Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Social de Canadá - Programa de Trabajo
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
2
Seguridad en el trabajo nos afecta a todos! 06 de julio 2013, Descarrilamiento de tren - 72 coches de
petroleo crudo. Fuego / Explosión destruye la ciudad de Lac-Megantic 47 personas muertas Tren estacionado en la pista principal Frenos no se aplican correctamente Sin tripulación, (trabajo terminado)
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
When EMPLOYEE health and safety is not protected, PUBLIC health and Safety is not protected. 30 building (half of down town) destroyed Company had been allowed to operate with on man crew Employee failed to properly secure unmanned train Train left on main track – not allowed One man crew recently adopted – not formally permitted Train left on hill 72 Crude oil cars, 63 derailed, approx. 100 km/hr in middle of town. No employees injured Company filed for bankruptcy
Constitution describes separate powers of Provinces vs Federal Government. This is just a SAMPLE of the main industries: Others include- Fed. Gov’t, Post, Banks, First Nations Federal Jurisdiction given jurisdiction for Health and Safety of SPECIFIC industries. (usually involve crossing Provincial Borders.) These industries must follow federal Law no matter where they are located. As of 2008, there were 1,400,000 federally regulated employees working at 46,000 work sites.
5
Jurisdicción Provincial Todas las demás industrias (incluso)
Provinces may create own Labour Laws for these industries Laws may vary slightly by Province So in Canada, there may be 14 slightly different Laws dealing with an issue (i.e. Confined Spaces / Fall Protection / Equipment Operation) Disadvantage to employers (Retail ) that operate in many provinces, must know many laws (Labour Standards and Unionization too) Advantage is Provinces (and Fed. Govt) can see what is effective in other jurisdictions and “copy” Sometimes determining jurisdiction is difficult New business not clearly described w/i Constitution business changes, or has multiple elements
6
Común a todas las leyes Desarrollado con el aporte de los interesados “Sin Culpa” Compensación de Daños para los
empleados Empleadores deben investigar y reportar accidentes
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Stakeholders Employers, Employees / unions and Gov’t. Numerous Meetings held – Try to reach Conscensus WCB COVERAGE Ees have “no fault” compensation coverage for lost wages, and medical costs, resulting from a work injury – even if Ee was at fault. Ees cannot sue an employer for any injuries that were caused by employer negligence. Compensation is also provided to dependants of workers in case of a work-related fatality. Costs are borne exclusively by employers, through a payroll assessment. Premium rates vary per class of industry, based on the principle of collective liability. The system is administered by a workers' compensation board or equivalent independent agency. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING Employers must investigate all Accidents that resulted in employee “time loss”, and try to prevent any re-occurrences. Employer must also send written report to Safety Officer and Compensation provider. For serious accidents and fatalities, employer must also call Safety Officer immediately
7
Común a todas las leyes 3 Derechos de los trabajadores:
– Recibir Capacitación Laboral – Participar (Comité de Seguridad) – Rechazar el trabajo peligroso
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
RIGHT to KNOW Most job training must be documented. Employers must also identify and assess workplace hazards and warn employees of these Labelling Chemicals / Ee rights RIGHT to PARTICIPATE Safety Committees / or (Rep. selected by Employee) must be established for each workplace. Do monthly inspections / review accident reports / help develop safe work procedures and training. RIGHT to REFUSE Employees can refuse to do work they believe will harm them. Employee must report refusal to employer, who must immediately investigate. If disagree must call Safety Officer. INTERNAL RESPONSIBLE SYSTEM
8
Responsabilidad Interna Empleado empoderamiento (Comité de Seguridad)
Comité de Seguridad:
– incluye la dirección y los empleados elegidos por los empleados (o unión)
– investigar las quejas antes de la llamada del regulador
– inspecciona el lugar de trabajo mensual
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
3 Employee Rights – Lead to the Internal Responsibility System Empowers employees (via OHS Committee) Committee includes Mgmt and employee (selected by employees or Union) Committee investigates complaints BEFORE they are referred to the Regulator Committee does Monthly inspections Employer must consult Committee re: - Policies / Safe Work Procedures - Accident investigations - Training and workplace hazards
9
Responsabilidad Interna El empleador tiene que consultar con el Comité de:
– Políticas / procedimientos de trabajo
– Capacitación / peligros en el lugar de trabajo
– Las investigaciones de accidentes
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Employer MUST consult with Committee re: -Policies / SWP -Accident Investigations -Training / Workplace hazards
10
Aplicación Oficiales inspeccionan el lugar de trabajo, revisión de
registros
– Target trabajo de alto riesgo (estadísticas de accidentes) – Investigar accidentes, quejas, la negativa a trabajar
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Target workplaces with high accidents Investigate Accidents, Complaints, Refusals. Approximately: 65% - Inspection 15% - Investigations 10% - Counselling
11
Aplicación Aplicación de escalada:
– Notificación Escrita – Detener la orden de trabajo (peligros inmediatos) – Multa ($10-250 millones CLP) – Procesamiento ($500 millones CLP + 2 años de cárcel)
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Most FINES between $20-50 Million pesos ($50-100K) Not All Jurisdictions can issue fines (6 Provinces, and 3 Territories) Other consideration is the Claims History affects the Cost of the premiums paid for WCB So employers are “indirectly penalized” by having accidents LABOUR PROGRAM on Average Conducts 890 General Inspections Conducts 175 complaint investigations Investigates 75 refusals to work Responds to 840 Counseling calls Issues 85 Directions Investigates 260 serious and fatal accidents Recommends 7 prosecutions WorkSafe BC 65% - inspections 15% - investigations 10% - counselling
12
Westray mina de carbón-1992 (explosión de gas methan)
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
In 1992 we had a disaster similar to your 2010 Copiapo miracle ….. Except ours did not have a happy ending..
13
Westray mina de carbón-1992
26 mineros murieron Muchos violaciónes encontrados Acusación no aceptadas por la
tribunal Código Penal modificado – 2004 Nueva deber de proteger a los
empleados
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Mine in operation only 8 months, 11 bodies never recovered Political pressure to open mine, jobs in depressed area Safety issued raised from the very beginning, concerns with explosive coal dust, and methane, and training of miners. Charges thrown because of lack of evidence Province OHS Laws-ineffective because Executives lived in different Province than mine, so Provincial OHS Laws had no jurisdiction to subpoena them. Federal Criminal Code Law – ineffective because no clear duty / law applied to this situation: person directing the work of another person Criminal Code applies to Everyone across Canada –whereas Fed and Prov OHS laws are specific to jurisdiction. Penalties may include fines (no limit) and jail terms So far only 5 charges laid - one conviction of $100K, one 2 year “community Sentence” Other charges withdrawn or not yet reported. (since 2004, approx. 9000 employees killed) Unions feel Law not being applied enough. Want to see company executives go to jail if employee is killed Law may have made companies more responsible / concerned, but number of fatalities in Canada is increasing.
14
Lesiones (x 000’s) por Industria (2011)
05
1015202530354045
INDUSTRY
FAB.
CONST.
VENTA
GOBIER
SALUD
TRANSP.
MINERIA
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
“Injury” means time loss injury
15
Lesiones (x 000) (1993-2011)
050
100150200250300350400450500
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
A more meaningful measure is the “Disabling Injury Incidence Rate”, which is based on the number of employees employed. Using this measure, the time-loss “Injury Incidence Rate” per 100 employees: DIIR dropped 38%: from 3.49/100 employees in 1996 to 2.15/100 employees in 2008. (In BC b/w 2003-12:Back Injury =20% of injuries (and 50% of these were from overexertion)
16
Lesiones( /1000 empleados) por Industria (2008)
0
5
10
15
20
25
INDUSTRY
FAB.
CONST.VENTA
GOBIER
SALUD
TRANSP.MINERIA
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Rate provides more accurate picture
17
Lesiones ( /1000 empleados) (1993-2010)
0
510
15
20
2530
35
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
A more meaningful measure is the “Disabling Injury Incidence Rate”, which is based on the number of employees employed. Using this measure, the time-loss “Injury Incidence Rate” per 100 employees: DIIR dropped 38%: from 3.49/100 employees in 1996 to 2.15/100 employees in 2008. (In BC b/w 2003-12:Back Injury =20% of injuries (and 50% of these were from overexertion)
18
Fatalidades por Industria (2011)
0
50
100
150
200
250
INDUSTRY
FAB.
CONST.VENTA
GOBIER
SALUD
TRANSP.MINERIA
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
These industries had greatest number of deaths (Little change in number/industry in last 3 years)
19
Fatalidades (1993-2011)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Increase in Fatalities is due to past exposure to hazardous substances – primarily asbestos, and long term victims of dying of complications from their exposure. (In BC b/w 2003-12:Disease =45% of deaths MVA = 18%)
20
Costos Totales ($Trillon CLP)
2.72.82.9
33.13.23.33.43.53.63.7
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
$Tril
lon
CLP
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Fewer accidents – but off work longer Back injuries – take along time to heal, become re-curring injuries.
21
Cuestiones Emergentes Salud Psicológico - $2.9Trillon CLP por ano (tiempo perdido /productividad) Trabajadores Extranjeros - mal trato,
- mano de obra barata
Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Mental Health – OHS Laws including expanding “violence prevention” requirements to include things like, bullying, harrassment Working conditions can CAUSE MH problems, but can also HELP MH problems TFW Farm / Retail / Nanny / and Mining Exploited, (paid less –legally) Makes harder for Canadians to find work
22
Conclusión Canadá: 14 leyes de seguridad diferentes (y reguladores)
Confíe en Responsabilidad Interna
Lesiones lugares de trabajo están disminuyendo, pero los
costos están aumentando Los costos de salud psicológicos casi tanto como los