Saudi Arabia

Acknowledgments

The (I)NDC Content Briefs were produced by the Climate Policy

Team of the World Bank Climate Change Group. The team was led

by Sebastian Wienges and Ana Bucher under the supervision of

Stephen Alan Hammer. Detail analysis of country (I)NDC was

provided by Tom Witt, Jiawei Song, Karan Chouksey (mitigation

components), Yin Qiu, Yunziyi Lang, and Prajwal Baral (adaptation

components). The team is grateful for all comments and

suggestions received from regional and sector specialists

regarding the presentation and synthesis of relevant information.

© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. Internet: www.worldbank.org

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Introduction      In response to a growing interest in understanding (Intended) Nationally DeterminedContributions ((I)NDCs) and with regard to the ultimate goal of supporting countries'implementation of their national climate targets, the World Bank Climate Policy Team (WB­CPT) has

reviewed all developing countries (I)NDCs' submitted to the UNFCCC. The (I)NDC Content Brief

aims to provide a summary analysis of existing and instead country mitigation and adaptation

policies and plans, commitments and targets, implementation strategies and sector priorities,

associated costs and conditionalities, and stated gaps and needs, among other issues. 

      The (I)NDC content briefs are created solely on the basis of information from submitted(I)NDCs and makes no inferences about robustness, quality, or viability of intended policiesor actions. 

The (I)NDCs review will help implementing organizations like the World Bank Group (WBG) identify

and familiarize with a range of country priorities in terms of sectoral engagement, and needs in

terms of capacity building, technology transfer, and financing. Based on this comprehensive

mapping exercise, the WBG will develop a useful, easy­to­use, and interactive database and briefs

of all (I)NDCs to inform a wide range of WBG initiatives and client engagement processes, including

the development of Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and Country Partnership Frameworks

(CPFs), and at a later stage respond to the more specific requests from all WBG Global Practices

(GPs), regions, and country units for the identification of potential development opportunities,

analytical studies and technical assistance to support countries' implementation of planned policies

and actions. In­depth summaries of (I)NDCs by sectors and regions will be prepared at a later stage. 

      In regards to Adaptation, although no global adaptation mechanism is established, the ParisAgreement parties are required to engage in adaptation planning and implementation of actions

which include preparation of adaptation plans. The Adaptation section of a large number of

submitted (I)NDCs, aims to increase development planning and scale the ability of countries to

adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse

gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten sustainable development. In

addition to requested finance, the implementation of country commitments is largely tied to

significant amounts of external assistance to support development and execution of adaptation

plans. Although subsequent (I)NDCs are not explicitly required to have an adaptation component,

the process will ensure increased resilience is recognized under the UNFCCC and climate finance

mobilization is enhanced with an aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation flows.

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Table of Contents

I Overall Planning and Preparation Process 

II  Mitigation

  Economy­wide Targets

  Economy­wide Policies

  Mitigation Actions and Policies

III  Adaptation

  Adaptation Targets

  Adaptation Context

  Adaptation Actions and Policies

Acronyms

BAU Business as Usual NAMA Nationally Appropriate MitigationActions

CIF­PPCR Climate Investment Funds ­ PilotProgram for Climate Resilience

NAP National Adaptation Plan

DRM Disaster Risk Management NAPA National Adaptation Programmesof Action

INDC Intended Nationally DeterminedContributions

REDD+ Reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forestdegradation and the role ofconservation, sustainablemanagement of forests andenhancement of forest carbonstocks in developing countries

LEDS Low Emission DevelopmentStrategy

LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Changeand Forestry

|

|

|

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Overall Planning and

Preparation Process

How reliable is the prioritization of the (I)NDC? How serious is thegovernment about implementing policies and actions to achieve the (I)NDCtargets?

Political decision of adoption of INDC at:Head of state level

Interministerial level

Parliament

Ministry Level

Technical development of INDC through a participatory processStakeholder involvement

Multisector commision

Have development benefits been assessed and considered in the planningprocess?

YES

Are there climate policies and actions already in place/under development?

LEDS

NAMAS

NAPA

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

$N/A

(in Billion USD)

TOTAL COST OF

IMPLEMENTATION (mitigation and adaptation)

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Existing policies:

Has the INDC development been supported by a development partner?Technical support

Financial support

Implementation Plans and Needs

Specific requests for international provision of means of implementation:

Technology Transfer YES

Financial support YES

Capacity Building YES

Does the INDC intend the private sector to be involved in theimplementation of the NDC?

Are carbon pricing/international market mechanisms intended?

Are there any barriers identified?

Link list:• Saudi Arabia INDC Factsheet (projected per capita emissions): http://www.climate­energy­college.net/files/site1/factsheets/SaudiArabia_INDCFactsheet_UoM­PRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf • Climate Action Tracker ­­ Saudi Arabia (assessment of Saudi Arabia's INDC):  http://climateactiontracker.org/countries/saudiarabia.html

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

-130 MtCO2e annually by 2030

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Mitigation

ECONOMY-WIDE TARGETS

Conditionality: INDC page link

Unconditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:

Coverage of Gases:

Other Targets:

POLICIES:

Energy efficiency standards in the transport sector

Energy efficiency standards in the building sector

TARGET YEAR

2030TARGET TYPE

-130Absolute Emission Reduction

Compared to BAU (MtCO2eq peryear)

N/A(in Billion USD)

COST OFIMPLEMENTATION

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

RENEWABLE

ENERGYPlans: INDC page link

Increased share of renewables including solar PV, solar thermal, wind andgeothermal energy and waste to energy systems

P. 3

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Emission reduction potential:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

CCSPlans: INDC page link

Plans to build the world’s largest carbon capture and use plant P. 3

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Emission reduction potential:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

GASPlans: INDC page link

Increased investments on exploring and producing natural gas

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Emission reduction potential:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

GAS FLARINGPlans: INDC page link

Conserve, recover and reuse hydrocarbon resources and minimize flaringand fugitive emissions

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Emission reduction potential:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

DEMAND-SIDE

EFFICIENCY:

BUILDINGS

Policies: INDC page link

Energy efficiency standards in the building sector

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Emission reduction potential:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESTRANSPORT

Policies: INDC page link

Energy efficiency standards in the transport sector

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Emission reduction potential:

Plans:

Transport: General

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

N/A

N/A

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Adaptation

ADAPTATION TARGETS

ADAPTATION CONTEXT

Existing National Development/Resilience Policies and Plans

National Communications

NAPs

NAPAS

CIF-PPCRs

Sectoral Strategies

Cross-cutting

Conditionality:

Unconditional part of adaptation implementation

Conditional part of adaptation implementation

Conditional upon international provision of meansof implementation

YES

TARGET YEAR

2030N/A

(in Billion USD)

COST OFIMPLEMENTATION

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:water saving, recycling, capture, irrigation andsustainable management for agriculturepurposes

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WATER

WATER SUPPLY

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Develop and implement plans that will harness new sources of freshwater,construct additional dams for collection of drinking water and recharging ofaquifers

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

WATER

MANAGEMENTActions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Implement actions that will promote and encourage the reduction, recycleand reuse of water and wastewater in the municipal, industrial andcommercial sectors

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:early warning system against meteorologicalextreme events (such as floods, storms anddroughts

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

DISASTER RISK

MANAGEMENT (DRM)

EARLY WARNING

SYSTEM

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Develop and operationalize EWS that would reduce vulnerability due toextreme weather events such as rainstorms, floods and dust storms

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

LULUCF/FORESTRY

SUSTAINABLE

LAND

MANAGEMENT

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Support actions that will promote the stabilization of sand movementsaround cities and roads, while increasing sinks for capacity throughusing green belts as barriersDevelop and enhance arid and semi-arid rural areas through variousnatural resource conservation activities, biodiversity and eco-systembased adaptation efforts

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

COASTAL ZONE

COASTAL

MANAGEMENT

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Implement coastal management strategies that are designed to reducecoastal erosion, increase the sinks for blue carbon, maintain relatedecosystems and address the threats that climate change poses for marinelivelihoodsIn addition, strengthen and enhance the coral reef restoration programthroughout the northwestern Arabian GulfIntegrated coastal zone management planning (ICZM)

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

MANGROVESActions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Support the planting of mangrove seedlings along its coasts

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:

Capacity Building: n/a

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | Saudi Arabia | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

TRANSPORT

SUSTAINABLE

TRANSPORT

PLANNING

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Encourage actions that promote the development and use of masstransport systems in urban areasTake the necessary actions to expedite the development of the metrosystem in Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group