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SAT 备考：6月 SAT 考试阅读真题机经

Passage (阅读文章)(1) 2015.01

1. Mars （火星）文章题目及参考答案

1. 主旨题 To ridicule/emphasize the absurdity of atask

2. What is theauthor’s attitude when he said ruin…?

Cautionary （有学生选择“劝诫的“）

3. Did any of youguys put "analyze and critique of theproposal" or "expressing concernregarding to a common practice"

多名学生选择"analyze and critique of the

proposal"（分析并批判了这个提议）

4. Did the authorsaid something about rabbit to dowhat?

To support previous statement orto clarify a previous ambiguity

多名学生选择”to support previous

statement“（支持前一观点）

5. About “36million tons”?

Absurdity or exaggerate scope

有学生选择“absurdity“（荒谬言行）

6. For the readingquestion about rabbits taking overAustralia, was the answer "worst casescenario" or "clarifying an ambiguity"?

It was worst case scenario.（最糟糕的案例）Because he was like rabbits could overrunthe country. BUT the environment would

eventually recover.

7. How about theone about the astronauts? "Travellersare eager to come home" or "the harshconditions"?

travellers are eager to come home（宇航员

想回家）

8. That was acritical reading passage quotationabout how Mars's barren landscape iscomparable to a politician's promises.

No answer

参考阅读原文

One day, perhaps, brave astronauts will set forth to colonize the planet Mars. Howeverhuman colonies can't be sterilized in the way a rover can be, so they may conflict with thedesires of astrobiologists to keep Mars biologically pristine. Would be colonists can findthis hard to understand. What is so special about an apparently lifeless or almost lifeless



planet?

To understand why many scientists value a pristine Mars so much, we need to look into itsgeological history.

It seems likely that Mars had extensive oceans during its earliest Noachian period, whichlasted for a few hundred million years. Its oceans almost certainly contained manyorganics from comets just as for Earth. All this suggests that for several hundred millionyears, Mars was a near twin of Earth.

What if we find independently originated life on Mars, or amazingly interesting evidence ofearly stages that almost reached life but not quite? Should we leave the planet pristine toavoid contaminating it?

I would say why not? Let's go all the way to Mars, and set up colonies in orbit around theplanet, but never set foot on it at all, to avoid contaminating it.

It is a bit like mountains that are left unclimbed out of respect for the mountain or localbeliefs. Not too many of those but the mountains in Bhutan over 6000m are unclimbed.

This would be a future where you have agile rovers on the surface. and increasinglysophisticated humanoid avatars on the surface as well, directed and teleoperated bycolonists in orbital colonies.

It is a future where the Martian past and present turn out to be amazingly interesting, somuch so, that humans never land on the surface in person, in their physical bodies, topreserve a biologically pristine Mars.

I, for one, would find that an inspiring future to live in.

Since their introduction from Europe in the 19th century, the effect of rabbits on theecology of Australia has been devastating. They are suspected of being the mostsignificant known factor in species loss in Australia.[citation needed] The extent of plantspecies' loss is unknown at this time though it is known that rabbits often kill young treesin orchards, forests, and on properties by ringbarking them.[6]

Rabbits are also responsible for serious erosion problems, as they eat native plants,leaving the topsoil exposed and vulnerable to sheet, gully, and wind erosion. The removalof this topsoil is devastating to the land, as it takes many hundreds of years to regenerate.

2. 短文章（super-organism about ant）超个体（指群居昆虫群体）

1. What was thepurpose of the passage? Application of

有学生选择”application of scientific“（科学应

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AncientMars.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noachian

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringbarking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbits_in_Australia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoil



scientific field or challenging the valueof a biological model

用）

2. What does“invite” most nearly means?

有学生选择”prompt“

参考阅读原文

Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson walks with focused wonder. He has spent 79 yearsexploring the insect world and has perfected the craft of spotting the tiny creatures. Antsare his specialty.On a recent stroll through the woods at Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C., he scansfor favorable insect dwellings: decaying tree stumps and fallen logs. It's too cold to dig forants today, so Wilson sticks to the path and fixes and his gaze 15 feet in front of him. Hecan spot anything that creeps and crawls within this perimeter.Wilson recalls having roamed these woods with a homemade butterfly net when he was 9.He and his parents moved to the area from Alabama, where he had communed withsnakes in swamps. In Washington, he found new creatures and spent much time at theNational Zoo.He recently paid another visit to the zoo to watch the resident colony of leafcutter ants.Wilson peers into one of the bustling ant tanks and says, "A colony like this one is themost complicated social system outside humanity."The ants' social behavior has fascinated Wilson and fellow biologist Bert Holldobler fordecades. In their new book, The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangenessof Insect Societies, they devote an entire chapter to leafcutter ants.Leafcutters are gardeners, growing white fungus farms on the leaves they harvest. It cantake more than a million ants to support the queen, and every member of the colony has ajob to do. Some harvest the leaves, some tend the "garden" and others protect it frominvaders.The ants have an extremely high division of labor. This is a trait shared by allsuperorganisms, which consist of many individuals working within a self-sustaining socialunit. The leafcutter work force is all-female; males are born once a year, live short livesand function primarily as "a sperm-guided missile," Wilson explains. Some femaleleafcutters have the potential to reproduce, become a queen and start a new colony, butmany do not. Workers who remain help care for the queen's eggs and offspring.This altruism, part of what defines a superorganism, is what helps the colony survive.Species that form superorganism colonies are highly successful. Yet Wilson estimatesthat only about two dozen of these highly social groups have been identified.Wilson says this raises fundamental questions for biologists. "If social living is successful,"he says, "why is it so rare? And why do groups arise in the first place?"

3. 短对比（organic food’s environmental impact）（有机物对环境的影响）



1. What issomething both passages would agreewith?

exhortation （劝说）：文章 1认为人们应该

关注 food mile（食物里程）；文章 2认为聪

明的人还应该关注食物如何运输。

2. Was itmeasured or partisan

Measured （客观而不是主观偏见的）

3. A. sth aboutfood-supply operations

B. organically grown

D. giving up choices for betterquality

E. people need to be aware offood-supply operation

No answer

参考阅读原文

Organic fruit and vegetables may be healthier for the dinner table, but not necessarily forthe environment, a University of Alberta study shows.

The study, conducted by a team of student researchers in the Department of RuralEconomy at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, showed that the greenhousegas emitted when the produce is transported from great distances mitigates theenvironmental benefits of growing the food organically.

"If you're buying 'green', you should consider the distance the food travels. If it's travellingfurther, then some of the benefits of organic crops are cancelled out by extraenvironmental costs," said researcher Vicki Burtt.

Burtt and her fellow researchers compared the cost of 'food miles' between organic andconventionally grown produce, and found that there was little difference in the cost to theenvironment.

Food miles are defined as the distance that food travels from the field to the grocery store.The study found that the environmental cost of greenhouse gas (CO2) emitted to transport20 tonnes of organically grown produce was comparable to that of bringing the sameamount of conventional fruit and vegetables to market.

For the study, the team collected retail price data from six grocery stores and interviewedsuppliers about their shipping methods. They created comparable food baskets of bothorganic and conventionally-grown fruit and vegetables being transported to Edmontonstores by truck, train or ship, and found that most travels by truck. Since 1970 truckshipping has increased, replacing more energy-efficient rail and water transport.

The researchers calculated that the annual environmental costs for a city the size of



Edmonton were $135,000 to $183,000 (5,492-7,426 tonnes CO2) for conventionalproduce and $156,000 to $175,000 (6,348-7,124 tonnes CO2) for organic produce. Manyof the organic products are travelling further than the conventional food. Two items inparticular, mangoes and green peppers, were shipped much further than theirconventional counterparts (4,217 and 1,476 kilometres, respectively). The mangoes wereshipped from Ecuador and Peru as opposed to Mexico, and the peppers came fromMexico as opposed to Canada or the United States.

To help reduce greenhouse gases, Burtt recommends that shoppers switch to buyinglocally produced food at grocery stores or farmers' markets when possible, and that anyfuture government policy on the environment should consider the reduction of CO2emissions associated with food transport. The study also found that a large gap betweentotal costs to the consumer and the price paid in the store for organic produce indicatesthat retailers could cover the environmental costs without passing those costs on to theconsumer.

4. 短文章（about stamps）

1. What was theprimary purpose?

description of stamps or particularobject/evolution of a shared pastime

“讲述邮票的故事“或”共同休闲时光的变化“两

个选项均有人选择。

2. What does notdescribe the stamps?

Vintage/ fragile/ vibrant

多名学生选择“fragile“（易碎的）

5. 长文章（Folk music and authenticity）民乐和原创性

1. What are thesimilarities between the band andsinger?

Pragmatic（都是实用主义的）

2. How would theauthor of passage 1 respond to the firstsentence of passage 2?

文章1作者如何回应文章2的第一句话？（No

answer）

3. What ismentioned in Passage 1 but not inPassage 2?

It being akin to effective stage performer.（类

似实际的舞台表演者）

4. What was arhetorical device used in P1 but not inP2?

有人选择 citing authority figures（引用权威

数据）

5. What wasn’trelated to his attempt to live likecommon folks?

有学生选择（D） he build the house in the

rural place.



有学生选择（E） writing letter to NY news.

6. What is ironicabout thehouse he build in the ruralplace?

He wanted to isolate himself.（他想把自己隔

离。）

He used a modern/urban intellectual sourceto build a traditional, rural home.（他使用现

代的知识来源来建立传统乡村生活。）

7. How passage 1discussed in the end about the impactson American music, whereas as theother passage was just about that onedude’s story

文章 1如何在结尾讨论对美国音乐的影响，

而文章 2只是讲述一个哥们儿的故事。（No

answer）

8. What was theanswer to the mood questions?

unconditional assertment（绝对的坚持主张）

(2) 2015.031. 短文章题目及参考答案

1. What did youget for the first short readingpassage？

the one about the girl looking for the othergirl, who suddenly "transformed" into

someone else（女孩找另一个女孩，找到后

发现那个女孩变成了另一个人）

参考阅读译文

讲述一个妹子在另一个妹子离开自己的生活之后，有时总是觉得在街上见到似乎是另一个妹

子的身影，但走近一看又不是。

2.短对比（Ben Franklin）

1. Both passagesboth agree on

the mail packet carriers tended not to takeadvice from others（邮轮船长不听取他人建

议）

2. What theauthor of P1 would think of the author’sof P2’s comment “pleasure story”?

diminish Franklin’s accomplishment（影响了

富兰克林的成就）

或（答案不确定）



underscore a shortcoming (强调他的一个

缺点)

3. Meaning or raw Unprocessed （未处理的）

参考阅读原文&译文

讲述的是本杰明富兰克林这个 polymath（博学多才的人）的又一个涉猎领域：北大西洋洋

流研究。

文章 1说，1760年代左右，英国政府发现去美国的 mailing boat比 merchantboat要多花两

周，于是让 Franklin去调查一下。Franklin问了之后发现，merchantboat的船长们知道大

西洋洋流的位置，因此避开一些路线，获得了更短的往返时间。merchant boat有时在路上

会碰到 mailingboat陷在某个低速区域里，他们会劝说后者离开既定轨道，但是后者的船长

都比较呆板固执。Franklin于是制作了北大西洋洋流图，然后改进 mailingboat的路线。

文章 2指出 Franklin的洋流图尽管有贡献，但是他把洋流的位置、路线和宽度看成是固定

不变的这种想法是和实际情况有偏差的。他用测定温度的方法来确定洋流的位置也不尽准

确。

Passage I：

Ben Franklin always wondered why sailing from America to Europe took less time thangoing the other way. Finding the answer to this would help to speed travel, shipments andmail deliveries across the ocean. Franklin was the first scientist to study and map the GulfStream. He measured wind speeds and current depth, speed and temperature. BenFranklin described the Gulf Stream as a river of warm water and mapped it as flowingnorth from the West Indies, along the East Coast of North America and east across theAtlantic Ocean to Europe.Ben Franklin believed that people should should use daylight productively. He was one ofthe greatest supporters of daylight savings time in summer.While serving as Postmaster General in 1775, Franklin decided to analyze the best routesfor delivering the mail. He invented a simple odometer to help measure the mileage of theroutes that he attached to his carriage.

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_Odometer.htm



Passage II：

The most important use of drifting bottles is to find ocean currents. When the position and

direction of currents are known, ships can use the forward movement of a current or stay

away from currents that would carry them off their course. Benjamin Franklin was one of

the first to use bottles in the study of currents. He wondered why British mail ships needed

a week or two longer than U.S. ships needed in order to cross the Atlantic Ocean. Franklin

thought the Gulf Stream might explain this difference.

Franklin talked with U.S. captains. He found that they knew each turn of the Gulf Stream.

They used the current in every possible way. From his talks with the U.S. sea captains,

Franklin made his first map of the Gulf Stream. Then he checked his map by using some

bottles. The map that he finally made is still used, with only a few changes, today.

Passage III：

This map, from the Peter Force Map Collection at the Library of Congress, was created bythe Philadelphia engraver James Poupard. It was the third in a series featuring a chart ofthe Gulf Stream. The latter was well known to Spanish ship captains, who relied on it tosail from the Americas to the Iberian Peninsula, but there were no universal charts ormaps due to Spanish secrecy. This map originally was sketched by Timothy Folger, aNantucket fisherman and a cousin of Benjamin Franklin, who conceived the map andactively promoted study of the Gulf Stream. Franklin published the original chart in 1770and sought to distribute it among mariners, but British sea captains skeptical of colonialideas largely refused to purchase copies. He suspended his efforts during the AmericanRevolution to avoid giving any advantage to the British, but at the end of the war hecollaborated on a second printing in France. In 1786, Poupard’s engraving appeared inthe Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, the publication of the country’sfirst learned society founded by Franklin and others in 1743.

3.短对比（oral history VS DJ）

1. What was theattitude of the writers of the DJpassage?

Incredulous（怀疑的）

2. passage 1would think passage 2's info would beaccurate if？

detailed（更详细些）

3. 2 year olds andcommercials

Extent to which commercials permeated our



live（商业广告渗透影响我们生活的程度）

4. What shouldnot be in the last paragraph?

Animal ad (动物广告)

参考阅读译文

文章 1：

口述历史(Oral History)的内容会随着叙述的次数增多而增加。但是学者认为这种细节的增添

并不是坏事。相反，信息量越大，还原故事本来面目的可能性就越大。Analogy：口述历史

就像一部俄罗斯小说，把发生在 60个人身上的故事拼贴到一个人身上。

文章 2：

每个舞曲的背后都有一个故事。我们试图采访作曲者，甚至合音的 DJ，让他们打开话匣子，

然后才发现每个曲子背后都有说不完的故事，无法直接从歌词和曲调中完全说尽。

4.长文章（excerpts from Laws of the Evening）

1. (第 18 题 ) theword's passed through him like waterthrough a net' basically…

he wasn't really paying attention, permeable（他没太注意）

2. （第 19 题）what did you get on his father’s voice?

Constancy and inscrutability（坚定不移和高

深莫测）

3. when he wasaround his father it was like being in atemple whereas away from him it is likebeing on a busy road

to indicate a contrast in his life（表现他两种

生活状态的鲜明对比）

4. She was "surprised" about his father'sidea. Also the passage implied thatbecause running "struck a chord" (orsomething like that), his father wasn'tnormally interested in pursuits andinterests such as sports.

What was her voice?

Sarcastic（讽刺的）

5. During the initial pow wow with the dadat the place. The answer choices Strained（不自然的，紧张的）



included distrust, antagonism, strained,etc. What was the answer?

6. Saburo’s mom’s toneDelighted （开心的）

7. Sanburo’s mom’s roleSupportive （支持的）

8. Purpose of Saburo passageChanging relationship （父子关系的改变）

参考阅读原文

Saburo’s father was old, much older than his mother. His gray hair, ascetic cheekbonesand scholarly decorum (he was professor of astronomy at Nangyo University)commanded both respect and distance. When sitting down beside his father at the lowdining table, Saburo had moments of readjustment similar to entering a temple from abusy street. Dinner-table conversations, more often than not, were monologues on themoons of Jupiter, the Andromeda nebulae or various theories on cosmogony. Chewinghis food slowly-a habit from rationing days, when the rule had been one hundredtimes-Saburo let the academic words flow through him like water through a net. What heheard was his father’s voice: a voice like the universe, regulated and unknowable, with theendurance of silent planets rotating in their endless, solitary orbits.

Something about the running must have struck a chord with his father, although as far asSaburo knew, he had not been a track man in his youth. At any rate, the following eveningat dinner his father made an announcement.

“On the days you don’t have practice,” he told Saburo, “I’ll be taking you out to KaiganeStation to clock your runs.”

Saburo’s mother looked up from ladling rice into a bowl. “Ma, Father, what an excellentidea!” she said. She then turned to her son, surprise and pleasure still in her face.“Saburo, thank your father,” she said. Saburo was not altogether happy with the actualarrangement; his devotion to running was not that strong. Nonetheless, he was suffusedwith a quiet, manly pride that he tried to mask with an expression of nonchalance. “Sonice, ne-a father and son, doing things together!” sang Saburo’s mother, expecting noreply and getting none besides a good-willed “That’s right” from her husband. Dinner thatnight felt very much like a rite of passage, and Saburo’s mother served up the mackerelwith a gravity reserved for celebratory red snappers.

Saburo’s father never attended Saburo’s track competitions; he left that to his wife. But healways inquired after the results at dinner, showing more interest in his son’s times than in



his rankings-a good thing, since Saburo never placed especially high. The boy neverthought to question his father’s absences or to complain. His father was simply different.He was old. He was an academic, whereas Saburo’s friends’ fathers were grocers andmerchants. If he got excited, his eye pressure would go up.

But from that evening on, each time Saburo came home on nonpractice days, his fatherwas waiting, still dressed in his Western-style lecture clothes: white short-sleeved shirtand gray trousers, creased and starched. They sat gingerly side by side in the streetcar asit bumped and clattered through the bustling fish vendors’ district, the smells and raucousvendor calls floating in through the windows. It was awkward and silent in the streetcar,just the two of them. Saburo’s mother, with her cheerful chatter, so often served as theirbuffer. Saburo stole a glance at his father, who was carefully holding both their ticketsready in one hand, even though there were still a dozen stops left to go. He wished hisfather were like his friends’ fathers: sun-browned, guffawing men who ruffled children’shair with affectionate ease.

The streetcar rattled on until there was no more open-air market, only an asphalt roadslicing through kilometer after kilometer of rice paddies. Kaigane Train Station was thefinal stop on the route. Because of postwar cutbacks the train came through only once aday now, so in the evenings the station was deserted.

Only here, with silence stretching over the open fields like an extension of his father, didSaburo feel complete harmony between them.

Saburo took his place at the makeshift starting line exactly 800 meters south of theplatform (they had measured it out on the first day, using a 100-meter ball of string). Hisfather waited back at the platform, a slight, gaunt figure next to the metal station billboard.As he peered at his wristwatch, clutched in both hands, Saburo raced toward him on theasphalt. A sea of rice plants, dyed red from the sunset, undulated on either side. On thosespring evenings, the sharp green smell of growing things stung Saburo’s nostrils as hesucked it in and pierced his lungs like frosty air. His elongated shadow floated beside himwith effortless strides, like a long, fluid ghost. If he suddenly stopped running, his shadowmight have kept on going.

“Two-forty-nine,” his father said. Saburo panted, leaning over with hands on knees,waiting to regain his wind so he could run it again. Somewhere in the paddies, frogs werecroaking.

“Are you pacing yourself?” his father asked. “Remember, it doesn’t matter who’s in front ofyou. Beating your own time’s all that matters. You can do that with practice. So don’t be



affected by those other runners.You just keep on improving, slow and steady.” Everythinghis father did was slow and steady. Saburo pictured how he might run: rationing eachbreath, timing each footfall, looking neither left nor right at anything else around him.

5.长文章（creativity）

1. What was theprimary purpose the passage?

To present a theory（提出一项理论）

2. how thequestion in line XX and the threequestions in line XX were connected？

the latter shows how the former ismisleading（后句表明前句是误导的）

3. which would bean example of what Csikszentmihalyiconsiders creative?

Innovative Science Paper （原创科技论文）

4. what was theauthor's feelings towardsCsikszentmihalyi's theory?

Advert （关注的）

5. had "add to adebate"?

it added to the rigor or something about the

debate（增加了辩论的严谨性）

6. Others,however, have maintained theimportance of using external standardsto define the existence of truecreativity.

maintain----同义词 assort（词汇题）

7. Expertapprobation is correlated to wealth.They talk about Van Gogh's paintingsand how they had little to no monetaryvalue until critics said something.onedude’s story

专家的认可与财富相关。文章谈到梵高的画

及他的画和钱没几乎没关系，直到评论家讲

到一个人的故事。

8. whatcontribution does Csikszentmihalyi hasin the creativity passage? that was thevery last question

he enriched terms（他丰富了术语）

9. authorcharacterize creativity

Difficult but worthwhile or useful but divisive(答案是困难但值得的或者有用但不和谐的)

10. Mendel can’tbe considered creative

Not incorporated by people （未被人们包含

在内）

参考阅读英文&译文



Creativity一直是最难被理解的人类现象之一。许多非常有才华的作家或者艺术家在他们最

高产的时候往往籍籍无名，而死后才被认可，比如 Emily Dickinson或者 Vincentvan Gogh。

针对这一现象，有人(Csikszentmihalyi)提出了一种全新的对于 Creative的定义，将批评界

的接受当成是真正 creative的标志。Creativity require three elements: the domain, the

field,the person. 每一个特定的 domain，比如艺术界或者文学界，都会有一群 gatekeeper，

如 critics, teachers, curators等，称为 thefield。当 the field 整体同意某 person的 work对

于整个 domain有推动或开拓作用时，creativity才发生。根据这个定义，Van Gogh和

Dickinson在死前都不算 Creative，而只有整个批评界接受了他们的作品时 Creativity才算

发生。这个定义看似违反直觉，但细想有一定解释力。以孟德尔的豌豆实验为例：因为害怕

教会，孟德尔生前并不敢发表他的工作，只敢默默种豌豆然后默默做记录。他死后 50年，

学界才开始把他的实验结果纳入科学理论中，他的工作才对科学理论的进步起到作用。换言

之，直到此时，才有所谓真正的新领域的拓展，亦即创新的发生。

作者最后对于 Csikszentmihalyi的理论的态度是偏正面，认为该理论对于一个争论已久的问

题提供了一种新的讨论思路。

The standard definition is most appropriate for little-c creativity. If a friend shared apainting with you, he or she would not expect you to begin your critique by comparing it toVan Gogh or Monet. Rather, you would be expected to explain whether you found it to beunique and aesthetically pleasing (with in the context of what you know about thatparticular style of painting and your friend^ current level of artistic accomplishment).

Professional Expertise: Pro-c CreativityIn the previous section we discussed how the inclusion of mini-c in the traditional little-c

and Big-C dichotomy helps to resolve the issue of little-c being too general a concept toaccount for the genesis and development of creativity. Still, the issue remains that there isnot an appropriate category for individuals who are professional creators, but have notreached eminent status. For example, although the little-c category is useful for theeveryday creativity of the home cook who can creatively combine ingredients to developunique and tasty meals and the Big-C category is appropriate for chefs who have



revolutionized the profession (e.g., James Beard, Marie-Antoine CarSme，Ruth GravesWakefield),what about the professional chef who makes a living developing creativeentrees (clearly surpassing the creativity of the innovative home cook) but has not yetattained (or may never attain) Big-C status?

As we have already discussed, Big-C creativity often requires a degree of time. It maytake decades to truly ascertain the actual impact. Creativity that seems revolutionary mayturn out to simply be a footnote to history. Moreover, geniuses are rarely lauded asgeniuses in their own time, and the vagaries of fame and fortune may result in a supposedBig-C creator being long forgotten after his death. Indeed, most theoretical conceptions ofBig-C nearly require a posthumous evaluation. As a result, the concept of Big-C is lesshelpful in real-world, practical situations.

One exemplifier can be found in Csikszentmihalyi’s Systems Model (1999)，in which, asdiscussed, the domain, field, and person work interactively. A creator may be hailed as acreative genius during his or her time. But if the gatekeepers who comprise the field一 theprofessors, the editors, the critics, the historians 一 decide after 100 years that thecreator’s work was not atthe level of genius, and the domain has long forgotten thecreator’ work, then we can no longer treat such a creator as Big-C.

The flipside to the forgotten innovators, of course, are the unappreciated geniuses,people like Franz Kafka, Nicolas Copernicus, and Emily Dickinson, whose creativity wasnot truly understood or appreciated until after their death. It is interesting, how-ever, tonote that most posthumous evaluations are comparable to the ones received during one’slifetime; Simonton (1998) studied496 operas and compared how they were initiallyreceived versus how often they are performed today. What he found was that, in general,operas that opened to good reviews and solid runs are the operas that are mostcommonly performed today.

6. 加试短文章 1（about writer）

一个作家在被问到成为作家所需要的特质时戏谑地回答说，成为作家需要三点：第一，除了

写作之外其他的求生技能一概不会；第二，对于写作之外的其他求生方式一概不屑；第三，

疯狂地相信其他人会在意自己对于各种事物的意见。 “Incompetence,contempt, and

lunacy”。

7. 加试短文章 2（about globalization）

一般来说，全球化指的是在全球各的范围内的物料、知识、商品乃至人力的流动。人们认为

这种趋势会使世界变的更好。But that may not be the case.

(3) 2015.051.长文章（amateur theatre company业余剧团）

1. Theperspective of the passage

Actors, as described by a narrator （叙述者



以演员们的口吻）

2. “Naked” mostnearly means

Unoccupied （未被占的）

3. Theatmosphere is

Suspense （设置悬念）

4. The gesturesare described as

Showy but sincere （有点夸张但很真诚）

5. The attitude ofplayers

Contented （满足的）

6. “Promise” mostnearly means

Expectation （预期）

7. The purpose ofdirector’s speech

Give them confidence （增加信心）

8. “newtoys”serves to

Players’ homes stand out （演员的家很显

著）

9. “haste”for carsbecause

Disappointed （失望）

10. Imagerysuggests

Loss of inhibitions （压抑的情绪不见了）

参考阅读译文

作者以其中演员的角度，先描述业余剧团演员们刚演出后因没有观众的失望和无奈，设置了

悬念；继而讲了导演慷慨激昂的安慰和鼓励，最后写演员们回忆曾经排练的种种辛苦和热衷，

最后真心演出后的一种淡淡失望和因演出自己提升自己后的释然。

2.短对比（video games电子游戏）

1. Both passagesuse

Direct citation （直接引用）

2. Relationshipbetween two passages

P1 takes a position while P2 question thepremise of the debate （文章 1表明自己的

态度；文章 2质疑争议存在的必要）

参考阅读译文



文章 1：

虽然大多数人不这么认为，但作者认为电子游戏（video games）是一种艺术，因为具备艺

术的特征：有思想有创意有美感。

文章 2：

关于电子游戏是否是艺术一直以来就备受争议。电影评论家认为它不是。游戏设计者认为称

电子游戏是艺术是一种后退。而作者认为对游戏者来说这种讨论完全没必要，因为艺术本身

在现代文化中就没有固定的定义。

3.长文章（speak in a prestigious club）

1. Primarypurpose is

Express the drama of an occasion （表现一

种机会给作者带来的惊喜效果）

2. “Simply”mostnearly means

Merely （仅仅）

3. Significant inthat they

Highlight an apparent incongruity （强调一

种明显的不一致）

4. “playground“ isimportant because

Sharpened her perception of politics （形成

了她的政治观点）

参考阅读译文

讲一个黑人女政治竞选管理者受邀到国家最著名的政治俱乐部演讲那种荣誉，受宠若惊还有

紧张等情绪。她双联想到一路让自己走到今天的母亲，她觉得自己有了今天和母亲的模范作

用和谆谆教导是分不开的。

4.长对比（human DNA）

1. Both passagesagree

Improper use of DNA database （DNA数据

库的不合理利用）

2. “objections“ inP1 is considered by P2 as

Legitimate （合法的）



3. “DNAfingerprinting”is considered as

Misleading （理解错误的）

4. “lawenforcement bodies”is considered as

unexpected

5. Similaritiesbetween two passages

Concede a point （承认一个观点）

6. Relationshipbetween two passages

P2 objects to the viewpoint in P1

参考阅读译文

文章 1：

从一个人类基因图谱总设计师的角度，作者认为因为担心个人隐私被僭越而不收集个人基因

库远比将来人们因为没有相应基因救治疾病来得不那么重要。呼吁立法者可以从法律上允许

建立全人类的基因库。他觉得人们是因为对转基因食物的恐惧而对建立基因库畏惧。

文章 2：

先提出指纹和 DNA样本的收集是两回事，继而明确提出建立基因库是对隐私的僭越，会不

可避免地助长个人基因信息的滥用和歧视。

5.长文章（about novel writing 小说写作）

1. primarypurpose

Present view about characterization innovels （提出小说中角色描述的观点）

2. the purpose offirst paragraph

Provides an analogy （做了一个类比）

3. about middleplate

Pivotal （最重要的）

4. “good plot” Uninteresting without good characterization（没有角色描述就很无趣）

5. “strike”mostnearly means

Resonance （共鸣）

6. “empathicstrike”

Unmistakable （不容错误的）



7. Sergeant Erratic （奇怪的）

8. Experiencewith sergeant is

Fortuitous （偶然的，幸运的）

9. Final sentenceis considered as

A reiteration （观点重申）

参考阅读译文

作者从小时街头看到的一个转盘杂技表演中的道理来比喻写作中各种元素的关系和重要程

度。角色（character）是中间的盘子，是最重要的，而想写好角色不在篇幅多少，而在恰

到好处的细节描述。

(4) 2014.011.短文章 1

1. Primarypurpose

Describe a concept （描述一个概念）

2. The author isconsidered as

An interested outsider （一个有兴趣的外人）

参考阅读译文

作者描述了一个地方的人们不同的生活方式：大家都吃住睡在一起，空间都是开放公共的。

2.短文章 2（astrophysics天体物理学）

1. The purpose Present a distinction （提出一项差异）

参考阅读译文

讲述天体物理学和其他物理学科最大的区别就是它并不能通过实验证明结论，只能通过观察

得出推测。

3.长文章（feelings about life）

1. The purpose Feelings aobut her life （她对自己生活的感

情变化）



2. Tone Speculative （猜测的）

3. Activitiesexperienced are considered as

Novel （新鲜的）

4. “she pitilesslytook its measure”

Dispassionate look at surroundings （对自

己的生活环境不满）

5. “village”emphasize

Isolation and stagnation （孤立和僵化）

6. “tone” Reproving （责备的）

7. Aboutmountain

An ominous presence （不吉利的存在）

参考阅读译文

讲述一个女孩自从被神职人员带到更大城市看到了更大的世界的繁华之后就对自己目前呆

的镇子感觉无聊和不满，但又因为身边的人一直教育自己要安于现状，自己也没有勇气行动。

4.短对比（green consumption 绿色消费）

1. Both passages Evaluate a trend （讲价一个趋势）

2. Both agree thatgreen consumerism

Raise people’s awareness of ecologicaleffects of their behaviour （使人们关注自己

行为对生态环境的影响）

3. “Marks” mostnearly means

Signals （标志）

参考阅读译文

文章 1：

绿色消费是原创有益的会引导公司绿色生产产品（即尽量减少对环境的危害）并最终降低成

本让人们绿色生活。

文章 2：

绿色消费虽然让人们关注绿色产品，但是真正做到的企业很少，大多企业只不过拿这个当然



促进销售的噱头，我们应该正确认识。

5.长文章（Roman food culture）

1. Grappolo ischaracterized as

Exemplar of its kind （这种类的典型例子）

2. “modest” Unpretentious （不炫耀的）

3. “politicaldebate”

Seriousness and passion （重要和热情）

4. attitude Welcoming （热情友好的）

参考阅读译文

作者讲了罗马的热情友好简单不张洋的文化。主要通过介绍了那里美味的饮食文化，人们热

爱吃更热爱评价食物。

(5) 2014.031.长文章（plastics塑料制品）

1. On steeplearning curve

Far from perfection （远不够完美）

2. Plastic wasnatural form

塑料是天然形状

3. Tuperware Changed the design of works （改变作品的

设计）

4. What bestdescribes plastics

Mystery man

5. Absolutequick-change artistry

Unrestricted （无限的，不受限制的）

6. “Hard” light intense

7. The authormentions two instances of light to

Emphasize its short-lived nature （强调它的

寿命短）



8. What isFrancle’s attitude to plastics?

Excitement （兴奋）

2.对比（vibration theory of odor perception 气味认知的振动理论）

1. Definition ofimpressions

Notions （概念）

2. Bjjah Prince The pre-revolutionary freedman and hisfamily （革命前的自由民和家庭）

3. Purpose of lastparagraph

Continue an explanation （继续解释观点）

4. The authordescribes the quest as all of thefollowing EXCEPT:

Perilous （危险的）

5. Rudimentaryhypothesis

Not basic because he has support

6. When does thesilence end?

When baby momma gets ready for labor,sugar daddy comes home

3.（stone soup 石头汤的故事）

从崇拜到支持无用性

描述他洗石头的记忆到描述他过去的一些感觉经历

不确定哪篇文章的题目

1. Continue anexplanation

继续解释

2. Literaryallusion was omitted

文学典故被省略

3. Passage goesfrom beauty to usefulness

文章从美过渡到无用

4. On ”credo” Apt but clumsy （适当但笨拙）

5. The quote wasaccurate

引用很准确

6. Passage 2 ismocking the theory

文章 2在嘲讽这个理论

7. Anticipatefuture science

预料到未来的科技



8. Broken toys,cracked stuff

To evoke specific events of disappointment（激起对失望）

9. Acupuncture P1 was talking about inadequacies while P2discussed objectivity （文章 1讲座不足文章

2讲座客观性）

10. “Lot” mostnearly means

Parcel

11. “Thingness”most nearly means

Fixed nature （固定属性）

12. Infinity symbol Limitlesspotentials （无限的潜能）

13. Smallunrelated details lead to significantinsights

细小不相关的细节导致重要想法

14. Steep learning The difficulties they will continue to face dueto their setbacks: far from perfection （由于

不足而一直面临的困难以：远不完美）

15. Analogy Asculptor using an unconventional materialand a mysterious stranger of an unknownidentity （使用不常规材料的雕刻家和不明

身份的神秘陌生人）

16. The purpose To show discrepancy （表明差异）

(6) 2014.061.对比（online newspaper在线报纸）

1. P1 would sayP2 was

Unduly negative （过于消极）

2. P2 would saythat the guy in P1

Didn’t account for the offset money lost fromprint advertising （没解释因为平面广告而损

失的钱）

3. The authorwould assume that

Print is a better investment for advertisers（平面广告是一种更好的投资方式）

4. The guy’s initialreaction to the city is

Awed（感到震惊）



2.短文章（timber木材）

1. Steel andplastic should be used less in the futurefor construction

钢材和塑料应该在未来少用于建筑

2. Second shortpassage question talks about

Efficiency （效率）

3.长文章（movies电影）

1. The lady hadvarying talents and was an inspirationfor future female actresses

女士有多种才华且对未来演员有启发

2. In text vocabquestion slip

Pass （经过）

3. Hollywood in itsearly days was

Shortsighted（短视的）

4.长对比（celebrity publicity名人宣传）

1. Both passagesdeal with

Celebrity publicity （名人宣传）

2. P2 authorwould view an argument referenced inP1 with

Sympathy and approval （同情的支持）

3. P2 implies thatcommon sense can

Perpetuate a social order （使一种社会秩序

长久）

4. P1 was morebalanced, P2 only had one opinion.

文章 1更客观，文章 2持一种观点

5. P2 author saysthe court decisions should consider

All economic aspects before making a caseagree （法庭决议应该考虑所有经济方法）

5.长文章（dark matter黑物质）

1. Which of thefollowing does not describe darkmatter?

Unverifiable （无法证实的）

2. The purpose Discovery and significance （发现和重要性）

3. Thesignificance of lines 32-33 in the wholepassage:

It was a principle that led scientists to inferdark matter.（是科学家对黑物质做出推断的

一项原则）



4. “gravity itself” Scientists had expectations based onunsubstantiated data（科学家根据未证实的

数据做出预期）

5. Copernicanrevolution

To draw a parallel （做比较）

6. Something inthe first reading section (comparingsomething to a school of fish)

Simile （明喻）

7. Best sums upthe passage

Technological progress can bring upquestions （科技进步可产生问题）

8. Assessespossible explanation and rules itunsatisfactory

评估可能的解释并认为它是令人不满意的

9. The future ofastronomy was “bright”

Means promising （有希望的）

10. Scientistsrelied on intuition

科学家依靠直觉

11. It brings upmore questions than it answers

提出问题多于回答

6.长文章（Ethiopian in New York纽约的埃塞俄比人）

1. What is the roleof the last word “memory”

Finding his self identity（找到自己的身份）

2. What was onehubris distinct from the other?

Explicitly referred to past experience （直接

指过去的经历）

3. Functioning asa group/unit

作为一个群体或单元起作用

4. Individuallity 个人主义

(7) 2014.121.短文章（consumers’ omplaining顾客的抱怨）&小说（Alice’s birthday）

1. function of the1st paragraph

Provided the setting （提供背景）

2. recalled achange in thought

想起思想上的转变



3. Why were thefloats opportunistic

Everyone had their own motives （每个人都

有自己的动机）

4. differentgroups during the parade

Promote self interest（提升个人兴趣）

5. Today was herbirthday

Clarified the details in the first paragraph（阐

明了第一段的细节）

6. a secondusage of “today was her birthday”

Shifted the story from the past back into thepresent （将故事从过去转回现在）

Alice’s birthday参考阅读原文

It was going to be a beautiful day.

Alice climbed onto her bedroom windowsill and sat down, wrapping her arms around

her legs. Early morning mist hovered in mysterious levels over the lawn below. In the tree

branches that inclined near her window, the low sun ignited little white signal fires that

flashed at Alice from the velvety spaces between the leaves. It was dark still beneath the

ragged hems of the firs at the side of the house, and a cool, musty smell rose from under

the old rhododendron bushes, but across the front lawn, downy stripes of sunlight began

to unfurl between the long shadows of the trees. Beyond the lawn, and then farther out

beyond the low border of the stone wall, fields revealed in the growing light raced away to

the wooded horizon.

On her windowsill, Alice waited, watching. The full energy of the day, like a parade

assembling its drums and cymbals and marching players, lay just out of sight, gathering

strength at the edge of the world. Any moment now, the day’ s brimming cup would spill

over the far treetops and flood the hour with light.

Today, the twenty-ninth day of May, was Alice’ s tenth birthday. When she was

younger, her brothers had told her that the annual Memorial Day parade in Grange, the

creeping procession of fire engines and floats and flag bearers that Alice watched with

shining eyes from atop her father’ s shoulders, was held in celebration of her birthday, as

if she were a princess whose subjects collected for her pleasure. Now she could not

remember what it had felt like to believe this fiction, though she was assured she had

believed it. She could only remember the uncomfortable dawning of her doubt: the gravity

of the white-haired soldiers formed into a trembling V whose size diminished each year;



her correct linking of the word memorial with the word memory—this, she puzzled, was

not language for a birthday celebration; and her adding up of the other signs, too. No one

saluted her as they went past. No one came to one knee before her. No one said happy

birthday.

She could not remember what it had felt like to believe in Santa Claus, either. That

faith, too, had slipped away from her with casually troubling ease. Like discovering a hole

in her pocket through which a precious trinket had dropped and been lost, she could not

pinpoint when the miracle had left her.

Out of loyalty, each spring the family still attended the Memorial Day parade, shabbily

reinforced over the years by opportunistic floats from other jurisdictions: a pickup full of

people in Star Trek costumes, a van from the television station in Brattleboro, a Frito-Lay

truck from which employees in matching black polo shirts tossed bags of chips, a woman

in her pink Mary Kay car trailing ribbons like a honeymoon vehicle.

But now there was a birthday party, too.

Already someone—one of the boys, probably—had carried the rush-seated dining

room chairs outside for the party and arranged them haphazardly on the front lawn

beneath Alice’ s windowsill; one had toppled over onto its side into the wet grass.2.长文章（green chemistry绿色化学）

1. Passageprovides an outline of greenchemistry.

文章提供了绿色化学的概要

2. Createsomething additional toconventional

创造了传统之外的东西

3. Demonstratebiological advantages

展示了生物优势

4. Crategate/crate grave

More comprehensive更全面

5. Last paragraphhad an optimistic view

最后一段态度乐观

3.短对比和长文章（Louis Armstrong&Omnivore）

1. What do author1 and author 2 disagree on?

Cultural legacy of Amstrong （阿姆斯特朗的

文化遗产）



2. AssimilationVS traditionalization

同化 VS传统化

3. Refrigerator isan illustrative example

冰箱是举了一个例子

4. Main idea orfocus

Social and cultural implications of biologicalphenomenon（生物现象的社会和文化影响）

5. The firstsentence highlights an incongruity

首句强调了不一致，因为它既是利好也是挑

战。

6. “Rough ”mostnearly means

Approximate（大概的）

7. What doesBrillat-Savarin imply about koalas?

That they don’t have as developed sense oftaste as humans do. （它们不像人们那样高

级的味觉）

8. Purpose ofdashes after neophilia andneophobia

To define terms （去定义术语）

4.长对比（blockbuster movies大片）

1. What author ofpassage 2 would say？

Fundamentally wronged （根本上被冤枉了）

2. Tonedescribing Jaws

Unenthusiastic （不热衷的）

3. Both passagesdirectly stated

Blockbusters were a major goal （大片是主

要的目标）

4. Passage 1stated an idea that Passage 2disagreed with

文章 2反对文章 1提出的观点

5. Reason forquestion

Bring up a different but relevant idea （提出

不同但相关的观点）

6. Different viewsof Star Wars

Passage 1 part of an existing formula,passage 2 from personal experience （文章

1是现有公式的一部分，文章 2是从个人的经

历）



7. Bothfilmmakers were focused more onartistic rather than financial value

两个电影制作人更关注艺术而非经济价值。

8. Which was notmentioned in passage 1?

Whether the movie was financiallysuccessful （电影是否商业上成功）

9. What is“reservations“ referring to?

Misgivings （担忧，疑虑）

10. Somethingabout a top-down method

关于自上而下的方法

(8) 2013.011.短文章（About an author）

1. Quoted wordsrefer to

Rhythm of oral storytelling （口述故事的节

奏）

2. End statementrefers to

Developed habits that influenced her writing（习惯影响了她的写作）

参考阅读译文

讲述作家通过小时候听家里人讲故事形成自己独特的写作风格：像讲故事一样需要读者聆听

2.短文章（frozen microwave food冷冻微波加热食物）

1. Supermarketbroccoli refers to

Support a point about the nature of freshfoods （把持前面关于新鲜食物性质的观点）

2. Primarypurpose

Provide information to correct amisconception（提供信息证明人们的错误认

识）

参考阅读译文

刚采摘马上冷冻继而用微波加热的食物要比所谓的新鲜食物健康，因为这些新新食物可能经

过长时间运输已经被空气氧化使营养物质流失。

3.长文章（about a painter）

1. “decorativeportrait manner” indicates

Different from painter’s style （与画家的风格

不同）

2. Painter’s styleis

Unpretentious （真实不做作的）



3. Portraits ofBenjamin Franklin shows

Artistic weakness （艺术上的不足）

4. “impresssion” Understanding （印象）

5. Author’sattitude

Admiration（崇拜）

参考阅读译文

绘画史上一个以画名人画像著名的画家，他的简单生平介绍、风格是写实为主，但他有时会

随意复制之前成名的画作（这是他艺术上的不足之处），最后讲他最为人所熟知的是他自己

的自画像。

4.长文章（about a painter）

1. “illustrations” Legend sometimes prevailed in the absenceof objective fact（当对事实不清时用传说解

释）

2. The statementstarts with “but” serves to

Amend an assertion made earlier（改正前文

得出的结论）

3. Purpose ofexclamation

Urging readers to enter into the sailors’point of view（让读者想象水手们当时看到的

景象）

4. Tone Wonder （惊喜）

5. “ marked”most nearly means

Delineated（圈定）

6. “ boundaries”indicate

Parts of natural landscape（自然风景的一部

分）

7. “ land” mostnearly means

Arrive （到达）

8. “ blind to thesings”

Held certain assuptions about theappearance of gardens （对花园的样子有固

定的观念）

9. EXCEPTquestion

Appeal to an authority （引用权威）



参考阅读译文

讲一个西非女作家从收到一封家乡的信引出自己神秘未知的家乡，指出其实人们在地图上对

它随意图画是因为自己的无知，继而回忆几世纪前的航海家们就已经发现了它环境优美物产

富饶，但这些水手们只看到了它像伊甸园一样的美，自己做为一个故乡人还看到了是勤劳的

妇女铸就了这一切。

5.短对比（faithfulness of novel adaptation小说搬上荧幕的忠实原著问题）

1. Both passagesagree

Film adaptations should not be judgedsimply by their faithfulness to the originalsources （忠于原著的改编不太可能所以不

应该对此评判）

2. P1 most wouldlikely respond to “ fidelity isundesirable” by

Disagree （不同意）

3. Tone of bothpassages

Conflicted…assertive（矛盾的与坚定的）

4. Relationship oftwo passages

P1 offers a qualified defence of a conceptthat P2 rejects entirely（文章 1对一个概念有

条件地反驳；文章 2完全反对这个观点）

参考阅读译文

文章 1：

即使小说拍成电影很难完全忠于原著，但有些改编也太夸张了，不能因为不可能完全忠实而

肆意篡改，因为人们还是喜欢他们喜欢的小说被尽可能真实地拍出来。

文章 2：

作者认为完全忠于原小说的电影改编是不可能的。

(9) 2013.061.长对比（Austen’s fiction & music instruments奥斯汀的小说&乐器）

1. The author ofPassage 2 refutes an argumentpresented by the author ofPassage 1

文章 2作者反驳文章 1提出的观点。

2. Austen wroteabout a world with which she was

奥斯汀写了一个她熟悉的世界。



familiar

3. Do not conveya sense of the world at large

并没有从全世界的视角去表达（只描写她熟

悉的世界）

4. Contradictedby examples from Austen’s fiction

与奥斯汀小说中的例子矛盾

5. A considerationof a remarkable artifact

考虑杰出的艺术手法

6. A musicalinstrument

乐器

7. It expressesthe author’s view about aparticular subject.

表达作者对特定主题的观点。

8. They shift thefocus of the passage

From instruments to performers（从乐器到

表演者）

9. They treat theviolins as

Exceptional objects（独特的物体）

10. Explore waysthat Stradivarius players relate totheir violins

探索弦乐器演奏者和他们的小提琴间的关系

11. “ I feelincomplete without my violin.”

我感觉没有小提琴我就不完整。

12. Mullova wasable to leave her violin behindwhen she left Finland.

Mullova离开芬兰时能够留下她的小提琴。

13. Suggest therichness of a popular reputation

暗示名声的丰富

14. Intoxicating 令人陶醉的

15. Overbearing 傲慢的

16. Aknowledgeable fan

渊博的粉丝

2.长文章（ghost orchid幽灵兰花）



1. Call attention toa set of impressive works of art

关注一系列令人难忘的艺术作品

2. Astonishing 令人震惊的

3. They benefitgreatly from extensive exposure tocomputers.

他们从广泛接触电脑获益良多。

4. A personalquest

个人的探索

5. Evocativecomparisons

引起回忆的比较

6. Dispirited 沮丧没精神的

7. Humorousexaggeration

幽默式夸张

8. The ghostorchid is less important to theauthor than the state of mind itsometimes inspires.

幽灵兰花本身不如它带给作者的灵感重要。

9. Suggest thatan attraction to orchidsautomatically invovlves a set ofshared beliefs

暗示对兰花的迷恋自然产生共同的信念。

3.长文章

1. P1 advances aposition that P2 presents asimpractical.

文章 1提出了文章 2认为不实际的立场。

2. Moreslow-moving than humans

比人类行动更缓慢。

3. Unjustifiable 不合理的

4. Signal a shift inperspective

表明角度发生转变

5. Surmountable 可战胜的

6. Inadequatebecause it focuses solely on issuesrelated to cost

不足的，因为它只关注和成本相关的问题



7. Less stronglysupported than it once was

并未像曾经那样强烈支持

8. More common 更常见

4.长文章

1. Conveying acharacter’s introspections

表达性格中的内省

2. Chaos totranquility

混乱到平静

3. Comforting 令人宽慰的

4. Needs tocounter a feeling of loneliness

需要回应孤独感

5. Self-assurance 自信

6. Appreciation 欣赏

7. Furtivecomplaints

隐晦的抱怨

8. Mrs. Dutta’sexpectations about her grandchildrenhave not been realized.

Dutta太太对孙子的期待没被实现。

9. Resignation 放弃

10. Deceptive 欺骗的

11. An unsatisfyingexperience

一段令人不满意的经历

12. Strained 紧张的，勉强的

(10) 2013.101.短文章 1（mom who loves ice skating爱滑冰的妈妈）

1. The authorthinks mother’s actions are

Eccentric（奇怪的）

2. “ pouring tea” More suitable（更合适的）



is activity that

参考阅读译文

作者讲自己的妈妈年纪很大却很时尚地玩滑冰一种矛盾心理：既觉得应该感激妈妈能自己

活得很开心又觉得好像妈妈这种年纪应该种种花泡泡茶。

2.短文章 2（cultural identities文化认同）

1. Prmarypurpose is to suggest that

Cultural identities transcend pre-establishedmodels（文化认同超越既定模式）

2. Quotationmarks are used to

Question the legitimacy of terms（质疑用词

的合理性）

参考阅读译文

作者反驳人们的文化定式论（即认为只有保留特定方式，甚至保持僵化的模式才能保证文化

“纯真”），但作者认为文化的交流和融合不代表自己就脱离自己曾经的文化。

3.长文章（Apollo spaceflight mission阿波罗太空飞船任务）

1. Anders ischaracterized as

Diligent but inflexible（勤奋但有些死板）

2. Statemengserves to

A sense of challenge that Anders faced（Anders面对的一种挑战）

3. Anders felt Disoriented（找不清方向的）

4. Anders’attitude was one of

Disillusionment（幻想破灭）

5. “ crater andhill” function as

Specifics to support a generalization（支持

一种观点的具体事物）

6. Finalparagraph suggests

Unrealistic expectations about the Moon（对

月球不实际的预想）

参考阅读译文

作者从阿波罗 8号宇航员 Anders从开始很敬业地想拍下所有有关此次探月任务的照片，中

间经历的迷失方向和拍摄角度的局限性，但最后很讽刺的是他想象的月球上的多样地貌最后

就是一成不变的火山口和小山。

4.长文章（education of a genius天才的教育故事）



1. Primarypurpose

Formative period in the narrator’sdevelopment（叙述者成长的初期）

2. The narratorsaw his schoolwork as

Effortless activity（毫不费力的事）

3. Viewed as a“prodigy” because of his

Extraordinary intellect（超凡的智商）

4. Action of theheadmaster

A specific instance of a general pattern（常

见方式的一个具体例子）

5. Felt Sense of entitlement（应有的权力）

6. Monteremphasizes her son’s

Autonomy（独立自主性）

7. Recall his finalencounter with his mother as

Melancholy（伤感的）

8. The narratorthinks himself as

Nomadic（浪子一样的）

参考阅读译文

讲述作者小时候被当做天才，学什么会什么，校长给他开红灯让他去开罗求学，他觉得这些

都是理所当然的，因为大家都为他的超凡智力对他另眼相看。他的妈妈对他的教育态度也是

完全让他自己做决定。一开始他觉得和妈妈之间的关系就像两个在生命中相遇生活而后又分

开过自己的生活，但多年后想起妈妈的话还是有些怀念和伤感。但他的生活轨迹还是从一个

目的地到另一个目的地，像个浪子一样。

5.短对比（pleasure开心）

1. The author ofP2 would view P1

Accurate, because happiness is not lasting（对的，因为快乐不能持续）

2. “individuals” Do not seek happiness（没有故意寻求快乐）

3. “ conditon”viewed by P1 as

Can be attained only by ever-increasingstimulation（只能通过不断的刺激获得）

4. final sentenceuses metaphorical language to

Illustrate a particular concept（阐明一个特定

概念）

参考阅读译文



文章 1：

持续的快乐是不存在的，因为快乐是短暂的，且人们对快乐的要求也会越来越高。

文章 2：

作者认为快乐不能刻意获得，而需要在不经意间得到。

6.长文章（insects’ study in Surinam苏里南的昆虫研究）

1. EXCEPTquestion

Gullible（轻信的）

2. Discussion ofM’s career supports

M’s research methods in Surinam were notas effective as her customary methods.（M

之前的研究方法在苏里南不奏效）

3. “scale”emphasizes

Dwarfed by the surroundings（受环境的阻

碍）

4. Work of ascientist is similar to

Detective（侦探）

5. Images serveto

Convey a setting（表达了一种背景）

6. Compare abutterfly to xxx is to

Illustrate the process（说明一个过程）

7. “ costume” isclever because

Convinces poisonous（说明是有毒的）

8. “casual” mostnearly means

Superficial（粗浅的）

9. “ great” mostnearly means

Eminent（杰出的）

10. Research inSurinam is more

Problematic（有问题的）

参考阅读译文

讲述一个自然学家在苏里南热带丛林中研究昆虫遇到的各种问题。之前的研究方法都不怎么

奏效，因为热带从林的各种物种更大更复杂，时间也难测定。

7.长对比（classical music古典乐）



1. Signs Indications（标志、迹象）

2. Both passagesfocus on

How classical music is regarded（对古典乐

的看法）

3. How dopassages differ

P2 supplies different perspectives（文章 2

从不同的角度看问题）

4. P1 reacts tofirst line in P2

Non-judgmental way of categorization

5. P2 Provides different opinion（提出不同观点）

6. Who is mostlike the unconverted?

Culturally literate（有文化的，受教育的）

7. What dolistings in magazines show?

Unfortunate dichotomy（不适当的一分为二

法）

8. Cult Pretentious（做作的）

9. Hold TVorchestras

Support（支持）

10. Quote in P2 Shows a specific oopinion about the topic（表达关于主题的具体观点）

11. Songs wereexample of something that was

Personally meaningful（对个人来说有意义

的）

12. Both passagestalk about

How people regard a specific type of music（人们如何看待特定类型的音乐）

13. Question aboutwhat would author of P2 say aboutdeath of classical music

Ongoing but not ominous（不间断但并非不

吉利）

14. Question withdiner mood or shoppers

No answer

(11) 2013.111.短文章 1（American songwriter美国作曲家）



1. First sentenceserves to

Reveal early passion for music（表明早期对

音乐的热爱）

2. Focus Approach to musical composition（音乐创作

的方式）

参考阅读译文

讲一个美国作曲家小时候就是大家眼中的音乐达人，继而讲了自己作曲的独特方式：尝试新

的拨弦方式或一个偶然开心的事就让自己有了灵感。

2.短文章 2（travel to another place到另一个地方旅行）

1. “sliding” and“unfurling”

Express a sense of motion（表达一种动感）

2. Centralcontrast is

Geography（地形）

参考阅读译文

作者讲述坐火车到另一个地方旅行的感受，喜欢做火车可以观赏窗外动感的风景及到当地地

理环境和自己家乡地理环境的对比。

3.长文章（gossip over the Internet因特网上的八卦）

1. Godkin Describe a prominent theory about oralgossip（描述口头八卦的重要理论）

2. Supreme court Emphasize the distinction between two（强

调再者的不同）

3. “ discounted”because

Are read only by a special community（只被

特定群体关注）

4. Matt Drudge Explore the complex effects of gossip incyberspace（分析八卦在网络世界产生的复

杂影响）

5. Parentheticalcomment（括号中的插入语）

Expand on a point made previously（对前面

的观点进步解释）

参考阅读译文

作者先讲述口头八卦影响力有限，被八卦的人不用当面听到自己的八卦也可以不承认或者通



过改变行为来证明八卦的不实，继而通过专家和法官来证明口头八卦对人们的影响力很小，

不值得做为批判对象。报纸上的八卦也只会被关注八卦的小报或特定人群关注，名人也可以

以一句我不对这种小报八卦回应来减小对其的影响。但是网络模糊了八卦新闻的界限，大报

也会因一个八卦专栏作家的八卦新闻的压力而对八卦新闻进行报道，这样就会产生公众关

注。

4.长文章（relationship between human and nature人与自然的关系）

1. Primarypurpose

Re-examination of how humans view plants（重新思考人类应该如何看待植物）

2. “long chain” Influence which plants will be grown（影响植

物生长的方法）

3. “ subject”most nearly means

Motive（动机者、主体）

4. Bee and appletree

Define a term through explanation（通过解

释说明一个术语）

5. “ advance”most nearly means

Promote（提升）

6. About author Experience a revelation（作者突然明白了一

个道理）

7. EXCEPTquestion

Appeal to authority（引用权威）

8. Author’sattitude

Inquisitive（探寻的）

参考阅读译文

作者通过花园种植物思考人和植物的关系：谁是控制另一方的主体，谁是受控制的客体。最

后通过思考蜜蜂和苹果花的共同进化，互相控制的过程联系到人和自然的关系也是互相选择

的。谈不上谁主导谁。最后提出一个问题：如果我们改变之前人类主导自然这种看待问题的

角度是不是世界会完全不同？

5.短对比（wind power风能）

1. Both agreesthat

Particularly scenic（尤其是风景美的地方）

2. Difference inthe approach

P1 propose an argument while P2 describes



an individual’s agenda（文章 1 提出自己观

点，文章 2描述个人的计划）

参考阅读译文

文章 1：

风能是解决能源危机的完美方案。不必要在风景最美或最荒野的地方，且风力涡轮机产生的

噪音也小很多干净很多。

文章 2：

一个激进主义者极力反对建立风电站，认为风电站又破坏生态又产生噪音。在一些空旷的平

原或农产建立还可以，但绝不可以在美丽的山区。

(12) 2013.121.短文章 1（ragtime music拉格泰姆乐）

1. Ragtimemusic和 sound的区别

Instrumental, vocal（乐器的和声音的）

2. tone Appreciation, enthusiasm（欣赏和热衷）

2.短文章 2（television电视）

1. overstatement 夸张

2. it was rightthere

Accessibility（可获得性）

3.短对比（meteorite流星）

1. rhetoricaldevice

兴奋

2. Both twopassages

Presented perspectives on a phenomenon（对一现象提出观点）

3. Author of P2would think statement on the ability ofthe molecules to be produced hotnaturally, but from heating as

Reasonable because it acknowledgescrucial information（合理的，因为它承认关

键信息）

4. “Proof” mostnearly means

Guarantee（确保）

阅读文章译文



文章 1暗示生命在分子中；文章 2认为其他行星也有分子不一定来自生物。

4.长文章（language语言）

1. Orallanguages are

Effective yet increasingly vulnerable（有效

但越来越脆弱）

2. “Apple pierecipes” served as an example of

Something passed down orally（口口相传

的内容）

3. “face” mostnearly means

Confront（面对）

4. The authormentioned two quotes to:

Support his points（支持他的观点）

5. Window wasclosing means

Languages are going extinct（语言即将消

失）

6. “ straight”most nearly means

Accurate（准确的）

7. Poetry Necessity for all people（对所有人来说都是

必要的）

5.长文章（maze in Garden花园中的迷宫）

1. His tersewords emphasized

His abruptness（唐突）

2. “pilgrimage”suggests

Importance（重要性）

3. The passagedescribed

A disappointing experience（令人失望的经

历）

4. What did hefeel when he first walked the maze

Self-discovery（探索自我）

5. Classicformula

Design（设计）

6. 一段话的目的 Convey emotion via relevant/irrelevant

阅读文章译文



讲述一个男人在一个花园一次令人失望的探险。

6.长对比（computer programming计算机编程）

1. P1’s authorviewed P2’s argument as

Overly cautious（过于小心）

2. How passage2 differed:

Detailed anecdotes（具体的个人故事）

3. “Original”most nearly means

Initial（原始最初的）

4. P2 attributesto computer

Zealous（热衷的）

5. Analogy 使用类比

阅读文章译文

文章 1：

认为孩子们绝对会从编程中学习而且他们会更擅长编程。

(13) 2012.031.短对比（neatness干净）

1. Both authorsassume orderliness and neatness arevirtues

两文作者都认为干净整齐是美德。

2. Reservationbecause

Messiness can cause a loss of time（因为

脏乱会浪费时间）

2.（Chaplin卓别林及其它文章）

1. Artisticvision…reality VS process…outcome

艺术视角…现实 VS过程…结果

2. Chaplin is aperfectionist

卓别林是一个完美主义者。

3. Evenhanded 公平的

4. Intergenerational connection

两代间的联系



5. Reflective 反思的

6. Aunt isdetailed, pays attention to detail

阿姨很详细，关注细节

7. Skeptical 怀疑的

8. Amplified the1st sentence

强化/详述第一句话

9. Poet polishessonnet

诗人美化十四行诗

10. Reserved 保守的，不说出想法的

11. Appearance 外表

12. Author 2challenges author 1

文章 2反驳文章 1的观点

13. Aunt is aninfluence on and a reflection of the girl

阿姨既对女孩产生影响又是女孩行为的反

应

14. “Acute” mostnearly means

Severe（严厉的）

15. Authordoesn’t identify with a specific culture

作者没有认同任何一种文化

16. Analogy isflawed

类比不够完美，有缺陷的

17. Electoralcollege represents wide variety ofvoters

总统选举团代表广泛选民

18. “accident“ most nearly means

Circumstances（偶然情况）

19. The numberstuck with me

Transition point（转折点）

20. Qualify a view 证实一个观点

21. Analyze faultsin the alternatives

分析各选项的不足



22. Alternatesystem

交替式系统

23. Respects theaunt though she is an embarrassmentto the family

尽管阿姨让家族蒙羞但依然尊敬她

24. Unrealisticexpectations

不现实的期望

25. Share culturalheritage

共同的文化遗产

26. Shift inpopular culture

在流行文化中发生转变

27. Possiblemisconception

可能的错误观念

28. Reaches ofspace are impossible to imagine

到达太空不可想象

29. “ parentheses“

Boundary（边界）

30. Reiterate apoint

重申一个观点

31. Electoralcollege impacts campaigns

总统选举团影响竞选

32. No solutionincluded

不包含解决方案

33. Distancebetween planets will remain the same

行星间的距离仍然一样

(14) 2012.06各文章题目及解析

1. Method orwhatever used in writing

不确实是

Analogous reasoning（类比推理）

Repetition（重复）

2. Grandma wasbeing adamant when she stood inplace

当奶奶接替那个位置时她很坚定



3. Grandma wasbeing a bully in the other one

奶奶在另一个中欺凌弱小

4. Similar thingin both passages

Faculty’s role

Coursework can lead to good civilcharacter（培训可以造就好的公民性格）

5. Assertionfollowed by comical anecdote

通过搞笑故事引出观点

6. Author 2answering a question by author 1

作者 2回答了作者 1的问题

7. Librarysensory details

图书馆的感觉细节

8. Ephemeralbut powerful

短暂但有力的

9. Firstparagraph provided context

首段提供背景

10. Adjust thepower instead of using maximumpower

调整力量而不是使用最大力量

11. Reflective butinformative

沉思但有指导性的

12. He bought abook electronically while sitting in alibrary

他坐在图书馆时通过电子方式买了本书

13. Author 2presents view; author 1 findsobjectionable

作者 2提出观点，作者 1对此有异议

14. Defining aquality

定义一种品质

15. One of thegirls was obedient

有一个女生顺从的

16. He tried tojustify his actions

他努力证明他的行为合理

17. Telescopepassage represented development

望远镜文章体现发展变化

18. Dialogueshifted to personal insults

对话转变为个人侮辱



19. The senatorslacked consensus

议员未达成一致

20. The indiangirls’ grandmother was commanding

印度女孩的奶奶很强势

(15) 2012.111.短对比（organic farming 有机耕作）

1. Frustratedbecause

Consumers should learn more aboutorganic framing（消费者应该更多了解有机

耕作）

2.长对比（fingerprints指纹）

1. Chaoticnature of crime scene

犯罪场景的混乱

2. Passage 2calls into question of the phpothesis ofthe last sentence in P1

文章 2质疑文章 1最后一句的假设。

3.长文章（glaciers冰川）

1. Towns andvillages are destitute

城镇和村庄都很贫穷

2. Line 25 inwhich talks about the changinglandscape of Boston

Best evidence（最好的证据）

4.长文章（Korean calligraphy韩国书法）

1. For theKorean one

The italicized line is simile（斜体字是类比）

2. Uncomfortable for brother

让哥哥感觉不舒服。

5.短文章（writing写作）

1. Importance ofhaving role model in writing

写作时有榜样的重要性

2. The journey isarduous

整个过程很辛苦费力。

6.长文章（Bach巴赫）

1. Measuredoptimism

适当的乐观



2. Wow factor Adds excitement（增加兴奋）

3. Describe achallenging event

描述一项让人挑战的事件

4. Leading himto admire Bach

让他崇拜巴赫

(16) 2012.121.短对比（professor教授）

1. Dramatichand gesture toward chest

夸张的指向胸口的手势

2. Professor andtoast was to explain anothercharacteristic

教授和敬酒是为了解释另一个特征

3. Respecttoward what he didn’t know/limitedknowledge

对他不知道的事情表示尊重/有限的知识

4. It was like anartist who did not care about whatother people think

Analogy（类比）

2.长文章（Pluto冥王星）

1. Celestialobjects

天体

2. What doesdeep mean?

Fundamental（根本的）

3. Describeissues of reclassification

描述重新分类的问题

4. Complacencyand apprehension or ostentatious tohumility

从自满到恐怖或者从夸耀到谦虚

5. Questionabout the merry-go-round

可能是 neatness

6. Purist Overly exacting（太严格）

7. Parenthesisaround

To clarify（括号目的是阐明）



8. Why did theauthor specify the date from plutodiscovery, 1930?

It was to emphasize how long it had been..

3.长对比（Nepotism裙带关系）

1. Articulate apractical understanding of the wordnepotism

详述要对这个词”裙带关系“有个实际的理解

2. Emphatic andconcerned

强调及关心的

3. As long as thebeneficiaries receive training andtools

只要获益者获得培训和工具

4. Bothpassages have underlyingassumptiosn that

两篇文章的根本观点是

5. Bothpassages mentioned economy andbeneficiary with almost equalemphasis

两篇文章对经济和获益人同样看重

4.长文章（creole/Caribbean culture克里奥尔人/加勒比海文化）

1. Explain theparadoxical nature of ignoring culture

解释忽视文化的相互矛盾性

2. Collectiveculture

集体文化

3. American TV Insidious influence（慢慢渗透的坏影响）

4. Aboutconfuse

No answer

5. Unflatteringreaction

明确的反应

6. Socialcriticism

社会批判

5.短文章（music音乐）

1. overstatement 夸张

2. flooding 水灾



5.短对比（linguistics语言学）

1. outdated 过时的

2. unthinkable 无法想象的

3. P1 explains aphilosophy something and passage 2expands on that

文章 1解释一种哲学而文章 2扩展这种哲学

观点

sat备考：6月sat考试阅读真题机经dl.keywin.org/f/c/fc1ebc362883a5c142ae384cf72eabb0.pdf ·...

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