SAS 2000 (c) 2.0

Tao

SAS SASSASSAS

Tao

SAS 1.1 SAS 1.2 SAS 1.3 SAS 1.4 DMS 1.5 SAS 1.6 DOS 1.7

Tao

2.1 . DATA . INPUT . SAS 2.2 . LENGTH . LABEL . FORMAT . MISSING . 2.3 . . .

Tao

2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 OUTPUT 2.9 2.10 2.11 SAS

Tao

3.1 PROC 3.2 BY 3.3 CLASS 3.4 VAR 3.5 WEIGHT 3.6 FREQ 3.7 ID 3.8 OUTPUT 3.9 TITLE

Tao

SAS 4.1 PRINT 4.2 FORMAT 4.3 STANDARD 5.1 5.2 MEANS 5.3 FREQ 5.4 TABULATE

Tao

5.5 PLOT 5.6 CHART 5.7 SAS / GRAPH 5.8 UNIVARIATE 6.1 6.2 c 2 6.3 t 6.4 NPAR1WAY

Tao

SAS 7.1 7.2 ANOVA 7.3 ANOVA . () . ()

Tao

8.1 8.2 CORR 9.1 9.2 REG SAS 5.5 PLOT 5.7 SAS/GRAPH( GPLOT )

Tao

SAS 6.12 10.1 SAS 6.12 . DOSWindows . SAS 6.12 . SAS 6.12 . SAS 6.12 10.2 SAS 6.12 . SAS 6.12 . SAS 6.12

Tao

. PGM 10.3 SAS 6.12

Tao

(computer) No Computer, No Modernization. computer

Tao

(Statistical Package) SAS SPSS BMDP EPI GLIM PEMS SPLM POMS PHS

Tao

SAS SASStatistical Analysis System SAS SASPage 1 SAS SAS 1.1 SAS

Tao

SAS SAS SAS Page 21.2 SAS SAS1. C:\>cd\sas () C:\SAS>sas

Tao

DMSOUTPUTLOGPROGAM EDITORCommand ===>Command ===>Command ===>00001000020000300004Licensed to xxxxxxSAS(Display Manager System)DMS

(PROGAM EDITOR,PGM)(LOG)(OUTPUT)

Tao

SAS2. Command ===> x SASDOSSASEXIT SASDOSDOS3. SAS PGMBYE 1.3 SAS. SAS

Tao

SASSAS Program(DATA Step)(PROC Step);()SAS. SAS 1. Page 5~6 2. SUBMIT F10 3. LOG 4. PGMRECALL F9

Tao

5. 4 Page 71.4 DMS. Command ===> keys F10 KEYS Key DescriptionF1 helpF2 keysF3 logF4 outputF5 nextF6 pgmF7 zoomF8 subtopF9 recallF10 zoom off;submitF11 F12 end ...

Command ===>. PGM 1. : 2. : Page 8 3. : I [A/B] [n] D [n] DD

Tao

C [n] CC M [n] MM . 1. : Command ===> FILE filename filename 2. : 3. : PGM Command ===> INCLUDE filename INCLUDEINC filename

Tao

. Command ===> CLEAR 1.5 SAS. (observation) (record) (data set). (variable) (field) 1. : Page 9 2. : $ name $SAS

Tao

3. x1xnx1 x2 x3 xn 4. . (constant) 1. 2. 3. . (function) 1. : ABS(x) SQRT(x) 2. : EXP(x) LOG(x) LOG10(x) 3. 4. DATE() SAS

Tao

5. MEAN(x1,x2...) STD(x1,x2...) 6. POISSON(,n) . (operator) 1. ** 2. ^= NE 3. & AND, | OR, ^ NOT . SAS(expression). 1.6 DOSX ' DOS command ' ; 1.7 SAS

Tao

2.1 . DATA DATA [] [libref .] sas-filename [ .] () () SAS SASUSER WORK WORK

Tao

INPUT. INPUT 1. INPUT variable [$] variable [$] ; input name $ age height weight ;2. INPUT variable informat ; informat() [$] informat-name [w].[d] $ informat-name w d

Tao

@@ input name $10. address $20. weight $4.1 ;2. @@ data t ; input x y @@ ; cards ; 3.16 2.9 4.8 5.7 8.24 6.58 ; proc print ; run ; . SAS

Tao

2.2 DATA [] ; INPUT ; ; CARDS ; ; . LENGTH LENGTH variable [$] w ; w length name $ 12 ;. LABEL

Tao

LABEL LABEL variable = label variable = label ... ; label data d ; input name $ sex $ h w ; label h=height w=weight ; cards ; . . . ; proc print label ; run ; proc printlabel. FORMAT FORMAT variable format ; format SAS Page 20

Tao

. MISSING MISSING value ... ; value Page 21. * ; / * ... * / . OPTIONS Page 21

Tao

2.3 . ASCII() DATA [] ; INFILE filename ; filename INPUT ; ; RUN ; data t ; infile c:\96yf\fit.dat ; input num $ name $ sex $ height weight ; proc print ; run ; INFILEINPUT

Tao

SETDBF. DATA [] ; SET ; ; RUN ; data d2 ; set d1 ; d1xy z = x + y ; proc print ; run ; d2xy z . (FoxBASE+) PROC DBF DB3 = [OPTIONS] ; FILENAME

Tao

DBF1 FILENAME filename ; filename OPTIONS DATA = SAS DBF OUT = SAS DBF Page 23 c:\96fyFoxBASE+ mark.dbf SAS filename yf c:\96yf\mark.dbf ; proc dbf db3 = yf out = abc ; run ; SAS DBF filenamemark.dbfyfSAS c:\96fy

Tao

DBF2 SASd1 student.dbf filename yf c:\96yf\student.dbf ; proc dbf db3 = yf data = d1 ; run ; SAS DBF filenamestudent.dbfyfSAS c:\96fy 2.4 . variable = SAS expression ; z = x + y ;

Tao

. 1. DROP DROP variables ; drop s1 s2 s3 ; 2. KEEP KEEP variables ; keep name num ; DATAKEEPDROP 2.5 . IF-THEN

Tao

IN-THEN IF expression THEN statement ; SASTHEN data a ; missing G ; input a b c ; if b - a then put a b c ; cards ; 23 G 23 34 54 56 23 23 65 ; (run ;)

LOG34 54 56

Tao

IF-THEN/ELSE. IF-THEN/ELSE IF expression THEN statement ; ELSE statement ; THENELSE Page 26 THENELSEIF DO - END DO-ENDIF expression THEN DO ; statements ; . . . END ; ELSE DO ; statements ; . . . END ;

Tao

DELETE. DELETE DELETE ; data b ; input num $ english test1 test2 @@ ; if english < 60 then do ; put num ; delete ; end ; total = sum(of test1 test2 english) ; cards ; 88011 100 78 90 88012 97 86 100 88013 59 68 88 ; (run ; proc print ; var num total ; run ;) 2.6

Tao

IF. IF IF expression ; () DATA data child ; input num $ sex $ month @@ ; cards ; 1001 F 8 1002 M 9 1003 F 17 1004 M 14 ; data baby ; set child ; if month < 12 ; data girls ; set child ; if sex = F ; ( run ; proc print data=baby ; proc print data=girls ; run ;) LOG88013OUTPUTSAS OBS NUM TOTAL 1 88011 268 2 88012 283

Tao

OUTPUTOUTPUTSAS 1 OBS NUM SEX MONTH 1 1001 F 8 2 1002 M 9SAS 2 OBS NUM SEX MONTH 1 1001 F 8 2 1003 F 17 2.7 DO = [ TO [ BY ] ] ; END ; data _null_ ; do i = 1 to 3 ; put i = ; end ; (run ;) LOGI=1I=2I=3babygirls

Tao

2.8 OUTPUT OUTPUT [] ; OUTPUT SAS data am ; do group = 1 to 2 ; do i = 1 to 9 ; input x @@ ; output ; end ; end ; cards ; 1.23 1.21 1.19 1.30 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.38 1.19 1.22 1.38 1.29 1.27 1.31 1.38 1.29 1.32 1.20 ; (run ;)

Tao

. LIBNAME LIBNAME libref path ; libref path SAS libname yf c:\96yf\ ; . DATA DATA libref . sas-filename ; () () 2.9

Tao

1,2 1 libname yf c:\96yf\ ; data yf . students ; infile c:\96fy\fit.dat ; input num $ name $ sex $ h w ; run ;

2 libname yf c:\96yf\ ad a: ; data yf . stud ; set ad . students ; age = age + 1 ; run ; 2.10 SORT

Tao

PROC SORT [options] ; BY [descending] variables ; options DATA = OUT = BY descending Page 32 2.11 . SET

Tao

DATA sas-data-set ; SET sas-data-sets ; RUN ; data c ; set a b ; run ; . MERGE DATA sas-data-set ; MERGE sas-data-sets ; BY by-variables ; RUN ; by-variables by-variables data d ; merge a b ; by idnum ; run ;ASASBAABBSAS

Tao

SAS 3.1 PROC PROC sas-proc-name [options] ; proc print label data=a ; (run ;) BY [ descending ] variables [ notsorted ] ; libname yf c:\96y\ ; data a ; set yf . students ; proc sort data = a out = yf . sortstud ; by sex descending h ; proc print ; by sex ; (run ;) 3.2 BYPROCBY

Tao

3.3 CLASS CLASS variables ; CLASS BYSORT 3.4 VAR VAR variables ; 3.5 WEIGHT WEIGHT variable ; CLASS,VARWEIGHT

Tao

3.6 FREQ FREQ variable ; 3.7 ID ID variables ; OBS 3.8 OUTPUT OUTPUT OUT = [ = variable ] ; SAS FREQ,IDOUTPUT

Tao

libname yf c:\96y\ ; proc means data = yf . students n mean sum ; var h w ; output out = yyy mean = mh mw std = sh ; proc print data = yyy ; ( run ; ) OUTPUTN Obs Variable N SUM Mean 10 H 10 16.6500000 1.6650000 W 10 596.2000000 59.6200000 MEANS OBS _TYPE_ _FREQ_ MH MW SH 1 0 10 1.665 59.62 0.096753 YYYOUTPUT

Tao

3.9 TITLE TITLEn ; SASn TITLE TITLEn TITLE SAS 4.1 PRINT

Tao

PRINT PROC PRINT [options] ; VAR variables ; ID variables ; BY variables ; SUM variables ; options DATA = LABEL SUM Page 41 ~ 42 SASPRINTOUTPUT 4.2 FORMAT

Tao

FORMAT PROC FORMAT [options] ; VALUE [$] format-name range1 = label ... ; options LIBRARY = libref libref VALUE rangeLOWHIGH OTHER proc format ; value hfmt low - < 1.69 = L 1.69 - < 1.75 = M other = H ; libname ap a: ; data lmh ; set ap . students ; if sex = M ; format h hfmt. ; ( run ; ) FORMAT

Tao

4.3 STANDARD ( 5.1 SAS:N NMISS MIN MAX RANGE SUM MEAN VAR STD STDERR CV SKEWNESS MEDIAN KURTOSIS MODE

Tao

MEANS PROC MEANS [ DATA = MAXDEC = < n > NOPRINT [ statistic-list ] ] ; [ VAR variables ; BY variables ; CLASS variables ; FREQ variable ; WEIGHT variable ; ID variables ; OUTPUT OUT= < statistic = variable > ; ] MAXDEC = n (0~8)2 NOPRINT 5.2 MEANS

Tao

1,2 1 libname ap a: ; proc means maxdec = 3 data = ap . students ; var h w ; class sex ; title CLASS ; proc sort ; by sex ; proc means mean std cv range ; by sex ; var h w ; title BY ; ( run ; ) Page 50 ~ 51 2 libname yf c:\96yf ; proc means data = ap . students noprint ; var h ; output out = b mean = m std = s n = num ; data cal ; set b ; BY SORT CLASS

Tao

3 t = tinv ( 0.975, num - 1) ; in = t * s / sqrt (num) ; mml = m - in ; mmh = m + in ; proc print ; ( run ; ) OBS _TYPE_ _FREQ_ M S NUM T IN MML MMH 1 0 10 1.665 0.096753 10 2.26212 0.069213 1.59579 1.73421OUTPUT tinv t 0.975 = 1- /2 num - 1 340

Tao

Sheet1

1:411:647

1:851:12810

1:1661:2564

1:3221:5125

Sheet2

Sheet3

3 data a ; input f x @@ ; y = log10(x) ; cards ; 1 4 5 8 6 16 2 32 7 64 10 128 4 256 5 512 proc means noprint ; var y ; freq f ; output out = b mean = my ; data c ; file print ; set b ; mx = 10 ** my ; put my = mx = ; ( run ; ) OUTPUT SASMY=1.806179974 MX=64 file printput OUTPUT

Tao

FREQ x ( ()x * y ( n x * y * z * ... ( PROC FREQ [ DATA = ORDER = FREQ | DATA | INTERNAL | FORMATTED ] ; [ TABLES requests [ / options ] ; WEIGHT variable ; BY variables ; ] request * TABLESoptions CHISQ c 2 test 22Fish 5.3 FREQ

Tao

EXACT 22Fish EXPECTED MISSPRINT NOPERCENT NOROW NOCOL NOCUM NOPRINT 10130~49(mmol/L)4.77 3.37 6.14 3.95 3.56 4.23 4.31 4.71 5.69 4.124.56 4.37 5.39 6.30 5.21 7.22 5.54 3.93 5.21 6.515.18 5.77 4.79 5.12 5.20 5.10 4.70 4.74 3.50 4.694.38 4.89 6.25 5.32 4.50 4.63 3.61 4.44 4.43 4.254.03 5.85 4.09 3.35 4.08 4.79 5.30 4.97 3.18 3.975.16 5.10 5.86 4.79 5.34 4.24 4.32 4.77 6.36 6.384.88 5.55 3.04 4.55 3.35 4.87 4.17 5.85 5.16 5.094.52 4.38 4.31 4.58 5.72 6.55 4.76 4.61 4.17 4.034.47 3.40 3.91 2.70 4.60 4.09 5.96 5.48 4.40 4.555.38 3.89 4.60 4.47 3.64 4.34 5.18 6.14 3.24 4.90 3.05c:\96yfxqzdgc.dat()

Tao

data a ; infile c:\96yf\xqzdgc.dat ; input x @@ ; proc means noprint ; var x ; output out=b max=m1 min=m2 ; data c ; file print ; set b ; r = m1 - m2 ; i = r/10 ; put i= ; run ; data d ; set a ; x = 0.4*int(x/0.4) ; proc freq ; tables x ; run ; 0.4MEANSOUTPUT int(x)x

Tao

OUTPUT

I=0.452

Cumulative Cumulative X Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ------------------------------------------------- 2.4 1 1.0 1 1.0 2.8 3 3.0 4 4.0 3.2 7 6.9 11 10.9 3.6 7 6.9 18 17.8 4 18 17.8 36 35.6 4.4 25 24.8 61 60.4 4.8 13 12.9 74 73.3 5.2 11 10.9 85 84.2 5.6 7 6.9 92 91.1 6 6 5.9 98 97.0 6.4 2 2.0 100 99.0 7.2 1 1.0 101 100.0

Tao

TABULATE 5.4 TABULATE TABULATE Page 55 ~ 59 5.5 PLOT ( 5.6 CHART CHARTCHART CHART

Tao

CHART PROC CHART [options] ; BY variables ; VBAR variables [/ options] ; HBAR variables [/ options] ; BLOCK variables [/ options] ; PIE variables [/ options] ; STAR variables [/ options] ;

VBAR HBAR

Tao

TYPE = statistic FREQ PCT CFREQ CPCT (employee.dat) (P)(AP)(L)(M,F)

Tao

Sheet1

(Name)(Sex)(Title)(Age)

ZhouliMP50

YukeFAP48

LipingFAP47

LiulingML37

WangfangFL28

LeimingMAP32

FangjinML26

LiumingMAP36

Sheet2

Sheet3

1 libname yf c:\96yf ; data yf . emp ; infile c:\96fy\employee.dat ; input name $ sex $ title $ age ; proc chart data = yf . emp ; hbar sex ; vbar sex ; ( run ; ) OUTPUT FREQUENCY OF SEX

SEX CUM CUM FREQ FREQ PERCENT PERCENT | F |*************** 3 3 37.50 37.50 | M |************************* 5 8 62.50 100.00 -----+----+----+----+----+ 1 2 3 4 5 FREQUENCY

Tao

2OUTPUT FREQUENCY OF SEX FREQUENCY

5 + ***** | ***** 4 + ***** | ***** 3 + ***** ***** | ***** ***** 2 + ***** ***** | ***** ***** 1 + ***** ***** | ***** ***** -------------------------------- F M SEX 5.7 SAS / GRAPH ( 5.8 UNIVARIATE UNIVARIATEMEANS FREQ

Tao

UNIVARIATE PROC UNIVARIATE [ options ] ; VAR variables ; BY variables ; FREQ variable ; WEIGHT variable ; ID variables ; OUTPUT OUT= statistic = variable ; options PLOT NORMAL OUTPUTSAS MEDIAN

Tao

P1 (P5, P10, P90, P95, P99) 1 ( n ) NORMAL PCTLPTS= PCTLNAME= PCTLPRE= blood options ps = 50 ; libname yf c:\96yf ; data yf . blood ; input number $ phosphrs glucose @@ ; cards ; 01 4.1 136 02 4.6 98 03 3.6 85 04 2.7 90 05 4.5 160

Tao

1 ; proc univariate data = yf . blood normal plot ; var phosphrs ; ( run ; ) OUTPUT UNIVARIATE PROCEDUREVariable=PHOSPHRS Moments

N 48 Sum Wgts 48 Mean 3.86875 Sum 185.7 Std Dev 0.618563 Variance 0.38262 Skewness -0.09302 Kurtosis 0.001827 USS 736.41 CSS 17.98313 CV 15.98869 Std Mean 0.089282 T:Mean=0 43.33189 Prob>|T| 0.0001 Sgn Rank 588 Prob>|S| 0.0001 Num ^= 0 48 W:Normal 0.987605 Prob 0.05

Tao

2OUTPUT Extremes Lowest Obs Highest Obs 2.4( 39) 4.6( 2) 2.7( 7) 4.6( 22) 2.7( 4) 4.9( 25) 3( 33) 5.1( 30) 3( 6) 5.3( 21)Variable=PHOSPHRS Stem Leaf # Boxplot 52 0 1 | 50 0 1 | 48 0 1 | 46 00 2 | 44 000000 6 | 42 0000 4 +-----+ 40 00000000 8 | | 38 0000 4 *--+--* 36 000000 6 | | 34 00000 5 +-----+ 32 00000 5 | 30 00 2 | 28 | 26 00 2 | 24 0 1 | ----+----+----+----+ Multiply Stem.Leaf by 10**-1 Normal Probability Plot 5.3+ *++ | *+++ | *++ | +**+ | ***+* | **++ | ***+* 3.9+ **++ | **** | ***+ | ***+* | **++ | +++ | ++* * 2.5+ +*+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ -2 -1 0 +1 +2+ *

Tao

B12 6.1 6.2 c 2 RCFREQOUPUT FREQWEIGHT FREQTABLES R * C c 2 FREQTABLESCHISQ

Tao

Sheet1

5219

393

Sheet2

Sheet3

data abc ; do r = 1 to 2 ; do c = 1 to 2 ; input f @@ ; output ; end ; end ; cards ; 52 19 39 3 ; proc freq ; weight f ; tables r * c / chisq expected nopercent nocol ; run ;

Tao

SAS TABLE OF R BY C

R C

Frequency| Expected | Row Pct | 1| 2| Total ---------+--------+--------+ 1 | 52 | 19 | 71 | 57.177 | 13.823 | | 73.24 | 26.76 | ---------+--------+--------+ 2 | 39 | 3 | 42 | 33.823 | 8.177 | | 92.86 | 7.14 | ---------+--------+--------+ Total 91 22 113

OUTPUT1

Tao

STATISTICS FOR TABLE OF R BY C

Statistic DF Value Prob ------------------------------------------------------ Chi-Square 1 6.478 0.011 Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 1 7.310 0.007 Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 5.287 0.021 Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 6.420 0.011 Fisher's Exact Test (Left) 8.26E-03 (Right) 0.999 (2-Tail) 1.32E-02 Phi Coefficient -0.239 Contingency Coefficient 0.233 Cramer's V -0.239

Sample Size = 113

OUTPUTc 2 testFisher2

Tao

t 6.3 t . ( )() t ( d = X - )

SASMEANS t MEANS T PRT MEANSt 50010504498 496487509476482510469472 data test1 ; input x @@ ; x = x - 500 ; cards ; 504 498 496 487 509 476 482 510 469 472

Tao

; proc means t prt ; ( run ; ) OUTPUT Analysis Variable : X

N Obs T Prob>|T| ----------------------------- 10 -2.0128409 0.0750 -----------------------------. t ( d = X - Y )

SASMEANS t MEANS T PRT MEANSt t

Tao

EAEAA data test2 ; input x y @@ ; d = x - y ; cards ; 3550245020002400300018003950 3200 3800 3250375027003450250030501750 ; proc means mean std stderr t prt ; var d ; ( run ; )

Tao

Sheet1

12345678

35502000300039503800375034503050

VE24502400180032003250270025001750

Sheet2

Sheet3

OUTPUT Analysis Variable : D N Obs Mean Std Dev Std Error T Prob>|T| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 812.5000000 546.2534733 193.1297676 4.2070159 0.0040 -----------------------------------------------------------------------. t 1.

2.

SASSTATTTEST(F)t

Tao

t p PROC TTEST [options] ; CLASS variable ; VAR variables ; BY variables ; CLASS 1113(mg%) libname yf c:\96yf\ ; data yf.ex633 ; do a = 1 to 2 ;TTEST

Tao

Sheet1

2.603.243.733.734.324.735.185.585.786.406.53

1.671.981.982.332.342.503.603.734.144.174.574.825.78

Sheet2

Sheet3

input n ; do b = 1 to n ; input x @@ ; output ; end ; end ; drop b ; cards ; 11 2.60 3.24 3.73 3.73 4.32 4.73 5.18 5.58 5.78 6.40 6.53 13 1.67 1.98 1.98 2.33 2.34 2.50 3.60 3.73 4.14 4.17 4.57 4.82 5.78 ; proc ttest ; class a ; var x ; (run ;) OUTPUT TTEST PROCEDUREVariable: XA N Mean Std Dev Std Error Minimum Maximum--------------------------------------------------------------------------1 11 4.71090909 1.30297701 0.39286235 2.60000000 6.530000002 13 3.35461538 1.30436840 0.36176670 1.67000000 5.78000000

Variances T DF Prob>|T|---------------------------------------Unequal 2.5396 21.4 0.0189Equal 2.5394 22.0 0.0187For H0: Variances are equal, F' = 1.00 DF = (12,10) Prob>F' = 1.0000 P>0.05,

Tao

6.4 NPAR1WAY NPAR1WAY PROC NPAR1WAY [ options ] ; CLASS variable ; VAR variables ; BY variables ; options WILCOXON Wilcoxon Kruskal-Wallis(H) CLASS libname yf c:\96yf\ ; proc npar1way wilcoxon data = yf . ex633 ; class a ; var x ; (run ;) NPAR1WAY

Tao

OUTPUT N P A R 1 W A Y P R O C E D U R E Wilcoxon Scores (Rank Sums) for Variable X Classified by Variable A Sum of Expected Std Dev Mean A N Scores Under H0 Under H0 Score 1 11 176.500000 137.500000 17.2377346 16.0454545 2 13 123.500000 162.500000 17.2377346 9.5000000 Average Scores were used for Ties Wilcoxon 2-Sample Test (Normal Approximation) (with Continuity Correction of .5) S= 176.500 Z= 2.23347 Prob > |Z| = 0.0255 T-Test approx. Significance = 0.0355

Kruskal-Wallis Test (Chi-Square Approximation) CHISQ= 5.1188 DF= 1 Prob > CHISQ= 0.0237P F

Model 3 8.43376000 2.81125333 11.16 0.0003

Error 16 4.02916000 0.25182250

Corrected Total 19 12.46292000

R-Square C.V. Root MSE X Mean

0.676708 16.90765 0.501819 2.96800000

Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F

A 3 8.43376000 2.81125333 11.16 0.00031 2 3 4

Tao

2 CLASS MODEL . () 8045 90 135

Tao

Sheet1

FP

38.433760002.8112533311.160.0003

164.029160000.25182250

1912.46292000

Sheet2

Sheet3

c:\96fy\ex732.dat () data anova2 ; infile c:\96yf\ex732.dat ; do b = 1 to 8 ; do a = 1 to 4 ; input x @@ ; output ; end ; end ; proc anova ; class a b ; model x = a b ; means a ; ( run ; )

Tao

0

45

90

135

0

45

90

135

1

5.27

5.27

4.49

4.61

5

5.66

5.44

5.38

4.88

2

5.27

5.22

4.88

4.66

6

6.22

6.22

5.61

5.22

3

5.88

5.83

5.38

5.00

7

5.83

5.72

5.38

4.88

4

5.44

5.38

5.27

5.00

8

5.27

5.11

5.00

4.44

1 OUTPUT Analysis of Variance Procedure Class Level Information

Class Levels Values

A 4 1 2 3 4 B 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Number of observations in data set = 32Dependent Variable: X Sum of MeanSource DF Squares Square F Value Pr > FModel 10 5.40237500 0.54023750 43.14 0.0001Error 21 0.26297500 0.01252262Corrected Total 31 5.66535000

R-Square C.V. Root MSE X Mean 0.953582 2.111904 0.111905 5.29875000

Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F Value Pr > FA 3 2.90437500 0.96812500 77.31 0.0001B 7 2.49800000 0.35685714 28.50 0.0001

Analysis of Variance Procedure

Level of --------------X-------------- A N Mean SD 1 8 5.60500000 0.35282533 2 8 5.52375000 0.37274800 3 8 5.23000000 0.25994505 4 8 4.83625000 0.251846751 - 0 2 - 45 3 - 90 4 - 135

Tao

A()( F = 77.31 P = 0.0001 0.05 * - P < 0.05*****2

Tao

CLASS MODEL 8.1 1. Pearson SASCORR

Tao

2. Spearman SASCORR 8.2 CORR PROC CORR [options] ; VAR variables ; WITH variables ; PARTIAL variables ; WEIGHT variable ; BY variables ;

Tao

CORR options PEARSON Pearson SPEARMAN Spearman NOMISS NOSIMPLE PARTIAL1. 10x1(kg) x2(cm) x3(cm)y(ml)

Tao

c:\96fy\corr.dat ()

Tao

Sheet1

X1X2X3Y

35600.71600

40742.52600

40642.02100

42713.02650

37721.12400

45681.52200

43784.32750

37662.01600

44703.22750

42653.02500

Sheet2

Sheet3

1 libname yf c:\96yf ; data yf . corr ; infile c:\96fy\corr.dat ; input x1 - x3 y ; proc corr nosimple ; proc corr nosimple ; partial x1; ( run ; ) OUTPUT CORRELATION ANALYSIS 4 'VAR' Variables: X1 X2 X3 Y Pearson Correlation Coefficients / Prob > |R| under Ho: Rho=0 / N = 10 X1 X2 X3 Y X1 1.00000 0.43195 0.64093 0.69454 0.0 0.2125 0.0458 0.0258

X2 0.43195 1.00000 0.62927 0.76165 0.2125 0.0 0.0513 0.0105

X3 0.64093 0.62927 1.00000 0.72882 0.0458 0.0513 0.0 0.0168

Y 0.69454 0.76165 0.72882 1.00000 0.0258 0.0105 0.0168 0.0X1-YX2-YX3-YP = P = P =

Tao

2OUTPUT CORRVARWITH CORRELATION ANALYSIS 1 'PARTIAL' Variables: X1 3 'VAR' Variables: X2 X3 YPearson Partial Correlation Coefficients / Prob > |R| under Ho: Partial Rho=0/ N = 10 X2 X3 Y

X2 1.00000 0.50906 0.71146 0.0 0.1616 0.0316

X3 0.50906 1.00000 0.51366 0.1616 0.0 0.1572

Y 0.71146 0.51366 1.00000 0.0316 0.1572 0.0X2-YX3-YP = P =

Tao

2. 10(1/10)(10)

Tao

Sheet1

(1/10)

XY

0.7121.53

1.0218.92

1.7314.41

3.7446.57

4.0527.34

5.1664.69

5.5746.36

5.7834.25

5.9977.610

10.01055.18

Sheet2

Sheet3

data rankcorr ; input x y @@ ; cards ; 0.7 21.5 1.0 18.9 1.7 14.4 3.7 46.5 4.0 27.3 5.1 64.6 5.5 46.3 5.7 34.2 5.9 77.6 10.0 55.1 ; proc corr nosimple spearman ; ( run ; ) OUTPUT CORRELATION ANALYSIS 2 'VAR' Variables: X Y Spearman Correlation Coefficients / Prob > |R| under Ho: Rho=0 / N = 10

X Y

X 1.00000 0.74545 0.0 0.0133

Y 0.74545 1.00000 0.0133 0.0rsP =

Tao

REG PROC REG [ options ] ; VAR variables ; BY variables ; FREQ variable ; WEIGHT variable ; MODEL = [ options ] ; OUTPUT OUT= [ statistic = variable , ] ; MODELVAR 9.1 SASREG 9.2 REG

Tao

1. PROC REG OUTEST = SAS-data-set 2. MODEL CORRB CLM ( 95%) CLI Y (Y95%) ()()

Tao

Sheet1

12345678910

()X820780720867690787934679639820

()Y165158130180134167186145120158

Sheet2

Sheet3

data reg1 ; input x y @@ ; cards ; 820 165 780 158 720 130 867 180 690 134 787 167 934 186 679 145 639 120 820 158 ; proc reg ; model y = x ; (run ;) Model: MODEL1Dependent Variable: Y Analysis of Variance Sum of Mean Source DF Squares Square F Value Prob>F Model 1 3737.41063 3737.41063 60.197 0.0001 Error 8 496.68937 62.08617 C Total 9 4234.10000

Root MSE 7.87948 R-square 0.8827 Dep Mean 154.30000 Adj R-sq 0.8680 C.V. 5.10660 Parameter Estimates Parameter Standard T for H0: Variable DF Estimate Error Parameter=0 Prob > |T| INTERCEP 1 -17.357456 22.26443147 -0.780 0.4581 X 1 0.221894 0.02859949 7.759 0.0001b a b

Tao

PLOTGPLOT a = -17.357456, b = 0.221894 Y = -17.357456 + 0.221894 X b t = 7.759, P < 0.0001 SAS 5.5 PLOT 5.7 SAS/GRAPH PLOTGPLOT. PLOTSAS BASE GPLOTSASGRAPH

Tao

. PLOTPROC PLOT [ options ] ; PLOT y * x / options ; GPLOTPROC GPLOT [ options ] ; PLOT y * x [ = n ] / options ; [ SYMBOLn options ; ] y x 1. PLOTPLOTA B,C PLOT y * x = * ; Page 60

Tao

1 2. GPLOTPLOT+ SYMBOL n yx n SYMBOL(SYMBOLn) SYMBOLGPLOT Page 71 PLOTPage 70 19.2 PLOTGPLOT ()X()Y data sdt ; input x y @@ ; cards ; 820 165 780 158 720 130 867 180 690 134 787 167 934 186 679 145 639 120 820 158 ; proc plot ; plot y * x = * / vaxis = 110 to 200 by 5 ;

Tao

proc gplot ; plot y * x ; symbol v = dot c = blue ; ( run ; ) 1OUTPUT Plot of Y*X. Symbol used is '*'. Y200 +195 +190 +185 + *180 + *175 +170 +165 + * *160 + * *155 +150 +145 + *140 +135 + *130 + *125 +120 + *115 +110 + --+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 X

Tao

2 PLOTGPLOT

Tao

2Y = SIN(X*3.14159/180) Z = 2*X/180 - 2 PLOTGPLOT * A options ps = 25 ls = 78 ; goptions device = win ; symbol1 i = spline v = none c = red ; symbol2 i = join v = none c = blue ; data fgt ; do x = 0 to 360 by 30 ; y = sin(x*3.14159/180) ; z = 2*x/180-2 ; output ; end ; proc plot ; plot y * x z * x = * /overlay vaxis = -2 to 2 by 0.2 ; proc gplot ; plot y * x = 1 z * x = 2 /overlay vaxis = -2 to 2 by 0.2 ; ( run ; )2

Tao

OUTPUT PLOT Plot of Y*X. Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc. Plot of Z*X. Symbol used is '*'. Y 2 + * 1.8 + 1.6 + * 1.4 + * 1.2 + 1 + A * 0.8 + A A 0.6 + A * 0.4 + A * 0.2 +-2.77556E-16 + A A A -0.2 + -0.4 + * A -0.6 + * A -0.8 + A A -1 + * A -1.2 + -1.4 + * -1.6 + * -1.8 + -2 + * --+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-- 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

XNOTE: 1 obs hidden.1

Tao

GPLOT2

Tao

GPLOT GOPTIONS GOPTIONS DEVICE = ; win PLOT ps = 25 ls = 78 options ps = 25 ls = 78 ; ps PAGESIZE SAS ls LINESIZE (LOG)(OUTPUT)

Tao

. ( )( )( .) . SASFREQ proc freq ; tables x / nopercent nocum ;

proc freq ; tables r * c / nopercent nocol norow; 1

Tao

. UNIVARIATEPCTLPREPRINT . SASPGMOUTPUTLOG Command ===> right Command ===> left Command ===> top . SAS2

Tao

. SASF1end . SASxy SASBY CLASSFREQTABLES xFORMATBYx . . . . . . proc sort ; by x ; proc means ; by x ; var y ; . . . . . . 3

Tao

. . . . . . proc means ; class x ; var y ; . . . . . . . . . . . . proc freq ; tables x * y ; . . . . . . . . SAS4

Tao

SAS. DOSWindows SASDOS( SAS 6.036.04)Windows(SAS 6.08 6.11 6.12) SAS ( t )SAS WindowsDOS SAS 6.12 10.1 SAS 6.12

Tao

SAS6.121 32SAS () . SAS 6.12 SAS 6.12SAS1996 Windows 3.1 Windows 95 Windows NT OS/2 SAS 6.12PC8MB CPU Intel 80386()

Tao

SAS6.12 2 Windows32(Win32s) SAS 6.1232MB540MBPentium CPUPCWindows 95 SAS 6.12/(Import/Export Wizard) SAS(DBF)SAS SAS 6.12SAS InternetHTMLWebSAS UNIXWeb SAS 6.12VIEWTABLE

Tao

SAS6.12 SAS SAS 6.12 . SAS 6.12 SAS 6.12 (1) OUTPUT GRAPHSAS/GRAPH PGM numsEditOptionsNumbers (1)

Tao

. SAS 6.121. Windows (2)2.

Command linesubmitnewopenundosaveprint PrintpreviewcutcopypasteSAS6.121

Tao

3. DOS promptBrowseLibrariesSAS/ASSISTHelpSAS6.122

Tao

10.2 SAS 6.12. SAS 6.12 1. SAS 6.12SAS 6.12

SAS 6.12SAS 6.12(3) 2. SAS 6.12FileExit byeSAS

Tao

. SAS 6.12 SAS 6.03F10submit . PGM Windows (cut)(copy)(paste)End Home SAS 6.03SAS 6.12 PGM

Tao

10.3 SAS 6.12 SAS SAS 6.12DBF SAS/ACCESS SAS 6.12() (SAS/AF) (Opitons)

Tao

1.SAS1996 2. 1993 3.SAS1996 4. SAS1993 5.SAS/STAT Users GuideVersion 6 Fourth Edition, SAS Institute Inc. 6.SAS LanguageReference Version 6 First Edition, SAS Institute Inc. 7.SAS Procedures GuideVersion 6 Third Edition, SAS Institute Inc.

Tao

1 1PGMLOG

Tao

2 2AltF10

Tao

33

Tao

SASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSASSAS