saqartvelos wmida samociqulo da martlmadidebeli eklesiis...
TRANSCRIPT
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mitropoliti anania jafariZe
saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo
da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi
Tbilisi 2012
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saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo damarTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi
`saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias~ uZvelesi
droidan `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiac~ ewodeboda,
vinaidan igi qristes mociqulebma daafuZnes.
wm. mociqulTa epoqaSi, I saukunis 30-iani wlebidan II sauku-
nis 60-iani wlebis CaTvliT, iberia Zlieri saxelmwifo iyo,
romelic kavkasiis mniSvnelovan nawils moicavda. romaeli is-
torikosebi – tacitusi, dion kasiusi da sxvebi aRweren iberiis
cxovrebas (tacitusis cnobiT I s. 30-iani wlebidan iberia me-
gobrobda romTan da Tavisi Zlieri jariT ebrZoda parTiis
saxelmwifos, raTa armenia maTgan gaeTavisuflebina. parTielT-
agan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg armeniaSi gamefda iberTa mefis
miTridates Ze, SemdegSic iberiis samefo saxlis wevrebi mar-
Tavdnen armenias, maT Soris tacitusi gamoyofs iberiis mefis
farsmanis vaJs radamists. tacitusis cnobiTve armeniasTan
erTad imJamad `iberiam SeierTa albania da uxmo sarmatebs~
(CORNELIUS TACITUS, ANNALES, VI,33-36, IX,9, XII,15-50). meore is-
torikosis dion kasiusis cnobiT II s. pirvel naxevarSi ̀ iberi-
is mefe farasmanesi roca meuRlesTan erTad romSi Camobr-
Zanda adrianem (romis imperatorma) gaafarTova misi samflo-
beloebi~ (dion kasiosi, romis istoria, LXIX, 15).
Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebis `moqcevai qarTli-
sais~ (VII-IX ss.) da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ (VIII-XI ss.) cnobebiT
wmida mociqulebis epoqaSi Tanamedrove saqarTvelos teri-
torias moicavda saxelmwifo - `qarTlis samefo~, romelsac
ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen, is iyo memkvidre didi isto-
riuli kolxidisa.
Zveli qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebisa da ruis-urbnisis
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krebis gansazRvrebiT Camoyalibebis Tanave saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda sruliad saqarTvelos isto-
riuli miwa-wyali da mTeli qarTveli eri (mcxovrebi rogorc
dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi). amitomac nabrZa-
nebia ruis-urbnisis krebis ZeglisweraSi _ `wmida mociqulma
andriam iqadaga yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo wmi-
da ninom `gananaTla yoveli savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTe-
savisa~ (didi sjuliskanoni, 1974, gv. 545-546).
Cveni wyaroebis am miTiTebebs mTlianad eTanxmebian IV-V
da sxva saukuneebis ucxouri wyaroebi
kerZod, IV saukunis eklesiis istorikosi gelasi kesarie-
li wm. ninos Sesaxeb wers _ imperator konstantines xanaSi`RmrTis cneba miiRes pontos gaswvriv miwa-wyalze mcxovrebmaiberebma da lazebma, romelTac manamde is ara swamdaT. am udide-
si sikeTis mizezi gaxda erTi dedakaci, romelic maTTan iyotyved~ (georgika, I, 1961, gv. 186).
amasve wers V saukunis istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic _
`amave dros pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebma iberebma
da lazebma RmrTis sityva, romelic manamde ar swamdaT Seiwy-nares~ (mimomxilveli, I, 1926, gv. 55).
maSasadame gelasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis cnobe-
biT, mTelma qarTvelma erma, rogorc zRvispireTSi mcxovre-
blebma (lazebma), ise qveynis danarCen nawilSi mcxovreblebma
(iberebma), erTdroulad miiRo ̀ RvTis mcneba~ wmida ninos mier.
iberTa moqcevis faqts aRweren ax. w. IV-V saukuneebis istori-
kosebi: sokrate (saeklesio istoria, wigni I, 19), Teodoritos
kvireli (eklesiis istoria, wigni I, 1, 23.), sozomene (saekle-
sio istoria, wigni I, 6, 7, 34, 36) da rufinusi (saeklesio isto-
ria, I, 10).
gelasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis cnobebs, rom wmi-
da ninom moaqcia lazebic iberebTan erTad, eTanadeba V sauku-
nis cnobili istorikosis movses xorenacis cnoba, is wers,
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vrceli areali Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde moqcia wmida ni-
nom, romelmac iqadaga klarjeTidan vidre kaspiis zRvipireT-
Si imJamad mcxovreb masquTebamde _ `sanatreli nune wavida
iqedan, raTa Tavisi advilgasagebi saubriT qarTvelTa qveynis
sxva kuTxeebic daemoZRvra... gavbedav da vityvi, rom nune mociqu-
li qali gaxda, man iqadaga saxareba klarjeTidan dawyebuli vi-
dre alanTa da kaspiis karebamde, masquTTa sazRvrebamde, rogorc
amas agaTangelozi gauwyebs Sen~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis is-
toria, 1984, gv. 172).
agaTangelozis cnobiTac, movses xorenacis sityviT, wmi-
da ninos uqadagnia Savi zRvispireTidan - klarjeTidan, vi-
dre kaspiis zRavmde (masquTebamde).
saqarTvelos provincia klarjeTi mdebareobda Savi
zRvispirze, xolo masquTebis tomi wmida ninos epoqaSi cx-
ovrobda kaspiis zRvispirze, am arealze iqadaga wm ninom
xorenelis cnobiT.
dasavleT saqarTvelo klarjeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare-
obda da am cnobebiTac wm. ninos samoRvaweo arealSi, Sedio-
da. dasavleT saqarTvelo Semdeg xaukuneebSic saqarTvelos
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, radganac kirion kaTaliko-
si (VI-VII ss) egrisis arqiepiskoposic iyo ioane somexTa kaTa-
likosis cnobis (899 w.) Tanaxmad. is wers _ kirion I iyo mamamTa-
vari `iberielTa, gugarelTa da egriselTa adrindeli wesis Se-
sabamisad~ (ioane kaTalikosis (drasxanakertelis) matiane, 1912,
gv. 65).
am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania cnobili istori-
kosis uxtanesis cnobebi, romelic exeba saqarTvelos eklesi-
is istorias VIII-X ss. uxtanesi Tanamedrove iyo mis mier aRw-
erili ambebisa.
qarTuli wyaroebiT ki, rogorc aRiniSna, dasavleT
saqarTvelo gaqristianebidanve uwyvetad saqarTvelos (mcx-
eTis) saeklesio iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. qarTuli wyaroebi am
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kuTxiT sagangebod Seiswavla iv. javaxiSvilma da daaskvna- -
andria mociqulic da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis dam-
aarseblad da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni,
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZeb-
nis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofeli
saqarTvelos gamntkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis iRwvodnen~ (iv.
javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, t. III, gv. 47). `es aris
qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier dadgenili da mTeli qarTve-
li erisagan Sesisxlxorcebuli Semecneba~ (iqve, gv. 97).
`moqcevaY qarTlisaYs~ cnobiT, V saukunis 60-70-ian wleb-
Si, vaxtang gorgaslis epoqaSi, saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs
mamamTavris tituli hqonia (sityva `mamamTavari~ identuria
sityva `patriarqisa~). aq pirvel kaTalikoss petres mamamTa-
vari ewodeba _ `aqaiTgan iwyes kaTalikosTa
mamamTavrobad~(Zegl, I, 1964, gv. 93).
vaxtang gorgasalma ineba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia mow-
yobiliyo rogorc erTiani, centralizebuli, samamamTavro
eklesia, e.i. dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) episkoposi saqarTvelos
eklesiisaTvis sayovelTao episkoposi anu kaTalikosi gaxda
(berZn. sityvidan _ ̀ kaTolos~ _ sayovelTao)
qadagebaTa Semdgom IV-VII ssSi saqarTvelos yovel nawil-
Si Camoyalibda aTeulobiT eparqia da saepiskoposo. maTi ricxvi
gasakuTrebiT gaizarda VIII-X ss-Si, amis gamo, warmoiqmna
saWiroeba, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiaSi eparqiaTa marTvis gaad-
vilebisaTvis Camoyalibuliyo ramdenime saeklesio admini-
starciuli olqi, msgavsni bizantiuri samitropolito olqe-
bisa. am mizniT, qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi Camoyalibda dasvleT
saqarTvelos momcveli saeklesio-administaciuli erTeuli,
romelsac `qvemo iveriis~ anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ewode-
boda. mis mmarTvels ̀ umrwemesi kaTalikosis~ tituli meini-
Wa, radganac `uxucesi kaTalikosi~ mcxeTis pirvelierarqs
erqva,
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Zvel saqarTveloSi saeklesio-administraciuli erTeu-
lis daarsebis ufleba ekuTvnoda mefes, amitomac afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos daarsebas esaWiroeboda dasturi saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis mxridan da marTlac, saqarTvelos mefe bagrat
bagrationma (IX s.) gasca amis dasturi.
amitomac wers mematiane Semdegs: ̀ aman bagrat ganawesa kaTa-
likozi afxazeTs qristes aqeT 830 wels~ (qarTlis cxovreba,
1955, I, gv. 255).
afxazeTis sakaTalikoso aRmocenda qarTvel mefeTa da
pirvelierarqTa nebiT da is SemdgomSi yovelTvis erT-erT
administraciul _ saeklesio olqs warmoadgenda zogadqarTu-
li eklesiisa.
afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, istoriulad qarTuli eklesiis
erT nawils warmoadgenda, romlis meore nawili iyo qarTlis
sakaTalikoso.
aseve, Semdgom saukuneebSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi qristiano-
bis gavrcelebis kvaldakval, Camoyalibda xunZeTis (daRest-
nis) samitropolito olqi, romelsac qarTuli eklesiis iuris-
diqciaSi Semavali kaTalikosi marTavda, amis Tqmis uflebas
iZleva is, rom sinas mTis qarTulma xelnawerebma Semoinaxes
`xunZeli kaTalikosis oqropiris~ saxeli, amasTanave cnobil-
ia, rom kavkasiis am regionSi ramdenime saepiskoposo moqmedeb-
da (anwuxisa, waxurisa, War-fifineTisa da sxva), arqeologebis
mier dadasturebulia am regionSi mravali qristianuli ek-
lesiis naSTi qarTuli warwerebiT. sxva qristianul naSTebTan
erTad aRmoCenilia IX-X ss. sefiskveris qvis sabeWdavic ki
aseve qarTuli warwerebiT.
samxreT saqarTvelosa da Crdilo somxeTSi mcxovrebi
mrevlisaTvis aseve daarsebuli iqna saqarTvelos eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi Semavali saeklesio-administraciuli erTeuli
_ ̀ somxiTis samitropolitos~ saxelwodebiT.
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saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Semavali ramdenime sakaTali-
koso (qarTlisa, afxazeTisa, xunZeTisa) da mravalaTeuli
saepiskoposo qmnida erTian qarTul eklesias.
zogad qarTuli eklesiis mTlianoba miiRweoda saerTo saek-
lesio samarTliT, saerTo sjuliskanoniT, saerTo qarTuli
saRvTismsaxuro eniT, saerTo tradiciebiTa da saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqis saerTo meTaurobiT.
aRniSnul sakaTalikosoTa zemdgomi saeklesio instituti
iyo saerTo sjuliskanonis da saeklesio samarTlis SemmuSave-
beli saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi. sruliad saqarTvelos pa-
triarqis movaleoba iyo uzrunveleyo sruliad saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi (e.i. qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebSi da sxva
saeklesio-administraciul erTeulebSi) saerTo sjuliskano-
nis dacva.
afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosTa monawileobiT saek-
lesio krebebis mier gamocemul kanonebs mTels saqarTvelo-
Si (cxadia afxazeTSic) savalddebulod aRsasrulebeli Zala
eniWeboda (maT Soris samoqalaqo samarTlis sferoSic). ma-
galiTad, XVI s-is saeklesio samarTlis ZeglSi, romelsac ̀ sa-
marTali kaTalikosTa~ ewodeba, naTqvamia: `q. saxeliTa da Rv-
TisaTa: me qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa saqarTveloisa
kaTalikozman-patriarqman malaqia, me qristes mier kurTxeul-
man afxazeTis kaTalikozman mamaTmTavarman evdemon, davsxediT
da SevkribeniT yovelni ebiskopozni afxazeTisani ...davideviT
sjuliskanoni da Cvenca imisgan gamoviReviT... da sjuliskanon-
ica asre brZanebs~... (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I. 1963,
gv. 393-397). afxazeTis sakaTalikosos am saeklesio krebam
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis meTaurobiT ga-
mosca kanonebi, romlebic savaldebulod aRsasrulebeli iyo
mTeli saqarTvelos teritoriaze, Tumca is afxazeTSi iqna
miRebuli da isini afxazeTis sakaTlikosos episkoposebma
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daamtkices (eseni iyvnen quTaTeli, genaTeli, Wyondideli,
bedieli, moqveli, drandeli, cagereli, xoneli, nikorwmide-
li, caiSeli), magram, isini, am krebaze, erTian saqarTvelos
eklesias warmoadgendnen.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis cnobiT, saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis meTauris sapatriarqo Rirseba ucvnia VI msoflio saek-
lesio krebas. Znelia iTqvas ramdenad Seesabameba realobas
es cnoba, magram is gvaZlevs informacias saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis wiaRSi damkvidrebuli azris Sesaxeb rom, sapatriarqo
Rirseba saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs VII saukunedan gaaCn-
da. es wyaro wers:
`qristes aqeT q-nk iqmna kreba meeqvse [680-681]. . .kostanti-
nopolis Sina. amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa
saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pa-
tiviTa (viTarca) wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapa-
triarqoni.
da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana, da
akurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepisko-
posTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa, da samwysosa Tvissa
qarTlsa gamoRma-gaRma kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT-wam-
ovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTsa da Cerqezis sazRvramdis,
sruliad ovseTsa da yovelsa zemo-qarTlsa samcxe-saaTabagosa~
(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955, gv. 231, 232).
aseve am cnobas, imeorebs Zveli saeklesio wyaro _ `mar-
tviluri xelnaweri~. is asaxelebs Tavis berZnul wyars. `mar-
tvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli `konstantinopo-
luri taqtikoni~. cnobilia, rom VI msoflio krebas kanonebi
ar gamoucia, magram krebis mier dadgenili da imperatoris mier
damtkicebuli saboloo teqsti 681 wlis 16 seqtembers gadaeca
saimperatoro kars sagangebod dasacavad. albaT mas uwodebs es
wyaro `konstantinopoluri taqtikons~. albaT es saboloo teqs-
ti daedo safuZvlad `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil Ca-
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narTs msoflio krebis mier qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo
Rirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. `martvilur xelnaweris~ cnoba aseTia:
`rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa Sina kon-
stantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wmida meeqvsesa kre-
basa konstantine poRonatisasa da aRaTon romTa papisa,
giorgi konstantinopolelisasa da Teofane antioqielisasa
da maT-Tana asocdaaTTa mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikozi
qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da Tavisuflad da uflad
yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasa Sina
antioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTu ar-
Raravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavari
ars~ (martvilis xelnawerebi, Zveli saqarTvelo, t. III,
1913-1914 ww., gv . 29).
aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w. trulis kreba,
romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT. Sekriba da
gamosca wina msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magram maTSi ar Sesula
mravali kanoni da dadgenileba wina krebebisa, albaT, masSi ar
moxvda aseve VI krebis dadgenileba qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb. v.
goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoaRniSnuli
cnoba sandoa (v.goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv.
195).
maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias samarTlianad
miaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba moipova VI
msoflio krebaze, 681 wels. marTlac, iqamde patriarqis wodebas
atarebda amierkavkasiis orive mezobeli eklesiis meTauri - somx-
eTisa da albaneTisa, rogorc es kargad Cans movses kalankatuacis
Txzulebidan. amitomac araa gasakviri is, rom qarTuli eklesiis
meTaurs eZia patriarqis wodeba da moepovebina es udidesi Rirseba
msoflio eklesiis dasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pa-
tivi gauTanabrdeboda msoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amas
sagangebod aRniSnavs cnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT
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wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida
mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samo-
ciqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTa-
likosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~ (qarTlis cx-
ovreba, 1955, gv. 231, 232). aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis
samwyso. masSi saqarTvelos garda Sevida qarTuli eTnosiT dasax-
lebuli teritoriebi: Saqi da Sirvani, kavkasiis mTianeTi `midg-
miT - warmovliT mTisa adgilni~ - esenia dRevandeli
daRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi `suaneTisa da Cerqezis sazRvram-
dis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi im droisaTvis
mxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom albaneTis eklesia, swored VII s-is dasas-
ruls SeierTa somxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m. kalankatuacis
Tanaxmad; xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuri
qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli mxareebi, rogorc aRiniSna, daubrunda
dedaeklesias. igulisxmeba teritoria moqceuli mtkvar-alaznis
SesarTavidan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, romelsac qarTvelebi
hereTs uwodebdnen. am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisi
iurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos SavizRvispi-
ra mxareebi am droisaTvis, e .i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, kv-
lavindeburad Sedioda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.
xolo konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi Semavali berZnu-
lenovani saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-
isa mdebareobdnen ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rogorc
miiCnies XX s-Si, aramed, n. adoncis kvleviT, trapezun-
tis regionSi, Tanamedrove gumuSxane-sumelas regionSi,
romelic istoriulad qarTveli xalxiT iyo dasaxlebu-
li, mas erqva `lazikis eparqia~.
maSasadame, TviT saqarTvelos eklesaSi istoriulad
damkvidrebuli iyo mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelos eklesias sap-
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atriarqo Rirseba miuRia VII saukuneSi, rom saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda Crdilo kavkasia, samxreT
kavkasiis marTlmadidebluri nawili da aseve mis samxreTiT
mdebare qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli miwa-wyali. marTlac tao-
klarjeTSi parxlis monastris warweraSi, romelic Sesrule-
buli aris mefe daviT kurapalatis (+1001) dros, moxseniebu-
li aris `qarTlisa da yovlisa aRmosavleTisa patriarqi iov-
ane~.
`yoveli aRmosavleTi~ qarTuli saeklesio wyaroebis cno-
biT erqva vrcel teritorias Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde,
Crdilo anu marTlmadideblur armeniasTan erTad.
a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari
saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda ̀ nikofsia~, dRevande-
li tuafse, sadac qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli simon kananeli
iyo dakrZaluli da romelic giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad,
`queyanasa Cuensa _ afxazeTs~ mdebareobda. es iyo provincia
jiqeTis centrSi, es provincia ki qerCamde aRwevda. rogorc
wyaroebi uCveneben, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-dasav-
leTis sazRvari aRwevda xersonesamde. ase magaliTad, 1525-
1550 wlebis biWvinTis iadgarSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdi-
lo-dasavleTis sazRvrad dasaxelebulia punqti ̀ kafa~, Crdi-
loeTis sazRvrad ki _ `ruseTis samzRvari~. punqti `kafa~
mdebareobda xersonesTan _ ̀ kaTalikozis sakurTxi aris, samw-
yso _ lixsa da kafas Sua da ruseTis samzRuarsa da WaneTs
Sua~(qarT. samarTlis Zeglebi,t. II. gv. 180).
saerTod xersonesi da kafas naxevarkunZuli pirvel sauku-
neebSive dakavSirebuli iyo saqarTvelosTan, magaliTad _ ̀ kar-
dinal baroniusis azriT, ax.w.aR-is 100 wels imperator tra-
12
ianes mier xersonesSi gandevnili papi wm. klimentis mecadi-
neobis Sedegad kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba gavrcelda.
arqanjelo lamberti kardinal baroniusis am mosazrebis Sesax-
eb iqve miuTiTebs, rom ̀ ...kolxeTi xuTasi miliTaa daSorebuli
xersonesidan~, ...arqanjelo lamberti im azrs icavs, rom kolx-
eTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba wm. andream da wm. barTlomeom
gaavrceles~ (i. tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebSi, w.I.
1984, gv.56).
`qalaqi kaffa mdebareobs 17 verstis daSorebiT kara-
gozidan... emxroba kafis yuris dasavleT nawils... am qalaqma
yirimis aRebis Semdeg miiRo Tavisi Zveli saxeli _ `Teodo-
sia~, amJamad ki isev ewodeba Tavisi winandeli saxeli kaffa~,
magram adre TaTrebi eZaxdnen aseve _ quCuk _ stambuls.
qalaqs uWiravs Zalze moxerxebuli da xelsayreli mdgomar-
eoba vaWrobaSi. is iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani yvela punqts
Soris, romlebic genuelebma daiWires yirimSi~ (Çàïèñêè
Èìïåðàòîðñêîãî Îäåññêîãî îáøåñòâà èñòîðèé è äðåâíîñòåé,
ò. 13, 1883, ñòð. 47);
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvari
aris punqti kaffa, yirimSi, xersonesTan. saqarTvelos sapa-
triarqoSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Camoyalibebis Semdeg
sazRvari kaffamde aRwevda. xersonesis gaTxrebis dros aR-
moCnda qarTuli taZari, rogorc es gamoikvlia kaTalikos-
patriarqma kirionma. manve gamoTqva azri, rom VIII s-Si goTe-
Tis upirvelesi episkoposis iberiaSi xeldasxmis Semdeg go-
TeTis eklesia qarTul eklesias daeqvemdebara (episkoposi
kirioni, xersonis qarTvelTa monasteri, saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, 1981 w., #12, gv. 17;) kaffa goTeTTan mdebareobda.
b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari
13
V saukuneSi vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli niqozis
saepiskoposos samwysoSi Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasielebi
(dval-osebi), da aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos nawili (glola-
Rebis sanaxebi) _ ̀ ars niqozs eklesia... gorgasal hyo saepisko-
pozod da dasua episkopozi, zis dResac, mwyemsi kavkasianTa,
dualTa da aw oseTad wodebulisa, glola RebiTurT~ (qarT-
lis cxovreba, t. IV, 1959 w., gv. 370); `qarTlis cxovrebis~
Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari aRwevda
`...Cerqezis sazRvramdis sruliad ovseTisa...~ (qarTlis cx-
ovreba, I, gv. 232). `...pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvamde~
(iqve, gv. 231, SeniSvna I); saukunis pirveli naxevris saqarTve-
los sagareo politikis istoriisaTvis, krebuli XVI saukune-
Si afxazeTis sakaTalikosos CrdiloeTis sazRvari emTxveoda
ruseTis saxelmwifos samxreTis sazRvars, romelic jer kidev
ar iyo moaxloebuli kavkasias _ `ruseTis samzRvarsa da Wa-
neTs Sua~-o, _ wers `biWvinTis iadgari~. XVIII saukuneSic ki
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis samwysod miaCnda `pontos~,
anu Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare miwebi _ ̀ ponto Crdil-
oiT~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III. 1970 w., gv. 923);
XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis dros
qarTul eklesiaSi rom Sedioda CeCneTi, inguSeTi, oseTi, av-
aria _ mTiani daRestani, amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs axali gamokv-
levebi. (Â. Á. Âèíîãðàäîâ, Î ðåàëüíîñòè ãðóçèíñêîãî âëèÿíèÿ
íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîì êàâêàçå â X-XIII ââ., macne, istoriis
seria, 1988 w., #2, gv. 165-168);
Crdilo kavkasiis mkvlevari g. RambaSiZe wers: `Crdilo
kavkasiis qveynebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis iuris-
diqcias gamoxatavs XI s-is damdegs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-
patriarqis melqisedek I-is moxsenieba `aRmosavleTis patri-
arqad~ imierkavkasiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi qristianu-
li Zeglis tyoba-ierdas (inguSeTis) taZarze... avareTSi qris-
tianuli kulturisa da saqarTvelo-daRestnis kulturul-
14
istoriul urTierTobaTa gasaSuqeblad gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovania umTavresad xunZaxsa da mis SemogarenSi
ZvelqarTuli damwerlobis ZeglTa arseboba... es unikaluri
Zeglebi naTlad da utyuarad migviTiTeben Sua saukuneTa av-
areTSi qarTuli damwerlobisa da enis gavrcelebaze, iqaur
eklesia-taZrebSi qarTuli RvTismsaxurebisa da qarTul
grafikul sistemaze agebul damwerlobaze... X-XIV ss-Ta av-
areTSi qristianobis intensifikacia kargad Cans werilobiTi
monacemebiTac _ ...1310 wlis maRalaSviliseuli saxarebis mi-
nawerSi (giorgi brwyinvales dros) dadasturebulia daRestan-
Si ramdenime eparqiis arseboba (xunZaxis, anwuxisa da waxurisa)
da bolos aRvniSnavT, mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT uZvirfases
cnobas sinas erT-erTi qarTuli monastris XV s-is saaRape
wignidan _ `xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiris~ Sesaxeb, romel-
sac korneli kekeliZe mitropolitTan aigivebda da riTac
daRestanSi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis samitro-
politos arsebobaa dadasturebuli~ (g. RambaSiZe,
saqarTvelosa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis xalxTa kulturul-is-
toriuli urTierToba, feodaluri saqarTvelos ar-
qeologiuri Zeglebi, V, 1987 w., gv. 11-13).
Crdilo kavkasiaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos erT-erTi
samitropolitos arseboba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos saxel-
wodebiT, werilobiTaa dadasturebuli.
g. aRmosavleTis sazRvari
jer kidev V saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva, mose xoreneli wer-
da, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelma wmida ninom iqadaga `klar-
jeTidan _ masquTTa qveynamdeo~.
masquTTa qveyana mdebareobda kaspiis zRvis piras, axlan-
deli derbendis siaxloves, TviT mose xoreneli Tvlida, rom
15
mis dros V saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedio-
da vrceli miwebi klarjeTidan kaspiis zRvamde, rasac eT-
anxmeba qarTlis cxovreba _ qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi
aRmosavleTiT Sedioda _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani da midgmiT _
warmovliT mTisa adgilni (qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 232);
`pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde~.
1310 wlis werilobiT cnobaSia _ `odes sanatrelman man
patriarqman Cuenman eqvTime moixila kaxeTs anwuxisa saepisko-
poso da mieriTgan gardamovida waxurs, kak-elisens da movlo
saydarni: kasri samebisa, yumi RvTismSoblisa, leqarTs wm. mo-
ciqulTasworisa ninosi, zars wm. mTavarmowamisa giorgisa, vard-
ians wm. habosi, ganuxs arCilisi, qiS-nuxs RvTismSoblisa, bar-
daSens eliasi... kvalad saydarni xunZTa, naxCTa, ToSeTisa, nekre-
sisa, laguTisa, belqanisa, maj-fifineTisa, ferijan-muxax-mamre-
Tisa da yovlisa vakisa, e.i. ars Zvelisa movakanisa da elisenisa,
verxvianT zeganiT gamo, ivris mdinaris CasarTavamde alazansa
da sanatrelman eqvTime mibrZana qurmuxisa mTavar episkopossa
da yovlisa mTeulisa winamZRvarsa kirile donaursa...~ (k.
kekeliZe, etiudebi, II, 1945 w., gv. 314).
am amonaweridan Cans, rom uSualod saqarTvelos patri-
arqs eqvemdebareba albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mcxovrebi is sam-
wyso, romelic win aRudga monofizitur aRmsareblobas da
ar SeuerTda kavkasiaSi monofizitur centrs - somxur ekle-
sias. am mxares hereTi ewodeboda, moicavda teritorias,
romelsac Semdgom Saqi ewoda, mdebareobda mtkvar-alaznis
SesarTavidan vidre mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde, mtkvris
marcxena sanapiros momcveli qveyana. aq mTavari sasuliero
centri saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Semavali giSis saepisko-
poso iyo. rac Seexeba albaneTs, mas kavkasiaSi gansaxilvel
dros, VII s.-Si, Semosuli arabebi `arans~ uwodebdnen. qarTu-
li wyaroebiT rani (arani) mtkvris marjvena sanapiros qveyana
iyo.
16
aRsaniSnavia, rom hereTis qristianebi qarTulenovanni
iyvnen. maTi dedaena iyo qarTuli ena. isini V saukuneSi mcxe-
Tis eklesias eqvemdebarebodnen. es `SuSanikis wamebidanac~
Cans. Semdgom, politikuri mizezis gamo, hereTis qristianebi
ierarqiulad daeqvemdebarnen albaneTis sakaTalikosos. VI
saukunidan rogorc albaneTis, ise qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi
somxuri eklesiis mZlavr zegavlenas ganicdidnen sparsTa sax-
elmwifos nebiT. amis gamo, albaneTis sakaTalikosoSi, saek-
lesio enad dainerga ara mSobliuri qarTuli da albanuri
enebi, aramed eklesiebSi wirva-locvisaTvis gamoiyeneboda
somxuri ena. amis mizezi sparsTa zemoqmedebis garda, albane-
Tis xalxTa mravalerovneba iyo. albaneTSi gavrcelebuli iyo
rogorc sparsuli, aseve Turquli da kavkasiuri enebi, am qvey-
nis Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki hereTis mosaxleobis dedaena iyo
qarTuli ena.
VII saukunis bolos, movses kalankatuacis Tanaxmad, al-
baneTis eklesiam sabolood dakarga avtokefalia da is
SeuerTda somxur eklesias (movses kalankatuaci, alvanTa qvey-
nis istoria, 1985 w., gv. 140); amis gamo imJamad albaneTis naw-
ilad gadaqceul hereTSic somxuri eklesiis mecadineobiT
gavrcelda monofizitoba. es mwvalebloba hereTSi aRmoufx-
vria dinara dedofals X saukuneSi. amis Semdeg hereTi da
aRmosavleTis mxareebi kvlav Tavis deda qarTul eklesias
daubrunda. XI saukuneSi sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg, hereT-
sa da mis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qveynebze iurisdiqcias
saqarTvelos patriarqi axorcielebda, rogorc zemoT moy-
vanili amonawerebidanac Cans.
d. sazRvari samxreTiT
imperator konstantine porfirogenetis Tanaxmad,
saqarTvelos samxreTis sazRvari mdinare arezamde (araqsam-
17
de) Cadioda, is wers, _ mdinare araqsis ̀ ...marcxena mxare iberi-isaken mimarTuli epyraT iberebs, xolo marjvena, rac Teo-dosiopolisaken aris, rogorc cixeebi, ise soflebi iyves Cveni
mbrZaneblobis qveS. sazRvrad mdinare iqneba~ (georgika, t. IV,
nakveTi II, gv. 271); iberiaSi Semavali `mesxeTis Zireul nawilsSeadgenda seqtorebi mezobeli araqsisa da dasavleT evfratis
xeobebisa~ (p. ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, gv. 297);
araqsisa da evfratis saTaveebi X saukuneSi ara mxold
konstantine porfirogenetis dros iyo qarTvelebiT dasax-
lebuli, aramed saerTod araqs-evfratis saTaveebis miwa-wya-
li iseve, rogorc trapezuntis olqis mTianeTi -pariedredan
vanis tbis mimarTulebiT, strabinis cnobiT, iberebis isto-
riul miwa-wyals warmoadgenda Zv.w. II saukunebde, am miwa-wy-
lis armeniis saxelmwifoSi Sesvlamde.
straboni wers _ `mogviTxroben, rom warsulSi armeniis
patara qveyana gafarTovda artaqsiasa da zariadrias omebis
Sedegad. isini iyvnen antioq didis mxedarTmTavrebi, misi dam-
arcxebis Semdeg ki mefeebi gaxdnen. maT erTad gaafarToves
TavianTi samflobelo, CamoaWres ra irgvliv mcxovreb xalx-
ebs olqebi, kerZod. . . iberebisagan miitaces pariadres
mTiswineTi, xorZene da gogarene, romelic kiris meore mxare-
saa, xalibebs da mosinikebs CamoaWres kareniti da qserqsene,
mcire armeniis mosazRvre nawilebi~ (straboni, geografia, XI,
14, 5).
am CamorTmeul (ukve armeniaSi Semaval miwebze) qarTule-
bi (iberebi) uwyvetad cxovrobdnen osmalebis saxelmwifos
Seqmnamde da mis Semdgom saukuneTa manZilze, isini taoSi am-
Jamadac ki cxovroben.
es mxareebi strabonamdec qarTveli xalxis samSoblo iyo,
amitomac jer kidev qristeSobamde aTasi wliT adre aq, am
mxareebSi warmoiqmna qarTveli xalxis pirveli saxelmwifoe-
bi _ diaoxi da kolxa. diaoxisa da kolxasagan momdinareoben
18
am mxareebSi gavrcelebuli toponimebi _ `tao~ da `kola~.
moses xorenacis Tanaxmad, qristemde, am mxareebSi Semosvlis
dros (VI-V saukuneebSi), armenielebs aq adgilobrivi mosax-
leoba daxvedria, romelTa asimilaciac maSinve dawyebula.
xorenelis Tanaxmad, armenielTa erT mefes aukrZalavs adgi-
lobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliur enaze laparaki da neba
daurTavs armenielTa enaze laparakisa. _ `amasTanave aramma
ubrZana iqaur mkvidrT, SeeTvisebinaT somxuri ena da laparaki~
(movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984 w., gv. 77); xoreneli
mravalgzis aRniSnavs _ `sakvirvelia mematianis naTqvami, rom
Cvens qveyanaSi mraval adgilas gafantulad mkvidrobda mcire-
ricxovani xalxi, Cveni Zireuli winapris, haikis
mosvlamde~(iqve, gv. 73). anda `matianeSi aqac aRniSnulia, rom
velis samxreT nawilSi, erT wagrZelebul mTasTan adridanve
cxovrobdnen mcireodeni kacni, romlebic nebiT damorCild-
nen gmirs~ (iqve, gv. 70); anda `...ar SemiZlia vTqva dabejiTebiT,
STamomavalia igi haikisa Tu haikis (mosvlamde) am qveyanaSi mcx-
ovrebi xalxisa, romelTa arsebobaze miuTiTeben Zveli Tqmule-
bebi~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984 w., gv. 108);
xorenelis mTargmneli da komentatori al. abdalaZe amis
Sesaxeb wers _ `xorenacis am da msgavs cnobebSi asaxulia is-
toriuli sinamdvile imis Sesaxeb, rom e.w. `didi somxeTis~
miwa-wyalze somexTa mosvlamde mkvidrobdnen sxva xalxebi,
maT Soris qarTuli modgmis tomebic~ (iqve, gv. 249);
qarTvelTa asimilacia armenielTa mier `didi somxeTis~
miwa-wyalze warmatebuli iyo somxeTis aRmosavleT nawilSi,
magram dasavleT somxeTSi arezisa da evfratis siaxloves mcx-
ovrebma qarTvelebma didxans SeinarCunes TavianTi ena, Cans,
imis gamo, rom qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi Seqmnili iberiis
saxelmwifo am mimarTulebiT sazRvrebs ifarToebda xolme,
gansakuTrebiT I-II saukuneebSi.
Semdgom saukuneebSi somxeTis gaZlierebam daaCqara somx-
19
eTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis nawilobrivi asimilacia. saqarTve-
los sapatriarqos warmoqmnis dros e.w. ̀ didi somxeTis~ ter-
itoriaze cxovrobda uamravi qarTveli adgilobrivi mcxovre-
bi, maTTvis daarsebuli iqna saepiskoposoebi, romelTa
sazRvrebi aRwevda raxsisa da evfratis xeobebamde. ̀ XIII sauku-
neSi monRolTa batonobis drosac ki mesxeTis mTavris kuTv-
nili qveyana iwyeboda taSiskaridan da grZeldeboda, ̀ aRmarT,
vidre karnu qalaqamde~. XIV saukuneSic taSiskaridan vidre
basianamde ̀ mesxTa qveSe dawesebuli qveyana iyo~... XVII sauku-
nis antioqieli patriarqi makari adasturebs, rom adre
saqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvari iyo mdinare evfrati da ev-
fratis aqeTa teritoriebi sul saqarTvelod iTvleboda.
saqarTvelos sazRvari rom evfratamde Cadioda, amas amow-
mebs Celebic. mdinare arezis aqeTa mxaresa da arzrumis mi-
damoebs didxans SemorCa qarTuli mosaxleoba. XVII saukuneSi
arzrumis midamoebSi gamovlilma arqanjelo lambertim ram-
denime qarTuli sofeli naxa, romelTac arzrumelad wode-
buli qarTveli mwyemsmTavari ejdaT arzrumSi~ (S. lomsaZe,
samcxe-javaxeTi, gv. 256).
amis gamo iyo, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda _
anisis, yarsis, valaSkertisa da sxva saepiskoposoebi.
es mxareebi daviT kurapalatis dros iveriis anu ̀ qarTvel-
Ta ~ samefos SemadgenlobaSi moeqca, bizantiis imperiamac aq
(Teodosiopol-arzrumidan anisamde) Tavisi administraciu-
li erTeuli Camoayaliba ̀ iberiis Temis~ saxelwodebiT. rad-
gan am mxareebs Sua saukuneebSi somxeTi ewodeboda, aq saqarTve-
los sapatriarqos mrevlis sulier meTaurs `somxeTis mit-
ropoliti~ erqva.
20
urTierTdamokidebuleba sakaTalikosoTa Soris
saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, Sedioda:
1. qarTlis sakaTalikoso; 2. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso; 3. somx-
eTis samitropolito; 4. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi. (ucx-
oelebi, xSirad, maT meTaurebs ara kaTalikosebs, aramed ar-
qiepisoposebs, sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqs ki `kaTali-
koss~ uwodebdnen, amasTanave afxazeTis sakaTalikosos- ̀ qvemo
iberiis~ saarqiepiskoposos, qarTlisas ki ̀ zemo iberiis~ saar-
qiepiskoposos uwodebdnen).
yovel sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda saepiskoposoebi. dasav-
leT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi uSualod eqvemdebarebo-
da afxazeTis kaTalikoss, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saepisko-
posoebi ki _ qarTlis kaTalikoss. qarTlis kaTalikossa da
afxazeTis kaTalikoss Soris ufros-umcrosobiTi damokide-
buleba arsebobda.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurad _ patriarqad,
rogorc wesi, qarTlis kaTalikoss svamdnen, anu qarTlis kaTa-
likosi imave dros saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo, magram arse-
bobda gamonaklisic, rodesac afxazeTis kaTalikosebi,
rogorc ucxouri, ise qarTuli wyaroebiT sruliad saqarTve-
los patriarqebad moixsenebian. am sakiTxs qvemoT vexebiT.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurs oficialurad ewode-
boda _ `yovlisa saqarTveloYsa patriarqi da qarTlisa kaTa-
likosi~ (iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, t. IV, gv.
51). qarTlis kaTalikosi rom imave dros saqarTvelos patri-
arqi iyo, sityva `patriarqi~ _ Sua saukuneTa saqarTveloSi
iTargmneboda da ixmareboda misi qarTuli Targmani ̀ mamamTa-
vari~. 1103 wlis dokumentSi patriarqs ase moixsenieben _ ̀ io-
vane wmidisa kaTalikosisa da yovlisa saqarTveloYsa yovlad
Rirsisa mamaT-mTavrisa mravalni arian welni~ (didi sjulis
21
kanoni, 1975w., gv. 553), XIII saukunis dokumentSia _ `...wmidisa
mamaTmTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa kaTa-
likozsa~... (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970 w., gv.
161),
1610 wlis _ ̀ yovlisa saqarTveloYsa mamaTmTavarTmTavar-
man kaTalikozman patronman zebedem~ (iqve, gv. 388); ̀ yovlisa
aRmosavlisa da CrdiloYsa didman mamamTavarman, kaTalikozman
patronman zebedem~ (iqve, gv. 390); 1616 wlis _ `yovlisa
saqarTvelosa didman mamaTmTavarTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTa-
likozman patronman iovanem~ (iqve, gv. 342);
aq yuradReba unda mieqces, rom qarTuli eklesiis me-
Taurs ewodeba saqarTvelos mamamTavari, anu patriarqi da
qarTlis kaTalikosi. saqarTvelo da qarTli XI saukunis Sem-
deg erTi da igive cnebebi ar aris, saqarTvelo ̀ nikofsiidan
darubandamde~, moqceul qveyanas, xolo qarTli, _ lixis mTis
aRmosavleTiT mdebare provinciebs erqva, amitomac roca
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs uwodeben saqarTvelos patriarqsa
da qarTlis kaTalikoss, Cven iseve unda gavigoT, rogorc
weren _ is mTeli, sruliadi, `yoveli~ saqarTvelos patri-
arqi iyo da amave dros kaTalikosi qarTlisa (Tumca XI sauku-
nemde `qarTli~ sruliad saqarTvelos ewodeboda).
zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan aSkarad Cans, rom sruliad
saqarTvelos patriarqi imave dros aris qarTlis kaTalikosi,
anu saqarTvelos mamamTavari aerTianebs or taxts _ qarTlis
kaTalikosisas da saqarTvelos patriarqisas. is ori taxtis
mpyrobelia. afxazeTis kaTalikossa da qarTlis kaTalikoss
Soris damokidebuleba Tu rogori saxis iyo, garkveulia mec-
nierTa mier _ ̀ mcxeTis patriarqi, afxazeTis kaTalikosisaTvis
gaxda ̀ mama~, TviT afxazeTis kaTalikosi ̀ umrwmesi~ (umcrosi)
kaTalikosi~ (b. lominaZe _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misi
avtokefalia. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1981 w., #12, gv. 97);
xSirad dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi TavianT Tavs
22
`qvemo iveriis~, anu afxazeTis kaTalikoss uwodebdnen (qarTu-
li samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 923); xolo aRmosavleT
saqarTvelosi _ ̀ zemo iveriis~ anu ̀ zemo saqarTvelos~ kaTa-
likosebs. (iqve, gv. 901); `sruliad iveriad~ anu `sruliad
saqarTvelod~ orive sakaTalikosos teritoria moixseniebo-
da.
saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg XV-XVI
saukuneebidan, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ar gamoyofia ̀ qarTul
eklesias~, rogorc wers aTeisturi epoqis zogierTi mecnieri,
piriqiT, rogorc dokumentebi aCvenebs afxazeTis kaTaliko-
sebma sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurebad-pirvelier-
arqad warmoadgines TavanTi Tavi.
qarTuli eklesiis mTlianobas adasturebs is faqtebi, rom
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobis darRvevis Semde-
gac afxazeTis kaTalikosebi eklesiis urRveobis SenarCuneb-
is mizniT TavianT Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqsa da
makurTxevels uwodebdnen. magaliTad, XVIII s-is afxazeTis kaTa-
likosi grigoli Tavis mier gamocemuli dokumentebs xels
awers ase _ ̀ grigol mwyemsi qristes mier yovlisa saqarTveloisa
kaTalikosi~ (`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, III, gv. 675);
aseve zogierTi sxva afxazeTis kaTalikosic Tavis Tavs
saqarTvelos patriarqs uwodebda XVII s-is bolosa da XVIII s-
is dasawyisSi, anu is ara mxolod afxazeTis aramed sruliad
saqarTvelos makurTxevelad Tvlida Tavis Tavs.
es faqti asaxulia ucxour wyaroebSic.
ucxouri wyaroebis Tanaxmad am epoqaSi afxazeTis kaTa-
likosi sruliad saqarTvelos (iberiis) uxuces (upirates)
pirveliararqad iTvleboda, magaliTad antioqia-ierusalimis
patriarqi dosiTeosi (XVII s.) amis Sesaxeb werda _ `iberiaSi
ori arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTali-
kosebs. qvemo iberia, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs uwodebdnen, aqvs
eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da
23
mesxeTis nawilSi. zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris qedi,
romelic kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi ewodeba,
qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iberiis kaTa-
likosze ... mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberi-
is mefeTa-mefed~ (dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi
V, gv. 510, wignidan: Ìèòðîïîëèò Ñàðäñêèé Ìàêñèì, ̀ Öåðêîâü
Ãðóçèè è åå àâòîêåôàëèÿ~ ôåîëîãèÿ, Àôèíû, 1966 ñòð. 51).
meore ierusalimeli patriarqi xrisanfi ambobs: `...saqar-
TveloSi, romelsac adre iberia erqva, iyo ori arqiepiskoposi,
romelTac Cveulebis Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs da ara ar-
qiepiskoposebs. ase maT marto qarTvelebi uwodeben. amaTgan
erTi, e.i. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, iwodeba imereTis, ose-
Tis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad,
anu martivad, sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc
ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze. xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberi-
isa, iwodeba qarTlis, kaxeTis, albaniis da sruliad zemo iberi-
is unetares kaTalikosad... romeli imperatoris dros, an romel
krebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, Cven zustad ver davadgineT,
magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, rom ioane, goTeTis
episkoposi, xeldasxmuli iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier, radga-
nac romaul qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom,
rogorc Cans, erekles Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saar-
qiepiskoposo gaxda...~ (wignidan: Ìèòðîïîëèò Ñàðäñêèé Ìàêñèì,
`Öåðêîâü Ãðóçèè è åå àâòîêåôàëèÿ~ ôåîëîãèÿ, Àôèíû, 1966
ñòð. 49).
antioqel-ierusalimeli patriarqebi erTiani saxelmwifos
danawevrebis Semdeg ewvivnen saqarTvelos, imyofebodnen afx-
azeTis sakaTalikosoSi XVII s-Si, TavianTi TvaliT naxes, Seaf-
ases da wignebis saxiT gamoaqveynes saqarTvelos eklesiis yofa
TavianT epoqaSi.
maTi aRweridan naTlad Cans, rom, rogorc ukve aRvniS-
24
neT, saqarTvelos daSlis Semdeg afxazeTis sakaTalikoso ki
ar gamoeyo qarTul eklesias, rogorc bolo dros wers zo-
gierTi istorikosi, aramed piriqiT, afxazeTis kaTalikosi
`sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad~ iwoda, anu sruliad
saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurad warmoadgina sakuTari Tavi.
es faqti afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sabuTebiTac dasturdeba.
faqti, rom saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebisas afxazeTis kaTa-
likosebi TavianT Tavs sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqebad
miiCnevdnen, am epoqis saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis ut-
yari niSania.
ismis kiTxva, ratom miiCnies afxazeTis kaTalikosebma Tavi-
si Tavi sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqad aRniSnul epoqaSo?
am kiTxis pasuxisaTvis masalas gvaZleven TviT ucxoeli pa-
triarqebi TavianT aRwerebSi. antioqiel-ierusalimeli patri-
arqebis epoqaSi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mahmadianuri sparse-
Tis saxelmwifo daepatrona da samwyso qarTl-kaxeTis mahma-
diani mefe-xanebis xelqveiTad iqca, ramac qarTlis sakaTali-
koso daaknina (wm. evdemon kaTalikoso cixis maRali koSkidan
gadmoagdes da mokles, mravali sxva kaTalikosi daapatimres
anda qveyana daatovebines), aseT kritikul dros sruliad
iberiis mrevli maT WeSmarit mefed qristian imereTis mefes
miiCnevda. patriarqi xrisanfi wers- `mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi,
maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefeTa-mefed~, Sesabamisad, ms-
gavsadve, dosiTeosis sityviT -`arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberi-
isa, iwodeba. . .sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc
ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze~.
rogorc iTqva, ucxoeli patriarqebi afxazeTis sakaTali-
kosos ̀ qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~, mis meTaurs ki ̀ sruli-
ad iberiis kaTalikoss~ uwodebdmen.
afxazeTis anu qvemo iberiis kaTalilosma saqarTvelos
(sruliad iberiis) eklesiis meTauroba im dros miiRo, rode-
25
sac qarTl-kaxeTs mahmadiani mefe-xanebi marTavdnen TiTqmis
150 wlis manZilze.
RvTis SewevniT XVIII s. 50-ian wlebSi qarTl kaxeTis taxtze
kvlav qristiani mefeebi avidnen, am momentma kvlav gaaZliera
qarTlis sakaTalikoso, man kvlav daibruna Zveli avtotite-
ti da Zveleburad kvlav iwoda saqarTvelos kaTalikosad.
es faqti saeklesio samarTlis sferomac asaxa, magaliTad
anton kaTalikosis dikasteriis (saeklesio sasamarTlos) sa-
marTalis sferoSi aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTve-
loc Sedioda (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebebi, 2003, t. III. gv. 7-9).
samarTlebrivad da admisistraciulad XVIII s-is bolos
afxazeTis kaTalikosTa taxtze mjdomi wm. dosiTeos quTaTe-
lis dros saqarTvelos eklesia erTiani iyo iseve, rogorc
yovelTvis IV s-dan.
XIX s-Si mTeli es sistema moiSala ,radganac saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis avtokefalia gaauqma ruseTis saimperatoro xelisufle-
bam.
wmida nino lazikis ganmanaTlebeli(lazikis eparqia, pitiunti)
biWvinTa, VIII saukunidan vidre XVII saukunemde, TiTqmis
aTasi wlis manZilze ̀ qvemo iberiis~ anu afxazeTis saakaTaki-
kosos sasuliero centrs warmoadgenda, aq edgaT taxti das-
vleT saqarTvelos momcvel afxazeTis sakaTalikosos meTau-
rebs, aqedan marTavdnen eparqiebsa da mrevls.
afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mudam qarTulenovani iyo, maTi
meTaurebi iyvnen qarTveli didebulebi bagrationebis, aba-
SiZeebis, CxetiZeebis, gurielebis, qvarianebis, aTabagebis, wu-
26
lukiZeebis, lorTqifaniZeebis, sayvareliZeebis, erisTavebis
da sxva qarTuli sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi. iyvnen qarTve-
li mamuliSvilebi da amayobdnen imiT, rom, rogorc TviTon
weren _ `Cven qarTvelni RvTismSoblis wilxdomilni varT~
(magaliTad, afxazeTis kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZis bi-
Wvintisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi naTqvamia- ̀ pirvelwodebul-
sa andreas moeca CrdiloeTisa qveyana moqcevad CvenebiTa wmid-
isa RvTismSobelisaTaa, rameTu Cven qarTvelni misni wilxdom-
ilni varT, (da wina) kaTalikozTa biWvintisa RvTismSobelisa-
Ta msaxureba saydrisa didad eRvawaT~ (qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi, III, gv. 727). isini amave sabuTebSi pirvelsaukuneTa IV-
V saukuneTa qarTul saxarebebs wmida wignebad miiCnevdnen,
da werdnen _ `Cveni saxarebani wmidad Targmnilia~, erTerT
sabuTSi ki maT mier gaRebul sxva mdidar SenawirebTan erTad
naxsenebia ̀ moxatuli qarTlis cxovreba~. arsebobs sxva uam-
devi aTaswlovani damadasturebeli sabuTi mrevlisa da ier-
arqebis qarTvelobisa, qarTuli eklesiis wevrobisa (mTavar-
episkoposi anania jafariZe, afxazeTi, 2001, gv. 52-55).
biWvinTasTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom arcerT
qarTul wyaroSi araa odnavi miTiTebac ki, rom odesme bi-
WvinTa berZnuli an bizantiuri eklesiis mier iyo daarsebu-
li, piriqiT, biWvinTis warsuli qarTul eklesiasTanaa dakav-
Sirebuli. wyaroTa mixedviT biWvinTa _ qarTuli eklesiis
nayofia. Sexeduleba biWvinTis warsulTan dakavSirebiT Se-
icvala, ZiriTadad, XX saukuneSi da amJamad miRebuli Sexed-
ulebiT biWvinTa aris berZnul-romauli wyaroebis pitiuntianu, igive, piTia.
miiCneva rom biWvinTeli episkoposi monawileobda I msof-
lio krebaSi 325 wels. magram sxva azrisa iyo cnobili mec-
nieri n. adonci, aseve p. ingoroyva da sxvani, maTi azriT
pitiunti mdebareobda ara afxazeTSi, aramed istoriulisaqarTvelos sxva regionSi, romelic moicavs of-aTina-rizes
olqs da lazika erqva.
27
n. adonci Tavisi azris erTerT sabuTad miiCnevs imas, rom
romaul wyaroTa cnobiT pitiuntsa da sebastopolisSi Tavisi
mudmivi sajariso nawili hyavda dabanakebuli `armeniis du-
qss~, romelic iyo ponto-mcire armeniis romauli samxedro
olqis mxedarTmTavari.
adoncis sityviT, armeniis duqsis gavlenis sferoSi ar
Sedioda dasavleT saqarTvelo da miT umetes misi Soreuli
mxare cxum-biWvinTas olqi, aq mas ar SeeZlo Tavisi sajariso
danayofis dabanakeba (mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saepisko-
posoebi lazikaSi, 2011, gv. 212).
p. ingoroyva pitiunts of-rizes regionSi aTavsebs,
amasTanave uTiTebes Zvel avtorebsa da Zvel rukebs, sadac
pitiunti trapezuntsa da Woroxs Soris zRvispirzea moT-
avsebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis samxreT sazR-
varTan. amave azrs sxva wyaroebiT adastureben axali mkvle-
varebi (g. andriaZe, ucnobi istoriuli saqarTvelo, qristian-
uli lazeTi, 2012).
qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis
Sesaxeb garkveul cnobebs iZleva wmida grigol somexTa gan-
manaTleblis arabuli Targmani, romelic VII-IX saukuneebs
miekuTvneba.
miRebuli TvalsazrisiT aRniSnul arabul xelnawerSi
ikiTxeba TiTqos wmida grigolma Tavisi episkoposebi gaagzav-
na lazeTSi, magram jer kidev 1908 wels miuTiTa cnobilma
mecnierma n. adoncim, rom man (wm. grigolma) Tavisi episko-
posi gaagzavna ara lazeTSi, aramed `arzanenaSi~, is wm. grig-
olis cxovrebas arabul xelnawerebSi kiTxulobs ara sityva
`lazeTs~, aramed ̀ arzanenas~ ase, rom lazeTi, da miT umetes
afxazeTi, ar iyo wmida grigolis samoRvaweo areali (mitro-
politi anania jafariZe, saepiskoposoebi lazikaSi, 2011, gv,
432).
piriqiT, lazeTi iyo wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali ge-
28
lasi kesarielisa da gelasi kvizikelis Tanaxmad. xolo
lazikis mitropolit germanes cnobiT iverTa ganmanaTle-
blis mir yofila daarsebuli ofis saepiskoposo kaTedra (g.
andriaZe, ucnobi istoriuli saqarTvelo, qristianuli laze-
Ti, 2012, gv, 83-93). aqve, rogorc iTqva, miuTiTeben piti-
unts kaTedris mdebareobasac. SesaZloa ofisa da pitiuntis
kaTedrebi erTi da igive iyo. da aq, anu lazeTSi, iRvawa wm.
ninom iberiaSi gamgzavrebamde, albaT 310-320-ian wlebSi.
gelasi kesarieli da gelasi kvizikeli weren rom wmida
ninom moaqcia ̀ iberebi da lazebi~. es uZvelesi IV-V ss. cnobe-
bi miuTiTeben, rom lazeTi _ wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali
iyo da ara wmida grigolisa, marTlac, xorenacis cnobiT
wmida ninom iqadaga `klarjeTidan masquTebamde~, e.i. klar-
jeT-lazeTi wmida ninos samoRvaweo areali iyo.
wmida ninos dros, vaxuSti batoniSvilis TqmiT, klarjeT-
Si Sedioda ara mxolod erTi mcire xeoba artanujis olqSi,
aramed vrceli areali, masSi taosa da sperTan erTad Sedio-
da zRvispireTi, romelsac qarTul wyaroebSi ̀ sofeli megrel-
Ta~ anu lazika ewodeba, ase, rom xorenacis cnobiTac, wmida
ninos samoRvaweo areali yofila lazika.
daarsa Tu ara wmida ninom Tavis mier moqceul lazikaSi
saepiskoposo kaTedra? swored am kiTxvas upasuxa lazikis mit-
ropolitma germanem ruseTis mefis karze XVI s-Si. am dros
ruseTSi Cavida lazikis mitropoliti germane, romelmac ga-
nacxada, rom rize-ofis regioni imTaviTve iyo qarTuli ek-
lesiis iurisdiqciis sfero, radganac es mxareebi iveriasTan
erTad gananaTla iveriis ganmanaTlebelma da man lazeTSi, ofSi
daarsa pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra.
Cans, ofis saepiskoposo centri, sadac, imxanad lazikis
mitropolits hqonda kaTedra, wmida ninos daarsebuli iyo.
Zvel dros aq iyo cnobili fasidis samitropolito cen-
tri, romelsac Semdgom VI-VII ss-Si daeqvemdebarnen ziganas,
29
rodopolisis, saisinisa da petras saepiskoposoebi.
lazika-klarjeTis am regions rTuli istoria hqonda. IV
s-Si is Sedioda qarTlis samefoSi, V s-Si miitaca bizantiam, V
s-Sive daibruna vaxtang gorgasalma, VI s-Si is isev miitaca
bizantiam Woroxis xeobasTan erTad, ris gamoc gaCaRda spar-
seT- bizantiis omebi lazikisaTvis, am omSi gaimarjva bizan-
tiam, rac dagvirgvinda VII s-Si herakle keisris sparseTSi gam-
arjvebiT. VIII s. Semdeg es mxareebi sadavo gaxda arabebsa da
bizantielebs Soris. ramac xangrZlivi arastabilurobis gamo
gamoiwvia rodopolisis, ziganas, saisinisa da petras saepisko-
poso kaTedrebis damcroba-gauqmeba. maleve am miwa-wyalze
Seiqmna bizantiuri administraciuli erTeuli ~armeniakonis~
saxelwodebiT. konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT am Tems
armeniakoni ewoda imis gamo, rom mis maxloblad cxovrobd-
nen armenielebi. am Tems maleve daubrunda Tavisi namdvili
saxeli da ewoda ̀ qaldias Temi~. is mdebareobda trapezuntis
samxreTis mTianeTSi da moicavda agreTve zemoT aRniSnul
zRvispira regionsac of-aTinas mimarTulebiT. eklesiurad
aq mdebare olqs erqva ̀ eparqia lazikaSi~, n.adoncisa da aseve
Cveni kvleviT aq mdebareobdnen zemoT aRniSnuli saepisko-
posoebi. kerZod, zigana mdebareobda trapezuntis samxreTiT
70 km manZilze, sadac amJamad aris punqti gumuSxane. iqve mde-
bareobda rodopolisis saepiskoposo kaTedra, kerZod re-
gionSi, sadac amJamad aris cnobili sumelas monasteri. adon-
cis cnobiT petras saepiskoposo kaTedra mdebareobda Teo-
dosopol-arzumsa da baiburT-paiperts Soris. xolo saisinis
saepiskoposo kaTedra ardasasa da Zvel qalaq nikopols Soris.
adoncis, ingoroyvas da aseve sxva mecnierebs miaCniaT,
rom pitiuntis saepiskoposo kaTedra IV saukuneSi mdebareob-
da of-rizes regionSi. es regioni rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT
gaaqristiana wmida ninom. Sesabamisad, pitiuntis kaTedra misi
daarsebulia. xorenacis cnobiT wmida ninom jer iqadaga klar-
jeTSi da Semdgom Sida iberiaSi. aseve gelasi kesarielis
30
cnobaSi wm. nino ixsenieba lazebis ganmanaTleblad. rogorc
iTqva, mcxeTaSi mosvlamde wm. ninos gaunaTlebia lazika VI s
10-20-ian wlebSi, am dros dauarsebia pitiuntis saepiskoposo
kaTedra, romlis episkoposma stratofilem monawileoba mi-
iRo 325 wlis I msoflio eklesiis muSaobaSi.
rogorc iTqva, Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, rogorc mTaw-midelebi, ise sxvebi, sityva `lazikas~ miiCnevdnen ucxo sityvad.
isini `lazikis~ fard qarTul Sesatyvisad miiCnevdnen sityvas:
`sofeli megrelTa~, magaliTad, andrias ̀ mimosvlis~ Targmanis dros
maT sityva lazika Targmnes, rogorc ̀ trapezunti-sofeli megrel-
Ta~, da asea kidec Sesuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTSi (andrias
`mimosvlis~ aRwerisas).
aRsaniSnavia, rom igive Sesatyvisi `sofeli megrelTa~ Se-
sulia 691 wlis trulis saeklesio krebis episkoposTa xelis
moweraSic. dedanSia- `Teodore, episkoposi fasidisa, lazikaSi~.
rac qarTvelma mTargmnelma ase gadmoiRo - `Teodore, episkoposi
fasoAsa, sofelsa Sina megrelTasa~. aseve dedanSi ewera `ioane,
episkoposi qalaq petronisa, lazikaSi~, qarTvelma mTargmnelma
gadmoiRo `ioane, episkoposi qalaqisa petronisa, qveyanasa Sina
megrelTasa~.
cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordania fiqrobda, rom fasidi
(qarTulad fasoi) foTs erqva, amitomac Tavis mier gamocemul
trulis krebis ksnonebs daurTo sakuTari komentari `fasoi-
foTsa ityvis~, sinamdvileSi ki qalaqi fasidi ufro samxreTiT
Woroxsa da trapezunts Soris mdebareobda.
maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom krebas eswrebodnen Worox-
trapezuntis regionis qalaqebis qarTveli episkoposebi, magram,
radganac es regioni, imJamad, Sedioda bizantiis imperiis Semadgen-
lobaSi, aRniSnuli episkoposebi kanonikurad konstantinopolis
eklesiis iurisdiqcias miekuTvnebodnen.
aRniSnuli lazikis saepiskoposoebi mdebareobdnen
qarTvelTa istoriul samSobloSi, kerZod, trapezuntis re-
31
gionis qaldeas TemSi. maSasadame araa marTebuli amJamad mRe-
buli Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos ̀ afxazeTis sakaTalikosom Secvala
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli lazikis
samitropolito da abazgiis saarqiepiskoposo eparqiebi~.
rogorc iTqva afxazeTis sakaTalikoso qarTuli eklesiis wiaR-
Si Rmocenda, xolo abazgiis eparqia SeecdomiT amasiis epar-
qias uwoda gviani epoqis (XVII-XVIII ss.) xelnaweris gadamwerma.
18.09.2012
32
sarCevi
saqarTvelos wmida samociqulo da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari . . . 9
b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdiloeTis sazRvari . . . . . . . . . . 11
g. aRmosavleTis sazRvari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
d. sazRvari samxreTiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
urTierTdamokidebuleba sakaTalikosoTa Soris . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
wmida nino lazikis ganmanaTlebeli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22