saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti

SoTa gegiaZe

yuradRebisa da emociis mniSvneloba sasceno moZraobis Seswavlis

procesSi

xelovnebis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

disertaciis

avtoreferati

specialoba: msaxiobis saSemsruleblo xelovneba

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori

d. kobaxiZe

xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, fsiqologi

m. maCabeli

Tbilisi

2018

reziume

saxlidan auditoriamde studentis fsiqikaze agresiuli informaciuli

da teqnologiuri zewola xorcieldeba, rac Sesabamis gavlenas axdens

rogorc studentis, aseve gakveTilis saerTo emociuri fonis

formirebaze. am gziT formirebuli emociuri mdgomareobebi,

(informaciuli nevrozis saxiT),1 Tavis mxriv, konkretul azrobriv

formebsa da SinaarsebSi gamoixateba, yovelive es ki sabolood

studentTa qcevebSi poulobs asaxvas. gamomdinare aqedan, sasceno

moZraobis swavlebis procesSi gakveTilisadmi studentis Sesaferisi

ganwyobis Seqmna rTuli da xangrZlivi procesia.PSesabamisad, studentis

mier saswavlo programis aTvisebis Sedegebi, pirvel rigSi,

yuradRebasTan da gakveTilisdmi maT sawyis da Semdgom fsiqo-emociur

mdgomareobebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

Cveni upirvelesi mizania: maqsimalurad mokle droSi SevZloT studentSi

mimdinare emociuri mdgomareobebis amokiTxva da Sesabamisi pedagogiuri

xerxebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebiT movaxdinoT misi saWiro parametrebSi

moyvana. ra Tqma unda, pedagogis funqcia studentis emociebTan

mimarTebiT amiT ar amoiwureba, radganac studentis emociuri

mdgomareobebis cvalebadoba sasceno moZraobis gakveTilis msvlelobis

dros dakavSirebulia moZraobiTi unar-Cvevebis aTvisebis procesebTan da

studentis mier yuradRebis mokrebis, emociebis marTvisa da maTi

koreqtirebis unarianobasTan, rac Sesabamisi pedagogiuri meTodebisa da

xerxebis SemuSavebasa da gamoyenebas saWiroebs.

1 Севастьянов А. И. Общая театральная психология. 2007, გვ. 157. ავტორს მოყავს მ. მ. ხანანაშვილის

ტერმინი „ინფორმაციული ნევროზი“, რომელიც მიანიშნებს იმაზე, რომ ინფორმაციული გადატვირთვა

ზემოქმედებას ახდენს თანამედროვე ადამიანის ფსიქო-ფიზიკურ მდგომარეობაზე, რომელიც მიმდინარეობს

დროის დეფიციტის პირობებში, ცxოვრების ტეmპის მკვეთრ აჩქარებაში და ბიორიტმების ცვალებადობაში.

kvlevis mimarTuleba ganapiroba qarTul sasceno pedagogikaSi

da kerZod, sasceno moZraobaSi gakveTilis sawyisi etapisa da

moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi, studentis fsiqo-emociuri

mdgomareobebis erTiani Teoriuli da praqtikuli kvlevis

ararsebobam.

kvlevis aqtualuroba: Cvenis azriT, dResdReobiT sasceno moZraobis

saganSi sakmaod aqtualur Temad rCeba yuradRebisa da emociebis

urTierTobis sakiTxebi. gansaxilveli Temis aqtualuroba aixsneba imiTac,

rom sasceno moZraobis aTvisebis specifika uSualod aris dakavSirebuli

studentis yuradRebis koncetraciisa da emociebis marTvis unarebTan.

kvlevis sagani: yuradReba da emocia sasceno moZraobaSi.

kvlevis mizania: mopovebuli istoriuli da Tanamedrove pedagogikisa da

fsiqologiuri literaturis Seswavlisa da analizis safuZvelze,

aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb miRebuli Teoriuli codna, gadatanili iqnas

praqtikul sibrtyeSi da uSualod msaxiobis saSemsruleblo xelovnebis

sferoSi, kerZod ki sasceno moZraobaSi. gamomdinare aqedan:

Cveni amocanaa: ukve xelT arsebuli praqtikuli da Teoriuli

kvlevebis Sedegad mopovebuli pedagogiuri xerxebiT, SevZloT kidev

metad srulvyoT studentis profesiuli SesaZleblobebi. Sesabamisad,

Cveni iteresis sagans warmoadgens aRniSnuli sakiTxisadmi warsuli da

Tanamedrove fიlosofos – pedagogebis, fsiqologebisa da Teatralur

pedagog – reJisorTa Sexedulebebis Seswavla – analizi, rac

SesaZleblobas mogvcems, Teoriuli kvlevis safuZvelze miRebuli

codna ukve arsebul praqtikul - pedagogiur saSualebebTan erTad,

Cvens mier gamoyenebuli iqnas rogorc saswavlo – praqtikul

moRvaweobaSi, aseve Teoriuli da meToduri bazis Sesaqmnelad sasceno

moZraobaSi.

kvlevis siaxle – Cvenis azriT mdgomareobs SemdegSi: DdResdReobiT

sasceno moZraobaSi, kerZod ki moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi ar aris

saTanadod Seswavlili studentis emociuri mdgomareobebis

cvalebadoba da maTi zegavlena, rogorc gakveTilis sawyis etapze,

aseve misi msvlelobis dros.

kvlevis obieqts - warmoadgens samsaxiobo fakultetis pirveli kursis

studentebi.

kvlevis hipoTeza: studentis fsiqoemociuri mzadyofna saswavlo

programis aTvisebisas sagrZnoblad gaumjobesdeba, rac Sesabamisad

gazrdis momavali msaxiobis saerTo saSemsruleblo xarisxis dones.

aRniSnuli sakiTxis kvlevis procesSi gamoyenebuli iqna iqna zogadi

mecnieruli meTodebi: kerZod, pedagogiuri kvlevebis empiriuli meTodi,

damkvidrebuli mis ZiriTad Semadgenelebze: Cvens SenTxvevaSi es aris

dakvirveba (anu obieqturi dakvirvebis meTodi ) da dakvirvebis

saSualebiT mopovebuli masalebis analizi da maTi registrireba,

(ZiriTadad video Canawerebis saxiT). video Canawerebis analizi

saSualebas gvaZlevs aRmovaCinoT studentis qcevebisa da reaqciebis

iseTi momentebi, romlebic gakveTilis msvlelobis dros pedagogis

yuradRebisa da masze reagirebis gareSe rCeba.

aseve mivmarTeT kvlevis Teoriul-mecnierul meTods, romelic

eyrdnoba filosofiis, pedagogikis, fsiqlogiis, sasceno pedagogikisa

da sxvadasxva Teatrebis wamyvani Teoretikos – praqtikosebis naSromTa

SedarebiT – istoriul analizs, kerZod, es aris: Mk. marjaniSvilis, s.

axmetelis, d. uznaZis, r. naTaZis, a. vasaZis, spinozas, aristoteles, k.

stanislavskis. n. demodovis, g. tovstonogovis, a. tairovis, v.

meierholdis, u. jeimsis, p. ekmanisa da sxvaTa naSromebi.

sadisertacio Temis dasaxeleba da struqtura:

yuradRebisa da emociis mniSvneloba sasceno moZraobis aTvisebis

procesSi

naSromi Sedgeba reziumes, Sesavalis, sami Tavis, daskvnisa da

bibliografiisagan.

reziume

Sesavali

Tavi pirveli

1.1 sasceno moZraoba Teatraluri ganaTlebis struqturaSi.

1.2 pedagogikisa da fsiqologiis kvlevis istoriidan.

Tavi meore

2. yuradRebisa da emociis kvlevis sakiTxebisadmi

2.1 yuradReba.

2.2 emociebi

Tavi mesame

3.1 yuradReba da emocia sasceno moZraobaSi.

3.2 pedagogiuri meTodebisa da xerxebis Camoyalibeba.

3.3 praqtikuli nawili.

daskvna

bibliografia

Targani Sesrulebulia avtoris mier

Tavi pirveli

sasceno moZraoba Teatraluri ganaTlebis struqturaSi

Teatraluri ganaTlebis struqturaSi momavali msaxiobis profesiuli

daostatebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan sagans sasceno moZraoba

warmoadgens. sasceno moZraoba, rogorc specialuri sagani, Tavisi

pirvelsaxiT Camoyalibebas iwyebs jer kidev gasuli saukunis

dasawyisSi. Teatraluri skolebis daarsebasTan erTad dRis wesrigSi

dgeba specialuri saswavlo programis SemuSavebis aucilebloba,

romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda msaxiobis samoZrao

aparatis mizanmimarTuli, kompleqsuri momzadeba sasceno

moqmedebisaTvis.

sasceno moZraobis pirveli wigni – saxelmZRvanelo gamodis 1937 wels,

avtorebi i. s. ivanovi da e. s. SiSmariova, xolo erTiani saswavlo

programis SemuSavebis pirveli mcdeloba Sedga 1954 wels, sasceno

moZraobisa da cekvis pedagogTa sakavSiro konferenciaze. Mmiuxedavad

im droisaTvis dagrovili ukve sakmao praqtikuli gamocdilebisa

dramatuli msaxiobis aRzrdis sferoSi, faqtobrivad ar arsebobda

sasceno moZraobis bunebisa da Sinaarsis gansazRvrebisadmi miZRvnili

samecniero Sromebi. dResdReobiT umaRles Teatralur saswavleblebSi

Seiswavleba mTeli rigi iseTi specialuri, praqtikuli disciplinebisa,

rogorebicaa: cekva, (rogorc klasikuri, aseve istoriuli), xalxuri,

saxasiaTo da Tanamedrove; ritmika; etiketi; pantomima; istoriuli

farikaoba da sasceno moZraoba. TviT termini „sasceno moZraoba“ ar

aRmocenebula cariel adgilze, Tavisi arsiT is Tavidanve gulisxmobda

Semsruleblis fizikur da fsiqიkur mzadyofnas sasceno moqmedebisaTvis

da droTa ganmavlobaSi misi Sinaarsi universalur mniSvnelobas iZens.

(dasawyisSi mas viwro specializebuli daniSnuleba hqonda.

mxedvelobaSia fizikuri momzadeba.) dReisaTvis Cven mas ganvixilavT

rogorc sinTezs yvela im sxeulTmoZraobiTi gamocdilebisa, rac ki

dRemde daugrovebia kacobriobas. Dda Tuki Cven adamianis moZraobas

ganvixilavT fsiqo-fizikuri TvalTaxedvis kuTxiT, gamodis, rom Cven

(moZraobis mimarTulebis pedagogebi) yvela erTad vmuSaobT studentis

iseTi profesiuli Tvisebebis gasaumjobeseblad, rogorebicaa: nebisyofa,

gambedaoba, yuradReba, mexsiereba, Zala, siswrafe, moqniloba,

reaqtiuloba, Semguebloba, ritmuloba, musikaluroba da a. S. ra Tqma

unda, yvela am profesiul Tvisebaze muSaoba msaxiobis ostatobis

gakveTilebzec mimdinareobs, rac profesiuli daostatebis am nawilSi

(specialuri unar-Cvebis aTviseba) nawilobriv „dublirebis“ xasiaTs

atarebs da yovelive amas dadebiTi Sedegi moaqvs.

dReisaTvis praqtikul – pedagogiuri procesebis xarisxis gansazRvra

SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod da mxolod Teoriul – mecnieruli midgomis

safuZvelze. mxolod sagnis arsSi wvdomiTa da mecnierul –

pedagogiuri meTodebis saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli im problemebis

daZleva, rac Tan axlavs saswavlo procesebs. rogorc aRvniSneT,

sasceno moZraobis sagnisadmi mecnieruli midgoma aucilebelia

ganxorcieldes filosofiis istoriis, fsiqologiuri mecnierebisa da

xelovnebis sxvadasxva sferoebSi arsebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze, es

aris aristotelesa da spinozas filosofiur-pedagogiuri Sexedulebebi

adamianis, rogorc erTiani sistemis Sesaxeb; d. uznaZis zogadi,

eqsperimentuli Tu ganwyobis fsiqologia; k. marjaniSvilisa da

tairovis sinTetiuri Teatris principebi; v. Mmeierholdis biomeqanika; g.

kregis „msaxiobi da zemarioneti“, e. grotovskisa da e. barbas

eqsperimentebi da „Teatraluri anTropologia“; a. vasaZis „mxatvruli

Semoqmedebis fsiqologiuri sakiTxebisaTvis“; p. ekmanis „emociis

fsiqologia“ da sxva.

pedagogikisa da fsiqologiis kvlevis istoriidan

pedagogika Tavisi SinaarsiT adamianTa Soris urTierTobebs niSnavs,

rac, Tavis mxriv, fsiqologiur urTierTobebsac gulisxmobs.

fsiqologia, rogorc damoukidebeli, empiriul – eqsperimentuli

mecniereba, mxolod me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi Cndeba, rodesac

laifcigSi vilhelm vundtis xelmZRvanelobiT ixsneba pirveli

fsiqologiuri laboratoria. manamde ki fsiqologiuri kvlevebi

filosofiis wiaRSi, gonebaWvretiTi meTodiT xdeboda. adamiani da misi

raoba, kerZod, adamianis fsiqe – anu suli da misi fsiqes calkeuli

funqciebi da maTi moqmedebis Taviseburebani, yovelTvis ainteresebdaT

uZvelesi drois filosofosebs. im drois udidesi filosofosebi,

rogorebic iyvnen konfuci, sokrate, platoni, aristotele, spinoza da

sxvebi, TavianT filosofiur moRvaweobasTan erTad, aqtiur pedagogiur

moRvaweobasac eweodnen.

mecnierebis yvela dargs kvlevis sakuTari obieqti gaaCnia. obieqtSi

igulisxmeba sinamdvileSi arsebuli yovelive is, razedac aris

mimarTuli mkvlevaris interesi.Ppedagogikis Seswavlis obieqtad

gvevlineba adamiani da adamianTa urTierTdamokidebulebebi, iqneba es

socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri Tu kulturul –

saganmanaTleblo urTierTobebi da a. S. mogvianebiT pedagogika

calkeuli dargobrivi mimarTulebiT viTardeba, rogorebicaa,

magaliTad: bavSvTa pedagogika, sportuli pedagogika, sasceno

pedagogika, fsiqo-pedagogika, umaRlesi skolis pedagogika da a. S. yvela

aq aRniSnuli mimarTuleba mWidro da uSualo kavSirSia samsaxiobo

xelovnebasTan.

ZvelberZnuli pedagogikis mixedviT, nebismieri adamiani eqvemdebareba

aRzrdas da ganviTarebas. „Seicani Tavi Seni“ formula, romelsac

sokrats miaweren, Tanamedrove teqnikuri gardaqmnebis saukuneSi kidev

ufro aqtualurad JRers. sakuTari Tavis Secnoba – Seswavla sokrates

mixedviT niSnavs sakuTar sulze zrunvas, TviTSemecnebas, anu

urTierTobas SemecnebiT procesebsa da zneobas Soris, rac sokrates

filosofiuri swavlebis centralur nawils Seadgens. Tavis dialogSi

„protagori“ platons mohyavs sokrates sityvebi: „...rom codna araviTar

gavlenas ar axdens adamianis qcevebze da adamiani, arcTu iSviaTad,

iqceva ise ki ara, rogorc amas moiTxovs codna, aramed iqceva sakuTari

grZnobiTi impulsebis Sesatyvisad.“2 aq ikveTeba formula, romelic

Cveni naSromis mimarTulebis ganmsazRvrelad SeiZleba iqnas

gamoyenebuli. anu codna, romelic adamianis impulsur (emociur)

reaqciebs ver boWavs, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos srulyofil codnad.

(codna anu mecniereba sokratesTan) da rom mxolod codnis saSualebiT

aris SesaZlebeli gonebis gasufTaveba da vnebebisagan (emociebisagan)

ganTavisuflebuli gonebis ZalisxmeviT SemecnebiTi SesaZleblobebis

ganviTareba.

exeboda ra swavlebis sakiTxebs, aristotele TiTqmis yvela Tavis

nawarmoebebSi „eTika“, „politika“, „swavleba sulis Sesaxeb“ da sxva,

gamoyofda adamianis moRvaweobisaTvis metad mniSvnelovan, sxvadasxva

donis unarebs. es aris: 1. vegetaciuri procesi – adamiani, cxoveli. 2.

kinesTetikuri SegrZnebebis procesebi – adamiani-cxoveli da

amaxvilebda ra yuradRebas SegrZnebebze, Tvlida, rom sxeulis yovel

nawils gaaCnia SegrZnebebi da moZraobis SesaZlebloba sivrceSi.

amitomac Tu arsebobs SegrZneba, arsebobs miswrafebac, mizanic. e. i.

cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT SegrZnebebis, azrovnebisa da moqmedebis

saSualebiT adamians eZleva SesaZlebloba, zemoqmedeba moaxdinos

rogorc gare samyaroze, aseve masSi mimdinare procesebzec da 3.

2. Платон. Протагор. Античная литература. Изд. Феникс. 1998 стр. 26.

gonebriv – azrobrivi procesebi - adamiani Tavisi inteleqtiT.

aristotele gonebas (inteleqts) upirispirebs vnebebs da mxolod masSi

xedavs vnebebis anu „adamianis mtris“ alagmvis saSualebas.Mmasve

ekuTvnis sityvebi: „Tavisufalia is, visac SeuZlia vnebebis (emociebis)

marTva“.

axali drois erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili filosofosi iyo benediqt

(barux) spinoza. Tavis naSromSi „eTika“, spinoza iseve, rogorc

aristotele, adamians erT mTlian substanciad aRiqvamda. man pirvelma

scada aego fsiqologiuri codna adamianze, rogorc erTian sistemaze.

spinoza Tavisi pedagogiuri principebiTa da SexedulebebiT emociebisa

da refleqsebis Sesaxeb Zalian axlos dgas Cveni kvlevis saganTan, rac

mis ZiriTad Teoriul debulebebSi devs (eTika), ris mtkicebulebad

SeiZleba moviyvanoT l. vigotskis sityvebi: „Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi

Cndeba emociebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetis axali gzebi,

da es aris idea, romelic „eTikidan“ amodis. dekartisagan

gansxvavebiT, spinozas Teoriuli debulebebi iyo ara refleqtoruli

da emociuri reagireba movlenebze, aramed adamianis mier maTi gageba,

Secnoba da racionaluroba, anu gonebrivi da SemoqmedebiTi procesebi.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia vTqvaT: Zveli da

axali drois filosofosTa Sexedulebebi adamianis aRzrdisa da masze

afeqtebis zegavlenis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs uflebas, gamovitanoT Semdegi

saxis daskvna: afeqturi (emociuri) mdgomareobebi adamians mTeli

Tavisi arsebiT ipyrobs, am dros nebisyofa sustdeba da adamiani veRar

axerxebs sakuTar qcevaTa კontrols, afeqtur mdgomareobaSi adamians

ar SeuZlia yuradRebis erT fokusSi moqceva da sakuTar qcevaTa

Sedegebis winaswar gansazRvra, Sedegad, afeqti mTlianad ipyrobs

adamianis fsiqikas. Dd. uznaZe wers: „im sulier mdgomareobaT, romelnic

Cvens gancdas droebiT mainc avseben da mTels danarCen sulier

cxovrebas imorCileben, emociebi ewodeba... igi subieqturi xasiaTis

gancdas warmoadgens da sagnobriv-obieqturi masSi meore planzea

moTavsebuli.“3Eemociebi adamianis qcevebis erTian mamoZravebel Zalas

warmoadgens da Tu isev spinozas mivmarTavT: „ar arsebobs adamianis

organizmSi mimdinare iseTi fsiqo-emociuri procesebi, romelTa

Sesaxebac SeuZlebeli iyos warmodgenis Seqmna.“4 Ees ki imas niSnavs,

rom gakveTilis msvlelobis dros, gonivruli analizis anu

introspeqciis (dekarti) safuZvelze da pedagogiuri xerxebisa da

meTodebis gamoyenebiT (aristotele) adamians eZleva SesaZlebloba,

nebisyofis daZabviT moaqcios afeqtebi (emociebi) sakuTari gavlenis

qveS, nebisyofis gamovlineba ki niSnavs იmas, rom mTeli emociuri sfero

mimarTuli da gaaqtiurebulia dasaxuli miznis Sesasruleblad, rac

naTlad ikveTeba am gzaze aRmocenebuli winaaRmdegobebis daZlevaSi

(ნებისყოფაში), anu mihyveba adamiani mizans bolomde, Tu uRalatebs mas.

yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, am etapze SegviZla gamovyoT

praqtikul-pedagogiuri moRvaweobis CvenTvis saWiro sami arsebiTi

mimarTuleba, romelTa gareSec SeuZleblad mimaCnia nebismieri

pedagogiuri moRvaweoba. Ees aris:

1. aristoteles pedagogiuri ideebi.

2. dekartes introspeqciuli anu TviTdakvirvebis meTodi.

3. sponozas afeqtebis (anu emociebis) gagebis Teoriuli debuleba da

nebisyofis saSualebiT maTi gonebriv-inteleqtualuri aRqma-gansjis

SesaZlebloba.

3 უზნაძე d. ზოგადი ფსიქოლოგია. 1940 რედ. დ. ყიფშიძე. გვ. 98-105. 4 Спиноза Б. Этика. თეორემა 4. გვ 71.

Tavi meore

yuradRebisa da emociebis kvlevis sakiTxebisadmi

yuradReba

yuradReba saswavlo procesebSi warmatebis miRwevis erT-erTi ZiriTadi

pirobaa – swavlebis procesSi studentis yuradReba mimarTuli unda

iyos ara marto misTvis saintereso informaciisaken, aramed

informaciisaken, rimelic, rogorc mas swavlebis am etapze miaCnia, ar

warmoadgens misi interesis sagans da es arc aris gasakviri, radganac

sakuTar TavTan muSaoba – sakuTari fsiqo-fizikuri aparatis Secnoba da

masTan kontaqtis damyareba, moiTxovs nebisyofis srul mobilizebas

sasceno moZraobis Seswavlis rogorc sawyis, aseve mis Semdgom etapze.

fsiqologiaSi arsebobs yuradRebis gagebis sxvadasxva Teoriebi, maT

Soris Cveni interesis sagans warmoadgens:

1. yuradRebis emociuri xasiaTis Teoria (t. ribo)

2. yuradRebis motoruli xasiaTis Teoria (n. lange)

3. yuradRebis ganwyobiseuli Teoria (d. uznaZe)

Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi yuradRebis problema iTvleba erT-erT

yvelaze rTul problemad. igi ar warmoadgens damoukidebel aqts

da mudmiv kavSirSia aRqmasTan, mexsierebasTan, azrovnebasTan,

warmosaxvasTan, fantaziasTan da a. S. ufro metic, TviT es

fsiqikuri procesebic ki mxolod yuradRebis aRmocenebasTan erTad

aqtiurdeba da mxolod SemecnebiT procesebTan mimarTebiT iZens

Sinaarsobriv Tvisebas. Mmokled, adamianis cnobierebaSi mimdinare arc

erTi fsiqikuri procesi ar mimdinareobas yuradRebis aqtis gareSe.

Tu ki yuredRebis meqanizmi moZraobiTi xasiaTisaa (ribo-lange),

maSin aucileblobas warmoadgens, rom yuradRebis yovel

gamovlinebaSi monawileobas iRebdes kunTuri sistema. Aamrigad,

moZraobiTi gamovlinebebi, cnobierebasTan erTad (romelic aseve

eqvemdebareba kunTur zemoqmedebas) warmoadgens yuradRebas. Aimave

dros, yuradReba aris garemo pirobebisadmi adamianis

Semgueblobis, adaptaciis procesi da, rogorc aRvniSneT, misi

gamowvevis mizezebi devs afeqtur reaqciebSi. magaliTad: SiSi,

moulodneloba, gaoceba, gaSeSeba da a. S.

momavali msaxiobis SemoqmedebiTi procesebi, iseve rogorc

nebismieri adamianisa, dafuZnebulia rogorc inteleqtualur, aseve

fizikur procesebze, romelTa Tanaarsebobac yuradRebis gareSe

SeuZlebelia. d. uznaZe werda: „yoveli swavlis upirveles pirobad

imTaviTve, sruliad samarTlianad yuradReba iTvleba... aRmoCnda,

rom yuradRebis zegavleniT gonebrivi Sromis nayofiereba izrdeba

da misi sizuste matulobs.“5 iseTi mdgomareoba, romlis drosac

scenaze myofi msaxiobis yuradReba ar iyos dakavebuli raime

obieqtiT, ar arsebobs. TviT yvelaze pasiuri mdgomareobis

drosac ki scenaze msaxiobi ar unda darCes yuradrebis obieqtis

gareSe. Aaseve, yuradReba SeiZleba iyos zedapiruli, romelic

swrafad gadadis erTi obieqtidan meore obieqtze da,

imavdroulad, mas araviTari konkretuli mizani ar gaaCnia, Tumca

yvela mocemul momentSi yuradRebis arseboba saxeze iqneba.

saswavlo proceSi studentTan mimarTebiT saWiro xdeba iseTi

xarisxis yuradRebis gamomuSaveba, romelic saSualebas miscems mas,

Seqmnas yuradRebis gadarTvis saWiro siCqare, simsubuqe da

bunebrioba, Tumca ukve Semdgari msaxiobis profesiuli,

mravalsibrtyobrivi yuradRebisagan gansxvavebiT, sasceno moZraobis

Seswavlis procesSi da gansakuTrebiT mis sawyis etapze,

pedagogiuri xerxebis saSualebiT studentis yuradRebis moculoba

5 უზნაძე დ. ზოგადი ფსიქპლოგია. გვ. 551

(samidan eqvs erTeulamde) sagrZnoblad unda Semcirdes da

mimarTuli unda iqnas erTi obieqtis, erTi amocanis gadawyvetisaken

(yuradRebis erT obieqtze fokusirebis xarjze), Tumca yuradRebis

periferiuli kontrolis qveS mainc rCeba garkveuli raodenobis

obieqtebi. imavdroulad, es ar unda iqces pedagogis mier dasaxuli

amocanis xelisSemSlel pirobad. ra Tqma unda, es rTuli amocanaa,

radganac gakveTilis procesSi studentis fsiqika uamravi gare

faqtorebis zemoqmedebis epicentri xdeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

studenti mTlianad aris CarTuli pedagogis mier SeTavazebuli

amocanis wvdomaSi, igi aucieblad SeZlebs im grZnobebisagan

ganTavisuflebas, romlebic arc erTi kuTxiT ar miesadageba

gakveTilze arsebul realobas. Aamrigad students eZleva

SesaZlebloba, imuSaos yuradRebis rogorc patara (Sinagani me),

aseve saSualo wreSi (anu me da yuradRebis momcro wre). sasceno

moZraobaSi am etapze (mxedvelobaSia pirveli kursi) yuradRebis am

or sferosTan gvaqvs saqme. yuradRebis aRniSnul wreebSi muSaoba

sasceno moZraobis gakveTilze aiZulebs students, dasaxuli amocanis

Sesrulebis procesSi gaxdes ukiduresad yuradRebiani, rac

swavlebis sawyis etapze xels Seuwyobs studentis mxridan pedagogis

mier specialurad danawevrebuli, dayofili da Senelebuli

moZraobebis kidev ufro aqtiurad aTvisebis process (kidev erTi

pedagogiuri xerxi), rac isev da isev mizanmimarTuli, nebelobiTi

moqmedebis Sedegad unda moxdes. sakuTriv arsebul situaciaSi

mizanmimarTuli, nebelobiTi yuradReba warmoadgens mTavar moments,

romelic saWiroa ara marto danawevrebuli moZraobebis

asaTviseblad, aramed maTi koreqtirebisaTvis yuradRebis

sakontrolo funqciebis saSualebiT. radganac nebelobiTi

yuradReba pirdapir kavSirSia cnobierebaSi mimdinare procesebTan

da aqtiuer xasiaTs atarebs, amitom aqtiuri y uradRebis centrSi

moqceuli obieqtebi garduvlad erTvebian studentis praqtikul-

inteleqtualuri moqmedebis procesebSi da es procesebi

TandaTanobiT gadadis profesionaluri, sasceno yuradRebis

TvisebebSi. Saqme ki isaa, rom Cveulebrivi, cxovrebiseuli

yuradRebisagan gansxvavebiT, sasceno yuradReba aiZulebs msaxiobs

specialurad, Segnebulad moaqcios misTvis saWiro obieqtebi

sakuTari yuradRebis qveS. Ee. i. saqme gvaqvs procesebSi nebisyofis

srul CarTulobasTan, rasac msaxiobis mxridan sruliad

mizanmimarTuli, gacnobierebuli moqmedeba udevs safuZvlad.

nebelobiTi yuradRebisagan gansxvavebiT, uneblie anu pasiuri

yuradReba ganpirobebulia gareSe, meqanikuri mizezebiT. igi bunebriv

Tvisebas warmoadgens da adamianebSi metad araTanabrad aris

ganawilebuli da misi gamowvevis mizezi adamianis afeqtur

mdgomareobebSi unda veZeboT.

yuradRebis aRniSnuli ori formis garda saswavlo praqtikaSi

xSirad vxvdebiT yuradRebis erTi formis gadasvlas meore

formaSi an piriqiT ( anu yuradRebis reversiuli xasiaTi ). aseT

SemTxvevaSi obieqti, romelic gaxda studentis uneblie yuradRebis

gamowvevis mizezi, SemdgomSi sruliad Tavisuflad SeiZleba iqces

misi yuradRebis aqtiuri koncetraciis obieqtad. Sedegad

SenarCunebulia yuradRebis Segnebuli da mizanmimarTuli aqtiuroba

miznisadmi da, imavdroulad, studenti mTlianad Tavisufldeba

zedmeti fsiqikuri daZabulobisagan, ris Sedegadac xdeba studentis

sruli CarTuloba SemoqmedebiT procesebSi da yovelive es

mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli azrovnebis procesebTan. Am formiT

yuradReba gvevlineba mxolod maSin, rodesac interesi SerCeuli

obieqtisadmi ar moiTxovs nebisyofis gansakuTrebul CarTulobas,

raTa moaxdinos koncetrireba interesis saganze. Llaparakia

yuradRebis postnebelobiT formaze. es is situacia, rodesac saqme,

romelic dasawyisSi ver gaviTavise da amis gamo moiTxovda

nebisyofis srul CarTulobas, TandaTanobiT iZens iseT

gansakuTrebul elfers da azrs, rac badebs survils, rom

xangrZlivad iyo dakavebuli am saqmiT ( SeiZleba mas SemoqmedebiTi

yuradReba vuwodoT). igi ar moiTxovs nebisyofis maqsimalur daZabvas

da Sedegad srulad gacnobierebul, gonebriv procesad iqceva.

yuradRebis formebis aseTi monacvleoba xSirad gvxvdeba sasceno

moZraobis gakveTilebze, radganac misi specifikidan gamomdinare igi

aqtiur, moZrav da emociur procesebTan aris dakavSirebuli.

SeuZlebelia studentma ganuwyvetlad da didi xniT SeaCeros

yuradReba erT obieqtze (da es arc aris Cveni amocana). Ppedagogis

mxridan mudam unda xdebodes yuradRebis obieqtis ganaxleba, anu

rogorc amocanaTa rigis, aseve maTi xangrZlivobis xSiri cvla da

rac ufro mravalferovani iqneba gakveTilis Sinaarsi, miT met

dadebiT emociur gamovlinebebTan gveqneba saqme da, Sesabamisad,

gakveTilis aTvisebis xarisxic gacilebiT maRali iqneba.

amrigad, studentis saswavlo-SemoqmedebiT procesebSi CarTuloba

warmoadgens fsiqikur mdgomareobas, romelic warmoiSveba misi

aqtiuri moRvaweobis procesebSi da moZraobaTa Seswavlis sruliad

gacnobierebul process unda warmoadgendes.

ემოციები

codna adamianis fiziologiis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs saSualebas, gavecnoT

adamianis bunebaSi mimdinare cvlilebaTa kanonebs, fsiqologia ki

gvaZlevs saSualebas davakvirdeT adamianis xasiaTis cvalebadobas

gamowveuls sxvadasxva stimulebiT (gamRizianebliT). aqedan gamomdinare,

pedagogis amocanaa gamoiwvios an, piriqiT, aaridos students

arasasurveli emociuri cvlilebebi, rac Sesabamisi (fsiqo-fizikuri)

reaqciebis gamowvevis mizezad SeiZleba iqces.

pedagogiuri aRzrdis Tanamedrove moTxovnebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom

pedagogs unda SeeZlos studentSi mimdinare arsebiTi cvlilebebis

(fizikurisa da fsiqikuris) danaxva da maTi saWiro mimarTulebiT

warmarTva, amisaTvis ki saWiroa erkveode kanonebSi, romelTa

safuZvelzec mimdinareobs esa Tu is cvlileba. studentis fizikuri da

emociuri procesebis ganuyoflobis arseboba saswavlo procesebSi is

aucilebeli mdgomareobaa, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebeli iqneboda

studentSi SemoqmedebiTi bunebis ganviTareba. SemoqmedebiTi

Tavisufleba (mxedvelobaSia Semsruleblis fsiqikisa da kunTuri

sistemis sruli Tavisufleba) unda gaxdes momavali msaxiobis

moRvaweobis mTavari sayrdeni, amitomac misi gamomuSaveba msaxiobis

aRzrdis procesis mTavar pirobad rCeba.

praqtikuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, rac met informaciul

zewolas moaxdens studentze pedagogi swavlebis sawyis etapze

(ZiriTadad mxedvelobaSia specialuri Teoriuli informacia), miT

metad aiZulebs mas, CaerTos miRebuli informaciis analizSi, ris

Sedegadac iwyeba sapirispiro fsiqo-fizikuri procesebi (kunTuri

SeboWiloba da uaryofiTi emociuri gamovlinebebi), rac SemoqmedebiTi

atmosferos rRvevas iwvevs. amitomac sasceno moZraobaSi

pirvelkursel studentTan pirveli gakveTilebi unda daiwyos misi

moZraobisadmi mzadyofnis SesaZleblobebis donidan, anu hqondes

SesaZlebloba, sawyis etapze ise Seasrulos pedagogis mier

SeTavazebuli moZraobiTi amocanebi, rogorc mas am etapze xelewifeba,

sakuTari fizikuri da organuli Tvisebebidan gamomdinare (adaptaciis

procesi), pedagogis mxridan mkacri zedamxedvelobisa da mokle

sityvieri SeniSvnebis saxiT.E e. i. sityva – praqtikuli nabiji, isev

sityva – praqtikuli nabiji da a. S. Semdgom imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad

swrafad xdeba studentis an studentTa jgufis SemoqmedebiT

atmosferoSi da masSi mimdinare procesebSi adaptireba, pedagogi

gacilebiT met informaciul da praqtikul zewolas axdens studentze,

Sesabamisad, studentisaTvis Tanmimdevrulad gasagebi xdeba is

procesebi, romlebSic uSualod iRebs monawileobas. amitomac

Semdgomi informaciuli datvirTva pedagogis mxridan studentis mier

aRar aRiqmeba xelisSemSlel pirobad, piriqiT, igi gacilebiT Tamami

da Tavisufali xdeba. ra Tqma unda, yovelive es droebiT meTodur

xasiaTs atarebs (pirobiTad pirveli nabijis meTodi) da pedagogis mier

misi xangrZlivobis regulireba xdeba jgufis an studentis

SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. Aam gziT sasceno moZraobiTi Cvevebis

aTvisebis procesebi studentisaTvis unda iqces organul da bunebriv

nawilad.

kiTxvebma pirovnebis yuradRebisa da emociuri gansakuTrebulobebis

Sesaxeb Tavisi asaxva hpova rig mecnierTa kvlevebSi, esenia: u. jemsi, k.

lange, k. izardi, p. ekmani, s. Saxteri, p. simonovi, p. anoxini, b. dodonovi,

t. kirilenko, d. uznaZe, r. naTaZe, l. vigotski, a. leontievi, s.

rubinSteini da sxvebi. Ppublikaciebisa da samecniero naSromebis

analizi gviCvenebs, rom problema adamianis emociebis Sesaxeb iyo da

rCeba erT-erT aqtualur sakiTxad rogorc pedagogiur, aseve

samecniero moRvaweobis sferoSi. M

adamianis emociuri mdgomareobis gansazRvraSi mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs qcevaTa Tavisufleba (qcevaTa Zaldautanebloba),

Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli poza, Jesti, mimika Tu Rimili migvaniSnebs

subieqtis gawonasworebul mdgomareobaze, ganwyobaze, daamyaros

Tavisufali urTierToba obieqtTan. sakuTari emociebis Secnobisagan

gansxvavebiT, sadac emociis ZiriTad niSnad subieqturi gancda

gvevlineba, sxva adamianebis emociuri gancdebis Secnoba ZiriTadad

xdeba, erTi mxriv, gare gamoxatulebebis anu sxeulis enis iseTi

niSnebiT, rogorebicaa: Jesti, mimika, qceva da, meore mxriv, xma da

sityva, imavdroulad yuradRebis gareSe ar unda darCes e. w.

„antecedentebi“, anu is, rac emociis gamowvevis mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes

da, ra Tqma unda, didi mniSvneloba aqvs pedagogis unars, gansazRvros

Tu vis an ris mimarT aris mimarTuli emociebi. Eemociebis ZiriTadi da

mTavari funqcia (iqneba es dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi xasiaTis emocia)

mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi warmarTavs adamianis qcevebs, mis xasiaTs

da amasTanave saSemfaseblo funqciac akisria. magram rogorc simonovi

wers: „emociaTa saSemfaseblo funqcia usargeblo xdeba, Tu ar

arsebobs Sedarebis aucilebloba.“6Aanu emociaTa biologiuri Teoriis

mimdevarTa sawinaaRmdegod, emocia aq gvevlineba, „rogorc

faseulobaTa universaluri zoma, „tvinis valuta“ da ara rogorc

Sefasebis ubralo ekvivalenti, romelic funqcionirebs principiT:

saziano-sasargeblo; sasiamovno-arasasiamovno.“7Ee. i. adamianisaTvis

emociebi warmodgens Siga da gare samyaros Sesaxeb tvinSi Semosuli

informaciis Sefasebis procesebs.

6 Симонов П. В. Эмоциональный мозг. Физиология. Нейроанатомия. Психология эмоции. Из. Наука. Ак. Наук

СССР. М.; 1981 . გვ. 26 7 Симонов П. В.იქვე გვ. 26

specifikidan gamomdinare, studenti rogorc swavlis, aseve mTeli

SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi, xvdeba fsiqologiuri

problemebis gadawyvetis winaSe, romelTa daZleva damokidebulia

misi, rogorc subieqtis. individualur-profesiul SesaZleblobebze.

resursebSi igulisxmeba kognitiuri, emociuri da nebelobiTi

SesaZleblobebi da gvevlineba, rogorc safuZveli TviTregulirebis

iseTi meqanizmebisaTvis, rogoricaa saswavlo procesSi studentis mier

sakuTari qcevis kontroli anu yuradReba. studentis TviTregulirebis

unari gulisxmobs garkveuli codnis gamoyenebas sakuTari emociebis

mimarT, Tavis mxriv, emociebis regulirebisa da marTvis unari

students aZlevs SesaZleblobas, miiRos swori gadawyvetileba da,

gamomdinare aqedan, imoqmedos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad.

gadawyvetilebis miReba კი gulisxmobs garkveuli codnis arsebobas da

mis gamoyenebas rogorc aristotele ambobda: es aris grZnobaTa

aRqmis procesebi, romlebSic monawileobs rogorc sxeuli, aseve suli,

anu mTliani sistema, (adamiani mTeli Tavisi fsiqo-fizikiT).

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba xazi gavusvaT studentis mier

emociis regulirebis Semdeg moments: emociuri regulirebis dros

xdeba emociis gaTviTcnobiereba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi, ase

vTqvaT, moqmedebis procesSi ganmuxtva, rac ama Tu im formiT

emsaxureba problemis gadawyvetas, ris Sedegadac studenti uSualod

gadadis problemis gadwyvetaze. emociaTa ganmuxtva xdeba rogorc

araverbalurad, aseve verbalurad, maTze reagireba ki amcirebs

uaryofiTi emociebis intensiurobas. Nnebismier SemTxvevaSi, studentis

moqmedebis procesSi, problema, romelmac gamoiwvia esa Tu is

emociuri mdgomareoba, gadawyvetas eqvemdebareba emociuri

regulirebis sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, meTodebiTa da xerxebiT.

magaliTad: emociaTa gacnobiereba, musikaluri Terapia, verbaluri da

araverbaluri zemoqmedeba da sxva.Uumetes SemTxvevaSi problemis

gadawyveta mravaljeradi cdis, gameorebis Sedegad xdeba (repeticia,

gakveTili), ra drosac emociaTa gamovlinebebis xarisxi yoveli

gameorebis cdis Sedegis Sesabamis xarisxs iZens. Sedegad, emociaTa

regulirebaSi pirvel adgils ikavebs yuradReba da azrovneba.

moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi students unda SeeZlos kontremociebis

Segnebulad gaaqtiureba, raTa moxdes arsebuli xelisSemSleli

emociebis regulireba an ganeitraleba.

emociebis warmoSobis mizezad informaciul-kognitur procesebs

asaxeleben, romlebic avtomatur reJimSi mimdinareobs (p. ekmani.

emociis fsiqologia), amitomac emociuri mdgomareoba moqmedebs,

rogorc konteqsti, subieqtis mier movlenebze reaqciebisa da

qmedebebis transformirebis saxiT. Cveulebriv emociur mdgomareobebs

subieqti naklebi intensiurobis gancdebiT gamoxatavs, vidre es xdeba

Zlieri emociebisa da grZnobebis gamoxatvis dros. gansxvavebiT

SegrZnebebisagan, grZnobebi erwymis erTmaneTs da erTiani emociuri

mdgomareobis saxiT ganicdeba (vundtis „emociuri mdgomareobis

erTianianoba“ da r. naTaZis „grZnobaTa orpolusianoba,“ „ambivalenturi

grZnoba“). gakveTilze studentis sxvadasxva emociuri mdgomareobebi

garkveul mizezTa Sedegia, Tumca arsebul situaciaSi studentma

SeiZleba mTlianad an nawilobrivadac ver gaacnobieros maTi

warmoqmnis mizezebi, amitomac saswavlo procesebSi moZraobaTa

aTvisebis dros studentSi warmoqmnili emociuri mdgomareobebis

mravalferovneba SeiZleba gamoxatul iqnas grZnobaTa gamoxatulebis

sxvadasxva formebiT, es SeiZleba iyos: guneba, afeqti, frustracia,

vnebebi da a. S.

msaxiobis SemoqmedebiTi intuiciis gasaRebs stanislavski mxatvrul

emociebsa da sceniur simarTleSi xedavda da ambobda, rom msaxiobis

emocia ar aris namdvili emocia, igi sxeulis periferiuli, xelovnuri

gaRizianebis Sedegia, e. i. saWiro momentSi msaxiobis mier emociebis

xelovnuri, Segnebuli gamowveva (a. vasaZe. „Cemi samsaxiobo gza.’“ Гуревич

Л. Творчество актёра). ra Tqma unda, swavlebis sawyis etapze mxatvrul

emociebze laparaki zedmetia, Tumca emociuri aRgznebadoba,

energetikuli xarjva da maTi marTvis unari momavali msaxiobisaTvis

erT-erT aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens. Yyovelive es, ra Tqma unda

misaRebia, rodesac saqme exeba uSualod dasrulebul, mxatvrul

nawarmoebs – speqtakls, rols – magaram Ziebis procesSi (repeticiebi),

iseve, rogorc saswavlo procesSi, wina planze wamoweuli unda iyos

goneba, cnobiereba, inteleqti – miT umetes, rodesac saqme gvaqvs

emociur da sxeulebriv gamovlinebebTan, dinamikasTan, moZraobasTan,

rac TavisTavad Sesabamis emociur reaqciebTan aris dakavSirebuli da,

rogorc aRvniSneT, maTi uaryofiTi gamovlinebebi mudmiv da ZiriTad

xelisSemSlel pirobad rCeba sasceno moZraobis Seswavlis procesSi.

Tavi mesame

yuradReba da emocia sasceno moZraobaSi

sasceno moZraobis sagnis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocanaa, moZraobaTa

aTvisebis procesSi erTmaneTs SeuTanxmos inteleqtisa da emociuris

SesaZleblobebi – e. i. erTmaneTs daukavSiros (emociebis Segnebuli

marTvis xarjze) studentis civi goneba da profesiuli Cvevebis

aTviseba. CvenTvis mniSvnelovania, rom swavlis procesSi erTmaneTs ki

ar davupirispiroT emocia da inteleqti, aramed ise mizanmimarTulad,

nabij-nabij warvmarToT studentis saswavlo-SemoqmedebiTi procesebi,

rom misi fizikuri arsi srul harmoniaSi iyos inteleqtualursa da

emociurTan.Ppedagogis amocanaa, swavlebis pirvel etapze studentis

emociuri mdgomareoba metad kontroldebodes gonebis mier, es ki

nebisyofisa da yuradRebis saSualebiT emociis kontrolis gareSe

SeuZlebelia. Mmxolod civi gonebis fonze, yuradRebisa da nebisyofis

ZalisxmeviT aris SesaZlebeli moZraobiTi Cvevebis warmatebiT

aTviseba, studentis es SesaZlebloba aris ara mxolod rogorc niSan-

Tviseba da fizikuri mzaoba gakveTilisaTvis, aramed rogorc

moqmedebis indikatori. saTanado wrTvnis Sedegad studenti iseT fsiqo-

fizikur mzadyofnaSi unda movides, rom SeZlos akeTos is, ris

Sesrulebac mas unda, imavdroulad, naTlad eqneba warmodgenili

moqmedebis mizani da amocanebi, amis miRweva ki SesaZlebelia mxolod

treningis saSualebiT. „mxolod treningis saSualebiT aris

SesaZlebeli sasceno codnis aTviseba“, ambobda barba da trenings

ganixilavda, rogorc msaxiobis profesiuli identurobis

gamoxatulebas sakuTari Tavis Secvlis mcdelobiT.

studentis fsiqikuri funqciebis varjiSi unda gaxdes sasceno

moZraobis Seswavlis procesis iseTive ganuyofeli nawili, rogorc

sxeulis fizikuri da teqnikuri varjiSi. kerZod, yuradRebis TvisebaTa

gavarjiSebaSi igulisxmeba studentis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis

aqtivireba da regulireba, rac, Tavis mxriv, niSnavs saswavlo procesSi

isev da isev nebisyofis saSualebiT studentis emociuri mdgomareobis

donis gaZlierebas an Sesustebas. Tavis mxriv, nebisyofis arseboba

gamoxatavs studentis Segnebul aqts da mis erT-erT funqcias

yuradRebis nebelobiTi marTva, misi interesTa obieqtebze drois

garkveuli xangrZlivobiT SeCereba da dafiqsireba unda warmoadgendes.

yuradRebis mokrebuloba aris Teatraluri magiis jadoqruli Tviseba.

msaxiobi, romelsac gaaCnia talantis yvela monacemi, magram ar gaaCnia

yuradRebis mokrebis unari, verasodes gaxdeba didi msaxiobi. werda v.

panso. yuradRebisa da emociis urTierToba da maTi gavlena sxeulze

msaxiobis aRzrdis sistemaSi mudmiv aqtualur Temas warmoadgenda da

warmoadgens. ra Tqma unda, idealuri variantia, rodesac swavlis

procesSi emocia yuradRebis aqtiur kontrols eqvemdebareba. aRzrdis

sawyis etapze emocia mudam Warbobs studentSi, rac Sesabamis

sxeulebriv cvlilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi specifikuri,

gamomsaxveli moZraobebis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi studenti ar aris mzad

nebisyofis saSualebiT gaakontrolos emocia, risi naTeli magaliTia

studentis damokidebuleba simaRlesTan mimarT. (ix. video magaliTi).

saswavlo procesSi studentebze dakvirvebis Sedegad, CvenTvis gasagebi

xdeba, rom pirvelad ucnob moZraobiT amocanasTan Sexvedrisas,

studentis sxeuli instiqturad miiswrafvis, raTa muSa organoSi

Seamciros kunTebis Tavisuflebis xarisxTa ricxvi da amiT Seamciros,

gaaneitralos sxeulSi negatiuri Zalebi, risTvisac igi mtkiced

afiqsirebs kunTebs, rac aSkara vizualur gamoxatulebebSi mJRavndeba

(magaliTad: moZraobis logikuri suraTis rRveva, uxeSi kunTebi,

koordinaciis rRveva d. a. S.). imavdroulad, studentis moZraobebSi

advilad SeimCneva:

1. moZraobaTa realizaciisas ZalTa ganawilebis uyairaTianoba.

2. moZraobis rogorc ritmuli Sinaarsis, aseve moZraobaTa logikuri

Tanmimdevrobis rRveva.

3. mTliani fsiqo-fizikuri aparatis daZabuloba.

yovelive zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT ki vRebulobT: winaaRmdegobas

moZraobis inteleqtualur aRqmasa da mis fizikur Sesrulebas Soris.

sakuTari sxeulis specialurad mocemul garemoSi marTva rTuli

procesia. cxovrebaSi nebismieri moZraoba, romelsac asrulebs

adamiani, bunebriv, Tavisufal da organul xasiaTs atarebs, magram

rogorc ki masze specialurad vamaxvilebT yuradRebas da gadagvaqvs

xelovnurad Seqmnil garemoSi (da Tu amisaTvis mzad ar xarT), iwyeba

is, rasac „sxeulis SejavSnas“ (reixi)8 uwodeben. jer kidev

gamoucdeli studentisaTvis sxeulis daZabuloba, Tuki ver uwevs mas

kontrols, TavisTavad (refleqtorul) process warmoadgens da

emociebis mTlian organizmTan kavSiris es refleqtoruli buneba

xSirad gvxvdeba sasceno moZraobis gakveTilis msvlelobis dros, rac

ZiriTad xelisSemSlel pirobad gvevlineba moZraobaTa aTvisebis

procesSi. anu saqme gvaqvs organizmis fsiqo-fizologiur TvisebaTa

gamovlinebasTan, rac, Tavis mxriv, mWidro kavSirSia kunTur

SeboWilobasa da gaTavisuflebasTan.Aamitom Cvens amocanas

warmoadgens maqsimaluri fsiqikuri daZabulobis pirobebSi

maqsimaluri Tavisuflebis miRweva.

sasceno yuradRebis mokrebuloba aris moqmedebis ZiriTadi, winaswar

dasaxuli da „gegmiani qcevis“ (d. uznaZe) piroba (repeticiisa da

gakveTilis saxiT), risTvisac saWiro xdeba mobilizebis unaris

arseboba, anu studentis mTliani arsebis sruli mokrebuloba da

8 reixi ვ. Avstrieli fsiqoanalitikosi. რomelmac fsiqologiaSi pirvelma gamoiyena termini

„sxeulis javSani.“ romelic axdens energiis blokirebas da romelic ver poulobs gamosavals organizmidan, Sedegad vRebulobT bunebrivi emiciurobis dakargvas, rac organizmSi biologiuri energiis dagrovebis Sedegia.

nebisyofis saSualebiT yuradRebis sruli mimarTva dagegmili amocanis

gadasaWrelad (ganwyobis Seqmna), rac saswavlo-SemoqmedebiT

atmosferoSi Sesvlis erT-erT xelisSemwyob pirobad gvevlineba.

sxvagvarad mas SeiZleba vuwodoT nebisyofis mizanmimarTuloba,

gamoxatuli yuradRebis koncetraciaSi.

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Tuki yovelives erT

fokusSi movaqcevT, saswavlo procesSi studentis mTliani fsiqo-

fizikuri aparati mimarTuli unda iyos Semdegi specialuri Cvevebis

gamosamuSaveblad:

1. yuradRebis mdgradoba.

2. yuradRebis koncetracia.

3. yuradRebis ganawilebis unari.

4. yuradRebis mimarTulebis swrafi cvalebadoba.K

5. koordinacia, anu yuradRebisa da moZraobis sworad ganawileba

drosa da sivrceSi.

6. yuradReba, rogorc informaciis miRebisa da Semdgomi gadacemis

saSualeba da masze Semdgomi reagirebis unari.

7. TviTkontrolis unari.

8. moqmedebis goniTi analizi da misi praqtikuli gadawyveta.

Semsruleblis ideamotoruli SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba.

Ppedagogiuri meTodebisa da xerxebis Camoyalibeba

nebismieri saswavlo procesi sxvadasxva pedagogiuri meTodis

gamoyenebiT xorcieldeba. es aris Tanmimdevruli da erTmaneTTan

mWidro kavSirSi myofi sistema, romelsac pedagogi dasaxuli miznis

misaRwevad iyenebs.Ppedagogiuri meTodi ormxriv urTierTobas

gulisxmobs, anu urTierToba pedagogsa da moswavles (students)

Soris. yoveli meTodi Sedgeba amocanis Sesrulebis konkretuli,

pedagogiuri xerxebisagan, romelic meTodis struqturul erTeuls

warmoadgens. swavlebis sxvadasxva xerxebis urTierTSerwyma qmnis

pedagogiur meTods, romlis efeqturobasa da Sinaarss gansazRvravs

pedagogis mier saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebuli xerxebis

mravalferovneba. sasceno moZraobaSi ar arsebobs saswavlo meTodis

erTiani modeli, Mmagram ZiriTadi, rac aerTianebs yvela arsebul

meTods, aris maTi realizebis praqtikuli xerxi TvalsaCino, sityvieri

da realuri meTodebis saxiT. Sesabamisad, pedagogis profesionalizmi

vlindeba unarSi, Seqmnili situaciebis analizis safuZvelze dainaxos

da Camoayalibos pedagogiuri amocanebi da meTodebi.

pedagogiuri moRvaweoba warmoadgens mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs

mmarTvel sistemas (pedagogi) da marTvis obieqtebs (studentebs) Soris,

romelsac axasiaTebs:

1. saswavlo procesis – dinamikuroba, anu procesis xarisxis erTi

mdgomareobidan meore mdgomareobaSi gadasvla.

2. saswavlo procesis _ mdgradoba, miuxedavad gare da Sida

xelisSemSleli pirobebisa da procesis dasaxuli xazis SenarCuneba.

saswavlo procesSi da mis sawyis etapze emociaTa regulirebis meTodi

SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnas meTodis klasifikaciiT, gamomdinare

Semdegi principebidan: studentze zemoqmedebis _ anu gaaqtiurebis an

damSvidebis xasiaTis meTodi _ romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli xdeba

saWiro emociis gamowveva an ganeitraleba zemoqmedebis Sesabamisi

saSualebebiT. es aris sunTqviTi, moZraobiTi, verbaluri da mimarTuli

moqmedebebi an TviTregulireba yuradRebis gadarTvis saSualebiT. didi

mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve pedagogis profesiul ostatobas da teqnikur

mzadyofnas, mxedvelobaSia pedagogis emociuri mdgomareobis

TviTregulirebis unari (avtogenuri marTva).

1. pedagogis komunikabelurobis unari (anu studentTan urTierTobis

stili, intonacia ritmi, diqcia da a. S.).

2. meTodilogia _ dakavSirebuli gakveTilis SinaarsTan, mis

situaciurobasTan.

rogorc gakveTilis dasawyisSi, aseve misi msvlelobis dros, emociaTa

marTvis aucilebel saSualebad gvevlineba studentis mier rogorc

movlenaTa kontrolis SesaZlebloba, aseve saerTo emociuri fonis

regulireba sxvadasxva specialuri fsiqo-teqnikis gamoyenebiT. Ees

SeiZleba iyos: 1. e. w. “defribingis” teqnika, 2. dakvirvebis meTodi, 3.

problemuri swavlebis meTodi. 4. kontrolis, TviTkontrolisa da

TviTSefasebis meTodi. 5. mokle taim-autebis meTodi. 6. verbaluri

urTierTobis meTodi. 7. moZraobis danawevrebuli, neli Sesrulebis

meTodi. 8. moZraobaTa uwyvetobis meTodi. 9. Ggalperinis gonebrivi

moqmedebis, mizanmimarTuli, etapobrivi formirebis meTodi. 10. emociis

regulirebis meTodi.

aRniSnuli meTodebis dawvrilebiTi daxasiaTeba ixileT disertaciis

Sesabamis nawilSi.

praqtikuli nawili _ ixileT disertaciis Sesabamis nawilSi.

D

daskvna

M

mocemul disertaciaSi Cvens mier Camoyalibebuli da gaanalizebuli

iqna momavali msaxiobis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis iseTi Tvisebebi,

rogorebicaa yuradReba da emocia. aRniSnuli sakiTxis garSemo

Seswavlil iqna samecniero da pedagogiuri literaturis iseTi

mimarTulebebi, rogorebicaa: filosofia, fsiqologia, pedagogika da

Teatraluri literatura msaxiobis aRzrdis Sesaxeb. Tavisi arsebobis

ganmavlobaSi profesiuli skola mudam eZebda da agrZelebs Ziebebs

msaxiobis profesiuri aRzrdis mimarTulebiT. Teatralur pedagogikaSi

praqtika mudam uswrebda Teorias, mxolod praqtikuli gamocdilebis

niadagze iyo SesaZlebeli iseTi Teatraluri sistemebisa da meTodebis

Camoyalibeba, rogorebic iyo: stanislavskis sistema, marjaniSvilis,

Cexovis, meierholdis, demidovis, brextis, grotovskis, barbas, adleris,

meisnerisa da a. S. sistemebi da meTodebi.

warmodgenil sadisertacio naSromze muSaobis procesSi, sakiTxis

istoriis SeswavlasTan erTad, SevecadeT Segveswavla ara marto

saswavlo procesebSi aRmocenebuli Sida Tu gare xelisSemSleli

faqtorebi da mizezebi, aramed dagvesaxa am faqtorebis daZlevis

Sesabamisi pedagogiuri meTodebi da xerxebi Sesabamisi samsaxiobo

savarjiSoebis saxiT, rogorc studentis mier am procesebSi

aRmocenebuli dadebiTi da uaryofiTi emociebis aRqmis unariT, aseve am

procesebSi studentis yuradRebis uSualo CarTulobiT da maTi

kontroliTa da regulirebiT. studentis emociuri mdgomareobebis

Seswavlam Sesabamis literaturul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT

SesaZlebloba mogvca kidev ufro Rrmad CavwvdomodiT studentis mier

moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi uaryofiTi da dadebiTi emociebis

warmoqmnis meqanizmebs, romelTa gagebis mcdeloba traqtatebis saxiT

saTaves jer kidev ZvelberZnuli filosofiidan iRebs aristoteles,

platonisa da, mogvianebiT, axali epoqis warmomadgenlis - spinozasa da

sxvaTa naSromebi da maTi ideebis Semdgomi ganviTarebiT fsiqologiuri

da pedagogiuri mecnierebis iseTi warmomadgenlebis saxiT, rogorebic

iyvnen: d. uznaZe, r. naTaZe. u. jemsi, k. lange, p. simonovi, l. vigotski da

sxvebi.B

Cveni hipoTezis Tanaxmad, Catarebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze da

praqtikaSi maTi danergviT, studentze zemoqmedebis pedegogiuri

saSualebebi sagrZnoblad gaizarda, ramac saswavlo procesSi

studentis fsiqofizikuri adaptaciis SesaZleblobebi sagrZnoblad

gazarda, aseve Teoriuli kvlevis procesSi gamovlenili iqna studentis

emociuri mravalferovnebis sxvadasxva formebi, xasiaTi, maTi

cvalebadoba da warmoqmnis mizezebi, rogorc gakveTilis dasawyisSi,

aseve misi msvlelobis dros, rac Cveni kvlevis siaxles

warmoadgens.

Cvens mier gamoyofili fsiqologiur- pedagogiuri xerxebi da

meTodebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, mivceT students SesaZlebloba,

moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi gaerkves warmoqmnil emociaTa xasiaTSi

da introspeqciis gziT awarmoos maTi kontroli da regulireba, rac

kidev ufro Segviwyobs xels saswavlo procesebis efeqturad

warmarTvaSi.

L

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3 Платон. Протагор. Античная литература. Изд. Феникс. 1998. Электронная библиотека

Royallib. Com. 2010-2017.

4. Пансо. В. Труд и талант в творчестве актера. Изд. ГИТИС. М.; 2013. 225გვ.

5. Спиноэа Б. Этика. Teorema 4. Ggv. 71. Kkoob. ru.

6. Севастиянов. А. И. Общая театральная психология. 2007, 157.

7. Симонов П. В. Эмоциональный мозг. Изд. Наука. М: 1981. 216გვ.