santhal tribe

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Tribe: ‘Santhal’ By: Ashish Gupta (1551) Megana C K (1564) Nisha Singh (1571) Sakshi Patidar (1576) Shraddha Agrawal

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Santhal

Tribe:Santhal

By:Ashish Gupta (1551)Megana C K (1564)Nisha Singh (1571)Sakshi Patidar (1576)Shraddha Agrawal (1578)

About Santhals:One of the Largest homogeneous scheduled tribe in IndiaBelong to pre Aryan periodDistibuted in Jharkhand, WB, Bihar, Orissa, Assam, some parts of NepalBelieved that they originated from Pilchu Hadam and Pilchu BudhiOnly known tribal group having its own language (Santhali) and script(OL Chiki)Are endogamous, divided into exogamous clanSettled agriculturists, engaged in hunting, fishingPossess unique skill in music and dance

Origin of Santhals

Habitat Pattern

Habitat PatternCottages made up of bamboos or Sal logs plastered over with coat of mud

Habitat PatternCottages made up of bamboos or Sal logs plastered over with coat of mudCottages consisted of 2-3 rooms

Habitat PatternCottages made up of bamboos or Sal logs plastered over with coat of mudCottages consisted of 2-3 rooms

Habitat PatternCottages made up of bamboos or Sal logs plastered over with coat of mudCottages consisted of 2-3 roomsSituated near forests

Habitat PatternCottages made up of bamboos or Sal logs plastered over with coat of mudCottages consisted of 2-3 roomsSituated near forestsTry to live together, houses built close to each other

Habitat PatternCottages made up of bamboos or Sal logs plastered over with coat of mudCottages consisted of 2-3 roomsSituated near forestsTry to live together, houses built close to each otherDwelling unit: rectangular/ square/ oval/ circular

Food and Drink

Food and DrinkUtensils used- pot(kanda), lota, plate(kasa-tari), bowl(bati)

Food and DrinkUtensils used - pot(kanda), lota, plate(kasa-tari), bowl(bati)

Food and DrinkUtensils used - pot(kanda), lota, plate(kasa-tari), bowl(bati)Staple food - boiled rice

Food and DrinkUtensils used - pot(kanda), lota, plate(kasa-tari), bowl(bati)Staple food - boiled riceDiet- almost all available fish and crabs, meat ( preserve in a way of their own), many worms, insects(red ant, termites), flesh of various animals(tiger, bears, crows, snakes), edible leaves(Sin-arak), food items made of various grains.

Food and DrinkUtensils used - pot(kanda), lota, plate(kasa-tari), bowl(bati)Staple food - boiled riceDiet- almost all available fish and crabs, meat ( preserve in a way of their own), many worms, insects(red ant, termites), flesh of various animals(tiger, bears, crows, snakes), edible leaves(Sin-arak), food items made of various grains.Drinks- Rice beer(for all functions)

Dress and OrnamentsAdult male- scantily dressed, wear loin cloth(Panchi)Females- now, Santhal women wear bordered sarees; decorate their hair with flowers and tufts of red silkOrnaments- made of brass/bronze/nickel/silver/gold; convex shaped anklets (Paina); feet ornament( Kharua); wristlets (Phora Sakom)

Household and OccupationJoint family and single familyPatriarchal society (father is the decision maker)Traditional kinship of tribes-Royal tribe(Kisku) assume title of KingPrincely tribe (Murmur Thakur) Occupation - revolves around forests in which they residesEngaged in hunting, fishing, cultivationUnique skills in making musical equipment, mats, baskets out of plants

Clans/GotraVarious clans- Hasdak, Murmur, Kisku, Hembrom, Marndi, Soren, Tudu, Baske besra, Core and PauriaLast two have been lost Baske besra & Core- earlier regarded inferior (marriage with them avoided)Endogamous, prohibited from marrying a girl from mothers sub-clan Related ethnic group: Mundas, Hos, Kols, other Mon-Khmer people

Culture & ReligionLove dancing- important part of fairs & festivalsLight musicPlay music using Tirio (bamboo flute with 7 holes), an open chest (korom), Dhodoro banamNo temples, do not worship any idolSacred grove Religion- Sarna, Sari Dharam, Hinduism, ChristianityRespect ghosts and spirits like Kal Sing, Lakchera, and Beudarang, etc.Animal sacrifice is common

Uniqueness of TribeMost abundantMost researchedIn 1852, Rev. J. Phillips published an introduction to the Santhal languageOnly tribe that has its own script OL Chiki ( in 1925 from P. Raghunath Murmu)Studied all over the world

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