sanjeev kumar thesis

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 I.T. and medical information:

Libraries preserve all literature, documents and records of medical science

subjects by the application of automatic in medical college libraries. The library is

a centre of knowledge and always forward to aware the medical scientists about

new publishing documents in two at least cost three are various forms of medical

science collection and involves three major components:

(a) ollection of knowledge produced in the form of print or e!

print version.

(b) "edical data relating to the speciali#ed problems of medical

literature.

(c) $esearch and laboratory literature.

%ince the invention of printing press the knowledge documents were in

printed forms and it was very difficult to retrieve, transmit and processed and

almost impossible to correlate and cross analysis of the information regardingmedical treatment and research. The provision of micro!comports and computer

terminal can e&pend his medical information handling facilities. 'ord!processing

facilities enable the medical users to access their information: moreover the library

internet system has community with telephone of doctors, commuted to an

interactive computer system.

1.1.1 Impact of internet:

omputers, communication and information access technologies have

made revolutionary changes in the process of retrieval, storage and dissemination

of information. nternet is network of more than *+++ networks (*++). They are

also called as cybercaf-, information superhighway, the net and it has enabled


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inter!connectivity at global level. nternet is tool for sharing research data and

information and reached to the hights of global communication and now placed as

a per computer communication infrastructure of the world.

nternet is a continuous access tool and growing at rapid pace in // and in

reach to /0countries. ++ countries accessed in // and reached to /1 countries

in //1.2ow it has reached to all courtiers of the world. Than number of users

have more than times. t has a user basso 3+ millions and 4 millions host

computers. There is mouthed growth +!3 y. for computer hosts. There has been a

the members growth in the area of trans mission speeds at which information data

files are transmitted over the net.

nternet covers a variety of subject fields and areas like business,

commerce, education, culture, finance, recreation science and technology including

medical science. Libraries are repeating internet unlimited and endless. nternet

provides access to variety of resources print and 5!print which include

bibliographical and full teal databases, table of contents of primary journals6

electronic and online journals, books and newsletters, 789, graphic databases,

multimedia, catalogues and campus information service etc. nternet also help in

the services like document delivery service, electronic publishing publicity and

marketing of product and service. t also contribute to integrated access to local

and e&ternal information. t is further helpful to access many variety of

information, i.e. development of open source software by research organi#ation.

The technology on internet are changing rapidly and introduced many other tools

to access information, such as 5!mail, telnet and T8 and consumer oriented

homepage of www ('orld 'ide 'ave) which is a largest information resource of

easy accessing information. 9ll information sources around the world are getting

interlinked through webpage and web servers spread around the world. The web is

subset of the internet using high level protocol (;TT8) and support te&t, graphics,

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audio, video and multimedia. The web is one of the best way of advertising to

make the world know about the individual and the library.

Internet and OCLC

7L has been an important agency for providing access to online journals

over nternet 7L offers peer!reviewed journals online through its 5jo service

over internet. 7L started electronic publication programmed in oolean operators and pro&imity

indicators. The 'indows!based software ?uerdon of 7L provides both color

and graphical images and e@uations along with the te&t.

%cholarly publishing is increasing rapidly on www and internet. Though very

insignificant portion of the worldAs publicly available data is contained in the 'eb

and nternet (a fraction of one per cent), it is estimated that in the ne&t five to si&

years it would be increasing thousand fold and may hold about 0+ percent of the

publicly available data. nstitute of scientific nformation.

8ublishing industry is already e&ploiting the nternet by way of offering online

journals, table of contents of journals, and catalogues of books and products over

nternet. 'ell!known bookstores around the world are offering their holdings over

nternet. t is possible to order a book from, say, >lackwell


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(http:BBwww.blackwell.co.ukBbookshops ), which maintains a database of over

3+,+++ active titles. >ook wire (http:BBwww.bookshops.com) has links to 3+

booksellers and over *++publishers to select publication and to order. 7f particular

importance is the 9c@web, a 'eb site interested for library ac@uisitions.

1.2. INDIA AND INTERNET

The Cnternet feverA has been spreading best in ndia also. 9ccess to

nternet is provided by a few networks which include 5$25T, 225T, D%2L,

225T, ", and !25T from public sector and %8$2TB$8?, > nfptech,

Eatapro, ==25T, etc from private sector. 5$25T, funded by =2E8, is facing an

uncertain future. 9t present 225T is a prime agency providing nternet services.

2 purposes to provide access to about 3,+++ medical, academic,$FE

institutions and organi#ations. 225T established the first ''' server in ndia

allowing users access to browsing tools like "osaic and ello, searching, display,

publishing, Telnet, T8, '9%. The 2ational nformatics entre has established 1+

'eb servers all over ndia by *++3.

9nother e&ample of electronic communication. "5E!"9L, is now being

provided for doctors in the =%9, This service offers immediate communication

and message storage facilities within the medical community, a facility for

ordering documents, and electronic bulletin boards and opportunities for

continuing medical education. "5E!"9L is only part of the services offered in

the ?T5 Telnet "edical nformation 2etwork which is produced in association

with 9merican "edical 9ssociation. 7ther facilities include 2et databases on Erug

nformation, Eisease nformation and %ocio! 5conomic nformation.

There are few changes emerged e&cept perhaps for some changes in the way

that secondary material (and primary, for that matter) is stored. %everal new mass

storage devices are now coming on to the market and the most significant of these

is probably the optical disc. nterest in mass storage has grown because of the great

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http://www.blackwell.co.uk/bookshopshttp://www.bookshops.com/http://www.bookshops.com/http://www.blackwell.co.uk/bookshops


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information packing density that is available, lack of errors generated in use, a

reasonable degree of permanency, and potential cheapness of copies once a master

has been produced.

9 great advantage of the video disk is that it enable the easy storage of

illustration and graphics which are not easily stored in straight magnetic form. or

instance, an average photograph has an information content of about 3 million bits

if in full colour. This is a particularly important consideration in such disciplines as

medicine where photographic illustrations are often e&tremely important. t it

possible on one disc to offer a mi&ture of te&t, illustrations, moving pictures and

sound. 9 recent interesting application of optical disc is the "edical nformation

$etrieval %ervice ("$%) produced by >ibliographic $etrieval %ervices. This

consists of a video disc coupled with a microcomputer to allow users to carry out!

full searches of relevant material and then link these searches to the pictorial

material stores on the video disc. 9t present, the system contains the contents of a

number of standard works and the users are envisaged as being practitioners or

surgeons.

1.1.2 Electronic p!"lication

2ew storage devices and integrated multi!media presentation leads to the

possibility of full electronic publication which is currently e&ercising the minds of

both publishers and librarians. n spite of the great interest in this, the full concept

of paperless publication (where material is input, processed and displayed only in

electronic form) is not at all a new one. or several years many secondary

information services have been available only in machine!readable form, and even

the databases available in "5EL9$% on!line differ in many respects from the

printed version Index Medic us. t is, however, on the primary journal in electronic

form that much recent interest has been focused. 5lectronic publication here has

many potential advantages. 8rocessing electronically offers more rapid input to the

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system, more rapid refereeing and, ultimately, more rapid publication. The primary

literature would be in a form which can be both rapidly scanned in full!te&t and

efficiently retrieved. t would not take up as much room as the conventional printed

version and, combined with fast printing methods, it would offer the most

attractive potential of on!demand publishing.

5lsevier are also involved in another e&periment closely related to electronic

publishing. This is the certain of 5lsevier %cience 8ublishers Library (5%8L)

consisting of a full!te&t database of biomedical journals. The file is restricted to

full!te&t only and contains no illustrations, graphic or tables. This e&periment is

creating a very powerful database for research into the electronic publishing

concept.

There are some drawbacks to this form of publication. 9 further problem is

that not all medical staff, or indeed their information colleagues, have easy access

to the necessary e@uipment to use the material. The structure of the journal article

is perfect for scanning when it is presented in journal format, but hardly so when it

presented as se@uential frame on a visual display unit and this is an area of

difficulty in which substitution are supporting current research.

The major problems said to be in the techno political area if electronic journals

becomes widespread, then it could call into @uestion the established relationship

between various group, especially authors, publishers, booksellers, printers and

librarians. 7ne could visuali#ed a direct author to reader connection, hopefully

through the medium of a controlling body responsible for refereeing standards at

least as high as at present. The position of the booksellers and librarians. s

important if libraries are not part of the chain, however, how will the casual user of

a journal obtain his articlesG 'ill the publishers accept responsibility for keeping

the files of obsolescent (i.e. out of print) stock and indeed, will it be economically

viable for them to do so over a long period of timeG The answers to problems


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depend upon the policy of the publishers in making the material available and,

more importantly perhaps, on the pricing policies adopted.

1.1.# T$pe% of information:

The four areas concentrates on are: types of information: information in the

economy , on!line databases6 2ot all categories of information fall into the tradable

information sector but emphasi#e those which do, for e&ample:

onventional literature such as journals

* ommercial and business data

The media

1 opyright depositories

3 onsultancies

5ducation and caming!including publishing

4 5ntertainment!video, view data and cable television.

..1 ?overnment responsibility: There are four principles which are listed:

t establishes the legal and regulatory framework.

* t is the largest information handling organi#ation in the country and a major

information supplier.

t can act as a national focus, both for national purpose.

1 t can provide direct financial support for technical developments and other

commercial activities.

2o information is free whether traditionally packaged in books or journals, or

based on electronic storage media. 'hat is important is how users gain access to

the electronically stored information. The concept of freedom of access to

information is a very important me. The majority of libraries, especially medical

libraries, provide free access to their stock .The introduction of on!line retrieval or

view data system has to be carefully considered given their long!term financial

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implication. Thus contesting the view that information stored in great public

institutions should be subject to fees if made available electronically (part*.0).

&ome et'ic% %!((e%ted:

1 reedom of access was considered a

* t was recogni#ed that it will be necessary to fulfill the need in a democratic

society the information to be made widely and openly a available as possible.

The commercial factor is a part of information.

1.1.) *ULLETIN *OARD &ER+ICE&

The >ulletin >oard %ervice (>>%) is essentially a many!to!many e!mail system.

The first >>% 'ell ('hole 5arth Lectronic Link) was set up in mid /0+ s by a

group of enthusiasts. 2ow this service disseminates professional information in an

open bulletin board which will be read and commented by users in the field. The

views and critical comments are CpostedA (appended) to the bulletin board which in

turn will be seen by the moderator of the bulletin board server and other

professionals, for further comments, if any. There are two types of bulletin boards,

moderated and unmoderated. Eiscussion group and forums like 89%!L which

discusses the applications of computers in libraries and L%!7$=" (of ll%c)

which discusses the topics of interest to the librarian have been set up on the

bulletin board service.

1.2. ELECTRONIC,ONLINE -OURNAL&

9n electronic journal is defined as any serial produced, published and distributed

nationally or internationally via electronic networks. 5lectronic journal is different

from online journal.

nternet developments related to the publishing of scholarly journals and

LFs include the increase in publishing of electronic and online journals and other

primary sources of information like preprints and technical reports, and access to

table of contents of journals and by full document delivery. %everal journals are

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already available on the 2et. %ome journals like the journal of =niversal omputer

%cience, 5lectronic Letters 7nline lackwell

and Contents irstA of 7L offers nternet access to table of contents of several

thousand journals, followed by online ordering of papers. nstitutions have begun

to take such services into account while planning their ac@uisitions, particularly

journal subscriptions.

"any publishers maintain the contents pages of their journals on

nternetB'''. or e&ample, 5lsevier %cience 8ublishers maintain a table of

contents (called 5%T7!5lsevier %cience Table 7f ontents) of about /++ journals

published by them. The contents pages appear on the 'eb at the same time as the

printed issue is released. 5lsevier also provides this service free of charge on e!

mail (on nternet only) two to three weeks in advance for browsing. >lackwell

%cientific.

"c?raw!;ill is offering electronic version of its Business Week on America

7nline which has resulted in attracting new readers. t receives over half a million

clicks on its pages every week and each CclickA generates revenue. This Cfree backA

enabled editors to analyse and feel the pulse of the readersA interest to revise

content.

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1.# COLLECTION PLAN EDICAL E/RE&OURCE&

"edical educators, librarians, and library users have taken full advantage

of efficient information delivery made possible through 'eb communications tools

and electronic formats.


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;ospital and clinic libraries, whether serving medical professionals, and

researchers or health care consumers, will find plenty of high @uality medical e!

journals, both free and fee based. 8ublic libraries may also choose to collect for

medical professionals, students, and researchers or health care consumers,

depending on the needs of their community. %ome public libraries serve

semiofficially as their local hospitalAs resource library. ;ospital libraries may

choose to serve the needs of local medical professionals.

5!journals for medical professionals, students and researchers may overlap with

those intended for health care consumers. ;ealth care consumers, however, will

need medical dictionaries and fre@uent referral to a medical professional for

clarification of some of the content that re@uires a higher level of education and

knowledge.

2ot only pod casts and vodcasts but also e!journals are popular among

medical professionals, students, and researchers. 9lthough e!journals have not

done well among other subject area library users due to many technical and legal

difficulties in actually using them, medical reference te&t users are able to

successfully use e!journals.

T0PE& O E/RE&OURCE&

"edical e!resources range from basic diagnostic, treatment, and support

information about diseases, injuries, wellness issues, and varying levels of

information about pharmaceuticals for health care consumers, clinical guidelines,

and evidence!based medical research information for medical professionals,

students, and researchers. "ost medical e!resources take forms that can be

described for convenience, in terms of traditional reference source like.

There are medical subject!specific discussion lists, 'eb forums, and blogs for

almost every possible disease or medical specialty. There are also literally

thousands of discussions, for a, and blogs for patient and family support. The safest


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strategy to use in locating patient support discussions is to search "edline 8lus for

the disease, injury, or other problem in which the library user is interested. hoose

one of the organi#ation 'eb sites that "edline 8lus links to and look through the

organi#ation site for information about patient support discussions, for a, or blogs.

This strategy works well for medical professional discussions, for a, or blogs on

specific topics as well. 9 real!life reference @uestion was asked by a library user

regarding situation with family member who has a history of depression and has

been taking antidepressants for a long time. The @uestion related to the news that

the relative was pregnant and the library user was looking for background and

supporting information to help her in helping her relative. The library user didnAt

know what drugs the relative was taking6 for e&ample, she might be taking

antipsychotic as well as antidepressant drugs. %earching "edline 8lus for

Idepression pregnancy supportJ and also for Ipsychiatric drugs pregnancy

supportJ retrieves about a do#en organi#ations that provide information and host

support discussion lists, 'eb forums, and blogs for patients and families as well as

for medical professionals, students, and researchers.

There are a peer!reviewed e!journal, inde&ed by "edline that publishes reviews

and articles about the @uality and use of medical e!resources. t is free and provides

full!te&t access on the 'eb. This e!journal is used by many librarians in reviewing

medical 'eb sites for inclusion in their e!library collection or to use for reference

service.

Library is social institution. The society is reali#ing the importance of information

technology. omputer technology has contributed in general are the tools of new

information environment. t concept was the origin of ?utenberg. These days

libraries have developed their infrastructure and every college library of any si#e

and type are adopting digital collection: but still there are libraries which offer both

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type of collection, print and no print and making efforts to continue with digital

resources for years to couce

The college libraries giving more preference to ac@uire digital collection and

levelalings various systems of purchase of journals, maga#ines and services like

inde&ing and abstracting services and due weight age given towards digital books

(e!books) etc. 5!resources has many advantages for which libraries encourage user

to use e!books. >ut the collection is not limited to digital journals which can be

linked with abstracting and inleving databases. The access may be made by users at

library, home, cybercaf- and hostels. 5ven through the library is not open

physically. The library can maintain statistics of the usage which is not possible in

case print version.

"oreover, it is easy to maintain the e!resources and its maintenance and

process and space cost is low than the print collection. 9ll this change and

transition from print to e!print collection has an impact an library users in technical

college. "r. Thomas arlyle has said true that true library is that which have large

collection but it is not true in modern time of electronic age where technical

college libraries have collection of various type, form and si#e of the interest of the

users.

Today, the library community as a whole is reali#ing that apart from the immediate

practical advantages, computers and information technology (T) in general are the

tools of new information era which was started with ?utenberg. Libraries of all

si#es and types are embracing digital collection, although most libraries still

continue and will continue to offer both print and digital collections for many years

to come. 2ew purchases and purchases of journals, maga#ines, and abstracting and

inde&ing services are heavily weighted toward digital, while digital books (e!

books) are only the beginning to become a presence in library collections. or

dormitory whether or not the physical library is open6 the library can get usage


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statistics that are not available for print collection Libraries prefer e!resource

collections for many reasons, but not limited to digital journals which can be

linked from and to inde&ing and abstracting database6 access can be from the userAs

home, library s6 and e!resources collection are relatively easy to maintain, when

total processing and space costs are taken into account, electronic collection may

also result in some overall reductions in library costs. %uch a dramatic switch from

print collections to e!resources collections has an impact on library users and userAs

perceptions of the technical college. e@uipping the people with necessary

proportion of accumulated knowledge and preparing them for cooperative social

life The duty of making them assessable to those who ac@uire the use of them and

the task of converting every person on its neighborhood in a habitual library and

reader of book. The library is sometimes called as the memory of human race

9ccording to pierce >utler *, ILibrary is a social organi#ation necessary unit in the

social fabric effectively planned and utili#ed for transmitting the accumulated

e&perience of society to individualAs members of the society through the

instrumentality of books and other graphic accounting and holistic materials! maps,

charts, phone records, microfilms, etc. depending upon the nature of clientele and

services, the type of libraries whether academic or special library national library

and contact libraries.

The medical college are special academic institution and plays an

indispensable role in the dissemination of information and knowledge they collect,

store and disseminate information and also performs the laboratory function by

making its resources to be used by the academic community in the learning

process.

"edical college promotes the objectives of higher medical education. 9n

medical is a part of the colleges system and thereby it aims to fulfill the objectives

of its parent organi#ations. >y accumulation and organi#ation of books,

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manuscripts, journals, and knowledge in different formats the technical colleges

serves for the conservation of the knowledge and ideas, an active forces in

teaching, learning process, research and e&tension programmed of the college. The

main objective of the medical colleges is to meet the reading and informational

re@uirements concerning teaching, research and other academic programmed of the

college. Thus, a model medical colleges aim to function as dynamic institution of

medical education. The modern college with a large faculty, tremendous

enrollment and huge resources is in a position to make significant contribution to

different areas of knowledge. ;owever medical colleges have become comple&

organi#ation, in a development country like ndia6 there are e&pectation is that

colleges should produce who are committed to the development of the social

medical patrons.

The fundamental role the library as a dynamic instrument of medical education

is:

• To ac@uire process. 7rgani#e and make available varied types of reading

materials for meeting the needs of different levels of user6

• To guide scholars and provide them the resource useful for enhancement

of research projects6

• To keep the faculty members informed of the latest amount of resources

through in their fields of speciali#ation6

• To establish a information centre in library and render readers advisory

service for the ma&imum use of library resources6

• To adopt nformation computer technology to provide purposeful service

in minimi#ing possible time 6 and

• To keep to authorities informed of the achievement and library output of

the college, to seek support and financial assistance6

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nformation technology has revolutioni#ed the information handling

activities in the technical colleges during the past few years. The information

society demands the following technologies, i.e.

• Literature search service

• urrent awareness services and %E services to keep the readers aware with

up to data with the current advances in the subject field by providing

monthly list of articles or contents pages of journals recently received6 new

accessions lists6 in house abstracting and inde&ing services etc.6

• Eocument delivery services i.e., delivery the physical document to be user

either from the library collection or from other sources. nter library loan

online ordering, photocopying services, support of translation and

communication channels like teltfacsimile, etc.

• $eference service both short range, and long range providing specific pieces

of information and also by searching for current and retrospective literature,

i.e. comple& @ueries6

•

Translation services i.e. either to obtain the re@uired translation copies of theforeign language documents from the translation pools or translation banks.

• $eferral services to the scholars by directing them to the most like

institution, libraries or individuals who possess the involved in information

processing consolidation, repackaging and retrieval be merged so as to

evolve an integrated system6 capable of providing diversified services. n

this direction the automation of individual technical colleges is a first step

rather a pre!re@uisite for the development of such an integrated technical

colleges and information system.


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1.#.2 Le3el% of E3al!ation:

There are two levels of evaluations i.e. effectiveness, and cost!benefit. The

effectiveness should be measured in terms of how well a service satisfies the

demands placed upon by its users. %uch an evaluation can be subjective (e.g.

conducted by gathering opinions via @uestionnaire or interviews) objective (e.g.

the measurement of success in @uantitative terms), or a combination of the two.

There are the ingredients through which the library services can be evaluated on

the basis of gathering data from the users.

ost!effectiveness is concerned with is internal operating efficiency. %uch a

study measures how cost efficiently the system is satisfying its objectives, i.e.

meeting the needs of its user6 it will e&pose the staff efficiency and their credit

facility in satisfying the userAs needs1.

• o!ordination between different levels.

• nformation sources are made available and accessible to every user in the

system.

• =nion catalogue of the total resources should be created along with local

catalogue6 in this connection a computeri#ed online catalogue may prove

more useful.

• The library hours of opening must be convenient of the users.

• =sers awareness of the e&istence of resources available at different

locations, and

• 9ll barriers to access resources must be removed or decreased.

.Collection De3elopment

.. %uitable collection and its collection building is a process of prime

importance for technical libraries. "any users, when asked to evaluate and

technical libraries, will list the strength of the collection high on the major

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criteria. %cience and technology collection are not the easiest ones to

develop successfully in view of the comple&ity of the subjects and cost

involved, the large numbers of choice to make because of the si#eable

@uantity of book and journals from which to select and the difficulty certain

grey area publications such as technical project and reports.

Ta"le/1 medical colle(e%

Table shows the status of e!resources section K of the technical colleges

have no separate section of e!resources, while only 0K colleges have separate e!

resources section.

t is almost impossible for any medical colleges in ndia to build the

collection to satisfy fully since the amount of literature published as seen above is

so enormous and costly. The output of medical literature grows so rapidly that it

would be neither feasible nor indeed reasonable for medical college libraries to

ac@uire and stock all the medical literature throughout the world. =nder the

circumstances, particularly when there are limited funds available a system must

be evolved to ma&imi#e the benefits on low cost without hampering the work of

scientific research and development due to non!availability of the re@uired

information. This problem faced by the medical colleges in =ttar 8radesh also. 2o

doubt there have been separate section established in few technical colleges but

these sections are known as computer sections and only basic appliances have been

0

&. no Partic!lar% In%tit!te% Percenta(e

. %eparate section for e!resources 0 0.+/K

*. 2o separate section for e!resources ./K

Total * ++.+K


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housed for userAs service. There is not a single medical college in =.8. who has no

computer section and running their libraries on traditional methods.

The major problem faced by medical libraries is the non!availability of

selection tools for ac@uisition of medical publications published in ndia and the

world. Eue to the increasing costs of printing materials and technology, the cost of

the medical publication has been raising tremendously3.

1.2.2 &cientific and medical -o!rnal%

t is apparent that scientific and technical journals are of prime important for

scientific and technical libraries. %erials are the key sources despite many problems

involved in selecting, handling and storing such literature moreover periodicals are

the key source of information for the majority of users and specialties.

The networking is a important media to solve the problem to a greater e&tent

as it is based on centrali#ed control system interlinking various local regional

networks of different geographical areas in country i.e.

This could be achieved by a policy for coordinating the ac@uisition of

scientific and technical publications and their distribution among different medical

college libraries because of the following benefits!() the libraries nay avoid

unnecessary work, (*) =nder duplication of material among libraries, can be

avoided and () The available funds for the purchase of scientific and technical

publications can be utili#ed for ac@uiring ma&imum number of publication. The

local libraries should house such material to weet, the re@uirements of their users.

"aterials ac@uired by a technical college should have some relevance with the

parent organi#ation and the potential need of its users. The main library collections

for communication and information services in most of the medical colleges are

books including, periodicals, standards, patents, reprints, trade literatures, maps,

charts, films, slides, microfilms, microfiches, film loops, tapes, etc. 2aturally, due

emphasis is being given for the procurement of those materials. n the present day

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where speciali#ation has become the order of the day, books render only the

fundamental primary information. >y the time books are published, the

information contained therein becomes source of basic nature. The

specialistsBresearchers6 therefore, it becomes imperative to ac@uire relevant

periodicals, proceedings, transactions, reports, etc. 8eriodicals are much more

important books so far as latest knowledge is concerned. Libraries attached to the

institutions of higher technical study and research!work cannot therefore complete

in collection without periodicals. "oreover, the books and periodicals collection

should be of a reasonable si#e so as to serve as a base for any research and

development work in particular fields of their interest. n modern era document as

large material can be stored in a small space and the pilferage may be minimi#ed in

this form. 9t present it would be neither possible nor feasible to ac@uire all the

technical and scientific literature when limited funds are available as the growth of

technical literature is enormous.

n developing countries like ndia, great responsibilities on specialists to keep

themselves abreast of the latest developments on their fields of interest. There is

also a tremendous upsurge in the inflow of literature and it is e&tremely difficult

even for the research library and medical colleges to procure all the relevant

materials.

1.4.2.1 Proc!rement &$%tem

There are many technical libraries, in ndia which prefer to produce periodicals

directly from the publishers. This system involves four stages:

(a) 7btaining proforma invoice from the publishers for particular materials.

(b)%ubmission of proforma invoices along with completed application form to

the >ank for release of foreign e&change.

(c) $emitting the foreign e&change along with order to the publishers in the

shape of the bank draft.

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The system is however, not free from disadvantage, as:

(a) t involves more file work for individual correspondence with each publisher

at all stages.

(b) t is difficult to ascertain about the delivery against payment6

(c) t the supply is not received it takes long correspondence to take refund.

(d)8ublishers generally do not take that much interest for the supply of

materials to the individual party as they take for the agents6

n medical colleges there is insufficient budget6 say less budged for e!resources are

procured out of the budged allotted to books, periodicals or the e@uipments.

1.4.2.2T'ro!(' A(enc$

ollection development through agents is facilities:

(a) The agent concerned consolidates the re@uirement and places centrali#ed

orders on behalf of individual parties6

(b)5asy recoveries from the agent who fails to supply the materials.

(c) The savings of national foreign e&change: as payment is made in local

currency the agents are getting some discount from the publisher, thereby,

saving some foreign e&change of the nation6

(d)ertain ndian agents are now supplying the materials by registered post

without any additional cost thereby avoiding any missing of materials and

(e) %ome ndian agents have now started air!speeded delivery of some their

agency periodicals.

The advancements in information technology, communication technology

and information (literature) e&plosion all together have forced the libraries F

information centers to go in for the changes in the information services. The use of

E!$7" database is fast becoming popular in the technical college libraries.

%ince last years, a few Technical ollege libraries are using the on!line information

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retrieval for rendering the information services. n the *st century many libraries

are likely to use the on!line information retrieval facility for the services.

1.2Information &er3ice%

The information services include the current awareness services and %.E.. service.

The glossary meaning of information service is I9 service provided by, or for, a

special library which draws attention to information possessed in the library or

information department in anticipation of demand6 this is done by preparing and

circulating news sheets, literature surveys, reading lists, abstracts, particulars of

articles in current periodicals, etc which it is anticipated will be of interest to

potential users of the serviceJ. 9lthough the glossary meaning of the information

services gives an idea that these rendered by the special libraries, these services no

more are restricted to special libraries. These services are now rendered by the

libraries of higher and professional educational institutions.

The abstracting service which is an important area of information service is

likely to have changes in its basic structure. 9t present the abstracts are being

prepared and published in the form of abstracting journal by libraries, professional

societies, some private and government agencies etc. There is a delay in the

preparation of abstracts. The printing and publishing of abstracting journals takes

some more time. >y the time the abstracting journals are received by the users,

there is a delay of about si& months.

>ourne observes that, IThe print e@uivalents of some of the E!$7" product

are available in the developing countries. Thus the basic information is available.

;owever the on!line services and the E!$7" products often contain more

sources than available in the corresponding print product. Thus computer based

searching of a database (on!line or E!$7") can provide an answer, that night not

be found in a search of a printed inde&, for e&ample, because of a particular inde&

access point like report number is not provide in the printed inde&, or it might

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provide an answer in minutes to a topic, that would take hours to search a

e@uivalent printed inde&. This is a great way to increase the productivity of a

limited number of skilled professionals. I The use of E!$7" databases and the

on!line information retrieval are e&pected to help a lot, for information services in

ndia, to increase the ma&imum productivity, which is very essential.

The =25%7 publication which is meant to inform about the availability of

the translations i.e.A nde& TranslationalA, which was so far available only in the

print form, is now available on E!$7". t is important to note that this E!

$7". replace the paper edition. This is the e&ample of the highly used publication

from the international agencies like =25%7 publishing the information on the

E!$7". t is e&pected that many such publications from internationals

agenciesBorgani#ations will be the form of E!$om database.

1.4.4 &tandardi5ation of &er3ice

The standardi#ation in thingBinformation service is always advantageous. %ame is

true of information service. The users of information services find it difficult to use

the information products which are not standardi#ed. The standardi#ation in future

will be of great use, if the libraryBinformation centers starts functioning as a centre

of the libraryBinformation network. There are different informationBlibrary

networks being set!up in the country like 2L>52T etc. if the database is

created in the standardi#ed format, it is easy to render the information services. The

standardi#ation is re@uired more now than earlier. The libraries functioned as

almost independent units earlier.

. O"6ecti3e of t'e %t!d$

The proposed study high light the policies and practices of development and

management of e!journals in medical college libraries and e&amine the various

criteria for selection and evaluation of e!resources.

Heeping in mind the objectives may be as follows:

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. To trace the present status of e!journals in the technical colleges libraries.

*. To find out collection development policies of e!journals adopted by the medical

colleges libraries and evaluate such policies and practices.

. To e&plore the current practices of selection and evaluation of e!journals.

.ore 8rofessional ompetencies for Librarians

ounting 8rofessional Eevelopment is an essential part of the medical service

library information professionalAs successful career planning F prospects. The L%

professionals with better person, professional and technological competencies have

great opportunities and bright future in the modern libraries. 9pplication of new

T in to the libraries immediately re@uires improvement of different kinds of skill

and knowledge is essential to learn, improve and develop various kinds of

professional skill, knowledge and competencies.

8rofessional competencies can be thought of as fle&ible knowledge and

skills that allow the librarian to function in a variety of environments and to

produce continuum of value!added, customi#ed information services that cannot be

easily duplicated by others. They relate to the librarianAs knowledge in the areas of

information resources, information access, technology, management and research,

and the ability to use these areas of knowledge as a basis for providing library and

information services.

There is an urgent necessity to learn a great variety of professional

competencies to accomplish the role of professional librarian in the constantly

changing challenging web environment. 8rofessional competences enable

librarians to respond effectively and efficiently to the constant development of new

technologies. %ome of the uni@ue competencies of the L% 8rofessionals are

discussed in the following sections.

7a.8 Tec'nical &9ill%

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t has become increasingly important that librarians keep up with technology and

have certain basic skills. n the current scenario library professional must have the

knowledge of ;T"L, 2etworking, scripting languages, the ability to deal with the

back!end of the 789, the ability to translate library services into the on!line

medium, the ability to troubleshoot basic computer and printer problems, or just a

good healthy knowledge of emerging technologies.

7"8 Online medi!m: L% 8rofessional of medical service libraries need to do

much online these days, way beyond basic catalog and database searching (which

sure isnAt easy either). Librarians have to be able to use search engines and use

them well. They need to be able to find @uality online resources. They need to help

parrots set up e!mail and teach basic nternet skills. They need to be able to trouble

shoot problems users are having accessing online library resources, at least to the

e&tent where they can figure out if the problem is on the libraryAs side or the userAs

side.

7c8 A"ilit$ to tro!"le%'oot ne tec'nolo(ie% : t is just a part of the good user

service provided in medical service libraries. "ost of the time when you are

working in library our user facing problem using the scanner, fi& the printer, and

troubleshoot any other technology problems they may be having. 9s we get new

computers, printers, scanners, etc. then we will need to learn how to troubleshoot

those. The key is just being able to have a decision!tree in your head of what to ask

or try when there is a problem. "any librarians cannot troubleshoot this stuff.

Librarians should be able to play with the technologies in the library, to learn what

problems commonly come up, and to fi& them if necessary, because it is often our

responsibility to fi& them.

7d8 A"ilit$ to ea%il$ learn ne tec'nolo(ie%: There are so many new technological

things at the library that they canAt keep up. 'here we intimated to use new gadget in

library we always asked to T team of that organi#ation to send an e&pert to the library

*3


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to teach library professional how to use it. The best way to play with that technology.

t is hard to learn to use first time that when a user asking you to use it. Learning

about new technology is definitely a skill. 8eople need to learn how to learn about

new technologies without having to ask other people for help all the time.

1.; Need for t'e %t!d$:

"edical college libraries played important part in medical society and

serves its special patrons. 9 medical college library is e&pected to support the

ejectives of the medical college. ts basic function is to assist the medical college to

carry out its programmed and serve the need of the faculty, students of the college and

its research programmed. There is oriented based Iteacher class meow Iapproach and

library is a student resource centre. The library resources meows the documents

ac@uired by the college whether connectional or non!conventional documents and new

instruct vial aids. $eadingAs habits changed and techni@ues changed and thus the

nature and type of resources changed. There is a change in attitude of users and

adopting e!resources in place of traditional resources. 9ll medical college libraries

become computeri#ed.

1. O"6ecti3e% of t'e %t!d$:

"edical college libraries constitute an important segment of the social

institutor, which is responsible for the spread of medical education. ollege have

better opportunities to share the young generation due to constant increase in the

member of students. The followings objectives are:

() To find out availability of interest service in medical sieve educated.

(*)To study the library resources ac@uired for various services in medical colleges.

() To evaluate the library resources.

(1) To study the change in attitude of the users in medical college libraries.

(3) To study Transit from print journals to e!journals.

() To find out library services.

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(4) To evaluate the services and userAs satisfaction in medical college libraries.

1."")

*. T"= medical college F ;ospital, "oradabad (T"="")

. $ama "edical ollege, Hanpur ($9""H)

1. "u#affarnagar "edical college, mu#affarnagar ("2""2)

*4


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3. %araswati "edical college, ;apur (%9$";)

. $awmurti "edical college, >areilly ($9"">).

4. 5ra "edical college, Lucknow (5$9"L)

0. %autosh "edical college, ?ha#iabad (%92"?)

/. hhatuapati %ahuji "aharaj medical college, Lucknow. (;"H)

+.;evid nstitute of medical science, >arabanki (;2">)

.%harda "edical college, ?r. 2oida (%;9" ?r)

Reference%:

*0


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eduroke,s. (//4). IThe 5lectronic age, documenting electronic collection decries.J

$logging it into Them: 'eb log in nformation

Literacy nstitution.J ournal o! "i#rary Administration 3.!* (*++): +!3. 8rint.

Eale. 8enny.J 8rofessional 5ngagement!the %ubject %pecialist in ;igher 5ducation .”

Su#$ect "i#rarians% En&a&in& with the "earnin& and 'eachin& En(ironment.

5ds. 8enny Eate, "an ;olland and "arian "au hews. ?uildford: 9sh gate. *++.

8rint.

?odwin. 8etel.Jnformation Literacy and the nternet ?eneration.J Library and

in!ormation )pdate. (*++4):!/. 8rint.

*/

http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/eds/eres/index.htmlhttp://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/eds/eres/index.html


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;errington, oulos, "aged 2, and stece 'heeler. IThe 5merging 'eb *.+ %ocial

%oftware: 9n 5nabling %uite of sociable Technologies in ;ealth and ;eath are

5ducation.J +ealth In!ormation and "i#raries ournal *. (*++4) : *!*. 8rint.

Leufer,Therese. I%tudents 8erception of the Learning 5&perience in a Large lass

5nvironment.J

,urse Education -erspecti(es *0. (*++4): **!*. 8rint.

5indstrom, arbara, etal. I5res: nnovative 5!Learning with 5!resource.J e$es.*++0.

>ournemouth =niversity. 8rint.

7pen =niversity. I7pen learn.J *++/ .'eb. 3 %eptember *++/. (http:BB open learn.

7pen.a.c ukB).

$agneskog. ;ans. 9nd Linda ?ardner.J ompetence in nursing nformatics 9mongst

2ursing %tudents and %taff at a 2ursing nstitute in %weden.J +ealth In!ormation and

"i#raries ournal *.* (*++): *!*. 8rint

$owe!lended Learning into a >iomechanics =nit:ase

%tudy *.J e$es.*++0. 'eb. "ay *++/ (http:BBwww. bournemouth.a.e uk.eds eres

documents erescasestudy *pdl).

%ecker.


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%tanley ,Hirsty. Iollaborative Learning in a irst!Mear 7ccupational Therapy %kill

=nit: ase %tudy 3.J e$es *++0 . 'eb 1 "ay *++/. (http:BB www. bournemouth. 9c.

=kB edsB eres B documentsB ere cast study0. pdf). Taylor, 9lison. IThe =nreel =s baby!

riendly nitiative O 5&ploring the sharing the 5vidence: ase study 0. I e$ es . *++0

'eb. "ay *++/. (http: B B www. >ournemouth. 9cuk B eres B edes B document B

erescaststudy0. pdf). 'eerts, %allv, Eeborah mirror, and andrea altice. I licker C

ITechnology promotes ntractive in an =nderground 2utrition course. Ijournals of

nutrition 5ducation and >ehavion : *. (*++/) : **4!*0. 8rint.


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C'apter 2

Re3ie of literat!re

Earlington, Linda (/01) stated that information technology penal report is

concurred with library and information science. t is a ?ovt. document and focuses on

use of information technology. The report comprises high technology for academic

ciaos and recogni#e the activities regarding provision of online technology.

8erry, >.y new information technology, there are facilities like word!

processors, computers, mass storage devices and various types of computer likes to

provide fast and efficient information storage, processing retrieval and transmission.

The "5EL9$% database was one of the very first to become machine readable!and

searchable. t was the first database available online. "c seav, Teny and Tsafrir, . (/03) stated that 9L9 (9merican Library 9ssociation) has established

professional ethics and code of professional conduct and discussed with particular

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reference to the responsibility of librarians who are working without the conte&t of

medical health service.

'ebb, $eneta, 5. (//3) described that health science libraries are specific libraries

for special services. ;e recogni#ed the changes in the attitude and change in health

science librarianship. "edical Library 9ssociation form a task force on knowledge

and skills to identify the changes re@uired during *st century. The article focused

education policy and initiatives taken by medical science libraries.

hapman, Li#. (//3). Eiscussed about moti vatai among professional staff and the

librarian as manager of the library as he manage the library in current conte&t of

library work. ;e also take practical solution for pasture achai. ;e further go through

some reasons and its conse@uences also its cure for the general malaise of professional

stagnation in libraries. The problems are fairly receipt which draw attention.

%ridhan, ".%. (//3). Eescribes various factors which effect collection development,

its scope, definition. ;e further discussed the process of policy of collection

development and highlights the importance of the policy collection development

manually. ;e e&plained the present peculiar circumstances and backgrounds of

documents ac@uisition transition in libraries . ;e pointed out many problems

concerning to section of documents and procurement process of documents. ;e

further discussed various types of vendor!controlled order plans and also their merits

and demerits. The to microforms, technical reports, order plans and general

subscription.

"oserthy, 9. Lakshman and Harisidappa (//). The author briefly discussed about

various facilities available over internet. ;e discussed library environment in digital

era and the contribution of internet. ;e debt briefly the assessing web!based

information, scholarly publishing and electronic journals on the internet. ;e further

discussed library network and the internet in ndia. ;e finally discussed the role of

internet in commercial publishing.


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Eonaldson, Herver and "ackay, Eonald (//4). Eiscussed various aspects of world

wide web and health information services which has accepted the challenge in

creating world wide web in information era. ;e gave an e&ample of ;5>%'5> and

its site in health education for %cotland. ;e also presented the out come of the project

and its possible future in accessing information by users.

"acHay, Eonald and Eonaldson Herr (//4). Eiscussed specific issues relating to

world wide web and health information service. ;e also e&plained the practical

change and discussed with particular reference to ;5>% web site of ;ealth 5ducation

>oard of %cotland the further presented the outcome of the project. ;e gave an

account of e&pected future developments.

;edges, T."ark (//4). ?ave a second thought about information computer

technology. ;e discussed the @uestion values and future of digital world and the

challenges before the libraries of "edical %cience. ;e complained of the back of

cynicism. ;e was of opinion that learning is not a fun but a tool of discipline and

handwork. nformation is power giving latest knowledge and librarian is a powerful

source of service.

;usen, 9lisabeth (//0). The author described the cooperation between 5uropean

libraries. ;e e&plained the achievements $59;L and the activities done. 59;L was

established in /04, since than working for professional development. t also

improved the cooperation efforts and e&change of e&perience among its members. The

author described few aims of 59;L and consolidated some of important aims. ;e

refused si& aims and suggested in its conference. "oreover, he stressed on the

development of efficient network system for the advancement of communication and

information among he established for cooperation with medical and health science

libraries in east and central 5urope.

armer,


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the information of health care sector and en@uired their views about what they

consider education and research need of the profession. ;e further tried to know their

opinion about library and information science education. rom the survey it was found

that student faced library facilities due to lack of time and resources. ;e advised to

make practical so what of the problem and encourage greater understandings and

working relationship and to achieve the benefits of academic practitional and librarian

liaison.

%harma, %umit (///). The author discussed the outlines and feathers of information

technology and its impact on the society. ;e discussed in detail the role of information

technology in social environment. ;e further discussed information technology

environment and the matching role of the librarian in * st century. The case study

gives complete view and status of impact of .T. on defense service library, a

speciali#ed library of E$E7. t further discussed various library activities and service

defense science library and effective use of .T. to provide better service and defense

library services.

%atija, ".8. (///). Eiscussed about technical services which and provided with the

help of skills and professional efficiency to provide users services in libraries. "edical

%cience libraries provides technical services since their evolution. Technical services

home evalned making use of available technology of the present era. Technical

services are also necessary to help libraries to accomplish their nausea of connecting

users with the re@uired information. 2ew technology provide special opportunities

e&tensively and improve gnalitative library services to users. 789 is a searching

capability and capacity and versatile mechanism. lassification has its new role to

play in designing, searching and managing electronic databases. The author discuss

and cited 5lectronic version of dev&y to illustrate the role of information technology

in editing and publishing classification schedule.

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9naguostelis, >etsy (*+++) stated that there has been increase of information in

electronic format. t includes 5!books which has been accessed in 2ational 5lectronic

Library for health. 9rticles in electronic form on online series are used and known as

wa& technology, has been used for a specific purpose. ;owever, while connecting

print format in electronic format, there are many issues arise. The author suggest

possible model for change which will enable information provider to achieve such a

transformation to optimum effect. The author concluder that 2eL; will need to

provide direct and customi#ed support to information providers.

>urden,huistine (*++) described that >ritish libraries are adopting technology for

all activities and use of e!journals. There are real changes facing by >ritish libraries in

use of licensing issues for legal deposit of e!materials. 9 code of practice for the

voluntary deposit of non!print publication in between publishers and legal deposit

libraries covering offline electronic media. The deposit serial issues is still rising. 5!

journals are purchased for many reasons, like reading room reference, and remote

document supply and statistics.

$ook, $omany and 9ds head, inal (*++.The author describe the development of 34

?eorges ;ospital medical school library public ;ealth information service. 9 project

was started in //4 started training programmed. 9 post of public ;ealth librarian

evolved and service was described. The librarian 3 lab as part of the public ;ealth

network was also discussed. 9 public health information model was provisional which

made best use of available funds. The L% model was provisional for effective and

efficient way of ma&i missing resources and delivering a service to a speciali#ed user

group spread across a wide geographical area.

Luce, $ichard 5 (*++). Eescribed Los 9lmos 2ational Laboratory where 5!print is

an reparatory for electronic various of papers in physics and mathematics. t is an

rapid and convenient way for scientists. The 5!print or PD worked as part of its


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library with out walls. The anther again traces the development of or PD and its

application in libraries.

Ee ?rootr, %andra L.and Eorseh, ut there are difficulty

in using online journals which are only available cure while selecting the journals

based on @uality and convenience of availability.

"c ?racker, 8eter (*++) discussed that during past two decades 5! journals emerged

Q published in large number to access electronically. >ut no research was undertaker to

know the actual status of increase in number of journals and compared the position

with the total number of journals. They receive through many sources including the

print. %erial solution inc. suggested an analysis to compare the e!journals a library is

tracing in comparison with number of print or microfilm titles they have. The author

present a comprehensive analysis about the journals of various types of libraries are

accessed electronically rather than in print. f data collection is improved more

accurate reason can be taken up and provide a basis of study of the growth of

electronic access of the journals and e&pected reduction in print access to journals.

"aheshwarappa, >.%. and 5bna#ar ., 5mmanuel (*++) studied on the use of

internet resources and services in ?ulbarga =niversity. n this study they found a great

deal of first time and e&ploratory use of nternet in ?ulbarga city. urther study is

re@uired to see if patterns of use change as a function of time and user satisfaction

increase.

H. "anjunatha and %hivalingaiah (*++) revealed that in the age of digital evaluation

escalating price of electronic information, resource sharing is critical for effective

functioning of libraries. ncreased availability of information in digital format and

high costs of journal subscription compels the libraries to work together. Technical

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advancements provide a platform for digital resource sharing and offer many

opportunities for librarians to become more technical and professional. ;is work also

attempted to identify the needs and factors influencing the electronic resource sharing

and presented re@uirements and strategies for effective resource sharing in university

libraries.

Dohra, $anjana (*++) that in the current electronic information environment

emphasis is towards e&cellent collection than large collection and development

effective means of gaining access to remote databases. Today nternet has established

itself as the store house of all worldsA resources in the electronic form. The paper

e&amined the impact of the information technology on libraries, especially

development of digital libraries. nternet, electronic publications, E!$7"s etc.

5lectronic information resources have brought in new system of storage, retrieval,

preservation and conservation and computeri#ed information system and services.

8olicies and programmers relating to collection development should be in the conte&t

of current information environment.

2arayan, 8oornima and .$.2. (*++) stated that electronic information sources

are the prime attraction of readers in todayAs networked environment. t is e@ually

evident that it is difficult to know what information e&ists, what format it is available

and where to look for it. "any search engine, directories and virtual libraries facilitate

retrieving information re@uired from web sources. reation of oneAs own library

website plays a significant role in providing single point access to e!$esources created

with in and also available elsewhere free or against subscription on internet.

%ingh, %.8. (*++) emphasi#es the need of knowing, how to evaluate E!$7"s and

online reference sources, enumerates the important characteristics of reference sources

and finally describes various criteria in detail which can be used for evaluation of e!

$esources. %he also stated that for evaluating e!$esources, one should be very critical

of any information found on web, and it should be carefully e&amined most important

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thing about internet sources is to know links given to other web pages are current as

well as the @ualitative in nature.

2yamboga, onstantine ". and Hemparaju, T.E. (*++) discussed in their

paper that the challenges posed by the accelerating pace of change in the world of

information especially in developing countries and stresses the importance of

managing the change by focusing on collection development (inclusive of electronic

resources), training and development skills of the information professional and also

library users. t also e&amined and provided general views on how libraries and

information centers should approach the situation in order to accomplish and ac@uire

at least simple electronic resources while talking into consideration the library and

information policy.

Level, 9llison and "yers, %arah (*++) observed that activities to users are an

important and on going component of every library. 'ith intranets and web authoring

tools, digiti#ing the collection development workflow enables libraries to have an

increase level efficiency and accessibility. This article made the outline, creations,

development and implementation of web accessible collection development tools.

These tools integrate procedures, forms, policies, and library organi#ation websites. 9

coordinated website may consist of online tools, web resources, 'ork O flow

processes, instructions and other information for selectors and library staffs as well as

information for library patrons.

Er. %. 9. 2. namdar (*++1) stated that the conventional libraries are now in

transforming phase. The techni@ues of accumulation gathering of information,

processing it and way of disseminating it among the readers have also drastically been

changed. The librarians, therefore, have to get ac@uainted with the new trends of

fruitful training on library automation and electronic information handling which they

are lacking. 9n attempt has been made to draw a strategic plan for electronic

information handling for library professionals. ;e also suggested some points to the

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librarian for information handling technology strategy are undertake a systematic

assessment of readers information competence to develop a bench mark, develop a

model list of information competence skills for readers, develop pilot information

competence programs course, utili#e computer software that enables the librarians for

information competence and develop a workbook and checklist to assist the

subordinates for information competence.

8erry, >.


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information resources rather electronic information resources suches E!$7", or

other data based.

raft (*++4) %tated that interest is a prime source of medical science information. t is

also a book to medical education. There is another sources available on internet is pod

cast which is an important source of access current information in the field of medical

and health and medical professionals. 8od cast has a wide topics and @ualities. 9ll

medical college libraries are using the pod cast as educational tools and study did to

students. 8ublisher are creating pod casts for audio purpose to the printed teet.8od

casts is also used by professional organi#ation to broadcast news to members. 9ll

famous companies and organi#ations are offering for continuing medical education

programmed and patient education programmed.

'akham, "aurice (*++0) the author traces the course of health librarianship in =nited

Hingdom. t has been developed by newsletters, minutes and reports of the events

organi#ed by =;%L. ;e represented the views of the working of health librarian in the

=niversity sector. t also developed professional development through newsletters and

networking opportunities.

9hmed, 8arve# (*++/) discussed the core competence of library and information

science professionals as leader or manager of the organi#ation. The author found more

silvinarity than differences6 ;e outlived the professional skills and new technology

needed for the professionals and managers of library service.

9sha, ut their are!few reasons

for hampering research in ndia like non!availability of ade@uate journals. There is a

communication gap between librarian and medical fraternity is another reason. The

author concluded through this survey that librarians should come forward to aware the

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students visit to medical college library and an effective policy should be framed for

the better and proper access of the journals.

avalery, 8iero (*++/). $eported the e&periments about the publishing an open access

journal and learn out of it about large field of open access publishing. ;e eited the

e&ample if 5uropean ooth (*++). Eiscussed about clinical librarian in medical and health

libraries these librarians have been in e&istence for over 1+ years. 'hile e&amining

the position of medical librarian, it page a challenge to rigorous evaluation about their

population, intervention, comparator and out come, characteristics in wide evaluation

frame work. ;e further suggested that the development within health research aimed

to evaluate comple& intervention.

%iegal, $.5lliot and Eonald,9.>. (*++). Eiscussed a collaborative project to identify

interactive on hence mew to conventional print journals and their articles and evaluate

their contribution to patrons for their learning and satisfaction. ;e hypotheses that the

articles of journals would yield more knowledge than the original article. They

contribute to ac@uisition of knowledge and for the enhancement to the original article

and would increase userAs acceptance.

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'illiam, 8eter and 2icholas, Eavid (*++) discussed the scholarly behavior about the

use of electronic journals. ;e e&amined the use and impact of the availability of

journals. 5!journals have specific comity. t was resulted to huge rise in availability of

e!journals. There are mi&ed findings about fate of print journals. 5!literature is

accessed keyboard searching with subject gateways and search engines and all other

used by publishers platforms, alerts and other ways to find literature. The value of e!

journals has been shown gaining new height and insists. t also help in teaching in

measure of time, cost. There are barriers in using e!journals such as (a) 2on!purchase

of titles by the library (b) year (c) volumes which are not available electronically.

Hattirmani, $arashuram %. (*++).Eiscussed nternet as a source of information.

nternet and online resources provide access to various types of information. The

information available on internet are verities from primary to tertiary sources. >ut the

authenticity and value of online information remain @uestionable. There is a need of

@uality awareness. t needs users a value!added information. There are difficult

information sources of online accessibility, format, style and arrangement from

traditional resources. ;ence users are e&pected to adopt different approach to access

and use of online resources. ;e further discussed online information seeking behavior

of library users. The author gave more emphasis on @uality consciousness regarding

online information resources and the library patrons and the internet use.

8all, Eeveyndr. (*+). Eiscussed various features of collection development policies

and selection catered of library materials in changing environment. There are

increasing patter of electronic medium and communication technology in developing

counters. ;e identified the changes to integrate the issues of collection development

and management of electronic resources. ;e also discussed various issues of

collection development and policy applied. ;e discussed the conditions prevailed in

ndia regarding collection development.

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Reference%:

Eorrington, Luida (/01).Jnformation makes the 3 headlines. 9 summary of T98

$eport and commits of Lib. 9s so, the nsit of nf. %cience, the >ritish Library and

9%L>.J ;ealth Lib. $eview. Dol.6 pp3!/.

8erry,>..(/03). I5thics of information giving +3: The librarians view.J ;ealth

Lib.$eview. Dol.*6 pp.+3!+4.

reedmam,;adassa (/03). I9 survey of the use of 'hittington ;ospital "edical

library.J ;ealth lib. $eview. Dol.*,/036 pp/!40.

'ebb, $eneta 5. (//3). I8lateform for change: The medical Lib. 9sso. $esponse to

the professional development challenge.J;ealth Lib.$eview. Dol.*,//36 pp6*!*4.

%ridhar, ".%. (//3). I8roblems of collection development in special libraries.J L%

observe. Dol.*,2o,//36pp.1!*.

hapman, li# (//3). Ismk or swim * motivating library staff in a time of career

stagnation.J ;ealth Lib6 $ev. vol.*,//36pp.!4.

"aorthy, 9 Lakshman and Harisiddappa, .$. (//).Jnternet and its impact on

library and information centers.J E5%E75 '7$H%;78. >angalore6E$T,

//6pp.!4.

;odges, T."ark(//4). IThe nformation frontier6 report on / th annual meeting of

the medical library association.J ;ealth Lib. $eview. Dol.1,//4.pp.11!33.

"ackey, Eonald and Eonaldson, Herr (//4). I;5>% 'ell creating a world wide web

health information service.J ;ealth Lib.$eview. Dol.1,//4 pp.44!0+.

Eonaldson, Herr and "ackey, Eonald (//4). I;5>% web creating www health

information service.J ;ealth Lib.$eview. Dol.1,//46pp.4!0+.

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armer,


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$oor $ose mary and $ashead, iama (*++. I8ost graduate training in public ;ealth

"edicine: ;ospital medico school library public health nformation service. I ;ealth

nfo: and libraries journal.vol.0,*++6pp.0!11.

Luce, $echard (*++. I5!print intersect the digital library: ndia theLos 9lmos or

&iv.J 5!prints interest the digital library. RBBB?:BparulBparrl*S

Ee?roote %andra, L. and $, vol.3,*++6pp.*4!1.

"ashes warappa, >.% and 5bra#ar,.(*++). I =se of internet resources and services

in ?oldberg city an e&planatory service.J %$5L%


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>edi, E.%. Dats, ?eeta (*++3). I5lectronic publishing 5merging trends.J

. (*++). I Eefiring the not generation journal: The

2L"! 5lsevier interactive publication e&periment.J nf. %ervice and use.

Dol.+,*++6pp.4!+.

Hattimani, 8arashuram, %. (*++). I uality awarness of @uline informatic resources:

9 study.J


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8aul, Eilyendr (*++). I collection development and selection criteria for electronic

materials: ndian perspections.J nter.


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C'apter #

Electronic Re%o!rce%Electronic Re%o!rce%

The electronic resources of information are proliferating at an alarming

proposition in the last decade. %everal types of electronic resources have been noticed

with the advantages over traditional resources. These are increasingly ac@uired in

libraries, particularly those are available in web enabled medium. ;ence, knowledge

on the!resources is essential to those who are in information handling profession.

The introduction of electronic resources can be traced to the /+s with the

development of machine readable files such as 5$ and an early version of the

2ational Library of "edicine online database. n the /4+s 7L and third party

online database vendors, such as Eialog, >$%, and 7rbit, became standard sources.

The /0+s saw the arrival of personal computers, online public accesses catalogue

(789s) to replace the card catalogue and databases on E!$7"s, housed on

standalone workstations. The early //+ saw the arrival of local area networks

(L92s) to replace standalone workstations. The mid //+s brought the latest changes.

'indows and the nternet. >y the late //+s many 789s and E!$7" based

databases became available in 'eb!based system. 9nd many services became

available via remote access to patrons outside the library. The increased reliance on

electronic resources was accelerated by decisions to cancel subscriptions to the print

versions of sources that became available electronically and the increase of technical

to access them.

E/Re%o!rce%: ?'$

"any developments have been noticed over the years with respect to the electronic

resources publishing. 8ublishers are interested in the issues such as publishing costs,

changing readership, changing user e&pectations, right management and archiving.

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9uthors and corporate institutions are now resorting for self!publishing, new models

for scholarly publishing, @uality assurance, rights management and archiving. n

universities researchers prefer to have easy access to comple& information space,

including easy access to full te&t and reference linking. 9bstracting and nde&ing

services have started to manage the impact of electronic publishing on their print!

oriented practices, and to implement reference linking and other value!added services.

9ggregators, a relatively new industry, have the problem of managing content from

multiple sources, providing reference linking not just within their own service but to

other content providers, ensuring completeness, and rights management and archiving.

5ngineering ollege libraries have the challenges of keeping up with the flood of new

content and new options, providing their users with easy access to information

wherever it may happen to reside, rights management and archiving.

The electronic resources on magnetic and optional media have a vast impact on the

collections of 5ngineering ollege libraries. nitially it was started with secondary

databases and gradually accepted for primary resources are available only in

electronic forms.

>achmann "oorthy and Harisidappa opined that the impact of electronic publishing

in general and e!journals in particular are four fold. These are more useful due to

inherent capabilities for manipulation and searching, providing information access is

cheaper to ac@uiring information resources, savings in storage and maintenance, etc.

These offer a variety of capabilities to enhance the @uality of services offered by

library and information centers.J The types of 5lectronic $esources include:

• >ibliographic nde&es: These files contain information that leads the user to

other material, rather than being an end in themselves. 7ften, these are

electronic versions of e&isting print inde&es.

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• ull te&t and primary inde&es: =nlike bibliographic inde&es, these files contain

most of the material references. 7ften they will be a combined bibliographic

and primary inde&. 5&amples include Le&is 2e&is and 8eriodical 9bstracts.

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course, by desktop access i.e. a personal computer or notebook. There is a great range

of reading devices on the market. %ome can support images and technical materials.

There are varying screen si#es, different weights and memoryBstorage capacities.

E/*oo9 &oftare 9n ideal screen technology for e!books should display *++!++

pi&els per inch before @uality matches paper. urrent e!book devices offer only just

offer ++ pi&el per inch. >oth adobe and "icrosoft have been working too produce a

more comfortable reading e&perience by producing software that smoothes out the

jagged edges of characters and makes te&t appear sharper. The adobe e!book $eader

software features the ool Type font!technology and two!page layout. "icrosoft has

an e@uivalent using lear Type technology. >esides the major e!book producers have

their own software and they are essential when users go for their publications.

9 number of surveys of e!book standards and formats are available in the public

domain. 'hile the 75> provides a specification for the content of e!books, 5>P

focuses on rights management. $epresentatives of the 7pen e!>ook orum and the

5lectronic >ook 5&change 'orking ?roup have developed a plan to combine the

efforts of both organi#ations.

E*@

The 5lectronic >ook 5&change %ystem is supported by the 9L9, 9dobe, Dersa ware

and others. t is a technical specification for the copyright protection and distribution

of e!books.

Oni

The 7ni& (7nline nformation 5&change) %ystem is now widely adopted as a standard

defining how to describe e!books for the book trade.

Pre%er3ation

5!books is the natural priority of libraries for preservation. 9s information

professionals are interested in developing an ideal e!book collection, the preservation

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generates more debate. The act of keeping a copy such a back up is not permitted as

per copyright and many ways of preserving digital content is not applicable or e!

books. Eigital content is fragile and prone to have many other problems. Losing the e!

book due to system factors may not lead to get another copy of them.

The global effort to have better preservation of e!books is addressed and discussed by

many bodies such as


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medical sciences, their varying level of information. "ost medical 5!resources take

forms in tires of medical reference sources like abstracts and inde&es, table of contents

service including those with full te&t of the medical journals.

#.2.1 E/6o!rnal% from %election to acce%%

hristine >urden a , 9ndrea $eid a . ennett b 9ndrew >raid b

and the medical college libraries is currently integrating electronic publications into its

general collection strategy. 9 formal collection development policy should be formed

as under active discussion and should be published for specialist. %electors use

e&isting curatorial e&pertise to select suitable resources the traditional policies as to

scope content and level and the identification of new electronic resources has become

an integral part of selectorsA jobs. 9 wide variety of material is selected (full te&t.

inde&es. databases, bibliog

sanjeev kumar thesis

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