se yin htone 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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rmwdum
pmrsufemTef;csuf u-ps
1/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf ESifY jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme 1
2/The Chief Justice of the Vs Ministry of Home Affairs 23
Union
3/ trsdK;om;vTwfawmf ESifh jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEkdifiHawmf 37
udk,fpm;vS,f
a'gufwmat;armifyg(23)OD;
4/ 23 representatives of the Vs The Republic of the Union of 63
Amyotha Hluttaw Myanmar
including Dr. Aye Maung
5/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;Oya' 83
6/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;enf;Oya'rsm; 101
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Tef;csuf
pmrsufESmqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfujynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme?
taxGaxG tkyfcsKyfa&; OD;pD;XmerSNrdKUe,fcG J
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;tm;jypfrI qdkif&m w&m;pD&ifa&;
tmPmtyfESif;ygu jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrm
EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfrI
&Sdr&Sd/
qkH;jzwfcsuf/ / jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJU pnf;ykH
tajccHOya' (2008 ckESpf)? tcef; (1) EdkifiHawmf
tajccHrlrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif; jy|mef;xm;onf-
yk'fr11(u)/ EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\ cufr
okH;jzmjzpfonfhOya'jyKa&;tmPm?
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESifhw&m; pD&ifa&;
tmPmwdk Yudk wwfEdkiforQ yd kif;jcm;
okH;pGJjcif; ESifhtcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef
xdef;ausmif;jcif; wdkYjyKonf/
xk d YtwlEd ki fi Hawmf\Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudkcGJa0tyfESif; ykHESifhpyfvsOf;vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmf
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk cGJa0tyfESif;ykHESifh pyfvsOf;
vnf;aumif;? Ed kifiHawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudk
cGJa0tyfESif;ykHESifh pyfvsOf;vnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmf
tajccHrlrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif; oD;jcm;jy|mef;
xm;onf-
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pmrsufESm
Tef;csuf
yk'fr12(u)/ EdkifiHawmf\Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk
jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;
vTwfawmfESifh jynfe,f vTwfawmfrsm;tm;cG Ja0 tyfESif;onf/ ud k,fyd ki f
tkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; zGJUpnf;ykH
tajcc H Oya'uowfr Sw faom
Oya'jyKa&; tmPmud k c G Ja0tyf
ESif;onf/yk'fr17(u)/ Ed ki fi Hawm ftky fc s Ky fa&;tmPmud k
jynfaxmifp k ? wd ki f ;a'oBuD;E Si f h
jynfe,frsm;tm; cG Ja0tyfESif;onf/
udk,fyd kif tkyfcsKyfcGif h& pD&ifpkrsm;tm;
udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmudk zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya't& owfrSwf
ay;onfhtwdkif; cGJa0tyfESif;onf/
yk'fr18(u)/ EdkifiHawmf\ w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmudk
jynfaxmifp kw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf ?
wd ki f;a'oBuD; w&m;vTwfawmfrsm;?jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;ESifh udk,fydkif
tkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpk w&m;kH;rsm; tygt0if
tqifhqifhaomw&m;kH;rsm;tm; cGJa0
tyfESif;onf/
txufazmfjyygjy|mef;csufrsm;t& EdkifiHawmf\Oya'jyKa&;tmPm?tkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;
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Tef;csuf
pmrsufESmtmPmrsm;udk ydkif;ydkif;jcm;jcm;okH;pGJ aqmif&GufEdkif&ef twGuf
wdwdususowfrSwfjy|mef; xm;aMumif;jrifom xif&Sm;
onf/xyfrHqkH;jzwfcsuf/ / wyfrawmfydkif;qdkif&mw&m;pD&ifa&;
ESifhzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;
onfh w&m;pD&ifa&; wdkYudkvnf; oD;jcm;usifhokH; aqmif&Guf
Edkif&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;wGif atmufyg twdkif;
jy|mef;xm;onf-yk'fr 20(c)/ wyfrawmfonfwyfydkif;qdkif&mudptm;
vkH;udk vGwfvyfpGm pDrHcefYcGJpD&if aqmif
&GufydkifcGifh&Sdonf/
yk'fr46/ zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya'ygjy|mef;csuf
rsm;ud k teuft"dy g,fzGif hqd k jcif;?jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;
vTwfawmfrsm;ESifh jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;
ujy|me f ;onf h Oya'r s m ;onf
vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;
rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkrsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrIqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;
\aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; onfvnf;aumif;?
EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh
nDGwfrI&Sdr&Sd pdppfjcif;? jynfaxmifpkESifh
wdkif;a'oBuD; tMum;? jynfaxmifpkESifhjynfe,ftMum;? wdkif;a'oBuD; tcsif;csif;?
(*)
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pmrsufESm
Tef;csuf
jynfe,ftcsif;csif;? wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fESifh udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpk
tMum;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf cGifh&pD&ifpktcsif;csif; jzpfay:onfh EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccH Oya'qdkif&m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk
Mum;em qkH;jzwfjcif;ESifh zGJUpnf;ykH tajccH
Oya'utyfESif;onfhtjcm;wm0efrsm;
aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk jyKEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckHkH;wpfkH;udk
zGJUpnf;&rnf/
okdYjzpf&m EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\ cufr
okH;jzmwdkY teufw&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudktjcm;aom
Oya'jyKa&; tmPm?tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmwdkYESifh cGJjcm;usifhokH;&ef jzpfayonf/
xyfrHqkH;jzwfcsuf/ / jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya't& owfrSwfxm;aom w&m;kH;
tqifhqifhwGif,if;Oya't& usifhokH;aqmif&GufcGifhay;xm;
onfhw&m;olBuD;rsm;uom oufqdkif&mu@tvdkuf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudkusifhokH;Mu&rnfjzpfaMumif; atmufazmfjyyg
jy|mef;csufrsm;t& odomxif&Sm;aeayonf-
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yk'fr317/ jynfaxmifpkwpf0ef;
vkH;wGif w&m;pD&ifa&; qdkif&mudp t00udk
zG J Upnf;yk HtajccHOya't& jzpfap?tjcm;Oya' wpf&yf&yft& jzpfap
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Tef;csuf
pmrsufESmzGJUpnf;onfh w&m;kH;rsm;wGif Oya'ESifh
tnDcefYxm;aomw&m;olBuD;rsm;u
pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf/jynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'yk'fr64/ jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
cGifh&wdkif;w&m;kH;rsm;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
cGifh&a'o w&m;kH;rsm;? cdkifw&m;kH;rsm;?
NrdKUe,f w&m;k H;rsm;ESif h Oya't&wnfaxmifaom tjcm; w&m;kH;rsm; wGif
w&m;olBuD;tjzpf aqmif&Guf&ef w&m;
a&;t&m&Sdrsm;tm;pD&ifydkifcGifhtmPm
t&yf&yfudk tyfESif;jcif;? wm0ef0w&m;rsm;
owfrSwfay;jcif; jyKvkyf&rnf/txufygtaMumif;rsm;aMumifhjynfaxmifpkorw
jrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya'tcef;(1)? EdkifiHawmf
tajccHrlrsm;ygjy|mef;csufrsm;t& Oya'jyKa&;tmPm?
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPm ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPm rsm;udkydkif;jcm;
okH;pGJ&rnfjzpfNyD; w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudk usifhokH;rnfhw&m;k H;tqif hqif hE Si fh w&m;olBuD;rsm; cefYxm;a&;
ESifhpyfvsOf;vnf; wdwdusus owfrSwfjy|mef;xm;NyD;
jzpfonfh tavsmuf jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme? taxGaxG
tkyfcsKyfa&; OD;pD;XmerSNrdKUe,fcGJ tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;tm;
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmtjyif w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmudkygtyf
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pmrsufESm
Tef;csuf
ESif;rnfqdkygujynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifhnDGwfrI&Sdrnfr[kwfay/
jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf ESifh jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme
wdkif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf jynfe,fwd kif;&if;om;vlrs dK;
a&;&m0efBuD;onf oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;ESifhtqifhwlnDjcif;&Sdr&Sd
ESifh wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;wdkY\csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifhtaqmifta,mifrsm; twdkif;
cHpm;cGifh &Sdr&Sd/
qkH;jzwfcsuf/ jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;
ykH tajccHOya' yk'fr 48 wGif atmufygtwdkif;jy|mef;
xm;onf-
48/ EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;onfOya'jyK vTwfawmf
rsm;u Oya'jy|mef;&mwGif vnf;aumif;? zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'ESifh tjcm;Oya'rsm;ygjy|mef;csufrsm;
udkoufqdkif&mu teuft"dyg,fzGifhqdk&mwGif vnf;
aumif;? vdkufem&rnfhvrf;Tefrsm;jzpfonf/
txufygjy|mef;csuft& zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh
tjcm;Oya'rsm;yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk teuft"dyg,f zGifhqdk
&mwGif EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;onf vdkufem&rnfh vrf;Tef
csufrsm;yifjzpfonf/ zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tcef;(1)
EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; yk'fr 15 wGif oufqdkif&m
1
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Tef;csuf
pmrsufESmwdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fwdkY\ Oya'jyKa&;wGif
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk yg0ifcGifh jyKxm;
ouJhokdY ,if;Oya'yk'fr 17 yk'frcGJ(*)jy|mef;csufwGifvnf;oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\
tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&mrsm;udk aqmif&Guf
Edkifa&;twGufwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk
yg0ifcGifhjyKxm;onf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg tajccHrlrsm;udkvrf;Teftjzpf vdkufemusifhokH; EdkifiHawmforwu
trdefYtrSwf 23^2011 wGifjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU
Oya'yk'fr 19 yk'frcGJ(*) wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;rsm;[laomjy|mef;csufudk &nfTef;azmfjyvsuf
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;udk cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;onf wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;udk oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f 0efBuD;rsm;ESifhtqif hwl owfrSwf trdefY
xkwfjyefcefYtyfwm0efay;jcif; jzpfonf/
okdYjzpfay&m zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yk'fr 262ygjy|mef;csufrsm; twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;ygu oufqdkif&m
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,fwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; a&;&m
0efBuD;rsm;onf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU Oya' yk'fr 19
yk'frcGJ(*) wGif jy|mef;xm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&m
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD; tqifh&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf[kcdkifrmpGm aumuf,lqkH;jzwf&rnfjzpfonf/
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pmrsufESm
Tef;csuf
xyfrHqkH;jzwfcsuf/ / jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;ykH tajccH Oya'yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ (i)? (p) ESifh (q)
jy|mef;csufrsm; wGifvnf;aumif;? ,if;Oya' yk'fr262yk'frcGJ(Z)jy|mef;csufwGifvnf;aumif;?jynfaxmifpktpdk;&
tzGJUOya'yk'fr19 yk'frcGJ(*)jy|mef;csufwGif vnf;aumif;?
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;& tzGJUOya'yk'fr
10 yk'frcGJ (u) yk'frcGJi,f(2)jy|mef;csufwGifvnf;aumif;
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;rsm;udk oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf twd
tvif;jy|mef; owfrSwfxm;onfh tjyiftrsdK;om;nDvmcH
pkHnD tpnf;ta0;u csrSwfxm;onfh tao;pdwf tajccHrl
rsm; &SdaeNyD;jzpfygvsuf wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifhtaqmifta,mif
rsm;qdkif&mOya' yk'fr 5 ESifh yk'fr 17 wdkYwGif wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;ESifhrwlcGJjcm;umwdkif;&if;om;
vlrs dK ;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;\ cHpm;cGi fhud k oD;jcm;jy|mef;
owfrSwfxm;jcif;rSm zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfjcif;
&Sdrnfr[kwfay/
xyfrHqkH;jzwfcsuf/ / zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' yk'fr 198
yk'frcGJ(u) wGif atmufygtwdkif;jy|mef;xm;onf-
198/ vTwfawmftqifhqifhESifh udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGifh&
pD&ifpk OD;pD;tzGJUrsm;ujy|mef;onfhOya'rsm;\ tusdK;
oufa&mufrIrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf-
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Tef;csuf
pmrsufESm(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;
vTwfawmf? jynfe,fvTwfawmf? udk,fyd kif
tkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif; OD;pD;tzGJUokdYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o OD;pD;tzGJUujy|mef;
vdkufonfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuf wpf&yf&yf
onfvnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya' wpf&yf&yf
onfvnf;aumif;? zG J Upnf;yk HtajccH
Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ygtwdkif;
vdkufemusifhokH;&rnf/
txufygtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh
taqmifta,mifrsm;qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 5 ESifh yk'fr 17ygjy|mef;csufrsm;onf jynfaxmifpkorw jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;yk HtajccH Oya'yk'fr 262 ygjy|mef;csufrsm;t&
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfjcif;r&Sd[k qkH;jzwf&rnf
jzpfonf/
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf ESifh jynfaxmifpkorwukd,fpm;vS,f jrefrmEkdifiHawmf
a'gufwmat;armifyg(23)OD;
37
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1
2011 ckESpf? wifoGif;vTmtrSwf-1
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHkH;Ou| OD;odef;pdk;?
tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfBuaom a'gufwmwifatmifat;? a':cifvSjrifY? OD;xGef;Bunf?OD;pdk;odef;? OD;cifxGef;? OD;qef;jrifY? OD;jrifYBudKifESifY a':rdrd&DwdkYa&SUwGif
jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifY
jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfujynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme? taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmerSNrdKUe,fcGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;tm;jypfrIqdkif&mw&m;
pD&ifa&;tmPmtyfESif;ygu jynfaxmifpkorw jrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'ESifhnDGwfrI&Sdr&Sd/
qkH;jzwfcsuf/ / jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'(2008ckESpf)? tcef;(1) EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif;jy|mef;xm;onf-
yk'fr11(u)/ EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\cufrokH;jzmjzpfonfh
Oya'jyKa&;tmPm? tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESifY w&m;pD&ifa&;
tmPmwdkYudk wwfEdkiforQ ydkif;jcm;okH;pGJjcif;ESifY tcsif;
csif; tjyeftvSef xdef;ausmif;jcif;wdkYjyKonf/
xk dYtwlEdkifiHawmf\ Oya'jyKa&;tmPmud k cG Ja0tyfESif;
ykHESifYpyfvsOf;vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudkcGJa0
tyfESif;ykHESifY pyfvsOf;vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudk
cGJa0tyfESif;ykHESifY pyfvsOf; vnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;wGif
atmufygtwdkif; oD;jcm;jy|mef;xm;onf-
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2
yk'fr12(u)/ EdkifiHawmf\Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudkjynfaxmifpkvTwf
awmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfESifYjynfe,fvTwfawmf
rsm;tm; cG Ja0tyfESif;onf/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifY&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'u owfrSwfaom
Oya'jyKa&; tmPmudk cGJa0tyfESif;onf/
yk'fr17(u)/ EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudkjynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;
ESifYjynfe,frsm;tm;cGJa0tyfESif;onf/ udk,fydkiftkyf
csKyfcGifY&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudkzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfay;onfhtwdkif;
cGJa0tyfESif;onf/
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w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfESif Y w&m;vTwfawmfwdk Y\ pD&ifydkifcGifYwdk Yud komjy|mef;owfrSwfcJhojzifY tjcm;vufatmufcHw&m;kH;rsm;rSm ,ciftwdkif;yif
qufvuf wnf&SdcJ honf/ a'oqdkif&m &mZ0wfw&m;kH;rsm;wGif
&mZ0wfw&m; pD&ifa&;ESifY pyfvsOf; &mZ0wfusifYxkH; Oya'yk'fr 6 t&
atmufazmfjyyg w&m;kH;rsm; udkzGJUpnf;xm;onf-
(1) puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;kH;?(2) &mbufpuf&Sifw&m;olBuD;kH;?
(3) yxrwef;tmPm&&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH;?
(4) 'kwd,wef;tmPm&&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH;?
(5) wwd,wef;tmPm&&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH;/
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xdkpOfu&mZ0wftmPmudkw&m;olBuD;rsm;tjyif taxGaxG
tkyfcsKyfa&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; tmPmtyfESif; yl;wGJxrf;aqmifapcJhojzifY
atmufazmfjyygtwdkif;&mxl;tvdkufwm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhMuonf-(1) cdkif0ef - cdkif&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;?
(2) NrdKUr0efaxmuf - &mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;?
(3) tcGef0ef - &mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;?
(4) aiGwdkuf0efaxmuf- NrdKUr&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;?
(5) e,fydkif0efaxmuf - e,fydkif&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;?(6) NrdKUydkif - NrdKUe,f&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;?
(7) vufaxmufNrdKUydkif- &mbufNrdKUe,f&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;/
&mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH;rsm;taejzifY uGJjym;rI&Sdap&ef
1&mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH;? 2&mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH;?
3 &mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;kH; ponfjzifY owfrSwfay;xm;onf/tqdkyg &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;rsm;\ pD&ifydkifcGifYtmPmrsm;
udk&mZ0wfusifYxkH;Oya'yk'fr 31 ESifY 32 wdkYt&vnf;aumif;? yxrwef;
tmPm&&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;rsm;teuf oifYavsmfaom w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm;
&mZ0wfusifYxkH;Oya'yk'fr 260 t& tusOf;enf;ppfaq;pD&ifydkifcGifY
tmPmudkvnf;aumif;? &mZ0wfusifYxkH;Oya'yk'fr30t&ao'PfpD&ifEd kifaomjypfrIrsm;rSty tjcm;aomjypfrItm;vkH;udk ppfaq;pD&if
ydkifcGifYtxl;tmPmudk vnf;aumif;tyfESif;ay;cJhonf/ xdkacwfxdktcgu
&mZ0wfw&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmudkw&m;olBuD;rsm;omrutkyfcsKyfa&;
t&m&Sdrsm;uyg yl;wGJusifYokH; aqmif&GufcJhMuaMumif;awGU&Sd&onf/
tajctaewGiftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;0efxrf;rsm;tm; &mZ0wf
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;udk &mZ0wfusifYxk H; Oya't&tyfESif;um
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tkyfcsKyfa&; wm0efESifY&mZ0wfw&m;pD&ifa&;wm0efrsm;udk yl;wGJ xrf;
aqmifapjcif;onf 1947 ckESpf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya' ESifY
nDTwfrI r&Sd[kqdkEdkifrnfr[kwfaMumif;atmufazmfjyyg jy|mef;csufrsm;uTefjyaeayonf-
yk'fr133/ jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHw0ef;vkH; w&m;pD&ifa&;udpudk
tajccHOya't&aomfif;?w&m;Oya't& aomfif;?
wnfaxmifxm;aomw&m;kH;rsm;wGif? tajccH Oya'
ESifYtnD? okdYwnf;r[kwf w&m;Oya' ESifYtnDcefYxm;aomw&m;olBuD;rsm;u pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnf/
yk'fr150/ tajccHOya't& cefYxm;aom w&m;olBuD;aomfif;?
wnfaxmifxm;aomw&m;kH;aomfif;? r[kwf apumrl?
uefYowfxm;onfhw&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m tvkyf0w&m;
rsm;udkjzpfap?tmPmrsm;udkjzpfap?okH;pGJaqmif&Gufap&ef w&m;Oya'jzifYusepGmvTJtyfjcif;cH&aomol\
okdYwnf;r[kwf tzGJU\okH;pGJaqmif&GufrI cdkifvkHjcif;
&Sdonfudk tajccHOya'&Sd rnfonfh jy|mef;csufurQ
ysufjy,fatmifrjyK&/
1962ckESpf? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDu EdkifiHawmftmPm t&yf&yfudkvJGajymif;&,ltkyfcsKyfonfhtcg ,cif&SdcJhaom w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfESifY
w&m;vTwfawmfwdkYudk &yfpJNyD; EdkifiHawmf w&m;kH;csKyfudkzGJUpnf;cJhonf/
wnfqJw&m;kH;tqifYqifYudkrl ,cif twdkif; xm;&SdcJhonf/ 1972ckESpf?
Mo*kwfv 7 &uf aeYrS pwifjynfholw&m;pD&ifa&;pepf taumif
txnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhojzifY atmufygw&m;kH;rsm; ay:aygufvmonf-
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(1) jynfe,f wdkif;jynfolUw&m;kH;?
(2) NrdKUe,fjynfolUw&m;kH;?
(3) &yfuGuf aus;&GmtkyfpkjynfolUw&m;kH;/
jynfolUw&m;kH;tqifYqifYwGifoufqdkif&mw&m;a&; aumfrwD
ua&G;cs,fay;aomyk*dKvfrsm;tm; w&m;a&;0efBuD;XmeujynfolU
w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf trdefYaMumfjimpm xkwfjyefcefYtyfcJhonf/ ,if;okdY
cefYtyfcH&aomjynfolU w&m;kH;tzGJU0ifrsm;jzifY tzGJU0if(3)OD;pD yg0ifaom
jynfolUw&m;pD&ifa&;tzGJUrsm;udk oufqdkif&m w&m;a&;aumfrwDu
vdktyfovdkzGJUpnf;ay;NyD; &mZ0wftmPmrsm;udk atmufygtwdkif;
cGJa0tyfESif;cJhonf-
(1) jynfe,f wdkif;jynfolUw&m;kH;-puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;
tmPm?
(2) NrdKUe,fjynfolUw&m;kH;-txl;&mZ0wftmPmESifYtxl;w&m; olBuD;tmPm?
(3) &yfuGufESifYaus;&Gmtkyfpkw&m;kH;- wwd,wef;ESifY
'kwd,wef;&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;tmPm/
okd YjzifY rlvcefYtyfxm;aomw&m;olBuD;rsm;ESif YtkyfcsKyf
a&;0efxrf;rsm;rSm w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifYtmPmr&SdawmhbJ vlwef;pm; tvTmpkHrS
yk*dKvfrsm;udkjynfolUw&m;kH;tzGJU0if rsm;tjzpfcefYtyf wm0efay;jcif;
jzifYjynfolUw&m;udk jynfolpD&ifapcJhonf/
1974ckESpfwGifjynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpforw jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' ay:aygufvmonf/ jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpf
orwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yk'fr96jy|mef;csuft&
atmufyg w&m;olBuD;tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcJhonf-
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(1) jynfolUw&m;olBuD;tzGJU?
(2) jynfe,fw&m;olBuD;tzGJU? wdkif;w&m;olBuD;tzGJU?
(3) NrdKUe,fw&m;olBuD;tzGJU?(4) &yfuGufw&m;olBuD;tzGJU^aus;&Gmtkyfpkw&m;olBuD;tzGJU/
jynfolUw&m;olBuD;tzGJU? jynfe,f wdkif;w&m;olBuD; tzGJUESifYNrdKUe,f
w&m;olBuD;tzGJUrsm;onfjypfrIqdkif&mtrIrsm;wGif Oya't& cGifYjyKxm;aom
jypf'Pftm;vkH;udkpD&ifEdkifonf/ &yfuGuf aus;&Gm tkyfpkw&m;olBuD;tzGJU
onfjypfrIqdkif&mtrIrsm;wGif axmif'Pf 1v txd?okdYr[kwf aiG'Pfusyfig;q,f txdokdYr[kwf jypf'PfESpf&yfvkH;udk pD&ifEdkifonf/ ,if;
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't&qdkvQif w&m;pD&if a&;tmPmudk Oya'jzifYjy|mef;
zGJUpnf;xm;onfh w&m;olBuD; tzGJUrsm;uomoD;jcm; udkifwG,fusifYokH;Mu
aMumif;jrifomonf/
okdYjzpf&m1974ckESpfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;onf,cif 1947ckESpf zGJ Upnf;tkyfcsKyfyk H tajccHOya'ESifY rwlawmhbJ
tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifY w&m;pD&ifa&;udk ydkif;jcm;xrf;aqmifapcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
tkyfcsKyfa&;wm0efudk0efBuD;tzGJUESifYjynfolUaumifpD tqifYqifY&Sd tvkyf
trIaqmiftzGJUrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? w&m;pD&ifa&; wm0efudkjynfolU
w&m;olBuD;tzGJUESifYa'oqdkif&mw&m;olBuD;tzGJU tqifYqifYwdkYtm;vnf;aumif; oD;jcm;wm0efay;tyfcJhonf/
1988ckESpf? pufwifbmv18&ufaeYwGif EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rI
wnfaqmufa&;tzGJUu Ed kifiHawmftmPmt&yf&yfudk vkH;0wm0ef,l
vdkufNyD; EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU aMumfjimcsuf trSwf
2^88 udkxkwfjyefum 1974ckESpf? zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& wnf&SdcJhaomEdkifiHawmftmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;tqifYqifYudkzsufodrf; cJhonf/ 1988ckESpf?
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pufwifbmv 26 &ufaeYwGif w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'udk jy|mef;cJh NyD;
,if;Oya'ESifYtnD w&m;kH;csKyfESifY w&m;kH; tqifYqifYudkatmufyg
twdkif;zGJUpnf;cJhonf-(1) w&m;kH;csKyf?
(2) jynfe,f okdYr[kwf wdkif;w&m;kH;?
(3) NrdKUe,fw&m;kH;/
w&m;kH;csKyfujynfe,f wdkif;w&m;a&; OD;pD;rSL;rsm;udkjynfe,f
wdkif;w&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf vnf;aumif;? wGJzufjynfe,f wdkif;w&m;a&;
OD;pD;rSL;rsm;udkwGJzufjynfe,f wdkif;w&m;olBuD;rsm; tjzpfvnf;aumif;?
w&m;a&;0efxrf; tqifY(1)rsm;udk 'kwd,jynfe,f wdkif;w&m;olBuD;
rsm; tjzpfvnf;aumif;? w&m;a&; 0efxrf;tqifY(2)rsm;udk vufaxmuf
jynfe,f wdkif;w&m;olBuD;rsm; tjzpfvnf;aumif;? w&m;a&;0efxrf;
tqifY(3)rsm;udkNrdKUe,fw&m;olBuD;? wGJzufNrdKUe,fw&m;olBuD;rsm; tjzpf
vnf;aumif;? w&m;a&;0efxrf; tqifY(4)rsm;udk 'kwd,NrdKUe,f
w&m;olBuD;rsm; tjzpfvnf;aumif; cefYtyfcJhonf/ jypfrIqdkif&mrIcif;rsm;ESifY
pyfvsOf; jynfe,f wdkif;w&m;olBuD;rsm;? wGJzufjynfe,f^wdkif;w&m;
olBuD;rsm;? 'kwd,jynfe,f^ wdkif;w&m;olBuD;rsm;? vufaxmuf
jynfe,f wd kif;w&m;olBuD;rsm;ud k puf&Sifw&m;olBuD;\pD&ifydkifcGif Y
tmPmrsm; tyfESif;cJhonf/ NrdKUe,ftqifY w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; vkyf&nf
udkif&nfESifY uRrf;usifrItay: rlwnf&mxl;tqifYtvdkuf pD&ifydkifcGifYrsm;
tyfESif;cJhonf/
EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifY zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDvufxuf
wGif 2000jynfhESpf w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya't& w&m;kH;rsm;udk atmufyg
twdkif;jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJhonf-
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(1) w&m;kH;csKyf?
(2) jynfe,fokdYr[kwf wdkif;w&m;kH;?
(3) cdkifw&m;kH;?
(4) NrdKUe,fw&m;kH;/
w&m;kH;csKyfonfjynfe,fokdYr[kwf wdkif;w&m;kH;? cdkifw&m;kH;
ESifYNrdKUe,f w&m;kH;rsm;udkjypfrIqdkif&mESifY w&m;rrIrsm; ppfaq;pD&ifEdkif
&efpD&ifydkifcGifYudk owfrSwfay;cJhonf/
okdYaom tajctaewGifjrefrmEdkifiH\ w&m;pD&ifa&; ordkif;aMumif;
udkjyefajymif;okH;oyfMunfhvQif vGwfvyfa&;&&SdNyD;aemuf 1947 ckESpf zGJU
pnf;tkyfcsKyfykHtajccHOya't& tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifY w&m; pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;udk
yl;wGJusifYokH;cJhonfudk awGU&Sd&aomfvnf; awmfvSefa&; aumifpDvufxuf
jynfolUw&m;pD&ifa&; pepfopfwGif vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,f
vpforwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfumv wGifvnf;aumif;? tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESifY
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;udk cGJjcm;owfrSwfaqmif&GufcJhaMumif;awGU&Sd&
onf/
1988ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJU
uEdkifiHawmftmPmt&yf&yfudk vkH;0wm0ef,lvdkufNyD;aemufwGifjy|mef;cJhonfh 1988ckESpf w&m;pD&ifa&;Oya'ygjy|mef;csuftcsdKUudk taxmuftxm;
jyKNrdKUe,fcGJtqifY tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;udk vdktyfaom a'orsm;wGif
jypfrIqdkif&mpD&ifydkifcGifYtmPmrsm; tyfESif;cJhonf/ txl;ojzifY 1988ckESpf
w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'yk'fr11jy|mef;csuft& w&m;kH;csKyfu,if;uJhokdY
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPm tyfESif;jcif;jzpfaMumif;awGU&onf/
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xkdYtwlyif EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESif YzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpD
vufxufwGifvnf; w&m;kH;csKyfu 2000jynfhESpf w&m;pD&ifa&; Oya'
yk'fr 13 jy|mef;csufudk taxmuftxm;jyKNrdKUe,fcGJ tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;udk&mbuf&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;rsm;tjzpf pD&if ydkifcGifYtmPmrsm; tyfESif;
cJhaMumif; awGU&onf/ xdkuJhokdY EdkifiHawmf w&m;kH;csKyfupD&ifydkifcGifY
tmPmrsm;tyfESif;cJhonfh om"utay: tajcjyKjynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xmeu
25-5-2011 &ufpGJyg pmtrSwf? yx& ^1-7(417)^a&;2 pmjzifYNrdKUe,fcGJ
tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifa&;0efxrf; tjzpfowfrSwfyxrwef;w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmtyfESif;ay;&ef jynfaxmifpkw&m;
vTwfawmfcsKyfokdY ndEIdif;taMumif;Mum;vmjcif;jzpfonf/
wGif EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifYzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpD vufxuf
w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmtyfESif;Edkifonfh tajctaeESifY ,ckjynfaxmifpk
orwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' twnfjzpfNyD;aemufw&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmtyfESif;Edkifonfh tajctaewdkYrSm wlnDjcif;r&Sdonfudk
owdjyK&efvdkayonf/
jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xmeu taxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;XmeNrdKUe,f
cGJtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;tm; w&m;pD&ifa&; tmPmtyfESif;ay;&efjynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfokdY ndEIdif;taMumif;Mum;vmonfh tcsdefwGifjynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' (2008ckESpf) udk twnfjyK
jy|mef;NyD;EdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;wGif tmPmwnfNyD;jzpfonf/ xkd YaMumifY
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf\ wifoGif;csuftay:oabmxm;
jyefMum;&mwGif jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEd kifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yk HtajccH
Oya'(2008ckESpf) ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESif YtnDpdppfoabmxm;jyefMum;&efjzpfonf/
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jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifi Hawmf zGJ Upnf;ykHtajccHOya'
(2008ckESpf)?tcef;(1) EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif;
jy|mef;xm;onf-yk'fr11(u)/ EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\cufrokH;jzmjzpfonfh
Oya'jyKa&;tmPm? tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESifYw&m;pD&if
a&;tmPmwdkYudk wwfEdkiforQ ydkif;jcm;okH;pGJjcif;ESifY
tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSef xdef;ausmif;jcif;wdkYjyKonf/
xdk Ytwl Ed kifiHawmf\Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk cG Ja0tyfESif;yk HESifYpyfvsOf;vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk cGJa0tyfESif;ykH
ESifYpyfvsOf;vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmfw&m;pD&ifa&;tmPm udkcGJa0
tyfESif;ykHESifYpyfvsOf; vnf;aumif; EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; wGifatmufyg
twdkif;oD;jcm;jy|mef;xm;onf-
yk'fr12(u)/ EdkifiHawmf\Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudkjynfaxmifpk vTwfawmf?wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfESifYjynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;tm;
cGJa0tyfESif;onf/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifY& pD&ifpkrsm;tm;
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'uowfrSwfaomOya'jyKa&;
tmPmudkcGJa0tyfESif;onf/
yk'fr17(u)/ EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudkjynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;
ESifYjynfe,frsm;tm;cGJa0tyfESif;onf/ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
cGifY&pD&ifpkrsm;tm;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfay;onfhtwdkif;
cGJa0tyfESif;onf/
yk'fr18(u)/ EdkifiHawmf\w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudkjynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf? wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf
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rsm;? jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;ESifY udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifY&
pD&ifpkw&m;kH;rsm; tygt0iftqifYqifYaom w&m;kH;
rsm;tm; cGJa0tyfESif;onf/txufazmfjyygjy|mef;csufrsm;t&EdkifiHawmf\ Oya'jyKa&;tmPm?
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESifY w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;udk ydkif;ydkif;jcm;jcm;
okH;pGJaqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf wdwdususowfrSwfjy|mef; xm;aMumif;jrifom
xif&Sm;onf/ xkdYtjyif wyfrawmfydkif;qdkif&m w&m; pD&ifa&;ESifY zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'qdkif&mtjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;onfhw&m;pD&ifa&;wdkYudkvnf; oD;jcm;usifYokH;aqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftajccH
rlrsm;wGif atmufygtwdkif; jy|mef;xm;onf-
yk'fr20(c)/ wyfrawmfonf wyfydkif;qdkif&mudp tm;vkH;udk vGwfvyfpGm
pDrHcefYcGJpD&if aqmif&GufydkifcGifY&Sdonf/
yk'fr 46/ zG JUpnf;yk HtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ud kteuft"dym,fzGifYqdkjcif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf?
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The Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Constitutional Tribunal
Submission No.1/2011
The Chief Justice of the Union Vs Ministry of Home Affairs
(Applicant) (Defendant)
Department which is entitled to explain
For the Applicant : U Mya Thein,
Director General,
The Supreme Court of
the Union
For the defendant / Department which : U Tin Myint,Director,
is entitled to explain General Administration
Department,
Ministry of Home
Affairs
Submission under section 325(e) of the Constitution of
the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and section 13(e) of the
Constitutional Tribunal Law relating to conferring the rst class
judicial power to the sub-township administrative ofcers as Judicial
Ofcers.
Judgment
Date - 14th July , 2011
Ministry of Home Affairs informed the Supreme Court of the
Union to empower the rst class Magistrate power to 27 sub-township
administrative ofcers as judicial ofcers, as required.
It is submitted by the Chief Justice of the Union to obtain
the interpretation, decision and opinion of the tribunal in accordance
with section 325 (e) of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union
of Myanmar whether the following matters are consistent with the
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Constitution:
- to appoint the sub-township administrative ofcers, the
General Administration Department, Ministry of Home
Affairs as judicial ofcers to try the criminal cases which cometo court in the sub-township concerned by the Supreme Court
of the Union under section 293 and 317 of the Constitution;
- to confer sub-township administrative ofcers with the rst
class power of Magistrate under section 32(1) (a) of the
Criminal Procedure Code (Cr P C) and Magistrate power to
try summarily under section 260 of Cr P C by the SupremeCourt of the Union;
- to appoint sub-township administrative ofcers as juvenile
judges and to empower them to try the juvenile cases under
section 40(a) of the Child Law, 1993.
On behalf of the Chief Justice of the Union, the Director
General of the Supreme Court of the Union argued that:-
- The State and various organs of the State were formed on
30th March 2011 in accordance with the Constitution;
- Authorized Organs of the State and Governmental Bodies
have to perform their duties in accordance with the
Constitution;
- The Constitutional Tribunal has the power to decide whetheran act is of constitutionality or not;
- Judicial functions of the Supreme Court of the Union have
to be carried out in accordance with the Constitution, Union
Judiciary Law and any other existing Laws;
- Judicial powers are prescribed in accordance with Laws;
- The Ministry of Home Affairs requested the Supreme Court
of the Union in its letter to confer the rst class Magistrate
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power to sub-township administrative ofcers as judicial
ofcers;
- It is submitted to confer the rst class power of Magistrate
to 27 sub-township administrative ofcers to decide thecriminal cases occurred in the sub-township concerned;
- Section 293 and 317 of the Constitution provided the
formation of the Courts and empowering the jurisdiction to
those Courts;
- In accordance with those provisions, it is to obtain the
interpretation, decision and opinion of the tribunal whetherit is constitutionality or not if the Supreme Court of the
Union confers the rst class power of Magistrate to sub-
township administrative ofcers, the General Administration
Department, Ministry of Home Affairs to try the criminal
cases which come to court in the sub-township concerned, to
try summarily, to appoint as juvenile judges and to empower
them to try the juvenile cases;
- Formerly, though the Supreme Court permitted the sub-
township administrative ofcers to try the criminal cases
it is now presumed that they cannot be appointed as before
according to the provisions of the Constitution after the
promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar.
On behalf of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Director of the
General Administrative Department argued that:-
- As there has been stability, peace and tranquility of the border
areas, during the period of the State Peace and Development
Council, it was initially constituted 28 sub-townships in 6
States and Divisions (Cabinet Meeting No. 18/2002 dated
16.10.2002) and 2 sub-townships in Tamu Township, Tamu
District of Sagaing Division (Cabinet Meeting No. 40/2002
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dated 24.10.2002), like other developing areas, to effectively
establish modern administration, to manage economic and
social affairs, to set up the formal administration and to
obtain the prevalence of Law and Order;- Proposals for recruitment of required staff set up of other
sub-townships, accelerating in development in border areas,
were also submitted to the Cabinet;
- Draft notications to appoint the Magistrate judges by the
Supreme Court conferring rst class Magistrate power
under section 13 of the Judiciary Law to sub-townshipadministrative ofcers together with the proposals for
recruitment of staffs set up for criminal jurisdiction were
submitted to the Cabinet;
- In order to perform the judicial functions by the sub-township
administrative ofcers who are to be sent to respective sub-
townships, Judicial Training Courses No. 1 to 5 for the sub-
township administrative ofcers were held jointly by GeneralAdministration Department and the Supreme Court;
- General Administration Department requested the Supreme
Court through the Ministry of the Home Affairs that only
those who have accomplished the courses were assigned as
Magistrates of the rst class in the respective areas;
- In order to perform the criminal judicial functions properlyby the sub-township administrative ofcers in the respective
sub-townships, the Supreme Court issued the Directive No.
5/2002 dated 19.9.2002;
- By the notications, the Supreme Court empowered the sub-
township administrative ofcers who have accomplished the
courses as Additional Magistrates;
- At present, as 82 sub-townships have been already constituted
in the whole country, they are serving as Magistrates to try the
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criminal cases together with the duties of the sub-township
administrative ofcers.
The main issue which is to be decided by the Constitutional
Tribunal, submitted by the Chief Justice of the Union is as follow: -
Whether it is of constitutionality or not to confer the power
of criminal jurisdiction to the sub-township administrative ofcers
of the General Administration Department, Ministry of Home
Affairs by the Supreme Court of the Union
Firstly, it is necessary to analyse the practice of criminal
jurisdictional power in the Union of Myanmar period by period. Beforeindependence, because of having no separate judicial institution,
judicial functions were jointly carried out by the administrative ofcers
such as Divisional ofcer, District ofcer, Sub-divisional Ofcer and
Township ofcer. The Divisional ofcer served as Divisional Judge
and Sessions Judge. The District Ofcer served as District Judge and
Sub-divisional ofcer served as Sub-divisional Judge. The Township
ofcer served as Township judge. District and Sessions Judges wereappointed in the place of Divisional and Sessions Judge because of a
change in the judicial system in 1922. Other subordinate Courts and
their judicial power remained the same.
After independence in 1948, the High Court and the Supreme
Court were established under sections 13 and 3 of the Union Judiciary
Act 1948 respectively in accordance with sections 134 and 136 of the
Constitution of the Union of Myanmar, 1947. Since the Act prescribed
only the jurisdiction of the High Court and the Supreme Court, the
other Subordinate Courts remained unchanged.
The following Courts were established under Section 6 of the
Criminal Procedure Code to exercise the criminal jurisdiction in the
regional Criminal Courts: -
(1) Court of Sessions Judge;
(2) Court of Additional Sessions Judge;
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of criminal jurisdiction conferred to the staff of General Administration
Department to jointly exercise administrative and judicial functions
cannot be said to be unconstitutionality to the 1947 Constitution.
Section 133- Justice throughout the Union shall be administeredin Courts established by this Constitution or by law
and by judges appointed in accordance therewith.
Section 150- Nothing in this Constitution shall operate to
invalidate the exercise of limited functions and
powers of a judicial nature by any person or body
of persons duly authorized by law to exercise suchfunctions or powers notwithstanding that such
person or such body of persons is not a judge or a
Court appointed or established as such under this
Constitution.
The Revolutionary Council took over the State power in 1962.
The Chief Court was established and former Supreme Court and High
Court were abolished. Other existing courts remained unchanged.
With the introduction of the Peoples Judiciary System on 7th
August 1972, the following Courts were established: -
(1) State/ Division People's Court;
(2) Township People's Court and
(3) Ward/ Village tract People's Court.
The persons chosen by the respective Judicial Committees
were appointed as Peoples Judges at the different levels of Courts by
the Notication of the Ministry of Judiciary.
The following powers of the criminal jurisdiction were shared
to Peoples judicial organs. In each organ, 3 judges were constituted
as members by the Judicial Committee as required.
(1) State/ Division Peoples Court - Power of Sessions Judge
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(2)Township Peoples Court - Special Criminal Power and
Special Judge Power
(3) Ward /Village-tract Court - Power of Magistrate of the 2nd
class and 3rd class.
As the Peoples Judges were people from different classes,
peoples justice was administered by the people.
In 1974, the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the
Union of Myanmar was promulgated. Under the article 96 of the 1974
Constitution, the following judicial organs were constituted in the
State: -
(1) The Council of Peoples Justices;
(2) State Judges Committee, Divisional Judges Committee;
(3) Township Judges Committee ;
(4) Ward Judges Committee, Village-tract Judges
Committee.
The Council of Peoples Justices, State/Divisional Judges
Committee and Township Judges Committee may pass any sentence
authorized by law.
Ward Judges Committee, Village-tract Judges Committee
may pass any sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding one
month or ne not exceeding fty kyats or with both.Therefore, according to the above mentioned Constitution, it can be
seen that only Judges Committees constituted by law particularly
exercised judicial power.
Therefore, unlike the former Constitution of the Union of
Burma (Myanmar) 1947, the executive and judicial power were to be
exercised separately under the provisions of the 1974 Constitution.
In order to exercise the executive function by the Council
of Ministers and Executive Committees of the Peoples Council at
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different levels and the judicial function by the Council of Peoples
Justices and Regional Judges at the different levels, judicial powers
were separately conferred.
The State Law and Order Restoration Council took overpower of the State on 18th September, 1988 and the various levels of
existing authorized organs of the State under the 1974 Constitution
were abolished by Notication No. 2/88 of the State Law and Order
Restoration Council.
On 26th September 1988, the Judiciary Law was promulgated
and the Supreme Court and Courts of different levels were constitutedin accordance with the said Law as follows: -
(1) Supreme Court;
(2) State or Divisional Court;
(3) Township Court.
The Supreme Court appointed the following judges: -
- the State/Divisional Judicial Ofcers as the State/ Divisional
Judges;
- the Additional Judicial Ofcers as Additional Judges;
- the Judicial Ofcer Grade 1 as the Deputy State/ Divisional
Judges;
- the Judicial Ofcers Grade 2 as the Assistant State/Divisional
Judges;
- the Judicial Ofcer Grade 3 as the Township Judges, and
Additional Township Judges and
- the Judicial Ofcer Grade 4 as the Deputy Township
Judges.
With respect to the criminal cases, the judicial powers of the
Sessions Judge were conferred to the State/Divisional Judges, the
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Additional State/Divisional Judges, Deputy State/ Divisional Judges,
Assistant State/Divisional Judges. Township Judges were conferred
jurisdiction, depending on their skill and experience in accordance
with their ranks.The following Courts were reconstituted by the Judiciary Law,
2000 during the period of the State Peace and Development Council.
1. Supreme Court;
2. State/Divisional Court;
3. District Court; and
4. Township Court.
The Supreme Court prescribed the jurisdiction of State/
Divisional Courts, District Courts and Township Courts to enable
adjudication on criminal and civil cases.
In such a situation, Myanmar judicial history can be seen that
after independence, though executive and judicial powers were jointlyexercised by the 1947 Constitution, those powers were separately
exercised during the period of the Revolutionary Council under new
Peoples justice system and that of the Socialist Republic of the Union
of Myanmar.
In 1988, after the State power was taken over by the State Law
and Order Restoration Council, sub-township administrative ofcers
were conferred the power of criminal jurisdiction in areas where they
are needed in accordance with some provisions of 1988 Judiciary Law.
In particular, such judicial power was conferred in line with section 11
of the 1988 Judiciary Law.
Similarly, during the period of the State Peace and Development
Council, sub-township administrative ofcers were conferred the power
of the Additional Magistrate by the Supreme Court in accordancewith section 13 of the 2000 Judiciary Law. Therefore, the Ministry of
Home Affairs informed the Supreme Court to confer the First Class
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judicial power to the sub-township administrative ofcers as Judicial
Ofcers based on the power conferring precedent by the Supreme
Court in the letter ofyx&^1-7(417)^a&;2 dated 25-5-2011.
In this case, it is to be noted that the situation of conferringjudicial power during the period of the State Peace and Development
Council is not the same as that of the situation after the ratication and
promulgation of the present Constitution of the Republic of the Union
of Myanmar.
When the Ministry of Home Affairs informed the Supreme
Court to confer the judicial power to the sub-township administrativeofcers of General Administration Department, the Constitution of the
Republic of the Union of Myanmar, 2008 had already been ratied
and promulgated all over the Country. Therefore, in order to give the
opinion for the submission by the Supreme Court of the Union, it is to
be based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar.
Chapter 1,Basic Principles of the Union under Constitutionof the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, 2008 are prescribed as
follows: -
Section 11(a)- The three branches of sovereign power namely,
legislative power, executive power and judicial
power are separated, to the extent possible, and
exert reciprocal control, check and balance among
themselves.
In the same way, the basic principles of the State, relating to
the sharing of the legislative power, judiciary power and executive
powers are separately prescribed as follows: -
Section 12(a)- The legislative power of the Union is shared
among the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region
Hluttaws and the State Hluttaws. Legislative
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power stipulated by this Constitution shall be
shared to the Self-Administered Areas.
Section 17(a)- The executive power of the Union is shared
among the Pyidaungsu, Regions and States; Self-Administrative power shall be shared between
Self-Administered Areas as prescribed by this
Constitution.
Section 18(a)- The judicial power of the Union is shared
among the Supreme Court of the Union, High
Courts of the Regions, High Courts of the Statesand Courts of different levels, including Courts of
Self-Administered Areas.
According to the above mentioned provisions, it is obvious
that the legislative power, the executive power and judicial power of
the Union have to be separately exercised. In addition, the provisions
of administering and adjudicating the affairs of the armed forces, and
the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Tribunal relating to the disputesare to be separately exercised in the Basic Principles of the State as
follows: -
Section 20(b) The Defence Services has the right to
independently administer and adjudicate all affairs
of the armed forces.
Section 46 A Constitutional Tribunal shall be set up tointerpret the provisions of the Constitution, to
scrutinize whether or not laws enacted by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaws and
the State Hluttaws and functions of executive
authorities of Pyidaungsu, Regions, States and
Self-Administered Areas are in conformity with
the Constitution, to decide on disputes relating tothe Constitution between Pyidaungsu and Regions,
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between Pyidaungsu and States, among Regions,
among States, and between Regions or States
and Self-Administered Areas and among Self-
Administered Areas themselves, and to performother duties prescribed in this Constitution.
Therefore, the judicial power among three branches of sovereign
power is separated from the legislative power and administrative
power. Judges and Courts at different levels exercising judicial power
are separately prescribed by the Constitution as follows: -
Section 293 Courts of the Union are formed as follows:(a) Supreme Court of the Union, High Courts of the Region,
High Courts of the State, Courts of the Self-Administered
Division, Courts of the Self-Administered Zone, District
Courts, Township Courts and the other Courts constituted
by law;
(b) Courts-Martial;
(c) Constitutional Tribunal of the Union.
Therefore, it is obvious that only judges who are entitled to
exercise their power given under the Constitution of the Republic of
the Union of Myanmar, 2008 have to exercise the judicial power in the
respective sectors.
Section 317 - The Judges appointed in accord with the Lawat the Courts formed by the Constitution or any
other Law shall administer all judicial affairs in
the entire Union.
Union Judiciary Law Section 64 - The Supreme Court
of the Union shall confer the jurisdiction to
Judicial Ofcers as Judges of Courts of the
Self-Administered Division, Courts of the Self-
Administered Zone, District Courts, Township
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Courts and the other Courts constituted by Law
and assign the duties of those Courts.
For all these reasons, legislative, executive and judicial power
have to be separately exercised in accordance with the Chapter 1,BasicPrinciples of the State of the Constitution of the Republic of the Union
of Myanmar. The appointment of judges and Courts at different levels
has been denitely stipulated in the Constitution. If the sub-township
administrative ofcers of the General Administration Department of
the Ministry of Home Affairs are conferred the judicial power, it will
not be in conformity with the Constitution of the Republic of the Union
of Myanmar.
If it is necessary to send the judges of the Township Courts
concerned to try the cases according to local needs, the arrangement
relating to reside in sub-township areas may be made in accordance
with the provisions of the Law.
x x x
(Thein Soe)
Chairman
x x x x x x
(Khin Hla Myint) (Dr. Tin Aung Aye)
(Member) (Member)
x x x x x x x x x
(Tun Kyi) (Soe Thein) (Khin Tun)
(Member) (Member) (Member)
x x x x x x x x x(San Myint) (Myint Kyaing) (Mi Mi Yi)
(Member) (Member) (Member)
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zGifhqdk&mwGifvnf;aumif;? vdkufem&rnfhvrf;Tefrsm; jzpfonf/txufygjy|mef;csuft& zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh tjcm;
Oya'rsm;ygjy|mef;csufrsm;udkteuft"dyg,fzGifhqdk&mwGifEdkifiHawmf
tajccHrlrsm;onf vdkufem&rnfhvrf;Tefcsufrsm;yifjzpfonf/
zGJ Upnf;ykHtajccHOya' tcef;(1) EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm; yk'fr 15
wGifoufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fwdkY\ Oya'jyKa&;wGifwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkyg0ifcGifhjyKxm;ouJhokdY ,if;Oya'
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yk'fr 17 yk'frcGJ(*)jy|mef;csufwGifvnf; oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f\tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&mrsm;udkaqmif&Guf
Edkifa&;twGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk yg0ifcGifhjyKxm;onf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg tajccHrlrsm;udk vrf;Tef tjzpf
vdkufemusifhok H; EdkifiHawmforwu trdefYtrSwf 23^2011 wGif
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU Oya'yk'fr 19 yk'frcGJ(*) wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; [laomjy|mef;csufudk &nfTef;azmfjyvsuf wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;udkcefYtyf
wm0efay;jcif;onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm; udkoufqdkif&m
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;ESifh tqifhwl owfrSwf
trdefYxkwfjyefcefYtyf wm0efay;jcif; jzpfonf/
okdYjzpfay&m zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yk'fr 262 ygjy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;ygu oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;rsm;onf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU Oya'
yk'fr 19 yk'frcGJ(*) wGifjy|mef; xm;onfhtwdkif; oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;tqifh&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf[kcdkifrmpGm aumuf,l
qkH;jzwf &rnfjzpfonf/xyfrHqkH;jzwfcsuf/ / jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccH Oya'yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ (i)? (p) ESifh (q)jy|mef;csufrsm;
wGifvnf;aumif;? ,if;Oya' yk'fr262 yk'frcGJ(Z)jy|mef;csuf wGifvnf;
aumif; ? jynfaxmifp ktpd k ;& tzG J UOya'yk' fr19 yk' frc G J(*)
jy|mef;csufwGifvnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJUOya'yk'fr 10 yk'frcGJ (u) yk'frcGJi,f(2)jy|mef;csufwGif vnf;aumif;
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wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;udk oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf twdtvif;jy|mef; owfrSwfxm;onfhtjyif
trsdK;om;nDvmcHpkHnD tpnf;ta0;ucsrSwfxm;onfh tao;pdwftajccHrlrsm; &SdaeNyD;jzpfygvsuf wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifhtaqmifta,mifrsm;qdkif&m Oya'
yk'fr 5 ESifh yk'fr17 wdkYwGifwdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh
rwlcGJjcm;um wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;\ cHpm;cGifhudkoD;jcm;
jy|mef;owfrSwfxm;jcif;rSm zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfjcif; &Sdrnfr[kwfay/
xyfrHqkH;jzwfcsuf/ / zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' yk'fr 198 yk'frcGJ(u) wGif
atmufygtwdkif;jy|mef;xm;onf-
198/ vTwfawmftqifhqifhESifhudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkOD;pD;tzGJU
rsm;ujy|mef;onfh Oya'rsm;\ tusdK;oufa&mufrIrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf-
(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf? jynfe,f
vTwfawmf?udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzG JUokdYr[kwf
udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfcGif h&a'oOD;pD;tzG JUujy|mef;vdkufonfh
Oya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfonfvnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'wpf&yf&yfonf vnf;aumif;? zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'ygjy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'ygtwdkif;vdkufemusifhokH;&rnf/
txufygtaMumif;rsm;aMumifh wdkif;a'oBuD; okd Yr[kwf
jynfe,ftqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh taqmifta,mifrsm;
qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 5 ESifh yk'fr 17 ygjy|mef;csufrsm;onfjynfaxmifpk
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orwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya'yk'fr 262 ygjy|mef;csufrsm;t&
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDGwfjcif;r&Sd[k qkH;jzwf&rnfjzpfonf/
wifoGif;onfhyk*dKvfrsm;twGuf - OD;bdkrif;jzLESifhOD;atmifausmfpdef
w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaersm;
jyefvnf&Sif;vif;onfhyk*dKvf - EdkifiHawmfudk,fpm;
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfkH;
TefMum;a&;rSL;a':&if&ifoef;
trsdK;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmat;armif yg 23OD;
wdkYu wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifh yk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG?
p&dwfESifh taqmifta,mifrsm; qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 5 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;qdkonfh pum;&yfonfvnf;aumif;?yk'fr 4 yk'frcGJ (*)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;rsm;wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;yg0ifrI r&Sdjcif;onf
vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csufrsm; ESifhudkufnDjcif; &Sdr&Sd od&SdvdkaMumif;jzifh zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'yk'fr 326 yk'frcGJ(C)? EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckHk H;Oya' yk'fr14 yk'frcGJ(C)ESifh yk'fr 15 yk'frcGJ (C) wdk Yt&
trsdK;om;vTwfawmf Ou|rS wpfqifh wifoGif;avQmuf xm;onf/
wifoGif;vTmwGif zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ(u)
yk'frcGJi,f(4)ESifhyk'frcGJ(i) wdkYt& wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD; onf
oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;jzpf aMumif;? zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccH Oya'yk'fr262 yk'frcGJ(q) yk'frcGJi,f(2)t& EdkifiHawmforwu
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wm0efay;tyfonfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; a&;&m0efBuD;onf wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;jzpfaMumif;? tqdkygjy|mef;csufrsm;wGif
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD; ESifh tjcm;Xmeqdkif&m0efBuD;wdkYudk tqifhtwef;rcGJjcm;bJ tqifhwl0efBuD;rsm;tjzpfjy|mef;xm;aMumif;? okdY&mwGif
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh
taqmifta,mifrsm;qdkif&mOya'yk'fr 4 wGif wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0ef BuD;rsm;pm&if; wd kif ;&if;om;vlrs dK ;a&;&m0efBuD;udk
wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifhwpfwef; wpfpm;wnf;jy|mef;xm;aMumif;? 4if;tjyif ,if;Oya'yk'fr 17
wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;\taqmifta,mifrsm;udk tjcm;
wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tqifhxufESdrfYcs cHpm;cGifhjyK
xm;aMumif;? okdYjzpfyg wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\
csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh taqmifta,mifrsm;qdkif&m Oya'yk'fr 4 yk'frcGJ(*)
wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;tm; tjcm; wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0ef BuD;rsm;ESif hwpfwef;wpfpm;wnf; rowfrSwfjcif;ESi fh
,if;Oya'yk'fr 5 wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;tm; wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m; vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;rsm;ESifh wpfwef;
wpfpm;wnf; owfrSwfjy|mef; xm;jcif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh taqmifta,mifrsm;qdkif&m
Oya'yk'fr 17 wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;tm; tjcm;0efBuD;
xuftqifhESdrfYcsNyD; taqmifta,mifcHpm;cGifh owfrSwfjy|mef;jcif;wdkYonf
zGJUpnf;yk HtajccHOya'wGifjy|mef;xm;onfh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m
0efBuD; tqifhtwef;ESifh nDGwfjcif; &Sdr&Sd EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'qdkif&mckHkH;u teuft"dyg,fzGifhqdkay;&efjzpfaMumif; azmfjy
wifoGif;onf/
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jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf udk,fpm;jynfaxmifpk
a&SUaecsKyfkH;ujyefvnf &Sif;vif;&mwGif EdkifiHawmforwonf Oya't&
w&m;pD&ifa&;vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&onfh zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya'qdkif&mckHkH;wGifa'gufwmat;armifyg23 OD;wdkY\ avQmufxm; csufESifh pyfvsOf;
&Sif;vif;acsy&ef zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yk'fr 215 t& wm0ef&Sdol
r[kwfaMumif;? trsdK;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmat;armifyg
23 OD;wdkY\ avQmufvTmyg taMumif;jycsuf(1) ESifhpyfvsOf; zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ(u) yk'frcGJi,f(4)jy|mef;csufrSmwdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f twGif;&Sd wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m aqmif&Guf&ef
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfutrnfpm&if;awmif;,l
onfhjy|mef; csufjzpfNyD; yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ (i) ygjy|mef;csufrSm wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmf \oabmwlnDcsuf &&SdNyD;olrsm;ESifh
4if;trnfpm&if; awmif;cHxm;onfhyk*dKvfrsm;tm; wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f 0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef EdkifiHawmforw xHwifjy&rnfh
jy|mef;csufrsm;jzpfaMumif;? avQmufxm;olrsm;wifjy ouJhokdY wdkif;&if;o
m;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;onfoufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;jzpfonfqdkjcif;rSm rrSefuefaMumif;? trnfpm&if; &,lwifjyonfh
tqifhomjzpfaMumif;? avQmufxm;olrsm;\useftaMumif;jycsufESifh
pyfvsOf; zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH Oya' yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ(q) yk'frcGJi,f (2)
t& wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;onf yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ (ps)
ESifhtnD rdrdwm0eftjyif tjcm;0efBuD;Xme wm0efrsm;udkyl;wGJwm0ef
xrf;aqmifEdkifcGifh tcGifhta&;&SdonfrSmrSefaMumif;? okdY&mwGif,if;okdY
tcGifhta&; &SdaMumif;jy|mef;csufudktaMumif;jyK wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m
0efBuD;rsm;rSm wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f tpdk;&tzGJU0if 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh
vkyfief;wm0efwlnDonf[k aumuf,l r&EdkifaMumif;? xkd Ytjyif
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wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU Oya'yk'fr 2 yk'frcGJ(p)?
yk'fr 3 yk'frcGJ(u)? yk'fr 4 yk'frcGJ(*)ESifh yk'fr48wdkYwGifjy|mef;xm;csuf
rsm; t&wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;rSm wm0ef,l&rItydkif;wGif uGmjcm;aeonfudkxif&Sm;
pGmawGU&SdEdkifaMumif;?avQmufxm;olrsm;u wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\ csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh taqmifta,mifrsm; qdkif&mOya'
yk'fr 4 yk'frcGJ(*)wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;tm;tjcm;
wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwfjynfe,f 0efBuD;rsm; ESifhwpfwef;wpfpm;wnf;rowfrSwfaMumif; ESifh ,if;Oya'yk'fr 17 wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;
a&;&m0efBuD;tm; tjcm;0efBuD;rsm;xuftqifh ESdrfYcsNyD; taqmifta,mif
cHpm;cGifh owfrSwfjy|mef;onf[kwifjyxm;aMumif;? tqdkygOya'onf
zGJUpnf;ykH tajccHOya't& wm0efxrf;aqmifMuaom wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhyk*dKvfrsm;tm; xrf;aqmif&onfh wm0efESifh
avsmfnDaomcsD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifhtaqmifta,mifrsm; csD;jrifhEdkif&ef
jy|mef;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? tcGifhta&;(right) ESifh wm0ef(duty) wdkYrSm tjyef
tvSefqufpyfrI&SdaMumif;? tcGifhta&; ESifhavsmfnDonfhwm0ef r&SdvQif
tcGifhta&;r&SdEd kifaMumif;? tvm;wlyifwm0efESifh avsmfnDonfh
tcGifhta&;r&SdvQifwm0efvnf; r&SdEdkifaMumif;? wpfOD;wpfa,muf
taejzifhaqmif&Guf&rnfhwm0ef r&SdvQif awmif;qdk&rnfhtcGifhta&;
vnf;r&SdEd kifaMumif;? Oya'odyHynm ynm&Sifrsm;\ zGifhqd kcsufrsm;
vnf;&SdaMumif;? okdYyg wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;& 0efBuD;rsm;
ESifhwdkif;&if;om;a&;&m udprsm;udkomaqmif&Guf&aom wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;rsm;onf wm0efay;cefYtyfrIwGif wlnDrIr&Sdjcif;aMumifh
vnf;aumif;? xrf;aqmif&onfh wm0efydkif;wGif wlnDrIr&Sdojzifhvnf;aumif;?
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f tqifhyk*dKvfrsm;\csD;jrifhaiG? p&dwfESifh
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taqmifta,mifrsm;qdkif&m Oya' cHpm;cGifhtcGifhta&;rsm; ydkif;jcm;
owfrSwfjcif;omjzpfaMumif;? ,if;okdYydkif;jcm;jcif;rSm zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm; ESifh nDGwfaMumif; jyefvnf &Sif;vif; wifjyonf/
trsdK;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f a'gufwmat;armifyg 23OD;wdkY
twGuf4if;wdkY\w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaeOD;bdkrif;jzLu avQmufvJ
wifjy&mwGif 4if;wdk Y\ wifoGif;vTmyg taMumif;jycsufrsm;tjyif
EdkifiHawmfudk,fpm;jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyfkH;\ &Sif;vif;csufrsm;tay:wGifjyefvnfajz&Sif;cJh&m wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD; onf
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;
a&;&mrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&efwm0efay;tyfjcif;udk EdkifiHawmforwkH;\
(30-3-2011) &ufpGJyg trdefYtrSwf 19^2011jzifh vnf;aumif;?
wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK; a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmforwkH;\ (30-3-2011)&ufpGJygtrdefYtrSwf
23^2011jzifhvnf;aumif;?jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrmEd ki fi Hawmf
zGJUpnf;ykHajccHOya'yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ(i)ESifh(p)wdkYt& EdkifiHawmforwu
cefYtyfwm0efay;tyfcJh aMumif;? xkdYaMumifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&m
0efBuD;onf oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;jzpfonfqdkjcif;rSm rrSefaMumif; ESifhtrnfpm&if;&,lwifoGif;&onfh
tqifhomjzpfonf[kjynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyfkH;u azmfjyxm;jcif;rSm
rSm;,Gif;aeaMumif;?jynfaxmifpk a&SUaecsKyfkH; u zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'
yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ (i) ESif h (p) wdkYt& wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;a&;&mudk
aqmif&Guf&ef wm0efay;tyf xm;jcif;ESifh,if;Oya'yk'fr262yk'frcGJ(q)yk'frcGJi,f(2) t&wm0ef oD;jcm;jzpfonf[k &Sif;vif;azmfjyjcif;rSm
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jynfaxmifpkorwjrefrm EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh qefYusifuGJvGJ
aeaMumif;? ,if;Oya' yk'fr 262 yk'frcGJ (i)ESifh (p)wdkYt&wdkif;a'oBuD;
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;ESifh wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fwdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmforwu trdefYxkwfjyef
cefYtyfwm0efay;xm;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' EdkifiHawmf
tajccHrlrsm; acgif;pOfatmuf&Sd yk'fr 15 ESifh yk'fr 17 yk'frcGJ (*)wdkYt&
ay:aygufvmaom 0efBuD;Xmersm;jzpfaMumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,ftpdk;& tzG JU Oya'yk'fr 2 yk'frcGJ(p)? yk'fr 3 yk'frcGJ(u)?yk'fr 4 yk'frcGJ(*) ESif hyk'fr 48wdk YwGifjy|mef;csufrsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm; ESifh qefYusifaeygvQif zGJUpnf;ykH
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wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
ESifhwdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&m 0efBuD;rsm;
cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;ESpfrsdK;pvkH;udk EdkifiHawmforwu cefYtyf
wm0efay;jcif;jzpfaMumif;? wm0ef,l&rnfh 0efBuD;Xmeudk owfrSwf
wm0efay;jcif;rQom uGJjym;jcm;em;rI &SdaMumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; ESifh wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fwdkif;&if;om;
vlrs dK;a&;&m 0efBuD;rsm;tm;vkH;wdkYonf wd kif;a'oBuD; ok dYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;jzpfBu &mxl;t&vnf;aumif;? tqifhtwef;t&
vnf;aumif; wlnDolrsm;jzpfBuaMumif;? jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfkH;u
wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;& 0efBuD;rsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;
a&;&mudprsm;udkom aqmif&Guf&aom wdkif;&if;om; vlrsdK;a&;&m0efBuD;
rsm;onf wm0efay;cefYtyfrIwGif wlnDrIr&Sdjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;?
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if;tjyif wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;& tzGJU0ifrsm;
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