need Relience
The main character tried to meet the security needs, and she wanted to
earn the trust of citizens, when Nancy would be tried by the population due to
assume Nancy Satanists. Nancy effort to avoid the problem but the problem
always came to her life, Nancy realized that she needed the trust of the residents
to her, because then Nancy found it easier to live a more stable and secure life in
the sycamore village. As the dialogue below:
"I am sorry, "I said. "Iwill speak more simple terms. Alva had appendicitis.
You all know what that is. Too many have died from it. The sickness can
not be cured except for an operation during which the appendix is cut out.
Hat is the treatment Alva needed, not poultices of any kind. "How do we
know she is not dead right now?" A man besides Willy Joe asked, do
doubt inspired by Willy. "The last I heard, she was doing well."67
From the dialogue above when the main character of Nancy Keith intends
to help Mrs.Alva, Mrs.Alva had appendicitis, Nancy brought Mrs.Alva went to
the doctor in the village of Tilletsville to get treatment and surgery, but it later
became a disaster for her, even accused her of alleged harm. So this was the time
for her to think about the problem she has done in her life. For that reason Nancy
gathered the population for deliberation and talked to explain to all the inhabitants
the real thing that happened, because Nancy felt it would make the residents able
to hear her and trust her so that Nancy felt free from restlessness.
67Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 62
53
Another case, Nancy thought that she needs a lot of people to support them
to remain in the village Sycamore to go can be achieved and she realized when
she earn the trust of others then she will got more protection for that Nancy Keith
need trust of Mrs.Loomis. It can be seen in the dialogue below:
Mrs. Loomis looked up."I do not mean for no hurt to come to you, Miss
Keith""Merrick," I corrected her."My mother's maiden name was Keith. I
look that when I came here. I want only to clear my father's name and to
help everyone in the village who wishes to be helped. But I must have
some cooperation. Will you answer a question I need ask you? Then I will
leave at once and no one has to even know I have been here. If it worries
you that much. "68
From the dialogue above when Mrs.Loomis be aware that Nancy child of
Jed Merrick who had died of being killed by a resident whom they believed that
Nancy’s father was a devil worshiper and Nancy’s father played an important role
over the life of Jenny. For that Nancy met Mrs.Loomis to acknowledge who she
was and explained her purpose in village to Mrs. Loomis for Mrs. Loomis did not
misunderstand her.
From the explanation above it can concluded that there were three ways
the main character fulfilled the safety need in the Valley of Shadows novel by
Dorothy Daniels they are; She did not show her identity because Nancy did not
want people in Sycamore know that she is daughter of Jed Merrick because she
realize it will endanger her. Nancy tried hard to avoid things or circumstances that
are unfamiliar or unexpected for that Nancy looking for a safe and comfortable
place to shelter and be occupied like cabin and church. She asked protection from
others because Nancy realized that she need people who can help her because that
68Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 115
54
Nancy asked David Jordan to her and she tried making inhabitant trust to her. She
wanted the trust of others because Nancy found it easier to live a more stable and
secure life in the sycamore village.
4.3The Effects of the Main Character Fulfillthe Safety Need in the Novel
Valley of Shadows by Dorothy Daniels
When the people feel safety it means that the people feel stability, health,
well being, freedom, and etc. Nancy has got her need especially safety need are
fulfilled the security of her physical and psychology. So there were two effects
from the Main Character Fulfill the Safety Need in the Valley of Shadowsnovel by
Dorothy Daniels:
1. Self-Confidence
Self-confidence is self-confidence so that it is able to handle all situations
calmly, this is a positive attitude towards a person including the ability to face the
environment and trust in decisions, confidence is more related to one's
relationship with others. Do not feel anxious, afraid or awkward facing many
people. The writer found Effects of the Main Character Graphic the Safety Need
is self-confidence because she has been able to handle the situation and face the
environment calmly and not worry. This is example in the valley of shadows novel
by Dorothy Daniels:
55
a. Freedom feeling
Nancy did not feel worried and afraid again because Nancy has come to
the attainment of her sense of security so that it affects the psychology that at first
Nancy feel afraid, worried and anxious because her security needs are not met
now she was free from fear and she has free to think about her future because her
sense of security has been fulfilled. In this case Nancy go to her father grave
without fear of the population It can be seen in the dialogue below;
I said, “Jenny, will you please fetch the carriage and drive it to the cabin?
We’ll pack up as soon as we can. David, I want to stand at my father’s
grave for a few moments and then I’m through with this village.”69
From the dialogue above show that Nancy has gained her freedom to do
anything without worrying and afraid to villagers again especially going to her
father's grave without fear of the villagers like before, so when things are getting
better Nancy Keith decides to go to her father grave.
In other situations Nancy feels free to think about a better future without
worrying about the threat It can be seen in the quotation; “I’d find myself too busy
for that, married to David, seeing to the proper education of Jenny, and raising a
family.”70
From the quotations above show that Nancy has could to think about her
future, Nancy was trying to foster a better life in the future and Nancy was free to
decide what she would do for the future because her goal has been proven that her
69Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 168 70Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 168
56
father was innocent, so Nancy realized not to go back to thinking about the past
painful. Nancy is confident to think of a better future.
b. Confidence feeling
there were several things that make she felt confident, when Nancy got
help from David so she felt confident, and then when Nancy has achieved her goal
of getting a sense of safety in her, because she felt free from slander and
accusations by residents on her. It can be seen in the quotation below:
“David grasped my arm before I could return to my chair. His arm
enclosed my waist. I even found it possible to look back at Jenny and to
smile with assurance.”71
From the quotations above show that Nancy got self-confidence when
David gave take care to her and David helped her in solve her problem she was
able to smile and that made her little confidence to face peoples who judge her. It
can be seen when Nancy in the place where Nancy was in the crowd of people
who would put her to punish and she was anxious condition but David came to
help and it made her feeling a little better.
In another case when Nancy was no longer afraid to confront the
population, Nancy walked confidently in the village without avoiding anyone. It
can be seen in the quotation below;
71Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 164
57
“Shortly afterward we walked slowly down the street, arm in arm. No one
came out to greet us, to wish us well, to apologize or confess their sins. We
were like two people along in a deserted village.”72
From the quotations above which Nancy Keith felt no worries anymore
because she walks without fear to the people around her because she has gained
her confidence back after she proves that she was innocent as people have accused
her of. It can be seen when after Nancy free from slander because she had gave
evidence that she was not wrong, which it was helped by David Jordan.
2. Happiness
Happiness is a positive psychological condition, Happiness or excitement
is a state of mind or feeling that is characterized by adequacy to intense pleasure,
love, satisfaction, pleasure, or excitement. The writer found Effects of the Main
Character Fulfil the Safety Need is Happiness because she leads to a better life,
satisfaction with achieving it in meeting her security needs and planning a better
life. This is example in the valley of shadows novel by Dorothy Daniels:
a. Happiness feeling
Effect of Nancy Keith when she has get her safety need or fulfilment of
her safety need that was happiness because she has achieved her purpose. Nancy
feels happiness when imagining a beautiful future. It can be seen in the
72Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 168
58
quotation;“I’d find myself too busy for that, married to David, seeing to the
proper education of Jenny, and raising a family.”73
From the quotations above, Nancy was trying to foster a better life in the
future and Nancy was free to decide what she will do for the future because her
goal has been proven that her father was innocent so Nancy realizes not to go
back to thinking about the past painful.
Then Nancy also felt happiness because she had been able to organize a
better life with David. It can be seen in the quotation below;
“It had been a nightmare, but it was over, David fell into step with me and
we walked a little faster, a little more joyfully and happy in the
contemplation of our future.”74
From the achievement of its purpose in meeting the needs of his sense of
security, so Nancy can feel happy. This can be seen when it is revealed to the
villagers that Nancy was only slandered as a devil worshiper who causes her to be
treated unkindly and as well as to be killed from all villagers as well as
individuals who felt resentment towards her father who was voiced to her. So in
the end Nancy felt happiness and Nancy wants to start new life with David and go
away leaving the village for a better life.
b. Satisfaction feeling
Satisfied is a feeling of pleasure, relief, and joy and so on because the
desire of his heart has been fulfilled. Nancy was grateful that she was free from
73Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 168 74Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 169
59
accusations thanks to the evidence they get, the gratitude that Nancy said show
that she met her freedom and was steady in what she felt.
In this case Nancy was grateful for getting evidence for the crime of
Reverend Haven and Willy Joe to residents, for herself and her father. It can be
seen in the quotations: “Thank heaven the old doctor left a record of it,” I said.75
From the quotations above show that Nancy was thankful that she was
satisfied with her fulfilled goal of being free from accusations and free from
threats, when David has given evidence about crime of reverend haven so that she
was free from the accusation it makes Nancy felt grateful and free.
In another case, it can be seen in the quotations;“My only satisfaction is
that they now know they killed an innocent man after being deluded into made
believing the lies of Willy Joe.”76
From the quotations above Nancy felt satisfaction because the population
knew the truth that they had killed her innocent father and Nancy had shown that
Willy Joe was a liar, and all that truth made she safe. And then Nancy also
expressed her satisfaction with her achievements. It can be seen in the
quotations:“I was satisfied, but in my heart there was no sense of triumph. There
never would be.”77
From the quotations above Nancy felt satisfied because the goal has been
achieved, but even so Nancy did not think that made her feel triumph. So finally
75Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 167 76Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 168 77Dorothy Daniels, Valley of Shadow, p. 169
60
Nancy Keith felt calm, peaceful and peaceful because it was not prosecuted by
citizens and free from charges.
From the explanation above it can concluded that there are psychology
effects include four effects of the main character fulfil the safety need in the
Valley of Shadows Novel by Dorothy Daniels such us; Nancy Keith felt free from
threat after her safety need has fulfilment, she felt free in act without afraid to
inhabitant of Sycamore, she free from slander, and she felt free to think about
better future. Nancy felt self- confidence even that David came to give protection
and Nancy felt confidence after free from slander. She felt happiness when she
take through for future with David and Nancy did not want to think about bad past
and Nancy felt satisfied after her purpose had fulfilment.
61
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1Conclusion
After analyzing the data collection from valley of shadows Novel by
Dorothy Daniels, the writer concluded as follows:
The reflection life of the main character in the valley of shadows
novel by Dorothy Daniels, Nancy Keith's character in the novel is a
protagonist becase Nancy is a good character, Nancy has goals to achieve,
and also Nancy is a character who fights villain charactersand can be
described as the life of the main character from life in the village of
Sycamore, the unwanted woman, the memory of father in cabin, ambitious
teacher and also the undesirable moment of Nancy,so she must try to achieve
a sense of security that shows that her difficulties in meeting the needs of
security.
There are four ways Nancy Keith fulfill her safety need such as;
she did not show her identity because Nancy did not want people in
Sycamore know that she is daughter of Jed Merrick because she realize it will
endanger her. Nancy tried hard to avoid things or circumstances that are
unfamiliar or unexpected for that Nancy looking for a safe and comfortable
place to shelter and be occupied like cabin and church. She asked protection
from others because Nancy realized that she need people who can help her
because that Nancy asked David Jordan to her and she tried making
62
inhabitant trust to her. She wanted the trust of others because Nancy found it
easier to live a more stable and secure life in the sycamore village.
There are psychology effects include four effects of the main
character fulfil the safety need in the Valley of Shadows Novel by Dorothy
Daniels, such as; Nancy Keith felt free from threat after her safety need has
fulfilment, she felt free in act without afraid to inhabitant of Sycamore, she
free from slander, and she felt free to think about better future. Nancy felt
self- confidence even that David came to give protection and Nancy felt
confidence after free from slander. She felt happiness when she take through
for future with David and Nancy did not want to think about bad past and
Nancy felt satisfied after her purpose had fulfilment. This shows that security
needs have been fulfilled after Nancy has done various ways to achieve it.
5.2 Suggestion
At the end of this thesis, the writer wants to give some suggestions
for readers about how important safety need in life; First, a sense of security
is an important condition for us, it is an absolute condition for the upholding
of welfare, if it is not fulfilled, chaos, anxiety and fear will be felt by us, so
we should keep our security as well as possible. Second, in achieving their
own sense of security, never give up, do anything to achieve it because there
is always a solution in every problem, God will help those who try to help
themselves.
The last, the writer hopes this thesis will give contribution and add
the knowledge of readers especially to the student of English Literature
63
Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty about hierarchy of needs
especially safety and security need, how to fulfil safety need based on
Abraham Maslow’s theory. The writer hopes that junior of English
Literature students will continue this research with another subject and this
thesis will help them about the theory.
The writer realize this thesis was not perfect yet, this thesis has many
mistakes, therefore the writer expect to the reader for give some critics and
suggestion for make this thesis better
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APPENDIX I
1. The Main Character’s Life Reflected
No Dialogue and words Page and line
1 "I am Nancy Keith." I gave my mother's
maiden name, which was the one I had
chosen to use here."I have been assigned to
sycamore by the country school authority. I
hope I will be able to do some measure of
good here."
Page 4
Line 5-8
2 I was about to identify myself when I
noticed a man standing directly behind her.
He gave no sign of exhibiting authority, yet
I had the feeling he was someone the
inhabitants of the village either feared or
respected. Quite likely, it was both. He was
ruddy faced and of moderate build, with
thin, scraggly hair atop his head. His eyes
were deep set and far too small for the
roundness of his moonlike face. I did not
like the look of his mouth. The lips were
too thin and drooped at the corners in what
appeared to be a perpetual scowl. He
excellent a quiet authority, while the
women who was now facing me.
Exhibited hers in a stern, uncompromising
voice and a rigid, arrogant attitude. Willy
Joe did not look like a doctor, and my
surprise must have been apparent enough
for him to take note of. I quickly recovered
my composure and addressed Mrs.Osgood
and Willy Joe.
Page 3-4
Line 31-34
3 The cabin had been well cared for, without
the slightest odor of mustiness or dust. the
furniture was the usual handmade, rugged
type, but some chairs were padded and
Page 9
Line 25-40
looked comfortable. There was a large
fireplace in the parlor, which had also been
evidently served as the dining room, for
there was a long table in the center of it.
The walls were plastered and papered, an
oddity in these parts, I knew.oil lamps were
placed around the room and there was a spit
the fireplace for roasting.
The kitchen was small. However, a black
iron stove contained a spacious oven and,
behind it, a water heater, also something
not for the mountains. The bedroom was of
moderate size, but with only a single bad. It
seemed quite satisfactory. Two chairs and a
bedside table were the other furnishings.
The bathroom was adequate and there were
two small bedroom closets. All I required.
4 I removed my coat, then selected a chair
from the kitchen and carried it out to the
oak tree and the branch from which a bit of
rope dangled. I stepped onto the chair and
from that perch I managed to reach the
branch. I found the ragged - ended rope too
tightly knotted around the branch to be
untied, but I had prepared for this by
bringing me a knife I found in the kitchen.
Using this, I sawed off the rope. I held it in
my hand for a moment or two, and then
with a shudder I threw it as far away as I
could. I did not intend to have that
fluttering thing in the breeze. Once the
missing end of it has been around my
father's neck. I needed to reminder of what
had happened to him. It was why I had
come back here after all these years. I had
been told of the circumstances of my
father's death once I was old enough to
understand. I had then made up my mind to
become a teacher,
Page 10
Line 3-20
5 "I am Nancy Keith." I gave my mother's
maiden name, which was the one I had
chosen to use here."I have been assigned to
sycamore by the country school authority. I
hope I will be able to do some measure of
good here."
Page 4
Line 5-8
6 I walked with her a ways from my cabin
and watched her move with a light, graceful
step down the road. thought there was
bereaved three years difference in our ages,
I felt like a surrogate mother. Jenny
presented a challenge to my skill as a
teacher, one I was anxious to meet. I spent
some time by lamplight, making up a
schedule for my classes, writing brief notes
of what I wished to do. Without textbooks,
I would have to use my ingenuity. I would
do some teaching, then encourage the
pupils to tell something about themselves.
Get them to think about their future. Talk to
them about the world beyond these hills.
Stir their curiosity.
Page 26
Line 7-19
7 I said, "do not be sure, Mrs. Loomis. David
Jordan is the name of the doctor who
operated on Alva. He will be here to see
how she is, once she gets home again. it
might be wise for any sick people here to
ask for the doctor. It is very dangerous to
depend on Willy Joe. "They were arguing
the point when I walked out of the cabin. I
resumed my walk to the school house.
Nearing I, I will Willy Joe seated on the
front steps. From the begining, I suspected
that what had happened to me along the
road to sycamore was either led by Willy
Joe, or planned by him. He remained seated
so that I would have to walk round him to
reach the door and he looked up at me with
Page 50
Line 27-39
an almost gloating expression.
8 “ we have got to find cover. Someone is
trying to kill us!” we fled across the
cleared area of the plateau and entered the
scrub alongside it. There we again crouched
down.“ dave ... what in the world ...?” i
began.There was a hissing noise above me
and something struck the trunk of a small
tree with a great impact.“ we are under
some sort of attack,” dave whispered. “
don’t move! Don’t give away our
position.”“ attack ? how... who ..?“ i wish i
knew who, but i can tell you how. It’s
someone using a slingshot.
Page 84-85
Line 31-40 and
1-2
9 I walked out quite confused, because in my
opinion the man using the slingshot had to be
Willy Joe. I knew of no one else in the village
who hated me enough to try to kill me. Still, I
have to believe the men who testified that it
could not possibly have been him. At least now
I know there must be someone else to be
guarded against.
Page 94
Line 28-33
10 "Why did you come?" I asked."Is not
saying nothing to you," he replied. You
really believe I'm a witch, or a consort do
not you?""Is not likely you are anything
else, knowing I was here, getting a gun
from no place ..."Why did you come?"I
repeated my question more forcefully.
David said, "I had answer her if I were you
before she puts a spell on you.""I come to
kill you," he said. David held up the
rifle."With this?"
Page 119-120
Line 38 and 1-
8
11 "What do you think we should do?""It
might be drank too much," Dave raised his
voice."Jenny, how often did Willy Joe get
drunk?" "Jenny stepped to the doorway.
"Most every week or." "Do you know
Page 137
Line 9-22
where he lives?""Sure do. Got him a cabin
down the road fire. Is not never got
merried. Reckon is not no woman had have
him. "We could go the cabin," David
said."If we find his clothing and personal
possessions gone, then we can be certain he
left the village. I think we should make
sure. ""I will fetch a wrap. Jenny, "I called
out," you will have to show us where Willy
Joe lived."Ready in a minute," she replied.
12 “It’s unbelievable,” he said. “Are you sure
you feel well enough to hear me
out?”“I’ll be worse if I don’t. Please tell
me. It’s so hazy . . . and I’m so dizzy… I
almost feel ill.”“I’m sure you’ll be over it
soon. Last night, Nancy, someone in the
village saw fires about a quarter of a mile
beyond your cabin. Whoever went there to
investigate-I haven’t had time to find out
who it was-set up such a hue and cry he
awakened the entire village. They flocked
down there to find a ring of fire, emitting a
strong smell of sulphur-and you were lying
in the center of the ring . . . without any
clothes on.”“Naked?” I gasped. “I was
naked?”78“Jenny and I took a walk before
going to bed,” I recalled. “I didn’t lock the
cabin. I never do unless I’m inside.
Someone must have entered and whoever it
was placed some kind of drug . . . in the
milk. Jenny and I both drank milk
we’d bought on our way back from the
churchyard cemetery. You were there.
Remember?”
Page 155 and
157-158
Line 1 and 39
13 "No," I said."No, I will not go. Whatever
happened have have been done deliberately.
An evil scheme to get at me. To revile me,
to make me out in the worst possible light.
But I'll not go until I find out who did this
Page 157
Line 37
and why. "
14 I felt like someone being led to execution as
I walked up the street toward the town hall.
Behind me most of the villagers marched
and yelled imprecations."They're going to
grant you a trial," Reverend Haven assured
me."I got that much out of them. We do
gain time."Thank you," I said listlessly.
Time was moving too fast, running out on
me. I entered the town hall between lines of
people who jeered and shook their firsts at
me. They have been ridden to a point where
any kind of violence is not only possible
but quite probable.
Page 162
Line 21-32
15 "Let go of me!" She screamed."Let go of
me so I can make this terrible woman tell
me what happened to my Jenny. Where is
my daughter? Answer me, you woman of
hell! "Mrs.Loomis, "I said," Jenny is on her
way to Tilletsville to bring Dr.Jordan back
here to help me prove I'm innocent of all
these charges."
Page 160
Line 23-33
16 "If I believed in Satan," I said slowly, "This
is the place where he'd find his kind of
sport. I want you to take me away from
here today. I want Jenny to come with us.
It's no place for her. Perhaps the village will
change, but for me it never could. My only
satisfaction is that they are innocent man
after being deluded into believing the lies
of Willy Joe."
Page 168
Line 12-18
2. The Main Character Fulfill the Safety Need
17 I knew i would have to move with caution.
what these people had done once, they
might do again. Especially if they knew my
full name was Nancy keith merrick. i must
exercise extreme care that they were kept
unaware of that while i attempted to wipe
out the ignorance of superstition that had
bred only evil.
Page 11
Line 1-6
18 You are very kind, mrs. Loomis, “ I said.
“thank you.” “shuck, that ain’t nothing’,
ma’am. “ she squinted at me, learning
forward in her chair. “I declare, ma’am, you
shorely remind me of somebody. I ain’t
shore who it kin be.” “I’ve never been here
before, mrs. Loomis.” I lied, a mild
falsehood made necessary because of the
circumstances.
Page 21
Line 11-18
19 “The cabin had been well cared for, without
the slightest odor of mustiness or dust.The
furniture was the usual handmade, rugged
type, but some chairs were paddedand
looked comfortable. There was a large
fireplace in the parlor, which had also been
evidently served as the dining room, for
there was a long table in the center of it.The
walls were plastered and papered, an oddity
in these parts, I knew oil lamps were placed
around the room and there was a spit the
fireplace for roasting.The kitchen was
small.However, a black iron stove
contained a spacious oven and, behind it, a
water heater, also something not for the
mountains.The bedroom was of moderate
size, but with only a single bad. It seemed
quite satisfactory. Two chairs and a bedside
table were the other furnishings. The
bathroom was adequate and there were two
small bedroom closets. All I required.”
Page 9
Line 25-40
20 “we have got to find cover. Someone is
trying to kill us!” we fled across the cleared
Page 84
area of the plateau and entered the scrub
alongside it. There we again crouched
down.“ dave ... what in the world ...?”i
began.There was a hissing noise above me
and something struck the trunk of a small
tree with a great impact.“ “we’re under
some sort of attack,” dave whispered.“
don’t move! Don’t give away our position.”
Line 31-40
21 “I guess,” she answered somberly, “I’m
scared they’ll throw stones at us,” “we will
be in church, Jenny. If we have faith, we
know we wi’ll be protected there, and
afterward revered haven will see that no
harm comes to us,”
Page 130
Line 34-38
22 But two be on the safe side, i sat down and
wrote a long letter to aunt margaret. I did
not go into details , but i did say that there
was an unfriendly element in sycamore and
that i was learning some of the details about
my father’s death. If someone else, event
aunt margaret, knew of my predicament,
whether i imagined it or not, i would feel
better and a trifle safer.
Page 33
Line 23-29
23 "Let go of me!" She screamed."Let go of
me so I can make this terrible woman tell
me what happened to my Jenny. Where is
my daughter? Answer me, you woman of
hell! "Mrs.Loomis, "I said," Jenny is on her
way to Tilletsville to bring Dr.Jordan back
here to help me prove I'm innocent of all
these charges."
Page 160
Line 23-33
24 "I am sorry," I said."I will speak more
simple terms. Alva had appendicitis. you all
Page 62-63
know what that is. Too many have died
from it. The sickness cannot be cured
except for an operation during which the
appendix is cut out. Hat is the treatment
Alva needed, not poultices of any kind.
"How do we know she is not dead right
now?" A man besides Willy Joe asked, do
doubt inspired by Willy. "The last I heard,
she was doing well."
Line 38-41 and
1-5
25 Mrs. Loomis looked up. "I do not mean for
no hurt to come to you, Miss Keith"
"Merrick," I corrected her. "My mother's
maiden name was Keith. I look that when I
came here. I want only to clear my father's
name and to help everyone in the village
who wishes to be helped. But I must have
some cooperation. Will you answer a
question I need ask you? Then I will leave
at once and no one has to even know I have
been here. If it worries you that much. "
Page 115
Line 24-32
3. The Effects of the Main Character Fulfill the Safety Need
26 I said, “Jenny, will you please fetch the
carriage and drive it to the cabin? We’ll
pack up as soon as we can. David, I want to
stand at my father’s grave for a few
moments and then I’m through with this
village.”
Page 168
Line 33-40
27 I’d find myself too busy for that, married to
David, seeing to the proper education of
Jenny, and raising a family.
Page 169
Line 3-5
0
28 David grasped my arm before I could return
to my chair. His arm enclosed my waist. I
even found it possible to look back at Jenny
and to smile with assurance.
Page 164
Line 21-24
29 Shortly afterward we walked slowly down
the street, arm in arm. No one came out to
greet us, to wish us well, to apologize or
confess their sins. We were like two people
along in a deserted village.
Page 168
Line 37-40
30 I’d find myself too busy for that, married to
David, seeing to the proper education of
Jenny, and raising a family.
Page 168
Line 3-5
3 It had been a nightmare, but it was over,
David fell into step with me and we walked
a little faster, a little more joyfully and
happy in the contemplation of our future.
Page 169
Line 6-9
32 “Thank heaven the old doctor left a record
of it,” I said.
Page 167
Line 23-24
33 ;“My only satisfaction is that they now
know they killed an innocent man after
being deluded into made believing the lies
of Willy Joe.”
Page 168
Line16-18
34 I was satisfied, but in my heart there was no
sense of triumph. There never would be.
Page 169
Line 1-2
APPENDIX II
Synopsis
Nancy keith was schoolteacher she went to the sychamore village
because she had assigned there, previously Nancy lived in the city with
aunt Margaret, the fiirst time in Sycamore Nancy met willy Joe and
Mrs.Osgood, Nancy live in the cabin in Sychamore village, In fact that
cabin is have her own family. her father was death in that cabin because
murdered, he killed by people there.
She did not show her identity because that she did not use name
her father but used name her mother so that the people did not know that
she was the daughter of Jed Merrick and she become teacher there. First
day in the school she met Jenny, Nancy helped Jenny to study and care
with jenny.
One day when Nancy walk slowly in the road in the night,
suddenly she saw Willy Joe went into cabin hurry and she follow him and
she went into cabin, it turns out there was women who groan in pain while
holding her stomach. Nancy wanted to take her to the hospital for help her
but did not allow by Willy Joe because Willy Joe Want to treat her. But
Nancy requested permission from the women’s husband and they brought
Alva to hospital by train.
Nancy met with Dr.David Jordan in the Tilletsville Village and
Nancy become very close to Dr. David they many told about each
other,after that Nancy returned to the Sycamore village using the wagon
lonely. But on the trip she was stoned over and over by someone who
caused her to get hurt.When she walk to school and she met jenny’s
mother and two other girls, they think that satan had do that to Nancy but
Nancy did not bealive it she bealive that Willy Joe had do that because
Willy Joe hated her.
Therefore she invite the parents of student to meeting and they too
invite Dr.David Jordan too . meeting went well. After that Nancy got so
many attack from someone, there was someone want to kill her and she
was slandered so everyone hated her. When all people in Sychamore now
that she was daughter of Jed Merrick and people there so angry and then
do something bed to her. And Mr. Brierly want to kill her. Eventually
when Nancy want to find out the person who has committed a crime
against her she met Willy Joe but Willy Joe was died in his own room with
poison. And then Nancy know that Willy Joe was accomplice someone.
Nancy was poisoned by someone who caused her to be
unconscious and the person doing it made her act as if she was performing
a ritual, Nancy put in a circle of fire so that it all made the people think
Nancy was a devil worshiper and when everyone knew that she was Jed
Merrick's child, they tried Nancy, but thanks to David Jordan's help. David
came to help reveal the truth so it was revealed who had slandered against
Nancy, he was Reverend Havend and also Willy Joe as accomplice, they
also caused the chaos in the village. In the end the people know it all and
get Nancy's goal to make people aware that what they believe were wrong.
Nancy decided to leave the village and live a better life with David Jordan
and Jenny.
CURRICULUM VITAE
Fitri Nurcholis
Student of the University of Islamic State Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin
Jambi-Indonesia
PERSONAL IDENTITY
Nationality Indonesia
Place & date of birth Jambi , 18-01-1996
Sex Female
Address
FORMAL EDUCATION
Year Description
2008 Primary School SDN 10 Muaro Jambi, Indonesia
2011 Junior High School MTS Riyadhul Amien Muaro Jambi,
Indonesia
2014 Vocational High School MAN 4 Muaro Jambi , Indonesia