qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategia

2014 wlis dekemberi

saqarTvelo 2014–2018 winamdebare dokumentis gasajaroveba akrZalulia direqtorTa sabWos mier damtkicebamde. Damtkicebis Semdgom, dokumenti gasajarovdeba ADB-is 2011 wlis sajaro komunikaciis politikis Sesabamisad.

aziis ganviTarebis banki

valutis eqvivalentebi

(2014 wlis 5 noembris mdgomareobiT) valutis erTeuli – lari

1.00 lari = $0.5701 $1.00 = 1.754 lari

abriviaturebi

ADB - aziis ganviTarebis banki ADF - aziis ganviTarebis fondi COBP - qveyanaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-

gegma CPS - qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategia IDP - iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri GDP - mTliani Sida produqti IED - damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamenti IMF - saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi IOS - gardamavali saoperacio strategia MFF - mravaltranSiani safinanso instrumenti MSME - mikro, mcire da saSualo biznesi O&M - eqspluatacia da momsaxureba PPP - sajaro-kerZo TanamSromloba TA - teqnikuri daxmareba

SeniSvnebi

simbolo “$” winamdebare angariSSi aSS dolars aRniSnavs.

vice-prezidenti v. Jangi, operaciebi 1

generaluri

direqtori

k. gerhauzeri, centraluri da dasavleT aziis

departamenti (CWRD)

gundis xelmZRvaneli q. juliani, direqtori, mudmivi warmomadgenloba saqarTveloSi (GRM), CWRD

gundis wevrebi j. abeli, portfelis marTvis ufrosi specialisti

(Sesabamisoba), CWRD

e. araneta, operaciebis koordinaciis mTavari

specialisti, kerZo seqtoris operaciebis departamenti

(PSOD)

r. bareto, finansuri seqtoris specialisti, CWRD

m. buSampi, socialuri ganviTarebis specialisti

(socialuri sakiTxebi), CWRD

S. kempbeli, socialuri ganviTarebis ufrosi

specialisti, CWRD

f. katakutani, programebis asocirebuli oficeri, CWRD

i. Wyonia, proeqtis ufrosi oficeri, GRM, CWRD

j. farina, ekonomisti, CWRD

b. goalu, urbanuli transportis specialisti, CWRD

r. harteli, investiciebis mTavari specialisti, PSOD

t. kanai, ufrosi mrCeveli, Tanadafinansebis operaciebis

ofisi

g. kiziria, proeqtis ufrosi oficeri (infrastruqtura),

GRM, CWRD

g. luarsabiSvili, ekonomikis asocirebuli oficeri,

GRM, CWRD

t. luo, energetikis ufrosi specialisti, CWRD

v. montealto, operaciebis asistenti, CWRD

b. mirbabaevi, dafinansebis partniorobis ufrosi

specialisti, Tanadafinansebis operaciebis ofisi

t. niazi, sajaro marTvis mTavari specialisti, CWRD

n. nikuraZe, operaciebis asistenti, GRM, CWRD

T. papuaSvili, proeqtis asocirebuli analitikosi, GRM,

CWRD

l. Su-zibeli, mTavari ekonomisti, CWRD

p. senevratne, transportis mTavari specialisti, CWRD

n. singru, transportis mTavari specialisti, CWRD

v. tani, direqtori, CWRD

e. torres, sajaro-kerZo partniorobis ufrosi

specialisti, CWRD

t. tran, garemosdacvis ufrosi specialisti, CWRD

l. vavakisi, ekonomisti, CWRD

q. i, finansuri marTvis ufrosi specialisti, CWRD

eqspertTa gundi k. lao-araia, Sedegebis marTvis mTavari specialisti,

strategiisa da politikis departamenti (SPD)

k. nam, mTavari ekonomisti, ekonomikisa da kvlevis

departamenti

r. sabirova, Sefasebis specialisti, damoukidebeli

Sefasebis departamenti

v. um, generaluri direqtoris moadgile, regionuli da

mdgradi ganviTarebis departamenti

b. vudsi, Sedegebis marTvis mTavari specialisti, SPD

nebismieri qveynis programis an strategiis momzadebis, an proeqtis dafinansebisas, an am dokumentSi raime konkretul teritoriaze an geografiul areze miniSnebisa Tu misi moxseniebisas, aziis ganviTarebis banki ar isaxavs miznad raime Sefaseba gaakeTos teritoriis an arealis legaluri an sxva statusis Sesaxeb.

sarCevi

mokled qveynis Sesaxeb

ganviTarebis mimarTulebebi da problemebi 1

a. monacemebi qveynis Sesaxeb 1

b. ekonomikuri Sefaseba da perspeqtiva 3

g. ADB-is qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis adreuli strategiis

mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi 4

II. qveynis strategia 6

a. mTavrobis erovnuli strategia 6

b. ADB-is qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategia 8

III. strategiis ganxorcieleba 14

a. resursebi 14

b. programis mimoxilva 15

IV. Sedegebis marTva 16

a. monitoringi 16

b. riskebi 16

danarTebi

1. qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis Sedegebi 18

2. dokumentebis CamonaTvali 23

winamdebare dokumentis inglisuri enidan Targmnis mizani gaxldaT ufro farTo auditoriis mozidva. miuxedavad aziis ganviTarebis bankis (ADB) Zalisxmevisa maqsimaluri sizustiT Targmnos aRniSnuli dokumenti, inglisuri ena warmoadgens bankis samuSao enas da amdenad, inglisuri originali aris avTenturi (oficialuri da sando wyaro). dokumentis nebismieri citireba mxolod inglisur originals unda eyrdnobodes.

mokled qveynis Sesaxeb

ekonomikaa 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

mTliani Sida produqti (mSp), (miliardi $, mimdinare) 12.8 10.8 11.6 14.4 15.8 16.1

mSp erT sul mosaxleze, (miliardi $, mimdinare) 2,921 2,455 2,623 3,230 3,523 3,597

mSp zrda, (%, mudmiv fasebSi) 2.3 (3.8) 6.3 7.2 6.2 3.2 soflis meurneoba (4.4) (6.8) (4.8) 8.0 (3.7) 9.8

mrewveloba (3.9) (3.5) 9.1 9.4 9.5 1.9

servisebi 7.4 (3.4) 7.8 5.7 6.2 3.1

mTliani Sida investiciebi, (mSp-is %) 26.0 13.0 21.6 26.2 28.9 24.8 mTliani Sida danazogi, (mSp-is %) (2.7) (6.1) 4.1 7.8 10.2 12.3 samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi (saSualo wliuri %-is cvlileba)b 10.0 1.7 7.1 8.5 (0.9) (0.5) likviduroba (M3) (wliuri %-is cvlileba) 7.9 7.7 30.1 14.5 11.4 24.5

saerTo fiskaluri proficiti (deficiti), mSp-is % (6.3) (9.2) (6.8) (3.6) (3.0) (2.7) vaWrobis brunvis balansi, mSp-is % (30.0) (22.3) (22.3) (24.3) (26.6) (21.7)

mimdinare angariSis balansi mSp-is % (22.0) (10.5) (10.3) (12.7) (11.7) (5.9) sagareo valis momsaxureba (saqonlisa da servisebis eqsportis %) 17.7 26.2 20.5 15.9 18.3 17.5

mTliani sagareo vali, (mSp-is %)g 44.3 61.3 65.1 60.3 66.7 65.3 umuSevrobis maCvenebeli (%) 16.5 16.9 16.3 15.1 15.0 14.6

siRaribis zRvari da socialuri sfero 1990 2000

bolo weli

mosaxleoba (milioni) 4.8 4.4 4.5 [2013] mosaxleobis zrda (wliuri %-is cvlileba) 0.0 (0.8) (0.3) [2013] dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli (yovel 100,000 cocxlad dabadebulze)d 50.0 60.0 41.0 [2013] Cvil bavSvTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli (yovel 1,000 cocxlad dabadebulze) 40.5 31.2 11.7 [2013]

sicocxlis xangZlivoba (weli) 70.0 71.6 73.9 [2012]

zrdasrulTa wigniereba (%) ... … 99.7 [2012] Caricxva dawyebiT skolaSi jamurad (%) 97.4 97.3 106.1 [2012] bavSvTa kvebis nakleboba (5 welze naklebi asakis %) ... 2.2 1.1 [2009]

siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleoba (%)e ... … 21.4 [2013] Raribi mosaxleobis Tanafardoba $2/dReSi (msyidvelobiTi unaris pariteti) (%) … 38.6 35.6 [2010] mosaxleoba gaumjobesebul wyalmomaragebaze wvdomiT (%) 85.0 89.2 98.7 [2012] mosaxleoba gaumjobesebul sanitarul pirobebze wvdomiT (%) 96.5 95.4 93.3 [2012]

garemo 1990 2000

bolo weli

naxSirorJangis emisiia (kilotona) … 4,536 6,241 [2010] naxSirorJangis gamonabolqvi erT sul mosaxleze (tona) … 1.0 1.4 [2010]

tyis farTobi (kvadratuli kilometri) 27,790 27,678 27,372 [2012]

urbanuli mosaxleoba (saerTo mosaxleobis %) 55.0 52.6 53.1 [2013]

ADB-is portfeli (suverenuli sesxebi, 2013 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT)

Cv. ZiriTa. resurs.

aziis ganviTar. fondi sul

sesxebis mTliani odenoba 3 8 11

sesxis wminda odenoba (milioni $, jamurad) 261.9 555.3 817.2 gadaxdili Tanxebi

gasatanad xelmisawvdomi Tanxebi jamurad ($) 188.9 456.4 645.3

gadaxdili Tanxa ($, jamurad) 6.5 215.8 222.3 gadaxdili Tanxebis procenti (gacemuli Tanxa/ jamurad xelmisawvdomi) 3.5 47.3 34.5

...= ar aris xelmisawvdomi, () =negatiuri, {} = bolo weli, romelzec monacemebi moipoveba, ADB = aziis ganviTarebis banki, mSp = mTliani Sida produqti, M3 = farTo fulis masa, OCR = Cveulebrivi fuladi resursebi, PPP = msyidvelobiTi unaris pariteti. a – monacemebi moicavs fiskalur wels. monacemebi 2013 wlis mSp-is Sesaxeb gaxlavT savaraudo, da dazustdeba 2014 wlis noemberSi mSp-is saboloo monacemebis gamoqveynebisas.

b – aRniSnavs garkveuli periodis saSualo zrdas. g – gamoricxavs kompaniaTSoris sesxebs. d – modelirebuli Sefaseba, romelic eyrdnoba regresiis models da iyenebs informacias nayofierebis, meddebisa da Sidsi-s gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. erovnuli gamoTvlebi 2012 wels Seadgenda 22.9-s. e – mosaxleobis proporcia, romelic siRaribis zRvars qvemoT cxovrobs, udris saSualo moxmarebis 60%-s. wyaroebi: aziis ganviTarebis banki; saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi; saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro; saqarTvelos erovnuli banki; saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri. 2013. gaeros adamianis ganviTarebis angariSi 2013. niu iorki. gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia. aTaswleulis gamowvevis miznebis indikatorebi: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid=749 (bolos nanaxia 2014 wlis 10 oqtombers); msoflio banki 2012. saqarTvelos siRaribis Sefaseba. vaSingtoni. msoflio banki. 2011. saqarTvelo: siRaribis donis dinamika vardebis revoluciis Semdeg. vaSingtoni; da msoflio banki. msoflio ganviTarebis onlain indikatorebi: http://data.worldbank.org/country/georgia (bolos nanaxia 2014 wlis 13 seqtembers).

I. ganviTarebis mimarTulebebi da problemebi

a. informacia qveynis Sesaxeb

1. saqarTvelo mdebareobs samxreT kavkasiaSi, evropisa da aziis gzagasayarze. igi warmoadgens mniSvnelovan satranzito koridors mravali qveynisaTvis centralur da aRmosavleT aziaSi, gansakuTrebiT somxeTisa da azerbaijanisaTvis. ekonomikuri da instituciuri reformebisa da swori makroekonomikuri politikis wyalobiT, saqarTvelos ekonomika 2003-2007 wlebSi saSualod wliurad 9.6%-iT gaizarda da gauZlo ruseTTan 2008 wlis SeiaraRebul konfliqtsa da globalur ekonomikur kriziss. 2008 wlis konfliqtma 200 000-ze meti adamiani iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri gaxada da kavkasiis regionis simyife daadastura, romelic politikuri riskis aRqmas daemata, Sewyvita investiciebis Semodineba da qveynis teritoriuli erTianoba gamowvevis winaSe daayena. politikuri urTierTobebi ruseTis federaciasTan dRemde daZabuli rCeba, magram 2013 wlis Semdeg gaumjobesda1. miuxedavad am gamowvevebisa, saqarTvelos mTliani Sida produqti erT sul mosaxleze 2003 wels 916 aSS dolaridan 2013 wels 3597 aSS dolaramde gaizarda, mSp-s zrda saSualod TiTqmis 6 procents Seadgenda. saqarTvelo ganixileba rogorc dabali-saSualo-Semosavlis mqone ekonomika2. 2. ekonomikuri da instituciuri reformebi. 2003 wlis Semdeg ganxorcielebulma farTomasStabianma ekonomikurma da instituciurma reformebma saqarTvelos biznes da ekonomikuri garemo gardaqmna. mTavrobam gaamartiva biznes regulaciebi, moaxdina savaWro polisebis liberalizeba, gaamartiva sagadasaxado sistema, Seamcira sajaro moxeleebis raodenoba da moaxdina samTavrobo aqtivebis privatizeba. Sedegad, mmarTveloba da biznes garemo gaumjobesda da saqarTvelos reitingi ramdenime saerTaSoriso maCvenebelSi gaizarda3. Tumca, reitingebi SesaZloa ar asaxavdes Sesrulebas ZiriTadi ganzomilebebTan mimarTebiT. gamowvevebi rCeba finansebis xelmisawvdomobasTan, kvalificiur samuSao ZalasTan4, maregulirebel struqturebTan da sajaro-kerZo partniorobebis CarCosTan5 dakavSirebiTac. aRniSnuli sakiTxebi da reformebis modelebi aferxebs zrdas seqtorebSi, romlebic mniSvnelovan SromiT danaxarjebs moiTxoven.

1 saqarTvelom calmxrivad Camoayaliba uvizo mimosvlis reJimi ruseTis moqalaqeebisaTvis. gadawyvetilebas Sedegad mohyva vizitorebis Semodineba rogorc savaWro, aseve turistuli miznebiT. ruseTis federaciam uaxloes warsulSi moxsna embargo saqarTvelodan ruseTSi gatanil sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis eqsportze. 2 saqarTvelos mTliani erovnuli Semosavali erT sulze msoflio bankis atlasis meTodze dayrdnobiT iyo $3,570 2013.

3 2014 wels msoflio bankis biznesis keTebis angariSis mixedviT saqarTvelos adgili biznesis warmoebis simartivis mixedviT 189 qveyanas Soris gaumjobesda da me-8 adgili Seadgina 2005 wels 145 qveyanas Soris dakavebul 112-e adgilTan SedarebiT. Tumca, garkveul sferoebSi saqarTvelo mainc CamorCenilia, konkretulad ki gadaxdisuunarobis gadawyvetilebis da biznesis gauqmebis miRebaSi da sasamarTlo damoukideblobis sferoSi.

4 SeiniSneba teqnikuri da profesiuli unarebis nakleboba, maSin rodesac umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone muSakTa raodenoba didia. 5 aRniSnuli moicavs instituciur meqanizmebs sajaro-kerZo partniorobebisaTvis mTavrobis mier daxarjuli resursebis optimizaciis uzrunvelsayofad.

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3. umuSevroba da siRaribe. ukanaskneli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi mimdinare farTomasStabiani zrda ar gardaiqmna umuSevrobisa da siRaribis Tanazomier SemcirebaSi. infrastruqturulma xarvezebma, soflis meurneobis stagnaciam da sazogadoebaSi arsebulma SromiTi unarebis Seusabamobam Sromis bazris moTxovnebTan Seamcira qveynis ekonomikis zrdis gavlena siRaribis Semcirebaze. umuSevrobis oficialuri maCvenebeli 11.5-dan (2003 wels) 16.9 procentamde gaizarda (2009 wels), xolo 2013 wels SedarebiT zomier 14.6% niSnuls miaRwia. sajaro seqtorSi samuSao adgilebis Semcireba aRemateboda kerZo seqtorSi axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas. SromiTi Zalis daaxloebiT 1/5 nawilobriv umuSevaria an dabalanazRaurebad samuSaoze muSaobs kvalifikaciis Sesabamisi anazRaurebis gareSe. mosaxleobis procentuloba, romelic siRaribis SedarebiTi zRvris qvemoT cxovrobs Semcirda 2004 wels 24.9%-dan 2014 wels 21.4%-mde6. mosaxleobis procentuloba, romelic dReSi 2 aSS dolarze naklebze cxovrobs msyidvelobiTi unaris paritetis mixedviT mxolod mcired Semcirda 2003 wels 36.7%-dan 2010 wels 35.6%-mde, maSin rodesac siRaribeSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis wili dReSi 1.25 aSS dolaris saxiT imave periodSi umniSvnelod gaizarda 17.7%-dan 18.0%-mde. siRaribis Semcireba ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia 2012 wels sakvebis fasebis SemcirebiT da socialuri transferebisa da sazRvargareTidan Semosuli daxmarebebis nakadebiT7. jini koeficienti 2013 wels maRali rCeba 0.42 niSnulze, rac mianiSnebs Semosavlebis zrdis urbanul adgilebsa da yvelaze meti Semosavlis mimReb 10%-Si koncentrirebas8. mcire qalaqebSi mcxovrebma mcire zomis sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi CarTulma qarTvelebma Zalze cota sargebeli miiRes. 4. aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi da genderuli Tanasworoba. garkveuli progresi SeiniSneba arasaSemosavlo siRaribis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT, xolo saqarTvelo swor gzazea qveynis ganaTlebisa da janmrTelobis aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebis valdebulebebis Sesrulebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, genderuli uTanasworobis aRmofxvra aucilebelia da gamowvevebi rCeba, maT Soris aqtivebTan da resursebTan araTanabari xelmisawvdomobis, bavSvTa socialuri uzrunvelyofis xelmisawvdomobis, dabadebisas sqesTa arasaTanado Sefardebisa da ojaxuri Zaladobis TvalsazrisiT. ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba ar gardaqmnila dasaqmebis gazrdil maCvenebelsa da ekonomikur monawileobaSi. gansxvaveba xelfasebs Soris genderuli TvalsazrisiT kvlavac maRalia, qalebi kacebze 42%-iT dabal anazRaurebas iReben9. qalebi aseve arasakmarisad arian warmodgenilni politikasa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi da saparlamento mandatebis mxolod 11.3%-s ikaveben.

6 siRaribis SedarebiTi zRvari tolia saSualo moxmarebis daaxloebiT 60%-is.

7 siRaribis analizi (ixileT danarTi 2, dokumentebis sia) 8 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri jini koeficients moxmarebis danaxarjebis mixedviT 2013 wels 0.40-iT afasebda. 9 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri. 2013. qalebi da kacebi saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi. http://www.geostat.ge

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b. ekonomikuri Sefaseba da perspeqtiva 5. ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. saqarTvelo gamoirCeoda 2003 wlis Semdeg mSp-is Zlieri zrdiT, mzardi realuri xelfasebiT, Semcirebadi fiskaluri deficitiTa da gazrdili konkurentunarianobiT. ZiriTadi sferoebi, romlebic ekonomikur zrdas uwyobda xels aris servisebis seqtori (romelSic liderobs vaWroba, turizmi da transporti), warmoeba (romelSic liderobs feroSenadnobebi, azotis sasuqi, cementi, foladi da jarTi), mSenebloba da samTo mrewvelobaa. miuxedavad 2013 wlis Senelebuli zrdisa da 2014 wlis gazrdili regionuli stabilurobisa, ekonomikuri mdgomareoba pozitiuria. ADB prognozirebs realuri mSp-is daCqarebul zrdas 5.5%-is saxiT 2014 da 2015 wlebSi. potenciuri zrdis ganmapirobebeli seqtorebi moicavs turizms, warmoebas, agrobiznessa da energetikis eqsports. turizmi warmoadgens swrafad mzard seqtors, romelic 2013 wels mTliani dasaqmebis maCveneblis 14%-s, xolod mSp-is (pirdapiri da arapirdapiri) 16%-s Seadgenda10. warmoeba, agrobiznesi da energetikuli eqsportebi sargebels miiRebs gaumjobesebuli infrastruqturis meSveobiT, gansakuTrebiT gzebisa da miwodebis jaWvis marTvis da finansebTan ukeTesi xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT. inflaciis prognozis mixedviT, 2014 wels misi zrda 4.0%-mdea mosalodneli, xolo 2015 wels 5.0%-mde, vinaidan swrafi ekonomikuri zrda, maRali pensiebi da transferuli gadaricxvebi rogorc mosalodnelia moTxovnis mxaris inflaciur zewolas gamoiwvevs. 6. mowyvladoba. saqarTvelo mowyvladia garegani Sokebis mimarT pirdapir ucxour investiciebsa da fuladi gzavnilebis Semodinebaze misi maRali damokidebulebis, dabali saSinao danazogebis, mimdinare angariSis didi deficitisa da dolarizaciis maRali donis gamo11. maSin rodesac pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi Semcirda 2007 wlis pikur 2 miliard aSS dolaris maCvenebelTan SedarebiT, igi 2013 wels qveynis ekonomikisaTvis kvlavac mniSvnelovania. mimdinare angariSis stabiluri deficiti moicavs sajaro infrastruqturis investiciebis maRal saimporto Semadgenlobas (romelic 2003-2012 wlebSi ekonomikur zrdas amyarebda) da 2006 wels rusuli bazris saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo eqsportebisaTvis daxurvas. mimdinare angariSis deficiti mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda 2013 wels, xolo 2014 wlisaTvis misi 5.6%-iT zrdaa mosalodneli, rac Tanabrad asaxavs soflis meurneobis eqsportebisa da turizmis seqtoris SenarCunebul zrdas, dabali ekonomikuri zrdiT gamowveuli importebis ciklur Semcirebas da Semcirebul investiciebs sajaro infrastruqturaSi. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi prognozirebs mimdinare angariSis deficitis Semcirebas mSp-is 5 procentamde 2019 wlisaTvis. Tumca, aRniSnuli Semcireba damokidebulia uwyvet fiskalur konsolidaciaze, gacvliTi kursis moqnil reJimsa da konkurentunarianobis gasaZlierebeli struqturuli reformebis ganxorcielebaze.

10

mogzaurobisa da turizmis msoflio sabWo, 2014. mogzauroba da turizmi, saqarTvelo:

ekonomikuri gavlena, 2014. londoni. 11

ekonomikuri analizi (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si mocemuli dokumentebis siaSi). am saxis

mowyvladobam safrTxe SeiZleba Seqmnas da mimdinare geopolitikuri riskebis WrilSi

ekonomikuri perspeqtivis kidev ufro gauaresebis riskebi warmoqmnas.

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saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mowyvladobis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT saerTaSoriso savaluto fondma 2012 wels daamtkica 2 wliani sarezervo (stendbai) krediti rogorc makroekonomikuri usafrTxoebis saSualovadiani bade. axali samwliani sarezervo krediti damtkicda 2014 wlis ivlisSi saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis sabWos mier. SDR-Si (specialuri sasesxo ufleba) dafiqsirebuli 100-milioniani (daaxloebiT $154 milioni) programis mizania saqarTvelos sagareo regulirebis xelSewyoba, ZiriTadi makroekonomikuri mowyvladobis Semcireba, fiskaluri sivrcis ganaxleba da zrdis mxardaWera. 7. kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebisa da inkluziuri zrdis barierebi. miuxedavad gamokiTxvebis reitingebSi biznes klimatis gaumjobesebisa, kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebisa da inkluziuri zrdis ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebi kvlavac ganagrZobs arsebobas12. SeiniSneba CamorCena Semdeg sferoebSi/sakiTxebSi: transporti, logistika, energetika, municipaluri infrastruqtura, arasakmarisi regionuli ekonomikuri TanamSromloba, kvalificiuri muSaxelis deficiti (gansakuTrebiT inJinrebi da teqnikosebi), mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebSi biznesis unarebis nakleboba, SezRuduli xelmisawvdomoba xelmisawvdomi sabanko dafinansebisadmi. satransporto koridoris potencialisa da regionuli savaWro da logistikuri habis/centris funqciis SesrulebisaTvis saqarTvelos sWirdeba Savi zRvis azerbaijanTan damakavSirebeli aRmosavleT-dasavleT Cqarosnuli magistralis gaumjobesebis dasruleba. amasTanave, maRali satransporto da logistikuri xarjebi saqarTvelos gakveul nawilebs erovnuli da regionuli bazrebisagan ekonomikurad izolirebuls xdis. miuxedavad korufciis Semcirebis sferoSi miRweuli mniSvnelovani progresisa, arsebobs garkveuli problemebi da sasamarTlo sistemis SesaZlebloba daicvas kerZo qoneba da kontraqtebi gaZlierebas moiTxovs13.

g. ADB-is qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis adreuli strategiis

mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi 8. qveynis adreuli etapis strategia da programa. saqarTvelo ADB-s 2007 wels SeuerTda, xolo 2008 wlis ianvarSi ADB-m daamtkica Sualeduri saoperacio strategia 2008-2009 wlebisaTvis14. Sualeduri saoperacio strategia orientirebulia municipaluri servisebis miwodebis gaumjobesebaze, sagzao transportis barierebis Semcirebasa da energetikuli infrastruqturis gaumjobesebaze. ganxorcielebisas Sualeduri saoperacio strategiis kompetencia gafarTovda da moicva iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa mxardaWera ruseTis federaciasTan konfliqtze da globalur ekonomikur krizisze saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebul fiskalur reagirebasTan dakavSirebiT. 2007-2013 wlebSi, ADB-m mTlianobaSi 1.36 miliardi aSS dolaris

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kerZo seqtoris Sefaseba (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si mocemuli dokumentebis siaSi). am saxis mowyvladobam safrTxe SeiZleba Seqmnas da mimdinare geopolitikuri riskebis WrilSi ekonomikuri perspeqtivis kidev ufro gauaresebis riskebi warmoqmnas. 13

Transparency International-is 2013 wlis korufciis aRqmis angariSis mixedviT saqarTvelom 177 qveynidan 55-e adgiili daikava 2004 wels imave angariSSi 133-e adgilTan SedarebiT (145 qveyanas Soris). 14

ADB. 2008. saqarTvelo: Sualeduri samoqmedo strategia 2008-2009 wlebisaTvis. manila.

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21 sesxi daamtkica, maT Soris sami arasuverenuli sesxi 125 milionis odenobiT da 9 tranSi sami mimdinare multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmis farglebSi. saSualod 3-4-jer ufro didi zomis sesxebi da multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmis qve-programebi damtkicda vidre es dagegmili iyo Sualeduri saoperacio strategiiT, rac ganpirobebuli iyo programis ufro farTo kompetenciiT, aziis ganviTarebis fondis damatebiTi resursebis xelmisawvdomobiTa da Cveulebrivi fuladi resursebiT. 9. Sesrulebis Sefaseba da miRebuli gamocdileba. qveynis operaciebis saboloo Sefasebis dokumentis daskvnis mixedviT, romliTac Sefasda ADB-s mier saqarTvelosaTvis gamoyofili daxmareba 2008-2012 wlebisaTvis, programis Sesruleba damakmayofilebeli iyo15. ADB-m mokle periodis ganmavlobaSi warmatebiT Camoayaliba warmomadgenloba saqarTveloSi da infrastruqturuli dafinansebis mTavari wyaro gaxda. programa zogadad qveynis saWiroebebs pasuxobda, dasrulebuli saqmianobebi warmatebuli iyo, xolo mimdinare saqmianobebi rogorc mosalodnelia dasaxul miznebs miaRwevs. amave dros, multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmebis ganxorcielebaze uaryofiTad moqmedebda gaWianureba, xarjebis gadameteba, samuSaos kompetenciis cvlileba da garantirebuli Sesrulebis susti SesaZlebloba16. mdgradoba problematur sakiTxad iqna miCneuli xarjebis anazRaurebis dabali maCveneblebis, infrastruqturis saqmianobebsa da remontze SezRuduli xarjvis wyalobiT. Sefasebam programis ZiriTad Zlier mxareebad Semdegi sakiTxebi daasaxela: (i) procesis samTavrobo mxardaWera (mflobelobis SegrZneba); (ii) mTavrobis damokidebuleba makroekonomikuri stabilurobisa da kerZo seqtoriT gamowveuli zrdisadmi, da (iii) ADB-s unari reagireba moaxdinos ganviTarebis garemoSi mimdinare cvlilebebze. ganviTarebis efeqtianobis gasaumjobeseblad Sefasebam wamoayena rekomendacia: (i) zrda ZiriTad seqtorebSi ufro inkluziuri gamxdariyo, maT Soris finansuri seqtoris reformebze dialogis waxalisebis meSveobiT; (ii) qveynisa da seqtoris doneebze Sedegebis naTlad gansazRvra; (iii) infrastruqturuli mdgradobis gaumjobeseba; (iv) samTavrobo proeqtis momzadebis xarisxis gazrda; (v) ufro metad fokusireba SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebaze, politikis reformasa da codnis servisebze, da (vi) ADB-s daxmarebis gavlenis gamosayeneblad ufro Zlieri partniorobis xelSewyoba. 10 damoukidebeli Sefaseba. ADB-is damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamentis mier momzadebulma qveynis saqmianobebis saboloo Sefasebebis Semowmebis angariSma 2008-2012 wlebisaTvis Sualeduri saoperacio strategia da qveynis programa warmatebulad Seafasa17. damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamentma programis yvela aspeqti, garda Sedegianobisa, Seafasa rogorc damakmayofilebeli an kidev ufro maRali Sefaseba misca. damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamentma programa Seafasa rogorc naklebad Sedegiani da amis

15 qveynis strategiis saboloo Sefaseba (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si CamoTvlili dokumentebis siaSi). 16

portfelis Sesruleba asaxavs gadaxdili Tanxebis zogadad dabal Sefardebas saqmianobis dasawyisTan dakavSirebuli gaWianurebisa da saqmianobaTa xSiri cvlilebis gamo. 17

saqarTvelo. qveynis saqmianobebis saboloo Sefasebebis validurobis angariSi 2008-2012 wlebisaTvis (ixileT danarTi 2, CamoTvlili dokumentebis sia).

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mizezad daasaxela Tanxebis gacemis dabali done, xarjebis gadaWarbeba, saqmianobebis sferos xSiri cvlileba, monitoringisa da Sefasebis susti sistemebi, miwis SesyidviT da zogadad SesyidvebiT gamowveuli dagvianebebis gamo. damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamentis mier rekomendirebuli da gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi moicavs ufro met aqcents inkluziur zrdaze, yuradRebis ufro metad gamaxvilebas politikis reformasa da proeqtisa da xarjebis ufro frTxil da yuradRebiT Seswavlaze. damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamentis rekomendaciaa gaizardos energetikis dagegmvis mxardaWera hidroeleqtroenergiis resursebis ufro Sedegiani ganviTarebisaTvis, aseve gamdinare wylebis gadamuSavebisa da sanitaruli pirobebis gaumjobesebisaTvis. damoukidebeli Sefasebis departamentis kidev erTi rCevaa iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa problemebis Seswavla da imis garkveva, Tu ramdenad SeiZleba qveynis programis farglebSi maTi mowyvladobis gaTvaliswineba da masze reagireba. 10. iTvaliswinebs ra am rekomendaciebs, qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategia 2014-2018 wlebisaTvis moicavs Semdegs: (i) met fokuss infrastruqturis inkluziur zrdaze (magaliTad, Sida mniSvnelobis gzebsa da CamorCenil regionebSi mcire qalaqebze aqcentireba); (ii) polisebze dafuZnebuli dakreditireba da ufro didi teqnikuri daxmareba, romlis samiznec politikis reformebi da SesaZleblobaTa gaZliereba, maT Soris finansuri seqtoris reformaa, da (iii) Camdinare wylebis gadamuSavebisa da sanitaruli infrastruqturis uwyveti dafinanseba. vinaidan ganviTarebis sxva parntiorebs mniSvnelovani sagranto dafinansebebi aqvT gamoyofili energetikis politikisa da dagegmarebisaTvis, ADB gaagrZelebs mTavrobis prioritetebTan SesabamisobaSi myofi hidroeleqtroenergiis kerZo seqtoris arasuverenul dakreditirebas18. ADB-s urbanuli servisebisaTvis gamoyofili daxmareba pasuxobs devnilTa saWiroebebs (rogorc proeqtis dizainis nawili). amgvari daxmareba avsebs devnilTaTvis grantebisa da sesxebis saxiT gamoyofil mniSvnelovan daxmarebas, romelsac ganviTarebis sxva partniorebi uzrunvelyofen.

II. qveynis strategia

a. mTavrobis erovnuli strategia 12. ganviTarebis erovnuli amocanebi. mTavrobis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia (saqarTvelo 2020) miznad isaxavs inkluziur ekonomikur ganviTarebas makroekonomikuri stabilurobisa da efeqtiani sajaro administrirebis, kerZo seqtoris konkurentunarianobis, kadrebis ganviTarebiTa da finansebTan xelmisawvdomobis gazrdiT19. kerZo seqtoris konkurentunarianoba gaizrdeba infrastruqturis gaumjobesebiT, satranzito potencialis maqsimalurad aTvisebiT, biznes garemos kidev ufro gaumjobesebiT, inovaciis, teqnologiebisa da eqsportis zrdisa da

18 msoflio banki 2014 wels afinansebs strategiul garemosdacviT Sefasebas hidroeleqtroenergiis seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis.

19 saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2014 weli, saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia, saqarTvelo 2020, Tbilisi.

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diversifikaciis xelSewyobiT. kadrebis ganviTareba zogadi da profesiuli ganaTlebis gaumjobesebiT; socialuri dacvis gaZlierebiT da xarisxiani, xelmisawvdomi jandacvis uzrunvelyofiT. kerZo seqtoris xelmisawvdomoba finansebisadmi gaizrdeba saSinao danazogebis waxalisebiT, ufro meti ucxouri investiciebis mozidviTa da finansuri seqtoris ganviTarebiT (gansakuTrebiT kapitalis bazrebi da arasabanko safinanso instituciebi). adgilobrivi mTavrobis reformebi xels Seuwyobs regionalur ganviTarebas da gazrdis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis erTeulebis rols. 13. kveTa ADB-is mier Catarebul strategia 2020-is SefasebasTan. orive dokumenti - saqarTvelo 2020 da ADB-is mier Catarebul strategia 2020-is Sualeduri Sefaseba xels uwyobs inkluziur ekonomikur zrdas, amave dros mxars uWers adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebasa da socialur dacvas20. orive strategia xels uwyobs infrastruqturis mdgrad ganviTarebas, kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebas, efeqtian mmarTvelobas, inovaciasa da codnaze dafuZnebul gadawyvetilebebs. orive strategia aqcents akeTebs zrdis ekonomikuri mdgradobis uzrunvelyofis saWiroebaze, maT Soris klimaturi riskebis marTvis infrastruqturul dagegmarebaSi integrirebaze. saqarTvelos xedva gamoiyenos misi strategiuli adgilmdebareoba da ganviTardes rogorc satransporto derefani aseve Seesabameba ADB-is Sefasebis dokumentis mTavar aqcents - regionul integracias. 14. ADB da ganviTarebis sxva partniorebi. saqarTveloSi ganviTarebis mravali organizacia moqmedebs, romelic qveyanas ekonomikuri ganviTarebis kompleqsur daxmarebas uwevs21. msoflio banki afinansebs infrastruqturis ganviTarebas (gzebi, municipaluri infrastruqtura da servisebi, irigacia) da uzrunvelyofs polisebisa da proeqtebis dakreditirebas adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis (jandacva, ganaTleba da socialuri dacva), biznesis konkurentunarianobisa da sajaro finansebis marTvis gaumjobesebisaTvis. rekonstruqciisa da ganviTarebis evropuli banki da saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia mxars uWers investiciebis farTo speqtrs kerZo seqtorSi da germaniis ganviTarebis TanamSromlobasTan erTad KfW-s meSveobiT exmareba qveyanas energetikis sferosa da finansebis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxebSi. evropuli sainvesticio banki da iaponia gzebis infrastruqturis gaumjobesebas daafinansebs. energetikis, soflis meurneobisa da soflis ganviTarebis, ganaTlebis, jandacvisa da socialuri dacvis sferoebSi mTavari donorebia evrokavSiri da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia mxars uWers makroekonomikur stabilurobas sarezervo (standby) kreditebis meSveobiT, rCevebs iZleva gadasaxadebis administrirebaze. organizaciam aseve Seafasa fulis gaTeTrebis sawinaaRmdego politikis ganxorcieleba. TanamSromlobis misaRwevad da dublirebebis Tavidan asarideblad ADB-ma qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis formulirebis procesSi detaluri konsultaciebi gamarTa sxva donor organizaciebTan.

20

ADB, strategia 2020-is Sualeduri Sefaseba: gardaqmnis procesSi myofi aziisa da wynari okeanis regionis gamowvevebze reagireba, manila. 21 ganviTarebis sakoordinacio cxrili mocemulia qveynisa da portfelis indikatorebis cxril 5- Si (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si mocemuli dokumentebis siaSi miTiTebul dokumentebSi).

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b. ADB-is qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategia 15. qveynis partniorobis strategia efuZneba ADB-s strategia 2020-s Sualedur Sefasebas da srulad pasuxobs saqarTvelos 2020 strategias. igi mowodebulia daaCqaros inkluziuri ekonomikuri zrda regionuli kavSirebis gafarToebiTa da garemosdacviTi mdgradi ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofiT. misi prioritetuli seqtorebi (transporti, wyalmomarageba da kanalizacia, energetika, sajaro seqtoris marTva da finansebi) ADB-s saqmianobaTa ZiriTadi sferoebis farglebSi Tavsdeba. orive dokumentSi mocemuli cvlilebaTa berketebi moicavs kerZo seqtoris, mmarTvelobisa da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebas da codnaze dafuZnebul gadawyvetilebebs.

1. strategiuli dRis wesrigi 16. inkluziuri ekonomikuri zrda. qveynis partniorobis strategia ZiriTadad fokusirebulia pirvel (maRali da mdgradi zrda ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis Seqmnisa da gafarToebisaTvis) da meore elementze (ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebisadmi farTo xelmisawvdomoba). igi pasuxobs inkluziuri ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar barierTagan zogierTs, maT Soris transportis, energetikis, sabaziso urbanuli infrastruqturis xarvezebsa da kerZo seqtoris finansebTan arasakmaris xelmisawvdomobas. ADB xels Seuwyobs inkluziur ekonomikur zrdas Semdegi saxis daxmarebis aRmoCeniT: (1) Sida da regionalur bazrebTan kavSirebis gaumjobeseba; (2) sasmeli wyliT momaragebis, sakanalizacio da sanitaruli sabaziso servisebis ufro metad xelmisawvdomobisa da sandoobis uzrunvelyofa, gansakuTrebiT mcire qalaqebSi, romlebic turizmisa da agrobiznesisaTvis potenciur kvanZebs (habebs) warmoadgens; (3) eleqtroenergiis sistemebis usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis gaumjobeseba, gansakuTrebiT CamorCenili regionebis TemebSi; (4) sajaro seqtoris marTvis gaZliereba da (5) finansebTan xelmisawvdomobis gazrda, gansakuTrebiT Tbiliss gareT arsebuli mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebisaTvis da klientebisaTvis. infrastruqturuli investiciebi, politikis reformasTan da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebis mxardaWerasTan kombinaciaSi, gaaumjobesebs socialur mdgomareobas da ekonomikur SesaZleblobebs mcire zomis qalaqebSi da waaxalisebs investicias, axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas da xels Seuwyobs Semosavlis miRebas im adgilebSi, sadac amis yvelaze didi saWiroeba arsebobs. qveynis partniorobis strategia mxars uWers inkluziuri zrdis mesame elementsac (adeqvaturi socialuri dacvis miwodeba siRaribisa da mowyvladobis aRmosafxvrelad) polisebze dafuZnebuli dakreditebis meSveobiT saSinao resursebis mobilizaciis gaumjobesebisaTvis da saqarTvelos dasaxmareblad fiskaluri marTvis gaZlierebaSi, rac Tavis mxriv saSualo xangZlivobis perspeqtivaSi socialuri xarjebis ufro maRali doneebis SenarCunebas Seuwyobs xels22. kapitaluri

22 mesame elementis xelSewyoba aseve mimdinareobs msoflio bankis mravalwliani ganviTarebis politikis dakreditebiT jandacvis, ganaTlebisa da socialuri dacvis sferoebSi da evrokavSiris, aSS-s da sxva ormxrivi donorebis mier gamoyofili dafinansebiT (jandacvis, ganaTlebisa da profesiuli swavlebisaTvis). aTaswleulis gamowvevis korporaciam gamoyo 140 milioni aSS dolaris granti dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTlebisaTvis, teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTlebisa da swavlebisaTvis da sauniversiteto ganaTlebisaTvis (kursebi

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bazrebisa da sapensio reformis mxardaWera daexmareba saqarTvelos socialuri dacvis mdgradi sistemis ganviTarebaSi saSinao danazogebis gamomuSavebis gazrdisa da xangZlivmoqmedi dafinansebis mobilizaciisaTvis. 17. regionuli integracia. ADB daexmareba saqarTvelos moaxdinos misi satransporto koridorisa da regionuli savaWro potencialis realizeba dakreditebisa da codnis miwodebis meSveobiT, maT Soris dialogis gaZlierebas samxreT kavkasiaSi arsebuli oficialuri, teqnikuri da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebisa da qselebis meSveobiT23. aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli magistrali Seamcirebs gadaadgilebis drosa da xarjebs mTavar regionul savaWro marSutze da Seavsebs ADB-s mier somxeTis CrdiloeT-samxreTi gzis koridorisaTvis gamoyofil daxmarebas. mravalmodaluri satransporto politikisa da regionis doneze eleqtroenergiiT vaWroba daexmareba saqarTvelos regionul da globalur bazrebze integrirebaSi. ADB xels Seuwyobs kerZo investiciebs RirebulebaTa jaWvSi da logistikur obieqtebze savaWro konkurentunarianobis gaumjobesebis mizniT. ADB mezobel qveynebs erTad mouyris Tavs regionuli satransporto, eleqtroenergiiT vaWrobisa da sxva ekonomikuri sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad. codnis gaziarebaze dafuZnebuli iniciativebi, romelTa mizani saqarTvelos gamocdilebis gamoyenebaa sabaJo reformisa da vaWrobis xelSewyobis sakiTxebSi, gagrZeldeba, gansakuTrebiT centraluri aziis regionuli ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis qveynebSi. 18. mdgradi garemosdacviTi zrda. ADB daafinansebs sufTa energiis da energoefeqturobis, wylis miwodebisa da kanalizaciis, myari narCenebis marTvis proeqtebs. ADB-s mier dafinansebuli proeqtis dagegmva da sainJinro proeqtireba yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs klimatis cvlilebebis adaptaciisa da gamZleobis sakiTxebze, maT Soris bunebrivi katastrofebis riskebis gaTvaliswinebaze. ADB xels Seuwyobs energoefeqtur wylis sistemebsa da Camdinare wylebis gadamuSavebas, mdgrad municipalur gegmebs da waaxalisebs mdgrad urbanul transports, maT Soris dabalnaxSirbadian mobilurobasa da masobriv satransporto sistemebs. gzebis infrastruqturis da transportis marTvis gaumjobeseba xels Seuwyobs transportiT gamowveuli zianisa da dabinZurebis Semcirebas. ADB daexmareba mTavrobas gazardos SesaZleblobebi klimatis cvlilebebis gamowveuli riskebis Semcirebisa da adaptaciisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT regionuli teqnikuri daxmarebiTa da codnis gaziarebiT. aRniSnuli moicavs mxardaWeras proeqtis momzadebis etapze katastrofebis riskebis Seswavlisa da riskebis Semcirebis efeqturi strategiebis SemuSavebaSi.

mecnierebaSi, maTematikasa da sainJinro sferoebSi). detalebi ixileT ganviTarebis sakoordinacio cxrilSi, romelic mocemulia qveynisa da potfelios indikatorebis cxril 5-Si (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si mocemuli dokumentebis siaSi miTiTebul dokumentebSi). 23 2013 wlis bolos, aqtiuri suverenuli portfelios 56% uWerda mxars regionul integracias.

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2. prioritetuli seqtorebi 19. ADB fokusirebas moaxdens seqtorebze, romelSic mas SedarebiT Zlieri mxareebi gaaCnia da didi zomisa da kompleqsur sajaro investiciebs, politikisa da institucionalur reformebs da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebas saWiroebs. ADB (1) mxars dauWers infrastruqturis ganviTarebas ADB–s arsebuli multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmebisa da SerCeuli strategiuli proeqtebis gamoyenebiT; (2) polisebis reformebis, SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebis teqnikuri daxmarebisa da sesxebis komponentebs mWidrod dauaxloebs strategiul prioritetebs da (3) moaxdens codnis produqtebis sainvesticio saqmianobebSi integrirebas saqmianobaTa Semdgomi gafarToebebisaTvis aucilebeli gamocdilebis misaRebad. kavSirebis, eleqtroenergiis qselebis, mcire qalaqebSi sabaziso urbanul servisebTan xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebiT, ADB-s daxmareba Seavsebs mTavrobis mier dafinansebul programebs soflis meurneobisa da soflis ganviTarebis seqtorebSi. sakonsultacio da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebis xelSewyoba finansebis, sajaro seqtoris marTvis da mmarTvelobis seqtorebSi infrastruqturuli servisebis miwodebis gaumjobesebis garantia gaxdeba. teqnikuri daxmarebis programa gaaZlierebs ganviTarebis gavlenas da mimdinare infrastruqturul investiciebs ufro mdgrads, xolo zrdas, romelsac isini xels uwyobs, ufro inkluziurs gaxdis. yovelive es xels Seuwyobs sajaro-kerZo partniorobas da mTavrobis infrastruqturuli da servisebis miwodebis ambiciuri miznebis Sesrulebas. 20. transporti. aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli magistrali dausrulebelia da Sida mniSvnelobisa da adgilobrivi gzebi cud mdgomareobaSia. ADB daexmareba saqarTvelos aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli magistralis sxva satransporto reJimebTan integrirebaSi da xels Seuwyobs erovnuli satransporto politikis Camoyalibebas ufro efeqtiani, xelmisawvdomi da mdgradi transportirebis uzrunvelsayofad24. aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli magistralis multitranSuli dafinansebis mimdinare meqanizmis efeqtiani ganxorcieleba daakavSirebs regionul centrebsa da qveynis CamorCenil nawilebs erTmaneTTan saSinao da adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis gaumjobesebiTa da bazrebTan dakavSirebiT, rac zrdas ufro inkluziurs gaxdis25. ADB-s saqarTvelos daexmareba gzebis teqnikuri standartebisa da specifikaciebis modernizebaSi, rac Seamcirebs seqtorSi arsebul mniSvnelovan, rogorc teqnikur aseve proeqtis marTvis unarebTan dakavSirebul, xarvezebs da gazrdis gzebis usafrTxoebas. teqnikuri daxmareba gaaZlierebs infrastruqturis saoperacio da finansuri mdgradobisaTvis arsebiT sajaro-kerZo partniorobas, kerZod ki sesrulebis xarisxze dafuZnebul dakontraqtebasa da fasiani gzebis SemoRebas.

24

ADB. 2009. direqtorTa sabWos angariSi da rekomendaciebi: SemoTavazebuli mravaltranSiani safinanso instrumenti saqarTvelos gzebis derefnis sainvesticio programisaTvis. manila. $258 milioni saerTo Rirebulebis ori tranSi mravaltranSiani safinanso instrumentis farglebSi qobuleTis SemovliTi gzis 34 km-iani monakveTisTvis.

25 meoradi gzebis 38% da Sida gzebis 54% cud an Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia, rac bazris

xelmisawvdomobas uSlis xels.

11

21. wylis, sanitaruli da satransporto urbanuli servisebi26. urbanizaciis swrafi tempi xels uwyobs ekonomikur zrdas, magram damatebiT wnexs warmoadgens sabaziso servisebis miwodebasa da garemoze. problemebi moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa arasaimedo sasmeli wyali, kanalizaciis arasakmarisi gamarTuloba da Camdinare wylebis gadamuSavebis simcire. yuradReba unda mieqces sajaro satransporto sistemebs, maT Soris qalaqTaSoris kavSirebsa da qveiTmavalTa obieqtebs. ADB gamoiyenebs urbanuli transportirebis, wylis momaragebisa da sanitaruli seqtoris multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmebis arsebul saqmianobebs konkurentunariani, socialurad inkluziuri da garemos dacvis TvalsazrisiT jansaRi da sicocxlisunariani qalaqebis ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad27. aRniSnuli moiTxovs integrirebul urbanul dagegmvasa da politikis formulirebas, maT Soris qalaqis ganviTarebis gegmebsa da Semdgom investiciebs. ADB daakmayofilebs mcire qalaqebisa da meorexarisxovani qalaqebis sabaziso infrastruqturul saWiroebebs, romlebic xels uwyobs ekonomikur kavSirebs soflebsa da bazris centrebs Soris. ADB gaaZlierebs organizaciaSi arsebul fokuss Camdinare wylisa da myari narCenebis marTvaze, gaagrZelebs wyalmomaragebis sistemis saoperacio da marTviTi Sesrulebis gaumjobesebas da daxmarebas aRmouCens qveyanas mdgradi da efeqtiani urbanuli servisebis politikisa da regulatoruli reformebisaTvis, maT Soris sajaro-kerZo partniorobebis meSveobiT. 22. energetika. ADB gaagrZelebs da kvlavac daexmareba saqarTvelos qveynis eleqtroenergiis gadacemisa da distribuciis qselis gaumjobesebaSi da gaaumjobesebs energoefeqtianobas moZvelebuli aqtivebis reabilitaciis meSveobiT28. kerZo seqtoris saqmianobebi xels Seuwyobs naxSirbadis dabal moxmarebaze dafuZnebul ganviTarebas eleqtroenergiis generirebis dafinansebiT. eleqtroenergiis regionul doneze gadacemis gaumjobesebis mimdinare da samomavlo mxardaWera xels Seuwyobs sistemis sandoobasa da energoefeqturobas, xolo eleqtroenergiis eqsportisaTvis aucilebeli fizikuri obieqtebis aSeneba kidev ufro gaaZlierebs progress regionuli TanamSromlobisa da integraciis procesSi29. es iniciativebi xels Seuwyobs klimatis cvlilebiT gamowveuli negatiuri Sedegebis Serbilebas da adaptacias. ADB iTanamSromlebs ganviTarebis partniorebTan maregulirebeli politikisa da instituciuri reformebis mxardasaWerad, rac jansaR maregulirebel garemos ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels da Seqmnis garantiebs

26

urbanuli transporti ganixileba wylisa da sxva urbanuli infrastruqturisa da servisebis farglebSi, Tumca aseve CarTulia transportis seqciaSi Sedegebis CarCoSi. 27

ADB, 2010 weli, direqtorTa sabWos angariSi da rekomendaciebi: SemoTavazebuli multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmi saqarTvelos mdgradi urbanuli transportis sainvesticio programisaTvis, ADB, 2011. direqtorTa sabWos angariSi da rekomendaciebi: SemoTavazebuli multitranSuli dafinansebis meqanizmi saqarTvelos urbanuli servisebis gaumjobesebis sainvesticio programisaTvis, manila. 28

miuxedavad imisa, rom eleqtroenergiis gadacemisa da distribuciis sistema mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, misi umetesoba kvlavac damokidebulia Zalzed Zvel da potenciurad arasando teqnologiaze. arsebuli hidroeleqtrosadgurebis saSualo asaki 37 welia, yvelaze Zveli sadgurebi ukve 75 welia funqcionirebs da Canacvlebas saWiroebs. 29

ADB, 2012 weli, direqtorTa sabWos angariSi da rekomendaciebi: SemoTavazebuli sesxi saqarTvelos regionuli eleqtroenergiis gadacemis mxardaWeris proeqti, manila.

12

kerZo seqtoris investiciebisaTvis, maT Soris sazRvarTSorisi gadacemis kavSirebisa da eleqtroenergiiT vaWrobisaTvis30. 23. sajaro seqtoris marTva. sajaro seqtoris marTva saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, magram jer kidev sustia. politikaze dafuZnebuli dakreditebis meSveobiT, ADB mxars dauWers sajaro seqtoris marTvis reformebs saSinao danazogebis gazrdisaTvis da gaaumjobesebs samarTlebriv, maregulirebel da institucionalur CarCos kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis. ADB gansakuTrebiT dauWers mxars Senatanebze dafuZnebuli sapensio sqemebis danergvas, efeqturi konkurenciis saagentos Camoyalibebas, sagadasaxado reformebs da sajaro-kerZo partniorobebis samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli CarCos gaumjobesebas31. ADB daexmareba saqarTvelos kapitalur biujetirebasa da sajaro valis marTvaSi. 24. finansebi. ADB daexmareba mTavrobas kerZo seqtoris finansebTan xelmisawvdomobis gazrdaSi, maT Soris agrobiznesis, sacalo gayidvis, mcire warmoebisa da turistul sferoebSi momuSave mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebisaTvis politikaze dafuZnebuli dakreditebisa da teqnikuri grantebis meSveobiT. ADB daexmareba saqarTvelos safinanso seqtoris ganviTarebis xelSewyobaSi. ADB xels Seuwyobs ufro sasurveli samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli CarCos ganviTarebas arasabanko safinanso institutebis, maT Soris sapensio fondebisaTvis. ADB daexmareba samTavrobo fasiani qaRaldebisa da korporaciuli safondo bazrebis SemuSavebas kapitaluri bazris ganviTarebiT, maT Soris adgilobrivi fulis erTeulis obligaciebis gamocemas. ADB–s kerZo seqtoris saqmianobebi gaagrZelebs komerciuli bankebisaTvis mimdinare mxardaWeras mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebis dakreditebis gafarToebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos regionebSi.

3. cvlilebaTa stimulirebis berketebi 25. kerZo seqtoris ganviTareba da kerZo seqtoris saqmianoba. ADB xels Seuwyobs kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebas (i) sajaro da kerZo servisebis miwodebis gziT ZiriTadi infrastruqturuli Seferxebebisa da unarebis deficitis aRmofxvras; (ii) biznesis keTebisaTvis aucilebeli samarTlebrivi, maregulirebeli da instituciuri CarCos gaumjobesebiT; (iii) kerZo seqtoris mier finansebTan xelmisawvdomobis gazrdiT, da (iv) sajaro-kerZo partniorobebisaTvis mastimulirebeli garemos gaZlierebiT. ADB xels Seuwyobs sajaro-kerZo partniorobisa da samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli RonisZiebebis ganviTarebas. sajaro-kerZo partniorobebis CarCoebis maRal doneze mxardaWeriT da mTavrobis SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebiT ADB Seiswavlis SesaZleblobebs saqarTvelosaTvis sajaro-kerZo partniorobis

30

msoflio bankis mier aRmoCenili mxardaWera hidroeleqtroenergiis seqtorSi strategiul garemosdacviT Sefasebis CatarebisaTvis safuZvels qmnis hidroeleqtroenergiis seqtoris Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. 31 mocemuli momentisaTvis sajaro-kerZo partniorobebs xels uSlis aradeqvaturi samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli CarCo, romelic ar uwyobs xels investorebis ndobis gazrdas da xels uSlis kerZo seqtoris srul monawileobas ekonomikur zrdaSi.

13

proeqtebis SemuSavebasa da momzadebaSi daxmarebis aRmosaCenad garigebis sakonsultacio servisebis miwodebiT, maT Soris transportisa da logistikis infrastruqturis sferoebSi. finansuri bazrebis gaumjobesebis mizniT ADB mxars dauWers saerTaSoriso angariSgebis standartebis gamoyenebas finansuri institutebis gamZleobisa da servisebis miwodebis, gamWvirvalobisa da korporatiuli mmarTvelobis gaumjobesebisa da kapitaluri bazrebis ganviTarebis waxalisebisaTvis. daxmareba finansuri CarTulobis gaZlierebisaTvis xels Seuwyobs momxmareblebsa da mewarmeebs Soris finansuri sakiTxebis codnis gaumjobesebasa da soflebsa da mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebSi finansuri servisebisadmi xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas. 26. sicocxlisunariani investiciebis gamoCenisTanave ADB gaafarToebs organizaciis kerZo seqtorTan dakavSirebul saqmianobebs. ADB-s kerZo seqtoris saqmianobebis departamenti Seiswavlis investiciebis SesaZleblobas eleqtroenergiis generaciis, transportis, logistikisa da agrobiznesis sferoebSi. garda amisa, ADB gaagrZelebs kvalificiuri komerciuli bankebis mxardaWeras sesxebisa da vaWrobis dafinansebis sagarantio meqanizmebis meSveobiT, aseve mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebisa da soflis meurneobis dafinansebas. ADB-m aseve SesaZloa Seiswavlos SesaZleblobebi komerciuli bankebis mier proeqtebis dafinansebis SesaZleblobis ganviTarebisaTvis. 27. efeqtiani mmarTveloba da SesaZleblobaTa ganviTareba. ADB xels Seuwyobs institucionaluri reformebis ganxorcielebas SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebiT, institucionaluri CarCoebis gaumjobesebiT da mmarTvelobis sistemebis gaZlierebiT. ADB mxars dauWers seqtorul reformebs Semdegi miznebis misaRwevad: 1) dagegmvis ganviTareba; 2) Sesyidvis, auditis, angariSgebisa da finansuri marTvis SesaZleblobebis gaZliereba ganmaxorcielebel organizaciebSi; (3) ganmaxorcielebeli organizaciebis maregulirebeli zedamxedvelobis (maT Soris antikorufciuli zomebis) gaZliereba. infrastruqturis miwodebis sajaro seqtoris finansuri marTvis gaumjobeseba waxalisdeba teqnikuri daxmarebis meSveobiT Semdegi miznebis misaRwevad: (1) proeqtebis marTvis ufro gamWvirvale da efeqtiani polisebi da procedurebi da (2) Senobebisa da nagebobebis remontis gaumjobesebuli dafinanseba da marTva, maT Soris xarjebis ukeTesi amoReba. 28. ADB amzadebs qveynis garantiebis CarCo dokuments. ADB gamoavlens xarvezebs erovnul moTxovnebsa da ADB-s garantiebis politikis gancxadebas (2009) Soris da rekomendacias gascems garantiebis CarCo dokumentis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. ADB da saqarTvelo erToblivad SeimuSavebs qveynis garantiebis CarCo dokuments, rogorc codnis produqts ufro efeqtiani da qmediTi garantiebis Sesaqmnelad da proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis. 29. genderuli Tanasworoba. ADB gegmavs genderuli Tanasworobis mxardaWeras ADB-s Sesabamis proeqtebSi genderuli Tanasworobis principebis integrireba. ufro farTo genderuli gavlenis miRweva SesaZlebelia: (i) sqesis mixedviT mowodebuli monacemebis gamoyenebis xelSewyobiT da genderuli analiziT, romelic proeqtis SemuSavebis etapze Caideba; (ii) ADB-s mier

14

mxardaWerili proeqtebiT Seqmnil samuSao adgilebSi qalebis mier aplikaciebis Semotanis waxalisebiT; (iii) qali kandidatebis ganxilvis waxalisebiT ADB-s mier mxardaWeril organizaciebSi, da (iv) proeqtis sakomunikacio strategiebis ganviTarebiT, romlebic qalTa problemebs iTvaliswinebs. sadac SesaZlebelia, proeqtebSi aucilebelia genderuli samoqmedo gegmebis integrireba maxasiaTeblebiT, samizneebiTa da indikatorebiT, romlebic qalebis monawileobasa da proeqtebis mier Seqmnili sargeblisadmi xelmisawvdomobas uwyobs xels. ADB mxars dauWers qalTa xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebas finansebisadmi politikaze dafuZnebuli dakreditirebisa da imgvari teqnikuri daxmarebis gamoyofiT, romelic finansur CarTulobas uzrunvelyofs. 30. codnaze dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebebi. ADB xels Seuwyobs ADB-s saqarTvelos portfelidan da sxva ofisebidan miRebul, dagrovebul da gavrcelebul codnaze dafuZnebul gadawyvetilebebs. codnaze dafuZnebuli dagegmili produqtebi moicavs saqarTvelos gamocdilebis gavrcelebas geografiuli sainformacio sistemebis gamoyenebaSi infrastruqturis aqtivebis marTvis gaumjobesebis mizniT. ADB aseve gamoiyenebs ADB-s masStabiT dagrovebul codnas proeqtebis SemuSavebisa da reformebis programebisaTvis. moxdeba warmatebuli programebidan gamocdilebisa da gakveTilebis amokreba da gavrceleba sxvadasxva dokumentebis (SeniSvnebi politikis doneze) da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis RonisZiebebis meSveobiT. moxdeba samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis finansuri seqtoris gamocdilebis, kerZod ki obligaciebis bazris ganviTarebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis gaziareba, aseve profesiul organizaciebs Soris gacvlebis organizeba. ADB iTanamSromlebs finansTa saministros akademiasTan, adgilobriv universitetebTan da kvleviT centrebTan codnis farTod gaziarebis xelSewyobisaTvis. ADB-s strategia 2020-s Sualeduri Sefasebis Sesabamisad da “erTi ADB-s” midgomis gamoyenebiT codnis marTvisadmi, ADB-s saqarTvelos mudmivi warmomadgenloba saTaveSi Caudgeba qveynis saWiroebaTa (codna) gegmisa da mcire teqnikur daxmarebas ganxorcielebis mxardasaWerad32.

III. strategiis ganxorcieleba

a. resursebi 31. qveynis partniorobis strategiis dafinanseba Seadgens 1 miliard aSS dolars33. 516 milioni aSS dolaris daxmarebis paketis SeTavazeba moxda qveynis saqmianobaTa biznes gegmisaTvis (2015-2017 wlebi), romelic moicavs Cveulebrivi fuladi resursebis dakreditebas 383.5 milioni aSS dolarisa da aziis ganviTarebis fondis dakreditebas 132.5 milioni aSS dolaris odenobiT34.

32

saqmianobebi warimarTeba Semdgi dokumentebiT: strategia 2020-is Sualeduri Sefasebis dokumentiT (ix. SeniSvna 20) da ADB, 2013 weli, codnis marTvis mimarTulebebi da samoqmedo gegma 2013-2015 wlebisaTvis. manila. qveynis codnis gegma SemuSavebis procesSia. 33

moicavs sajaro da kerZo seqtoris sesxebs da finansuri garantiebis produqtebs. 34

ADB-m daamtkica ADF-s resursebisadmi saqarTvelos xelmisawvdomobis dasruleba, romelic 2017 wlis 1 ianvridan amoqmeddeba. 2015-2017 wlebis ganmavlobaSi damtkicebisaTvis xelmisawvdomia resursebi 482.5 milioni aSS dolaris saxiT, romelTagan 350 milioni aSS dolari Cveulebrivi

15

2014 wels SeTavazebuli dakreditireba 183 milion aSS dolars Seadgens, qveynis partniorobis strategiis 2014-2017 wlebisaTvis gansazRvruli Tanxa 699 milion aSS dolars Seadgens. igegmeba Tanadafinansebis uzrunvelyofa ADB-s daxmarebis Sedegis gazrdis mizniT. qveynis saoperacio ganviTarebis biznes gegmis farglebSi saSualod yovelwliurad igegmeba 3.0 milioni aSS dolaris teqnikuri daxmarebis resursebis gamoyofa, romlis TiTqmis 50 procenti proeqtebis momzadebisaTvis iqneba gamoyofili. aRniSnuli resursebi Seivseba regionuli teqnikuri daxmarebiT da urbanuli da wylis partniorobis fondebiT. teqnikuri daxmarebis grantebis samiznes warmoadgens politikisa da instituciuri reforma inkluziurobisa da mdgradobis uzrunvelsayofad da infrastruqturis xarisxis gaumjobesebisaTvis. xarjebis ganawilebis RonisZiebebis farglebSi, ADB gegmavs mTeli portfelis masStabiT proeqtebis mTliani Rirebulebis 99 procentis dafinansebas. b. programis mimoxilva 32. qveynaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-gegma 2015-2017 wlebisaTvis detalurad aRwers saoperacio sistemas35. qveynis partniorobis strategiasTan TanxvedriT moxdeba suverenuli saqmianobebis aqcentireba 5 seqtorze: transporti, wylisa da sxva urbanuli infrastruqturis servisebi, energetika, sajaro seqtoris marTva da finansebi. sajaro seqtoris dakreditebis didi nawili Sedgeba tranSebisagan multitranSuli dafinansebis mimdinare meqanizmebis farglebSi urbanuli wylisa da sanitariuli momsaxurebis sferoebSi mcire da meoradi qalaqebisa da urbanuli transportisaTvis. politikaze dafuZnebuli dakrediteba sajaro seqtoris marTvisa da dafinansebisaTvis mxars dauWers sajaro resursebis xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas efeqtiani sajaro da kerZo investiciebisaTvis. qveynis saoperacio ganviTarebis biznes gegmis ganxorcielebis periodis ganmavlobaSi danarCeni sesxebiT dafinansdeba eleqtroenergiis gadamcemi qselebi da moxdeba Sida mniSvnelobis gzebis reabilitacia. orive proeqti gaafarToebs xelmisawvdomobas sajaro infrastruqturasTan da gaaumjobesebs kavSirebs.

ZiriTadi resursebia, xolo ADF-is dafinanseba 132.5 milioni aSS dolaria. qveynaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-gegmaSi $33.5 milioni programiT gaTvaliswinebuli xarjebis gadaWarbebis SemTxvevebisTvisaa gamoyofili. 35

qveyanaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-gegma 2015-2017 wlebisaTvis (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si CamoTvlil dokumentTa siaSi).

16

IV. Sedegebis marTva

a. monitoringi 33. ADB da mTavroba gamoiyenebs qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis dagegmil/samizne Sedegebs miRweuli progresis Sesamowmeblad36. moxdeba qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis Sedegebis yovelwliuri ganaxleba qveyanaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-gegmebis momzadebisa da portfelis Sefasebisas. aRniSnuli konsultaciebi xels Seuwyobs mTavrobis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobasTan da saqarTvelos SesaZleblobebis cvalebad saWiroebebTan programis Tanxvedras. b. riskebi 34. makroekonomikuri marTvis riskebi. saqarTvelo makroekonomikuri riskebis winaSe dgas, romelic qveynis ekonomikis Riaobisa da misi ucxouri kapitalis Semodinebis mimarT gamZleobas uzrunvelyofs. aRniSnuli riskebi mwvavdeba regionuli faqtorebiT, maT Soris iseTi faqtoriT, rogoricaa uwyveti daZabuloba ruseTis federaciasTan. politikuri Serigeba ruseTis federaciasTan da mWidro ekonomikuri kavSirebis aRdgena xangrZlivi da rTuli procesia, romelsac kidev ufro arTulebs regionis arastabiluroba da saqarTvelos swrafva evrokavSirTan mWidro integraciisaken. savaWro da mimdinare angariSebis maRali deficiti da saSinao danazogebis dabali done saqarTvelos mowyvlads xdis eqsportis, fuladi gzavnilebisa da pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis Semodinebis uecari cvlilebebisadmi, romelmac SesaZloa uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdinos zrdasa da Semosavlebze. saqarTvelos sagareo regulirebaSi dasaxmareblad ADB (i) Caatarebs miznobriv sakonsultacio samuSaos finansuri seqtoris gaZlierebis mizniT, da (ii) mxars dauWers gazrdil konkurentunarianobas da produqtiulobas eleqtroenergiis, transportisa da urbanuli infrastruqturis gaumjobesebiT. 35. proeqtis marTvis riskebi. mTavrobis mier Catarebulma riskebis marTvam gamoavlina riskebi da Semarbilebeli RonisZiebebi qveynisa da seqtoris doneebze37. ZiriTadi riskebi moicavs decentralizaciis reformebs, romelmac SesaZloa gamowvevebis winaSe daayenos aqtivebis efeqtiani marTva da servisis miwodeba (im SemTxvevaSi Tuki jerovnad ar iqneba Sedgenili da ganxorcielebuli). maregulirebeli da politikis reformebis mimarT arasakmarisma yuradRebam SeiZleba Seaferxos servisebis miwodeba, xolo instituciurma da Senobebisa da nagebobebis remontis dafinansebis xarvezebma Seamciros proeqtis mdgradoba.

36 qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis Sedegebi (danarTi 1). 37

riskebis Sefasebisa da riskebis marTvis gegma wlebisaTvis (xelmisawvdomia danarT 2-Si CamoTvlil dokumentTa siaSi).

17

maSin rodesac infrastruqturis proeqtebi rogorc wesi xarisxianadaa Sedgenili, ganxorcieleba ferxdeba susti SesyidvebiTa da samSeneblo zedamxedvelobiT38. am riskebis Sesamcireblad, ADB gamoyofs teqnikur daxmarebas sajaro seqtoris marTvisa da mTavrobasTan dialogisaTvis seqtoruli politikisa da maregulirebeli reformebis Sesaxeb infrastruqturuli investiciebis SesanarCuneblad. ADB aseve gamoyofs regionul teqnikur daxmarebas, romlis mizanic mTavrobis SesaZleblobis mxardaWeraa garantiebis Seqmnasa da SesyidvebSi. qveynisaTvis gamoyofili wliuri portfelio da qveynis programirebis Sefasebebi uzrunvelyofs miwodebis monitorings SeTanxmebul qmedebebze proeqtis ganxorcielebisa da Sedegebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. gadaidgmeba nabijebi saqarTvelos mudmivi warmomadgenlobis programirebisa da proeqtis administrirebis zedamxedvelobis, aseve codnis marTvis SesaZleblobis gazrdisaTvis39.

38 sakonsultacio momsaxurebis gamwevi inJinrebisa da kontraqtorebis xarisxi portfelios masStabiT araTanmimdevrulia, rac dRis wesrigSi tenderebis xarisxze meti yuradRebis gamaxvilebis saWiroebas ayenebs. 39 qveyanaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-gegma 2015-2017 wlebisaTvis moicavs mciremasStabiani teqnikuri daxmarebis resursebs mudmivi warmomadgenlobis dasaxmareblad qveynaSi saWiroebebis (codna) Sefasebis Sedegad SemuSavebuli gegmis moqmedebaSi mosayvanad.

18 danarTi 1

qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis Sedegebi

qveynis ganviTarebis miznebi 1. mSp-is Zlieri da inkluziuri zrda, romelic 2014 wlidan 2018 wlamde saSualod wliurad 7%-s aRwevs. 2. fasebis stabiluroba, inflaciis saSualo wliuri 5%-iani maCvenebeli 3. gaumjobesebuli gare balansi mimdinare angariSis deficitis SemcirebasTan erTad, romelic 2018 wlisaTvis mSp-is 6%-s Seadgens. 4. fiskaluri momWirneoba/keTilgoniereba, biujetis deficiti kvlavac mSp-is 3%-ia. 5. umuSevrobis done Semcirda 14.6 procentidan 2013 wels 13 procentamde 2018 wels. 6. GINI koeficientis Semcireba 2010 wels 0.43 moxmarebis xarjebidan 2018 wels 0.38-ze naklebi maCvenebliT. 7. saSualo moxmarebis 60%-is qvemoT mcxovrebi mosaxleobis Semcireba 21.4%-dan 2013 wels 20%-mde 2018 wels.

ADB-is programuli xelSewyobis mizniT SerCeuli seqtorebi mTavrobis winaSe

arsebuli seqtoruli amocanebi

seqtoris Sedegebi ADB-is

TanamonawileobiT

ADB-is programuli intervenciis sferoebi

ADB-is resursebis ganawileba 2014-2017

wlebisTvis da strategiuli prioritetebi

1. transporti (ZiriTadi sfero 1: infrastruqtura, ZiriTadi sfero 2: garemos dacva da ZiriTadi sfero 3: regionuli integracia) satransporto da logistikuri infrastruqturisa da servisebis gaumjobeseba

Sedegi: met adamians aqvs wvdoma efeqtian, sando, saimedo da mdgrad satransporto sistemaze, maT Soris urbanul dasaxlebebSi indikatori: obieqtebis raodenoba 10,000 daregistrirebul manqanaze mcirdeba 4.7-mde 2018 wels (2013 wlis sawyisi maCvenebeli: 5.5). sul mcire 2.5 milioni anakliaSi, baTumSi, rusTavsa da TbilisSi mcxovrebi adamiani sargeblobs gaumjobesebuli satransporto servisebiT (maT Soris sajaro transportiTa da gzebis gafarToebiT) 2018 wlisaTvis (2012 wlis sawyisi maCvenebeli 0) sajaro transportiT

Cqarosnuli magistralebis, erovnuli, meorexarisxovani da urbanuli gzebis mSenebloba da reabilitacia sagzao da seqtorTan dakavSirebuli satransporto polisebi da reformebi gzis SekeTeba da usafrTxoeba gzaze sajaro transporti da urbanuli dagegmva

$156 milioni anu qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis 22%, rac moicavs: ESG: 100% GEM: 0% PSD: 0% RCI: 64%

danarTi 1 19

mosargeble Tbilisis urbanuli mosaxleoba izrdeba 59%-mde 2018 wels (2011 wlis sawyisi maCvenebeli 54%). dRiuri moZraobis wliuri saSualo maCvenebeli senaki-foTi-sarfi gzis 64 km monakveTze gaizarda 7500 manqaniT 2018 wlisaTvis (2013 wlis sawyisi maCvenebeli 6000%).

2. wylisa da urbanuli infrastruqturis sxva servisebi (ZiriTadi sfero 1: infrastruqtura, ZiriTadi sfero 2: garemos dacva) wylis miwodebisa da narCenebis marTvis ganviTarebuli Tanamedrove sistemebi

Sedegi: met adamians aqvs wvdoma sando, saimedo da xarisxian wyalmomaragebaze gaumjobesebuli sanitaruli servisebi indikatori: urbanuli mosaxleobis procentuloba, romelsac gaaCnia xelmisawvdomoba wylis miwodebis sistemasTan milebiT gaizarda sulm mcire 86%-iT 2018 wels (2013 wlis sawyisi monacemi 75%). urbanuli mosaxleobis procentuloba, romelsac gaaCnia xelmisawvdomoba sakanalizacio sistemasTan (milebiT) izrdeba 72%-mde 2018 wlisaTvis (2013 wlis sawyisi monacemi 64%).

sasmeli wylis da sanitaruli sistemebi da Camdinare wylis marTva urbanuli dagegmareba, satarifo polisebis reformebi da seqtoris ganviTareba

$292 milioni anu qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis 42%, rac moicavs: ESG: 100% GEM: 97% PSD: 0% RCI: 0%

20 danarTi 1

mosaxleoba, romelsac gaaCnia gaumjobesebul sanitarul pirobebTan xelmisawvdomoba izrdeba 95%-mde 2018 wels (2012 wlis sawyisi monacemi 93.3%).

3. energetika (ZiriTadi sfero 1: infrastruqtura, ZiriTadi sfero 3: regionuli integracia) gazrdili energetikuli

usafrTxoeba da

eleqtroenergiis sando

da efeqtiani miwodeba

yvela

momxmareblisaTvis

Sedegi: meti adamiani iyenebs gaumjobesebul saSinao energetikis miwodebas Sedegi: mezobel qveynebTan energovaWrobis moculobis zrda indikatori: eleqtroenergiis moxmareba erT sulze

izrdeba 2.690 kv/saaTSi 2018 wels (2013 wlis sawyisi

monacemi 2.158 kv/saaTSi) eleqtroenergiis eqsporti izrdeba saSinao generaciis sul mcire 17%-iT 2018 wlisaTvis (2013 wlis sawyisi

monacemi 4%) naxSirbadis wliuri

emisiebi mcirdeba

sul mcire 20

kilotoniT 2018

wlisaTvis (2010 wlis

sawyisi monacemi

6,241 kilotona)

eleqstroenergiis

gamomuSaveba/generir

eba, gadacema,

ganaxlebadi

energetika da

energoefeqtianoba

energetikis

seqtoris politika

da regulireba da

marTvis

gaumjobeseba

$50 milioni anu qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis 42%, rac moicavs: ESG: 100% GEM: 0% PSD: 0% RCI: 0%

4. sajaro seqtoris marTva (ZiriTadi sfero: saqmianobis sxva sferoebi) sajaro seqtoris marTvis gazrdili efeqtanoba da nayofiereba

Sedegi: gazrdili fiskaluri konsolidacia da sajaro resursebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba

valis, naRdi fulisa da fiskaluri riskis gaumjobesebuli marTva

$100 milioni anu qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis 14%, rac moicavs:

danarTi 1 21

indikatori: fiskaluri deficiti mcirdeba mSp-is 2.5 procentamde 2018 wels (2012 wlis sawyisi monacemi – 3.0%) sagadasaxado gadaxdebis akrefvis efeqtianoba gaizarda C-mde 2018 wlisaTvis PEFA PI-15 sazomis mixedviT (sawyisi monacemi: D) Sida auditis xarjviTi erTeulis efeqtianoba gaizarda B-mde 2018 wlisaTvis PEFA PI-21 sazomis mixedviT (2012 wlis sawyisi monacemi: C)

gaumjobesebuli sajaro safinanso marTva samarTlebrivi da maregulirebeli CarCo saSinao danazogebisa da kapitaluri bazrebis waxalisebisaTvis

ESG: 0% GEM: 63% PSD: 100% RCI: 0%

5. finansebi (ZiriTadi sfero 4: finansuri seqtoris ganviTareba) kerZo seqtoris gazrdili xelmisawvdomoba finansebisadmi

Sedegi: arasabanko safinano seqtori uzrunvelyofs finansuri Suamavlobis gazrdil doneebs Sedegi: efeqtiani da sando safinanso servisebis gazrdili gamoyeneba mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebis mier indikatori: bankis krediti mSp-isadmi izrdeba sul mcire 38%-iT 2018 wels (2012 wlis sabaziso monacemi: 35%)

finansuri seqtoris ganviTareba, fuli da kapitaluri bazrebi, dazRveva da sakontraqto danazogebi da mikro, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebis dafinanseba

$100 milioni anu qveynasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis 14%, rac moicavs: ESG: 0% GEM: 63% PSD: 100% RCI: 0%

22 danarTi 1

saSinao danazogebi

rogorc mSp

procenti izrdeba

sul mcire 22

procentiT 2018

wlisaTvis (2013

wlis sabaziso

monacemi: 12.3%)

finansebze wvdoma

adgilobrivi

fasiani qaRaldebis

bazris

klasifikaciis

meSveobiT

umjobesdeba sul

mcire 100-iT 2018

wlisaTvis (2013

wlis sabaziso

monacemi: 126)

ADB - aziis ganviTarebis banki, CPS - qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategia, ESG - garemosdacvis TvalsazrisiT mdgradi zrda; GDP – mSp; GEM = genderuli Tanasworobis principebis integrireba;

kWh – kv/saaTSi; MSME - mikro, mcire da saSualo biznesi; PEFA – sajaro danaxarjebi da finansuri angariSvaldebuleba; PI-15 – sagadasaxo gadaxdebis akrefis efeqtianoba; PI-21 – Sida auditis efeqtianoba; PSD = kerZo seqtoris ganviTareba da kerZo seqtoris operaciebi; RCI =

regionuli TanamSromloba da integracia.

wyaro: ADB, saqarTvelos mTavroba, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi da msoflio banki.

danarTi 2 23

dokumentebis CamonaTvali

http://www.adb.org/Documents/CPS/?id=GEO-2014 1. ekonomikuri analizi (sinofsisi) 2. siRaribis analizi (sinofsisi) 3. genderuli analizi (sinofsisi) 4. garemosdacviTi Sefaseba (sinofsisi) 5. kerZo seqtoris Sefaseba (sinofsisi) 6. seqtoris Sefaseba (sinofsisi): transporti 7. seqtoris Sefaseba (sinofsisi): wyali da sxva urbanuli infrastruqtura

da servisebi 8. seqtoris Sefaseba (sinofsisi): energetika 9. seqtoris Sefaseba (sinofsisi): sajaro seqtoris marTva 10. seqtoris Sefaseba (sinofsisi): finansebi 11. riskis Sefasebis da riskis marTvis gegma (sinofsisi) 12. qveyana da portfelios indikatorebi 13. qveynis mier miRweuli Sedegebis Sefasebis reitingebi 14. qveynis mier xarjebis gadanawilebis meqanizmebi da dasaSvebi xarjebis finansirebis parametrebi 15. qveyanasTan TanamSrmlobis strategiis formulireba 16. qveyanasTan TanamSromlobis strategiis saboloo Sefaseba 17. qveyanaSi operaciebis warmoebis biznes-gegma 2015-2017 wlebisaTvis 18. qveyanaSi operaciebis warmoebis saboloo Sefasebebis angariSi 2008-2012 damatebiTi dokumentebi 19. saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategia (saqarTvelo

2020) 20. saqarTvelos satransporto seqtoris Sefaseba, strategia da gzamkvlevi