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Saliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima [email protected] Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine, K., IEEE Trans. Imag. Proc., 24(3):11151126, (2015)

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Page 1: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based Color AccessibilityOpening the Umwelt

Satohiro [email protected]

Reference:

Tajima, S. & Komine, K., IEEE Trans. Imag. Proc., 24(3):1115–1126, (2015)

Page 2: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Background

tajima - consciousness / embedding

Satohiro Tajima (“Sato”)

2007-09 U Tokyo (Masato Okada, Ikuya Murakami, …) Bayes models of vision

2009-13 NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) Image processing, natural stats etc.

2013 PhD (Engineering), U Tokyo

2013-14 RIKEN Dynamical systems

2014- U Geneva (Alex Pouget) + Decision-making, consciousness

Page 3: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Background

tajima - consciousness / embedding

Satohiro Tajima (“Sato”)

2007-09 U Tokyo (Masato Okada, Ikuya Murakami, …)

2009-13 NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation)

2013 PhD (Engineering), U Tokyo

2013-14 RIKEN

2014- U Geneva (Alex Pouget)

11.3.2011: Earthquake 9.0MTsunami

Fukushima power plant accident

Page 4: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

What you see ≠ What others see.

Saliency-based color accessibility

Original image

Fukushimanuclear plant

Deuteranopia (*simulation)

Fukushimanuclear plant

SML

SL

An actual evacuation map for the nuclear plant accident

Page 5: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

1-1.3% 0.02% 1.3% 0.02%

1-1.2% 0.01% 5.0% 0.35%

0.001% 0.03% 0.01% 0.01%

Protanope ∙ ● ●

Deuteranope ● ∙ ●

Tritanope ● ● ∙

Male Female Male Female

DichromacyAnomaloustrichromacy

Color deficiency ~280 million (8% of male)

Common ● ● ●

Color vison polymorphism

SML

Page 6: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

(Viénot et al., Nature, 1995)

Conventional simulation method

Saliency-based color accessibility

Common Protanope

Tritanope Deuteranope

Page 7: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Conventional simulation method

Saliency-based color accessibility

• No objective criteria for image quality

• Simulated color distance Perceptual difference?

(Brettel et al., JOSA A, 1997)

ProblemsCommon

Tritanope

(Viénot et al., Nature, 1995)

Page 8: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

More fundamental problem

Saliency-based color accessibility

• No objective criteria for image quality

• Simulated color distance Perceptual difference?

• Can we compare subjective perceptions between

individuals having different sensory properties?

Problems

SML SL

Page 9: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

More fundamental problem

Saliency-based color accessibility

• No objective criteria for image quality

• Simulated color distance Perceptual difference?

• Can we compare subjective perceptions between

individuals having different sensory properties?

Problems

SML

Umwelt(self-centered world)

J. J. B. von Uexküll

Page 10: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

More fundamental problem

Saliency-based color accessibility

• No objective criteria for image quality

• Simulated color distance Perceptual difference?

• Can we compare subjective perceptions between

individuals having different sensory properties?

Problems

SML SL

Umwelt(self-centered world)

Page 11: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based color accessibility

“Saliency-based accessibility”

• Objective criteria

• Distance in a perceptual space

• Attentional cue as a common subspace of perception

We propose:

A (partial but practical) solution…

Page 12: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Concept

Page 13: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Salience: cue for bottom-up visual attention

Saliency-based color accessibility

(Itti & Koch, Nat. Rev. Neurosci., 2001)

Page 14: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

MethodCommon vision

Uncommon vision

(e.g., deuteranopia)

Page 15: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

MethodDeuteranopeControl

Difference:Lost information

Page 16: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Model outputs

Saliency-based color accessibility

Page 17: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Cf. Dichromatic vision can have advantages in the wild.

Animal Behaviour 83:479-486 (2012)

Animal Behaviour, 73:205-214 (2007)

Page 18: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Experiment

Saliency-based color accessibility

2) Original vs. Saliency-based recoloring

• Participants: 5 color-deficient, 18 control observers

• Task: 2AFC judgement of subjective salience

1) Original vs. Dichromat simulation

Time

“how easily the visual information is extracted from images”

W/ and w/o spatial context:

Page 19: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based color accessibility

Concept of experiment

Original image

Saliency-based recoloring (SBR)

Dichromat simulation (DS)

Page 20: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based color accessibility

Results

Page 21: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based color accessibility

Results

Page 22: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based color accessibility

Results

W/ context W/O context

Page 23: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Saliency-based color accessibility

Results

W/ context W/O context

Page 24: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Applications to TV program production

Saliency-based color accessibility

Improved

Original

Page 25: Saliency-based Color Accessibility - Gipsa- · PDF fileSaliency-based Color Accessibility Opening the Umwelt Satohiro Tajima satohiro.tajima@gmail.com Reference: Tajima, S. & Komine,

Summary

Saliency-based color accessibility

New method to analyze

color accessibility was

proposed,

experimentally evaluated (roughly), and

applied to TV program productions.

“Saliency-based accessibility”

What you see ≠ What others see

What you attend = What others attendBut you can make:

SML SL