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What Will Self-Aware Computer System

John McCarthy, Stanford University

[email protected]://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc

September 13, 2004

Darpa Wants To Know, And Theres A Worksh

The Subject Is Ready For Basic Research.

Short Term Applications May Be Feasible.

Self-Awareness Is Mainly Applicable To Program

tent Existence.


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HUMAN SELF-AWARENESS1

Human self-awareness is weak but improves wit

Five year old but not three year old. I used to

contained candy because of the cover, but now

crayons. He will think it contans candy,

Simple examples: Im hungry, my left knee hurts

my right knee feels normal, my right hand is mak

Intentions: I intend to have dinner, I intend

Zealand some day. I do not intend to die.

I exist in time with a past and a future. Philoso

lot about what this means and how to represent i


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Permanent aspects of ones mind: I speak Engl

French and Russian. I like hamburgers and caviar.

my blood pressure without measuring it.


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HUMAN SELF-AWARENESS2

What are my choices? (Free will is having choic

Habits: I know I often think of you. I often hav

the Pennsula Creamery.

Ongoing processes: Im typing slides and also g

Juliet hoped there was enough poison in Rome

her.

More: fears, wants (sometimes simultaneous but

Permanent compared with instantaneous wants


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MENTAL EVENTS (INCLUDING ACTIO

consider

Infer

decide

ccdhoose to believe

remember

forget

realize

ignore


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WHY WE NEED CONCEPTS AS OBJE

We had Knows(I, T T elephone(MMike)), and Ill

up.

Suppose T elephone(Mike) = 321-7580. If we w

Knows(I, T elephone(Mike)), then substitution wo

Knows(I, 321-7580), which doesnt make sens

There are various proposals for getting around thadvocated is some form of modal logic. My propo

individual concepts as objects, and represent the

symbols, e.g. doubling the first letter.

Theres more about why this is a good idea in m

theories of individual concepts and propositions


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Such relations between expressions in different c

using a situation calculus theory in which the acto

itly represented in an outer context in which ther

one actor.

We also need to express the relation between an ex

in which we refer to the knowledge and awarenes

and AutoCar1s internal context in which it can u


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We should extend this to say that Pat will eat d

unless his intention changes. This can be express

like

Ab17(Pat,x,s) Intends(P at, Does(Pat, (s > s)Occurs(Does(Pa t,x), s)

in the notation of [?].


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FORMULAS2

AutoCar1 is driving John from Office to Home

aware of this. Autocar1 becomes aware that it is gen. AutoCar1 is permanently aware that it must

to stop for gas, so it asks for permission. Etc., Et

are expressed in a context C0.

C0 :Driving(I, John, Home1)Aware(DDriving(II,JJohn,HHome)OccursBecomes(Aware(I, LLowfuel(AAutoCOccursBecomes(Want(I, SStopAt(GGasStati


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QUESTIONS

Does the lunar explorer require self-awareness?

the entries in the recent DARPA contest?

Do self-aware reasoning systems require dealing w

opacity? What about explicit contexts?

Where does tracing and journaling involve self-a

Does an online tutoring program (for example, a

teaches a student Chemistry) need to be self awa

What is the simplest self-aware system?


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Does self-awareness always involve self-monitori

In what ways does self-awareness differ from awa

agents? Does it require special forms of representtecture?

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