SECUENCIA DIDÁCTICA SECUENCIA DIDÁCTICA INTEGRADAINTEGRADA

Unidad Didáctica: Unidad Didáctica: ESTADOS DE LA MATERIAESTADOS DE LA MATERIAAsignaturas: Asignaturas: Física y QuímicaFísica y Química ; ; L2-InglésL2-Inglés. . nivel: nivel: 3ºESO3ºESO / edad: 14-15 años / edad: 14-15 añosnivel L2: A2 expresión oral y escrita ; B1 comprensión oral y escrita.nivel L2: A2 expresión oral y escrita ; B1 comprensión oral y escrita.

Mª Ángeles García y Cristina OlaveMª Ángeles García y Cristina Olave

INTRODUCCIÓN A LA TAREAINTRODUCCIÓN A LA TAREA::Realizar actividades que sean más novedosas, atractivas y Realizar actividades que sean más novedosas, atractivas y entretenidas para los alumnos. Además han de favorecer la entretenidas para los alumnos. Además han de favorecer la participación y comunicación en L2.participación y comunicación en L2.

OBJETIVOSOBJETIVOS::1.1. Comprender oralmente y por escrito en L2, los contenidos estudiados sobre los Comprender oralmente y por escrito en L2, los contenidos estudiados sobre los

estados de la materia y los cambios de estado.estados de la materia y los cambios de estado.

2.2. Explicar, utilizando una terminología sencilla y a la vez correcta en L2, las Explicar, utilizando una terminología sencilla y a la vez correcta en L2, las propiedades de sólidos, líquidos y gases y el modelo de partículas para los 3 propiedades de sólidos, líquidos y gases y el modelo de partículas para los 3 estados.estados.

3.3. Hacer descripciones cortas y con lenguaje sencillo en L2 sobre los cambios de Hacer descripciones cortas y con lenguaje sencillo en L2 sobre los cambios de estado.estado.

4.4. Identificar los cambios de estado que se producen en situaciones o procesos Identificar los cambios de estado que se producen en situaciones o procesos observables en la vida diaria.observables en la vida diaria.

5.5. Representar e interpretar curvas de calentamiento o de enfriamiento de Representar e interpretar curvas de calentamiento o de enfriamiento de determinadas sustancias.determinadas sustancias.

6.6. Diferenciar entre evaporación y ebullición.Diferenciar entre evaporación y ebullición.

7.7. Explicar los cambios de estado según la teoría cinética de la materia.Explicar los cambios de estado según la teoría cinética de la materia.

Los Los contenidos de conocimientocontenidos de conocimiento están relacionados están relacionados con: con: propiedades de la materia; ciclo del agua; calor y propiedades de la materia; ciclo del agua; calor y temperatura que se estudian en Ciencias Naturales y Física y temperatura que se estudian en Ciencias Naturales y Física y Química.Química.

Los Los contenidos de habilidadescontenidos de habilidades están relacionados con: están relacionados con:

1.1. Construcción de gráficas (Matemáticas).Construcción de gráficas (Matemáticas).

2.2. Expresión oral y escrita en L2 (Inglés).Expresión oral y escrita en L2 (Inglés).

3.3. Consultar y buscar información en diccionario Consultar y buscar información en diccionario digital y digital y páginas web (TICs).páginas web (TICs).

4.4. Colaborar y participar en el trabajo por grupos.Colaborar y participar en el trabajo por grupos.

La La TerminologíaTerminología utilizada es la específica de la Unidad utilizada es la específica de la Unidad junto con otras expresiones y palabras de uso común. junto con otras expresiones y palabras de uso común.

INSTRUMENTOS DE EVALUACIÓNINSTRUMENTOS DE EVALUACIÓN::1.1. Realizar las actividades propuestas, que han de estar recogidas en su cuaderno Realizar las actividades propuestas, que han de estar recogidas en su cuaderno

de clase.de clase.2.2. Colaborar y participar en las actividades en grupo.Colaborar y participar en las actividades en grupo.3.3. Comunicar oral y por escrito en L2 los contenidos de la Unidad.Comunicar oral y por escrito en L2 los contenidos de la Unidad.4.4. Examen escrito con preguntas similares a las tareas realizadas.Examen escrito con preguntas similares a las tareas realizadas.

MATERIALES Y RECURSOSMATERIALES Y RECURSOS::1.1. Aula Digital, páginas web utilizadas en esta Unidad:Aula Digital, páginas web utilizadas en esta Unidad:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemical_material_behaviour/particle_model/revise1.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemical_material_behaviour/particle_model/revise1.shtml

http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/93_iniciacion_interactiva_materia/curso/materiales/estados/cambios.http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/93_iniciacion_interactiva_materia/curso/materiales/estados/cambios.htmhtm

www.thefreedictionary.comwww.thefreedictionary.com

http://www.oddcast.com/home/demos/tts/tts_example.phphttp://www.oddcast.com/home/demos/tts/tts_example.php

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=64http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=64

2.2. Herramientas web 2.0: Puzzlemaker, blog del Centro.Herramientas web 2.0: Puzzlemaker, blog del Centro.

3.3. Cartulinas y rotuladores para preparar carteles y tarjetas para las actividades.Cartulinas y rotuladores para preparar carteles y tarjetas para las actividades. 4.4. Libro de texto, Diccionario científico impreso en L2.Libro de texto, Diccionario científico impreso en L2.

COMENTARIOSCOMENTARIOS: : Se explicitan, desarrollan y experimentan varias Se explicitan, desarrollan y experimentan varias de las actividades planificadas y secuenciadas en la de las actividades planificadas y secuenciadas en la programación de la Unidad Didáctica “programación de la Unidad Didáctica “ESTADOS DE LA ESTADOS DE LA MATERIAMATERIA”.”.

COMPETENCIAS BÁSICASCOMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS::1.1. Competencia lingüística en Castellano y en Inglés.Competencia lingüística en Castellano y en Inglés.

2.2. Competencia matemática.Competencia matemática.

3.3. Competencia en el conocimiento y la interacción con el mundo físico.Competencia en el conocimiento y la interacción con el mundo físico.

4.4. Competencia digital.Competencia digital.

5.5. Competencia social y ciudadana.Competencia social y ciudadana.

6.6. Competencia para aprender a aprender.Competencia para aprender a aprender.

7.7. Autonomía e iniciativa personal.Autonomía e iniciativa personal.

8.8. Competencia del mundo artístico.Competencia del mundo artístico.

Activity 4: Changes of stateActivity 4: Changes of state

The students prepare the following cards:The students prepare the following cards:

They stick these cards on their bodies and place They stick these cards on their bodies and place themselves to represent the diagram of the changes of themselves to represent the diagram of the changes of statestate

PHOTOPHOTO

Complete this table:Complete this table:

PROCESSPROCESS CHANGE OF CHANGE OF STATESTATE

INITIAL STATEINITIAL STATE FINAL STATEFINAL STATE ADDING OR ADDING OR REMOVING HEATREMOVING HEAT

Warm butter Warm butter in a saucepanin a saucepan

Form cloudsForm clouds

SnowSnow

FrostFrost

Dry clothes in Dry clothes in the open airthe open air

Heat IodineHeat Iodine

Smell a Smell a perfumeperfume

Activity 5:HEATING CURVE FOR WATERActivity 5:HEATING CURVE FOR WATER

Previously the teacher:Previously the teacher: Talks with the Maths’ teacher and they agree the best day to do the activity.Talks with the Maths’ teacher and they agree the best day to do the activity. Prepares the cards needed to label the graph.Prepares the cards needed to label the graph.

In the classroom:In the classroom: A group about 10 students help to arrange the classroom. A group about 10 students help to arrange the classroom. They draw the axis and mark the units, one square represent 2 min on time-axis and They draw the axis and mark the units, one square represent 2 min on time-axis and

one square represent 10ºC on Temperature-axis.one square represent 10ºC on Temperature-axis. They write on the blackboard the table shown below, with the data of Temperature-They write on the blackboard the table shown below, with the data of Temperature-

time.time. The whole group represent these data, each student is going to be a point of the The whole group represent these data, each student is going to be a point of the

graph. The teacher says aloud a pair of values T-t and the student has to find his/her graph. The teacher says aloud a pair of values T-t and the student has to find his/her point and stay on this spot till the rest of the group complete the graph.point and stay on this spot till the rest of the group complete the graph.

t(min)t(min) 00 11 22 44 66 88 1010 1212 1414 1616 1818 2020 2222 2424 2626 2828 3030 3131 3232

T(ºC)T(ºC) -20-20 -10-10 00 00 00 1010 2020 3030 4040 5050 6060 7070 8080 9090 100100 100100 100100 110110 120120

The graph should be seen on the floor like this one represented on paper.The graph should be seen on the floor like this one represented on paper.

PHOTOPHOTO

Activity 9: ORAL COMPREHENSIONActivity 9: ORAL COMPREHENSION The students read this text adapted to their level of English and then The students read this text adapted to their level of English and then

listen it with different accents using this link:listen it with different accents using this link:

http://www.oddcast.com/home/demos/tts/tts_example.phphttp://www.oddcast.com/home/demos/tts/tts_example.php

THE FOURTH STATE OF MATTERTHE FOURTH STATE OF MATTER

You know that any substance, called matter, can exist as a solid material, You know that any substance, called matter, can exist as a solid material, liquid, or gas. These three different forms are called liquid, or gas. These three different forms are called statesstates. Matter can . Matter can change its state when heated.change its state when heated.As a As a solidsolid, matter has a fixed volume and shape and is usually unable to , matter has a fixed volume and shape and is usually unable to flow, except in the case of glaciers. For instance, an ice cube or snowflake flow, except in the case of glaciers. For instance, an ice cube or snowflake is the solid state of water.is the solid state of water.When the solid state of matter is heated, it turns into a When the solid state of matter is heated, it turns into a liquidliquid. As a liquid, . As a liquid, a substance has a fixed volume, but its shape changes to fill the shape of a substance has a fixed volume, but its shape changes to fill the shape of its container. For instance, a glass of water is the liquid state of water.its container. For instance, a glass of water is the liquid state of water.When the liquid state of matter is heated, it turns into a When the liquid state of matter is heated, it turns into a gasgas. As a gas, a . As a gas, a substance does not have a fixed volume or shape. Gas expands to fill the substance does not have a fixed volume or shape. Gas expands to fill the shape and volume of its container. For instance, the steam that comes out shape and volume of its container. For instance, the steam that comes out of a hot teakettle, making the whistle blow, is water as a gas.of a hot teakettle, making the whistle blow, is water as a gas.Heat causes matter to change its state because, when heated, the Heat causes matter to change its state because, when heated, the moleculesmolecules within the substance to move around faster. within the substance to move around faster.But there is other state of matter: plasma. Plasma is the But there is other state of matter: plasma. Plasma is the fourth statefourth state of of matter.matter.

Although it is the least familiar state of matter to us here on Although it is the least familiar state of matter to us here on Earth, plasma is actually the most common form of matter – Earth, plasma is actually the most common form of matter – in fact, plasma makes up 99% of all visible matter in the in fact, plasma makes up 99% of all visible matter in the UniverseUniverseThis term is relatively unknown outside of the scientific This term is relatively unknown outside of the scientific world. What is plasma?world. What is plasma?Almost everything is made up of atoms (your dog, your Almost everything is made up of atoms (your dog, your science book, this computer...). The atom has a nucleus science book, this computer...). The atom has a nucleus which has a positive charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus. which has a positive charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus. The electrons (which have a negative charge) are attracted The electrons (which have a negative charge) are attracted to the nucleus. Remember, opposites attract! But to the nucleus. Remember, opposites attract! But sometimes something comes along that sets the electrons sometimes something comes along that sets the electrons free from orbiting the nucleus. Really hot temperatures can free from orbiting the nucleus. Really hot temperatures can do this! When electrons are no longer trapped in orbits do this! When electrons are no longer trapped in orbits around the nucleus, we have the plasma state. around the nucleus, we have the plasma state. StarsStars are made of are made of plasmaplasma, so plasma is the most abundant , so plasma is the most abundant form of matter in the universe (stars are so hot that their form of matter in the universe (stars are so hot that their matter can only exist in the plasma)matter can only exist in the plasma)Essentially, the sun, like most stars, is a great big ball of Essentially, the sun, like most stars, is a great big ball of plasmaplasma

This figure shows the four common states of matter: solid, liquid, This figure shows the four common states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.gas, and plasma.

You don’t see lots of plasmas here on Earth because it’s too cold You don’t see lots of plasmas here on Earth because it’s too cold for most matter to reach that state. In the rest of the Universe for most matter to reach that state. In the rest of the Universe however, plasma is more common than solids, liquids or gases. however, plasma is more common than solids, liquids or gases. Our Sun is made of plasma, as are all stars. Their intense heat can Our Sun is made of plasma, as are all stars. Their intense heat can turn nearby gas to plasma.turn nearby gas to plasma.Although naturally occurring plasma is rare on Earth (e.g. a Although naturally occurring plasma is rare on Earth (e.g. a lightning strike), there are many man-made examples. Plasma lightning strike), there are many man-made examples. Plasma glows when it conducts electricity in neon signs and fluorescent glows when it conducts electricity in neon signs and fluorescent bulbs. The hottest candle flame is plasma. Scientists have bulbs. The hottest candle flame is plasma. Scientists have constructed special chambers to experiment with plasma in constructed special chambers to experiment with plasma in laboratorieslaboratories

Making PlasmaMaking Plasma Think of water – when it’s frozen, it’s a solid. When it melts, it’s a Think of water – when it’s frozen, it’s a solid. When it melts, it’s a liquid. Heat it and it turns into a vapor or gas. If you heat it even liquid. Heat it and it turns into a vapor or gas. If you heat it even more – to around 1,500°F – water becomes a plasma.more – to around 1,500°F – water becomes a plasma.

Activity 10: REVISION STATES OF MATTERActivity 10: REVISION STATES OF MATTER

Previously the teacher:Previously the teacher: Prepares two sets of 30 cards with the definitions or descriptions required.Prepares two sets of 30 cards with the definitions or descriptions required. Plans the suitable arrangement for groups and cards to do the activity.Plans the suitable arrangement for groups and cards to do the activity.

In the classroom:In the classroom: Divide the class in 5 groups of 4 students each group.Divide the class in 5 groups of 4 students each group. Give 12 cards to each group.Give 12 cards to each group. A student picks up a card, memorize the definition and say it to his/her mates A student picks up a card, memorize the definition and say it to his/her mates

without reading the card. They have to guess the word corresponding to that without reading the card. They have to guess the word corresponding to that definition.definition.

In turns they repit the process with the 12 cards.In turns they repit the process with the 12 cards. Each group write down on a paper the words corresponding to their cards.Each group write down on a paper the words corresponding to their cards. Repit the process with 12 different cards on each group.Repit the process with 12 different cards on each group.

DEFINITIONS/DESCRIPTIONSDEFINITIONS/DESCRIPTIONS

1.1. A state in which the particles are quite close together and A state in which the particles are quite close together and arranged in a regular pattern.arranged in a regular pattern.

2.2. A state in which the particles can vibrate in a fixed A state in which the particles can vibrate in a fixed position but cannot move from place to place.position but cannot move from place to place.

3.3. These substances have a fixed shape, cannot flow and These substances have a fixed shape, cannot flow and cannot be compressed.cannot be compressed.

4.4. In this state the particles are close together and arranged In this state the particles are close together and arranged in a random way.in a random way.

5.5. In this state the particles can move around each other In this state the particles can move around each other and the bonds between them are weaker than in a solid.and the bonds between them are weaker than in a solid.

6.6. A state of matter that take the shape of the container, A state of matter that take the shape of the container, can flow but cannot be compressed. can flow but cannot be compressed.

7.7. In this state the particles are far apart and moving at high In this state the particles are far apart and moving at high speeds in any direction.speeds in any direction.

8.8. A A statestate in which particles are arranged in a random way and in which particles are arranged in a random way and there are no bonds between them.there are no bonds between them.

9.9. A state of matter that completly fill their container, flow and can A state of matter that completly fill their container, flow and can be compressed.be compressed.

10.10. A property of a gas caused by the gas particles hitting the A property of a gas caused by the gas particles hitting the container walls.container walls.

11.11. This process happens when a body or a substance is heated up This process happens when a body or a substance is heated up and get bigger. The particles do not change size only increases and get bigger. The particles do not change size only increases the space between them.the space between them.

12.12. This process happens when a body is cooled down and get This process happens when a body is cooled down and get smaller. The particles do not change size only the space smaller. The particles do not change size only the space between them decreases.between them decreases.

13.13. An instrument that works because the liquid inside it expands An instrument that works because the liquid inside it expands and rises up the tube when it gets hotter.and rises up the tube when it gets hotter.

14.14. A property which measure the average kinetic energy of the A property which measure the average kinetic energy of the particles and increases when the gas is heated up.particles and increases when the gas is heated up.

15.15. A change of state from solid to liquid. It is caused by A change of state from solid to liquid. It is caused by heating a solid.heating a solid.

16.16. This phenomenon happens on heating water between 0ºC This phenomenon happens on heating water between 0ºC and 4ºC, as the water contracts instead of expanding.and 4ºC, as the water contracts instead of expanding.

17.17. The change in state from liquid to solid. It usually The change in state from liquid to solid. It usually happens cooling down a liquid.happens cooling down a liquid.

18.18. The rapid change in state from a liquid to a gas (or The rapid change in state from a liquid to a gas (or vapour) usually caused by heating.vapour) usually caused by heating.

19.19. The temperature at which all of a liquid changes into a The temperature at which all of a liquid changes into a gas. The temperature doesn’t change during the process.gas. The temperature doesn’t change during the process.

20.20. Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The temperature keeps the same during the change of state. temperature keeps the same during the change of state.

21.21. The process of a liquid changing into a gas at The process of a liquid changing into a gas at temperatures below its boiling point. It only happens on temperatures below its boiling point. It only happens on the surface of a liquid.the surface of a liquid.

22.22. The change of state from gas (or vapour) to a liquid. It is The change of state from gas (or vapour) to a liquid. It is normally caused by cooling.normally caused by cooling.

23.23. The direct change of state from a solid to a gas.The direct change of state from a solid to a gas.24.24. It is a graph showing changes in temperature with time for a It is a graph showing changes in temperature with time for a

substance being heated.substance being heated.25.25. A graph showing changes in temperature with time for a A graph showing changes in temperature with time for a

substance being cooled.substance being cooled.26.26. It’s a state of matter that can flow, like gases or liquids.It’s a state of matter that can flow, like gases or liquids.27.27. Strong forces of attraction between the particles of a solid or Strong forces of attraction between the particles of a solid or

a liquid.a liquid.28.28. To move or run smoothly as a liquid or a gas move through a To move or run smoothly as a liquid or a gas move through a

pipe.pipe.29.29. This process happens when the volume of a gas decreases by This process happens when the volume of a gas decreases by

increasing its pressure and the temperature is kept the same.increasing its pressure and the temperature is kept the same.30.30. A temperature scale in which the zero value is given to the A temperature scale in which the zero value is given to the

lowest possible temperature.lowest possible temperature.

CORRECTION KEY Activity 10CORRECTION KEY Activity 10

1-2-3 SOLID ; 4-5-6 LIQUID ; 7-8-9 GAS ; 10 PRESSURE ; 1-2-3 SOLID ; 4-5-6 LIQUID ; 7-8-9 GAS ; 10 PRESSURE ;

11 EXPANSION ; 12 CONTRACTION ; 13 THERMOMETER ; 11 EXPANSION ; 12 CONTRACTION ; 13 THERMOMETER ;

14 TEMPERATURE ; 15 MELTING ; 16 ANOMALOUS EXPANSION OF WATER;14 TEMPERATURE ; 15 MELTING ; 16 ANOMALOUS EXPANSION OF WATER;

17 FREEZING ; 18 BOILING ; 19 BOILING POINT ; 20 MELTING POINT;17 FREEZING ; 18 BOILING ; 19 BOILING POINT ; 20 MELTING POINT;

21 EVAPORATION ; 22 CONDENSATION ; 23 SUBLIMATION ; 24 HEATING CURVE;21 EVAPORATION ; 22 CONDENSATION ; 23 SUBLIMATION ; 24 HEATING CURVE;

25 COOLING CURVE ; 26 FLUID ; 27 BONDS ; 28 FLOW ; 29 COMPRESSION;25 COOLING CURVE ; 26 FLUID ; 27 BONDS ; 28 FLOW ; 29 COMPRESSION;

30 ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE.30 ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE.

Activity 11: Revision vocabularyActivity 11: Revision vocabulary

WORD SEARCH: WORD SEARCH: Find 12 words related with the unit Find 12 words related with the unit “The States of Matter”.“The States of Matter”.

Match the words found on the WORD SEARCH with the Match the words found on the WORD SEARCH with the following definitions:following definitions:

1.1. Strong force of attraction between particles in a substance.Strong force of attraction between particles in a substance.2.2. The change of state from a solid to a liquid.The change of state from a solid to a liquid.3.3. The rapid change in state from a liquid to a gas.The rapid change in state from a liquid to a gas.4.4. A state in which the particles move freely in any direction.A state in which the particles move freely in any direction.5.5. A state in which the particles vibrate about fixed positions.A state in which the particles vibrate about fixed positions.6.6. This change of state happens when a liquid is cooled.This change of state happens when a liquid is cooled.7.7. It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a

gas.gas.8.8. It is the result of the particles of a gas hitting the container walls.It is the result of the particles of a gas hitting the container walls.9.9. To move or run smoothly as a liquid or a gas move through a pipe.To move or run smoothly as a liquid or a gas move through a pipe.10.10. To decrease the volume increasing the pressure on the gas.To decrease the volume increasing the pressure on the gas.11.11. To increase the volume of a substance usually by heating.To increase the volume of a substance usually by heating.12.12. A state in which a substance has a fixed volume but can change A state in which a substance has a fixed volume but can change

shape.shape.

CORRECTION KEY Activity 11CORRECTION KEY Activity 11

1.1. Bond Bond 2.2. MeltingMelting3.3. BoilingBoiling4.4. GasGas5.5. SolidSolid6.6. FreezingFreezing7.7. TemperatureTemperature8.8. PressurePressure9.9. FlowFlow10.10. CompressCompress11.11. ExpandExpand12.12. LiquidLiquid