sarai training toolkit for rice
TRANSCRIPT
Module 1 – Weather and Climate• Understanding weather and climate
• Climate in the Philippines
• PAGASA-DOST and Common Warning Systems
• Agricultural Meteorology
VOLUME
Objectives:
Sa dulo ng talakayang ito, inaasahan na ang mga
kalahok ay:
1. Masabi ang kaibahan ng panahon at klima;
2. Makapagbanggit ng mga klase ng klima sa Pilipinas;
3. Malaman ang tungkulin ng PAGASA at ang mga
Karaniwang Babala;
4. Makapagbigay ng kahalagahan ng paggamit ng
agricultural meteorology.
?pinagpatong-patong na gas
na nakapalibot at
nagpoprotekta sa mundo
mula sa ultraviolet rays at
radiation
binubuo ng nitrogen,
oxygen, argon, carbon
dioxide, at iba pang mga
gases (hydrogen, ozone,
methane, at water vapor).
Ano angAtmospera
5 Layers ng Atmosphere
Panahon?Ano ang
resulta ng atmospheric condition sa
isang tiyak na lugar sa isang
takdang oras.
Tumutukoy ito sa kainitan, katuyuan, kalamigan,
pagkamaaraw, pagkamahangin o pagiging
maulan sa isang lugar na maaaring magbago
sa paglipas ng oras.
KlimaAno ang
?
- tumutukoy sa kalagayan
ng atmospera sa isang
partikular na lugar sa
loob ng mahabang
panahon.
- Halimbawa, maaaring
mainit at maalinsangan sa
isang rehiyon o lungsod
tuwing tag-araw at malamig
naman at basa tuwing tag-
ulan.
- Ang pagbabagong ito ay
nangyayari sampu, o
isandaan hanggang ilang
libong taon.
Climatology – ang pag-aaral
ng climatic elements at mga salik
na nakakaapekto sa klima.
Meteorology –
pag-aaral ng lagay ng
atmospera
Anu-ano
ang mga
bumubuo
sa panahon
at klima?
1. Temperatura2. Humidity/Halumigmig
3. Precipitation
4. Atmospheric Pressure
5. Hangin kung gaano kainit o
kalamig ang atmospera ng mundo.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/whatisweather/aboutweather/still_versions/temperature/temp1.shtml
Anu-ano
ang mga
bumubuo
sa panahon
at klima?
1. Temperatura
2. Humidity/Halumigmig3. Precipitation
4. Atmospheric Pressure
5. Hangin
tumutukoy sa dami ng
water vapor sa
atmospera
http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/with-this-humid-weather-50231221
Anu-ano
ang mga
bumubuo
sa panahon
at klima?
1. Temperatura
2. Humidity/Halumigmig
3. Precipitation4. Atmospheric Pressure
5. Hangin
Precipitati
on is the product of a rapid condensation process (if
this process is slow, it only causes cloudy skies)
Halimbawa: Ulan, niyebe, ulang may yelo, hamog
at ambon.
Atmospheric pressure – bigat ng
hangin sa ibabaw ng mundo.
Ang pag-aaral at pagsusuri sa mga salik na ito ay maaaring magbigay ng
batayan para sa pagtatala ng panahon at pagtukoy sa klima.
Anu-ano
ang mga
bumubuo
sa panahon
at klima?
1. Temperatura
2. Humidity/Halumigmig
3. Precipitation
4. Atmospheric Pressure
5. Hangin
Hangin – pagkilos ng hangin sa ibabaw ng
mundo.
http://www.inc.com/issie-lapowsky/drought-threatens-small-businesses.html
Bakit importanteng pag-aralan ang klima?
Ang pagbabago ng klima ay makakaapekto sa mga tao, pamayanan,
komunidad, at mga hanapbuhay.
https://speakupforthevoiceless.org/2014/03/13/climate-change-and-its-effects-on-african-wildlife-part-i/
Bakit importanteng pag-aralan ang klima?
Ang pagtaas ng pandaigdigang temperatura
ay nakapagpapataas ng lebel ng tubig
sa karagatan, nakapagpapabago ng
pattern ng precipitation at ng iba pang
kalagayan ng klima.
Ang pagbabago ng klima ay nakakapekto
din sa likas na yaman dahil sa epektong dala
nito sa kagubatan, lupa, ani mula sa
mga halaman, at suplay ng tubig.
http://politicsinn.com/survey-8-of-10-filipinos-personally-experience-impacts-of-climate-change/
na syang pinakamataas na scientific intergovernmental body
ng United Nations na nag-aaral at gumagawa ng mga reports
o tala tungkol sa …
“the scientific, technical and socio-economic information
relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the changing
climate, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and
mitigation”.
Dalawang uri ng panahon sa Pilipinas
TAG-
INIT
TAG-
ULAN
Pinakamainit na buwan ng taon ay
Marso hanggang Oktubre.
Pinakamalamig naman ay sa buwan
ng Nobyembre hanggang Pebrero.
http://www.scoopnest.com/user/hadjirieta/607773267911270400 https://www.untvweb.com/news/mga-sakit-na-mauuso-ngayong-tag-ulan-ibinabala/
Philippine Climate Map
a. Type I – Tinutukoy nito ang panahon
ng tagtuyot na mula Nobyembre
hanggang Abril habang tag-ulan sa
mga sumunod na buwan hanggang matapos
ang taon.
b. Type II – kawalan ng tag-araw
sa halos buong taon. Dito
bumubuhos ang ulan simula
Nobyembre hanggang Enero.
c. Type III - kawalan ng tag-ulan
ngunit nakakaranas ng tag-araw
mula Nobyembre hanggang Abril
d. Type IV – pagiging
maulan sa halos buong taon
Philippine Climate Map
PAG-ULANAng monsoon ay malakihang sea breezes na
nagaganap kapag ang temperatura ng lupa ay
mas mainit o mas malamig kaysa sa
temperatura ng karagatan.
Ang summer monsoon ay nagdudulot ng
mabibigat na pag-ulan sa karamihan ng
kapuluan mula Mayo hanggang
Oktubre
https://www.enca.com/south-africa/vredendal-sets-hottest-global-temperature-october
TEMPERATURA26.6 °C (79.9 °F) -karaniwang taunang
temperatura na nasusukat ng
lahat ng mga weather stations sa
Pilipinas maliban sa Baguio
City.
Ang malalamig na araw ay karaniwang nararamdaman tuwing Enero
na may lamig na 25.5 °C (77.9 °F).
Pinakamainit naman na araw ay sa buwan ng Mayo na may 28.3 °C
(82.9 °F).
Humidity/Halumigmig
Ang halumigmig sa
Pilipinas ay mataas.
Ang mataas na dami
ng moisture o
kahalumigmigan sa hangin
ang nagiging dahilan
ng lalong pag-init ng
mainit nang temperatura.
http://www.knowledgeshopatlanta.com/humidity-and-humidifier-knowledges-from-basic-to-advance/
Karaniwang umaabot sa
siyam (9) ang bagyona dumadaan at nagla-
landfall sa Pilipinas
taon-taon.
BAGYO
http://archive.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/aftermath_of_typhoon_haiyan.html
TYPHOON
HAIYAN/
YOLANDA
Pinakamalakas na
bagyong dumaan sa
Pilipinas
ANO ANG
MONSOON?
isang weather pattern
Summer Southwest
Monsoon – Habagat
Ito ay weather pattern na
karaniwang
nararamdaman tuwing
huling mga araw ng
Abril hanggang unang
mga araw ng Oktubrebawat taon.
Malakas na
hangin na
nanggagaling sa
kanluran o
timog-kanluranna syang
nagdadala ng
pag-ulan sa Asia
http://panahon.tv/infographics/habagat/
Tuyo at malamig
na hangin na
nanggagaling sa
Silangan o
Hilagang
Silangan.
Winter Northeast
Monsoon – Amihan
- Karaniwan itong nagsisimula tuwing
huling mga araw ng Setyembre at
unang mga araw ng Oktubre.
Sino ang may tungkulin na magbigay ng mga
impormasyon at serbisyo tungkol sa lagay ng panahon at
klima ng bansa?
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical
and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
pangunahing pambansang ahensya na
tungkuling magbigay ng
impormasyon ukol panahon,
hydrologic, at climate forecasts, advisories at
mga babala sa buong mamamayang Pilipino.
Pinagsasama-sama ng PAGASA ang lahat ng mga
nakolekta nilang datos upang makapagbigay ng
weather forecasts sa pamamagitang ng
telebisyon, radyo, dyaryo at sa website –
pagasa.dost.gov.ph
PAGASA
Rainfall Warnings
RAINFALL WARNING
Rainfall Advisory
Community AWARENESS
FLOODING is POSSIBLE in low-lying
areas and near river channels
Rainfall Alert
Community PREPAREDNESS
FLOODING is THREATHENING in low-
lying areas and near river channels
Rainfall Emergency
Community RESPONSE
SEVERE FLOODING is EXPECTED
Take necessary precautionary
measures
Ano ang Agricultural
Meteorology?
Pag-aaral at paggamit ng mga
datos tungkol sa panahon at
klima na makakatulong upang
mapahusay ang agrikultura at
mapataas ang produksyon.
Ang agrikultura ay nakadepende
sa meteorology dahil lahat ng mga
aktibidades sa pagsasaka ay
nakakaapekto at naaapektuhan ng
panahon.
Automatic
Weather
Station
isang aparato o instrumento na
kumukuha ng mga datos ng
panahon.
• bilis ng hangin at direksyon nito
• dami at lakas ng ulan
• pressure
• halumigmig
• temperatura
• solar radiation
• sunshine duration
• temperatura at moisture ng lupa
Mga Datos na Nakukuha ng AWS
Ano ang Automated Weather Station (AWS)?
Ang AWS ay mayroong data storage
system na kung saan maaaring
madownload o makuha ang
mga datos kahit anong oras.
Mayroon itong telemetry
system na ginagamit
upang makapagpadala
ito ng impormasyon
gamit ang
mobilephones.
Ano ang
Automated
Weather Station
(AWS)?
Agromet vs. AWS
Ang AWS ay automated na
bersyon ng agromet. Ibig
sabihin, automatic itong
nagbabasa at nagpapadala
ng mga datos na hindi
nangangailangan ng oras-oras na
pagmomonitor ng tao.
Ang mga datos na nakukuha ng AWS
ay maaaring makita sa web-based
system gamit ang internet.
Paano makakatulong
ang AWS sa mga
magsasaka?
Gamit ang mga datos na
nakuha ng AWS, makakabuo
ang mga magsasaka ng mga
istratehiya sa pagtatanim
upang mas mapataas ang
ani at maiwasan ang mga
sirang dulot ng mga pag-
ulan at tagtuyot.
Programang naglalayong
magbigay ng mga pagsasanay
sa mga extension workers at mga
magsasaka upang magkaroon sila ng
kaalaman at maintindihan ang mga
climate information.
Climate
Field School
(CFS)
Ano ang Climate Field School (CFS)?
isang makabagong paraan ng
pagtugon sa mga problema tulad ng
climate extremes na
nakakaapekto sa pagsasaka.
Ano ang Climate
Field School (CFS)?
Nagtuturo sa mga magsasaka
kung ano ang tamang halaman na
pwedeng itanim at angkop sa
lupa at klima ng lugar.
Nakakatulong din ang CFS
upang malaman nila kung
kailan dapat magtanim,
mag-ani, magpatubig at
maglagay ng mga abono.
ReferencesThe Climate Change Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved October 20, 2016, from
http://www.climate.gov.ph/
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the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin,
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IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.
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National Research Council (2011). Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and
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key-findings-poster
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Photo credits
UPLB Core SARAI Team
Dr. Ma. Victoria O. Espaldon, Program Leader/Project 5 Leader
Dr. Felino P. Lansigan, Project 1 Leader
Dr. Artemio M. Salazar, Project 2 Leader
Prof. Concepcion L. Khan, Project 3 Leader
Dr. Decibel F. Eslava, Project 4 Leader
Rice Banana Coconut
Dr. Jose E. Hernandez Dr. Edna A. Aguilar Dr. Connie Reaño
Dr. Pompe Sta. Cruz Dr. Lavern Gueco
Coffee and Cacao Perennials Water Management
Mr. Primitivo Jose A. Santos Prof. Arnold Salvacion Dr. Ronaldo B. Saludes
Prof. Bong Salazar Dr. Roger Luyun
Crop Vulnerability Land Suitability Crop Protection
Engr. Moises Dorado Prof. Vic Bato Dr. Bonifacio Cayabyab
Engr. Vicente Ballaran Mr. Melvin Ebuenga
Corn AWS
Dr. Art Salazar Prof. Nel Altoveros