s.elll f i-r.ll fi$ill f ti+-r-ir ip - الجامعة التكنولوجية · 2018-01-19 ·...

s.elll f i-r.ll fi$ill *f t*i+-r-ir g-lLrrrJl 6J5.lrll .,pL'a'o

€JaJl lill iP i,."r ct{*.,

tcl* cr..,Jle

a-rr,.J'lJis3ll it l+l - 4iJL-.ll 4*,rijll f,4uraAlll

L---;.3Jl ,-r. ,",iJli c4l,€!t ;;:r'ro g*) L.,i iJLJl ,ri J$Jl -.pl--" .,lc dLlJ'rI ;"' Jidl cris;

{Jsi'll .iq-:rill , e...a:lt c.rl.r.r.. , A-.-rtt gtrii , JS,iJ r:.rl4i'r :d-rl-lr!l di''i"'!- eJ:ll ils "ai Jl.nLlJil ,rl\'.1 l-+: ki)jitj -.pLJl :rri,il!: lre e- L"" . J].-ll o+rlL o+-,''-l ' Jl.Jl 4'n\,.ijl ' d^^lx

j5-! .,jil-rJl JJL-ll .JL:rJ I ; I{sJ-, 3'ro;4-.}"'Jl t-ls'iJl Jlt'-" Jr' c'k+-dl t r t'::'j}l ':r .-rl

(i--.J!ll J----+i ..,1") irdl elll t3l cJr- g;r-e -rrî -rr+r e- ) +or i.,"ll aSî" lrrr Jt .5'ri g-li

4---+1-r i++$l J.LJ:, gii. JU{ +r.j,r.lr Cr:-tI r-i:s '(4;sl!t 4'rJL"Jl .r-i-l! ,J gJt^Jl JS'il! d$î)

L-ir a,&ll {Fr"-' e--ir L':'^ tjrl-l'll ,.+ jJllt I'a$+ ,til Ctt-"lt dl'is3-lr t"jr"o i'SJLaJl clsJl

. C,-alt g j;,e+ d-l

4i r.-Jl !-19j 1..- l5!rl 1-t-FÛ *.-"rt! g;-,rt"'Jl c'Jl}ll J'i u'" i;r"r'*ll JJl'-'all i;'u'i '.'-itl dn-l

.$r .---r-r.-- ;,.-= )-:i . Liull Jils,i)l {rlji- edljjll .JGbi l-s t 91Lo'J! etijll (+r 4t Sill

..JSJI .p1,= r iil'i.Jl3 4+ltl 4JJt^.Jl u"Jlr"ll er q;JL'r'J

i-r 'l;Jl 3e1' rr i,.^jl,JFl &lji]l i+'Air i"nj lnjl :'-JL'JI j ''-rll €jl'il Jl-ir-l+ i-lJJl "' ri

. er";u a-,U', e&'t1s d= #i#Llll dl""ll *FJr a+ Aill di-'rLJL +.'lLll :i'l cr-rl

AbstractM",ry studies have concentrated on form sources in architecture according to many

lundamentals in classification, which have been graduated from generality to specialty of

subject. They have consisted of: Iheories of fbrm ,design kinds . design constraints ,design

conceptual ipproaches , sources belongation and degrec of common source which has

produled many different sources according to these studies

Tl.rese many approaches about architecture form sources and misunderstanding them in

1.aqi architecturai -teaching

have led to appearance of the research problem (There is_ nô clear

idea about the nature ofdlpendent souries { from students} to drive the architectural form in

lraqi architectural schools). The research objective is to define an comprehensive theoretical

liamework about the nature of architectulal folm sources in general and to discovel the

sources which the students depend on specially in Iraq and to explain the specialty ofteaching

which was concerning with the research subject.

The study has concluded that the architectural student depend on many sources. for one

project, this make sure the conceptual comprehensively and the richness of architectural

produ"ts, also the results have appeared many characteristics of products, in addition the

specialty of architectural teaching in lraqi architectural schools which is conceming on form

sources.The study has recommended to invest research results in experimental application and the

essential of keeping in touch with knowledge about theoretical lessons to feed the students

with t|eoretical information and to support the experimental work when they have started

with design process.

87

السنة االولى - العدد الثالث للسنة ٢٠٠٢ المجلة العراقیة للھندسة المعماریة

-.,)',-+Jl n!y- Jl 4.:lJl ,rl3 4ji- !!l 1Jj-Jl: r.,!ls!r .:..,r " "!Jl $.J i,tU' U,J.l-tr +lll

61L-Jl #,'+ialll d4 f.Jlr'.J.L+J FJ;J. 4,ILll .rl+lLi e++.lr rLj;j JElL,J s-$ts!l

,. ,l-r-.L..,.4:ll ir.^i -r;rr-!

'9l L-Li t;e.r ;;LJl p-*;ll ,.'-rl

LJL.JI J"JlJ.ll .",;r.{l ')ij 4rJt Jl 'iull 4i\n

4-j+ lJ C*J!l JL-}yI n*; ;rLll ,.$ .)e.: Jer

4ri.+ r-+;ijl Jl Jln u"Jl!.jlj+i \jiJlj -i.!1 rrJili Li rt. Jl i-J!"l .JJs,Fll ,\rJ!

.9 r---il ;"..11r. -rL,i .l- # r:"..a1l1 i:sl ${s

.5--l' ,Lllll C. JSI-i!.ll J-l iJLr 4jl+ a,'".-i!L_-!Jl ----l;ll. 4,i- tlij)l .!ill & {crL d.'!La.

ajti 4inllr aF-ll Jl .E-r'l ir-.rl.u ,b, Cl .

Cl- .rl C-;-.a,6i:^ll a."l-.,pll .:)lr e. :.:13

i j+lJ.'11 J;J-t i_-+.!l rr.,-i !i\-i iJLll

_;'jllj. :-ii.dlr r-.)L"Jl g+:E _F. ,.r;l cr)l+-

( Macginty 1979 p 158 )..lr..Jl

;rl +^l .J9 ellYi i-r.rii .l- Laa j-,;a

2t-c Ji<^j; Lj..'ll a-lrJl ,1 9_r' ...tl r:-.lt

i---jir ,rll .r.l '\.Jl . r. ,r.l'Jl j .t-ll "rLj . Sl.::t lJii Aill e++l

:,. rlL i;ll,r i.r^^i . + i<,

.i!cL-Jl .r.:') J)s J. 4+.A)l "rA sl+iiJ !*Jl

l-"rls.ll 'J1-::jJl J. \i+^nJ drtriJil $c. r {c ja-)t

.( eilrj- I .. ,i .5.:. .rJo \i'1!;;i.l1 . aLJ* afl

gr:tgjl fr.,aill c*r.l,ri \ - y

i..,-rdl \-\-t,L-Jl

----a .-' xll . J arLJl ;Lljil ,.n'j

''. .,- r-,-'--ll -1" erlUll 6J$ ) "lnl \r-LV!..,;5- Cl a+)-l u- y- a+^^. *l- '.lJ€.+ 5-r

. __--JJl --Li _'i1 '----".-b t i . " .r r- . r -. _--.3

-n .j.lt ,rs illslt ora C--!nJ .(celemter t986 p 45)

-LJl j-,- r" e-ll Ji+..li- jljlll rJl-- -ll

L$.-!!.i"i sill \+l:+ tr+ r,,.Jl e-,JJn jlin,., tll+ll r'S" Li;l Jl-J. t J--U+ !-i!^.ar ia

,+l+ c+- . ;JLJI r:lUtiJ \-t+JlJ +t i'')lJt--.,J il.L,i,llJ i'-ljl C*;lr,.ll u. tr,;dl lrA

eFJ .i--le -'+lJFll #.:X"l . r.rljJ! '"'-rtl

,+--1,.: $Jlr (6--+le tt) 4+JL"J| JIS!)I Jrl -

){Macgintyl980) - ,'r- d..aJl ri}; }F(Metpbors) drl JLL.yl J (. Analogies) d,)|3t{..J1 jF

-.,1Lli!13 (Essences) di+-t-!l o" Js .i. l+ Jl(ldeals) J-illJ (Programmatic Concepts) 4+r..ljCl

dr--.- l-e. le j+ Jtr'l; qFlt JKs! l-"rl-iij 1"l;l or.( \V !J,- \111 J+.511) .#J' -rl ar-,ll

gY pe.;it $.e r1l.r ,J crJt Jl A.-ll ,rlh :r

irt---.lilnil . 4:\51 &ll ,:Ljtr Jl ; 1-r.+- ,.,,q.

!;s )+J, sU;" Jill1 qllrA)l3 L,l3i11 C. . rlqlrlJS,ji] \F-lri zlJrll e-_Jl .{.'t,Jc r&tj lir*"r.-lill .J---A \ t- Li o---iirl .',-:6.+ L"" i,"U+ll

,r--jll .!lJ.'ihlj .;Jsill .rA J:t . Llj- r)3[,,iillj

t, t*<.';r .'ll C.r:i

,'4Ljlt ..1t-. d C.,rlr J6+ J3lJl l.ra ,*g-!-^Jl -{-^ll ;rL.... v--.i i.-l.-r .9_rr ''-\l;Jt Jl C'i ,rf i."+ll i:++il| o"j',il {J. tAJLncL

i---".ill i-lJJl crlJi- "lll. i.rltll a--,)Lr g.Jle

. e -FI .:.'c iJllt a$ rjc. .:,,iq3

4d clSJJl .1rt. -.-r:eJLJl Jlsi)l d!l!.$l ilL,.A 'l

LD-i (J^ a-!l ,t3 s-Jdt 1+IUl *J:i r:t^,,- \./J r--i .,! iJina a€l iUJl 4,-rLfi.! i<- a<+lr.

y' L il\, lijiJl # (.J. t.Llti. . .i.bll r,-Li JiS,i,

a-11... irJl, Ai+!l sLilnJl i*l'l.r ge1 i.,lJl

j+,3 'lJ"rl .*3' g_,,! rJS.iL $-sa etl'j 4.rJL-,

Jt .Jr,-rlj slilJ! e, lJ c,l+e+ll ,.x c.,,l; .l'-.ikll e6$l

;LJill ;L* J * dJla iCt u,r !$*:.lt gl

u,,JlUl u,-----s \+3-5 p.:ca (6+l;r.ll) aa,lr - -tl

88


'', r- i,j- lrJl '.- SI L r'-J' &' :+'+"^ill ilsi'iJl

. )-ii... 4jdl .I+- ; A.+Jl o!'r'ts-'Jl g'r -.;t:';

,i--a ( \ 1t i ,-il--l-ll ) i---..-l:o eii-: L"S

;.', J: "' -r- e- .-']$$ l,'Lt .J" laJ,l:. ii: Jst'i"I

L-.iL6l aJ^*-jll ,r+Jli -tlt -*sJ-l c.liiill e-r''-r"

. ergll ajLi ,. ,Sit .61 gt Jt

f---^iI 9l -r"tt .)t> L e!l-:!Uirl 'u p.;

--le illll 'o;'ri -.; Jnl Jt"'i.J \r-L!l ,r"l':I. L,E JIJJIJ Ll,c. i,.1..;r-r ft'tt

"s P;lt

"*J '$ii r+lt*i r-l-r

;-rf--Jl --J.;ill -*--+Jr: "'ILj .:.,'t";

$! ,i,J\Jl L,J[^Jl lr,Jl l U'n Ui\a+3i '"ittrlJ

€rL--Jl 5i,;lr O:4 'L Mcsintv 1979 ) JSI

J--aii ( ;r eL--a 3!It) --,,- et':- ,,r e':+ J'tsiJl

o\-:1 c.,^cr \-,) $:- tri" lli ,rs +Ult +JLll "+>lt

i..il,ll tp ua$'!j+.r' Js'ir JA oo d'srli

,\--a sJji JrL-.j,i)l dJtr rl/lJ i^"sJl

--- '.-,t+iJl 4,.1+J drt?i,PJl d'aii^ \Ff 4-JJl

g rllrr\! a5;il1 .rJc J.i :.,l -x;,y':.,t"'-tJl ;;ill

J r--!l i3.r-j!'.t ..,)j." -Jl aL' j15 d+' FJ'llJ

L-::. eL-ln $r j: t'Jlr ri '-:ll d q:-":t

-+tJ1 .ilc I J.!,^ 'n-l f$lr t"i}./ (-rljdl)

,-u-l>r -,rU+: ( crU$Jl ' ; 1t s! fJL'rJl

-rr 4+Iii--Jl ;Jt-J! !'iS ''"\j+ijll

IJLJI (Jle

' ,"s,r'L.Jr i*" -tll u'!-ls i''Lll 3:$l ;-11l

-,.ir ^- \ i,jlj 4sJ;:' .:.,14i.J1 ; ..rij

,r--! (Thorenly 1963 ) tal&l J.rF f'Jl 4pjJl

3:----r y' l:r ..,SIr e*";l dl.il e*{'" o"d +j!

-L.l ull.J-e p1L.*J! gl.r,)l 4. "r-iL',C ''jl i) \+

i' ----+r,lr )5 u;: rr .5;+ ,-,t' lll'+-A ;;i

. ':6i!ll

l.J---L |JLJ- 4+L-l djtc+Jj r!! '+ '!jiP(Fonn iJSJI iu t*-1, & g.!-Jl $;It r'er's

( !J'.---J +e) 4+ir (\!Lrl rJtJl)J aiver)

ejlJ-l)lr . illlr aJ:.Cl cJ:tr ,:i" i+t!U .i'st'tlt

,-LiF! $ ---.-:J$ll &Jtll 't^:oi sj'l ;' r'liJl

(\orF \11tq;9Jl) . i+Jl

cr- r/ -rl J:'CU os ol-,1)l '"'tt"'rl

J---ryl cr.b'.,!lr $i'U 3 ed.- tr+ f+ltll dtr

J,-Jl lrA ,Jp ,-Ji-L$ ,$.1 .rl a+lctlll 'rA 13li

f-t!l +li! Jl ,;o ljsl ulJll (Lawson) (Darke)

:-+.;r k--+-*r JLli)l e'-r tl" ''',L'"

lill |i,( Woolly. gJA-'i'' d"^' J'e ilJtr- $t l'tll}

199 | P46)

e-l)Jl ,J J^J oti(Wade 1977) rsl Us

il .+t'r Jl iiul i,i,- Itl db: i$ll #'l; !-i

!s.-.5. c,lJk"-'J' ;51-'Lll J5J i$! i',-$ jr-

,,:*-.-+ d\.ir 1 .. i-JlJt ,.t $i-r o,++ ,-i-A:

r,!l ,J ,issll .t * t.li trS aiiJl drl::ul

P-rrcr ( Donald Schon , (Sarah Dinham )'clj"l

e-r r--l!! d &J i"At"",5'u t '';31 c.r;-

. uJtI er+JlJ.1 a-'olill 'iSi)l ;r' a'rltll '1;'l'

c.rl-,l-): iillJl ol-1-,,pll ;* ,.f+ijl ,rL -.':, ' ,- g-r\.rJl ,:t ilt .r i,,rJl .lj:e iicL! dril

J-.J! dr)l+r ql-Jii: ir" (Rapaport 1985) .i'!u

a_..1.- {riii .L-,. J 1,.t" lS'! d' .++'+ t-l-d dbtso) l.-lrll r+"-:ll 3.lL--l. LJI L"S t.-lll

e;r ..,11--.i ,iJI ii-Jl r-r-r: \H!c 'r" r asiJ j-

dJil {-!l$l -lt .rS" 1$l +lJ .l5-h iJl rJ+i ei^...'iJl

;J.-Jt \r-j+ ) a..-lJJt ,.1 &i ,i! sl t"s'

6-r::ll ' ,.+ i]€-tl '{"Jt- cJr= +r$I a":l-dl

. i t il: ii+jJJi-"- c*lr !il" lcjrcr *-!+ tl.,1

qJ cJL..aiui iit (Creen Field t9?4) ' i -r ''',t-

'1.^.bDi ').-ir"[" .]+ J'-l--I Jrljl}l .,lJ e-ll elL:

p.r,-..c , *,Jtll , rJyl-r ',*! l- ;p.e itea;sll i5JIl

;-.,;L-iJl e--G. lCl ets.r{ is"alr li)g s*"r

rJF-+r H ' +L-Lll 1.91i*'j tu!" Lg o+f3 d"-:ll

!t.1.,'. r-! d'*-'' $"b$l "r:+ C tti

E9


J. irr'll .1l d,,t- , €Jt ,ll a"., .",:I eil"! s.s $"o

JsLji.ll Jsl llL'S e^;ill Jr. "t-i-t'+ .r-"-lJ$l

6--+-r u:'l13iqe e1-jr- e"-j:. t r clJt -f t"S

.rlr ;rSt #,ti dlJr -r rb-r$l rU;. Jl klr-lj-------- .]J]q d.rirl .r"i ,.rr "$.,

r+rLr ot+llii-

.si .rr' <!-r iil'i 4Jol+) .r-'1" l-r 4jL aJ-.ll6t-.j-Jl o--+s cA L" Lllir e--i.iil JLsir)l

l*i--+ \r--S .r,.-".-ii. .JS.i iK&Jl JF llIJi-.l:r :! 4,ILll , o "s., ."jl L"S . rLS!) | r r- b.,) |

,5,! ,Jr crJr.î*ll ,roi; .:iils.tt ;$l ,..11 1-5;i"lt

4r-lLLJJ .--os 4i.lul irL.JrI .Jl J+- \Fl ol+LLllt

dJl il.t s,.--+X ) td) jJ ,r.'- gl.tl3 ir'lJ{ JKy!

.e-ulll

Jr....'rA-p3,illij Jl t^:,j e;iui,ll :jii1

.rJi .1,1..1 ;.rll .:liJj) 4+-.tl+ eil'lU J"LSI JrJl

.JilL-+ --+"-ll +--r f-----c..rr. r.Ui di+{$ rE ll

,r----le res-" Jirii rll .l ,r-:JJ! ,Lt.rll 9L :ti:ic)Ll

e---rL:l.r a---LLrl! . ., r l'il r "!-i.ll '!Jqr" ta t ) Fr*rur i i-,5g &---.i! Jl 6$+ ) a.,slt !>Ls. i i .4bli (Gelernter 1996 p26:), l{ ..;i :,'11 ll

,-,)L---+- _..rl+il -tr i+tUtt C+"ii cr"Jlr"ll cF+ ul

---!ii rF y+ e{,} lliij i+.i:-r _r &ll a.,i;'- +;."1-.).r

pe-JJ! +-;:. ,rs t-"S p+i.- Iti: gJl,ii;q'r c\,il

(AJ .Journal 1983. rJ.i-ljl ;;JL'.! 4rnXl

p87)

Js-Jl ;r . ^..,b ur-)S+ J,*ll d$j L1

d-jl ,Jc -^Jl Jl ,-l: J;+r 4pFrJl r:tl - "tl

oL-...or) | Jl .ltll+. ee,b l+L r_r+r" L-S,j, ,-j.ljS.

J---a laLJ 441,j a: $ ;)iJl -itjisyl il-)k- ;!

^--jj-ir Jf} JsJ &- Js+ SJLJI r:tLll &-A

c.-+i 4.l.L! !rAJ (Celernter 1996 p26). JJii'- elSr,

-t' o+tUlt -S; .'':- ;;L-Jl (Mackintosh) i-;.ra

;1+;r.r L-J ;JL--JI 4i+!. !L":i3 .JS;i i-rr.r

(Rossi. culr, Jl '. -l .F-li).iLJ r ' rl.ll .:Lj:ill,i-='..4lll Jl+- rF.i kt" i.)U!-X Klcihnes, Kriers)

. (Building As Symbols) j,r-6 a.,:.,j! r'J"te .rril

/ (User Satisfaction) sr;^:iiJl LS * :S-.,1,

(\ I rJa \ 11 i qrgil Mcginry 1979 )

i-,.,iJl ,--'}. . l.,!!r a*lt ii$,r ,.i.- L" 'Att{_.rl j_x l.s g-.)t.-!l r:^^-ill , ',,!$ ClJl j!i e-i".-!l 1-r!.' ,.C &. e r-J4 t+lLll 'ia.:, r} .-,r- ( e$l) Jsill J:!.-." et-y Itq---Flr , S+ g.11"-J! LEîI ;+r. C+l-x: Llrji

,e!Lq. sj+J, l.aul 4+LJl _l

. et jij)l 6Jtr i,3" f.irll rlll _Y

;;-l!--Jl Jil-.ei) r--ri.j3l rJL"Jl -l(.rr"+'tt

. 4J+.d.llr i5ul dJ.Lll _t'

. {+JAll $jiil|J _.rr.-jl _o

. .-lllJ"ll 6+Jt dilillr !*r.ll _1

i iJJ L---$1 C-lJJl .il , ;rt r 5S-r l.lS

ij)-c l..l 1,1+l ip y-t" el.r Jl l.64cr',-.r,.

qj--di_, glr.!-+ ";t'l

i;-:.' 6sl.y1 erll-ul 3l:rr.r,",t rlsi. ) A-;lJ d,l-$b d.H{+Cl ..}trd gl eJGJI

r , î .r--.tc ' <-!* cjrYl olsi)l .,11 ,".,r- ;rL;r.

r-ra......,,. .,---le i|+JLill L5CIJ \rj:!l oL JJI

'L-iiY! Ul iJ--s .'* :l I rll j'-,l-ll ,,/ ..-Jl-LJJ---.j,ll .rl* ,-Jc' f-Jl 4l"Ai slc' '>Sj9 \rrL:ll

, i,.1.".< e.raJl ,.J'+ .Jl)l ,t j. )l Jl las. {++Jl.ill

dL-$l 'L--+il| Jli O;'....+Jli JS.i "rL

&,:l-JX. *+-rti '!S.-i ;p r.", g.tr p^.-"tt &+:

,1$LiJl ,, ,ir,Jc -."-11 JJ)l .l+Yl C+,1!

i-++JLll "t-r-$jl e pLr r.rl1 ,.'. r.ill ii1.rall

,r----lc. .:U;!l .L 6...oJl C+-9 siill otg)l eli

pu")l -.p-i 4-r\j U l+*Jr.,J ii"Jl 4-rAtL

. il+-.,l;'ll r sitl ,J+.L .,1;+ sJbll+r

cE l,ll 6.lJ l lJJSill d&.-rill q+ c;.aitslt el

J---j". d !l"c Jsti" ."gli sil .,tir.LJl ,;Jt 'ltL-,+r.iil I <t+-.i '"r'' l-S g.,,rt"Jl $illr ",JLJI

90


d'a'll ts'i' - o

-!)/.-j J* y9 jL-iJl ,la5ll ;rL* u.:i -it,*dl JF inlJl s!-lJil eAl C+;'

L';ll l.:<+;iL:lt crlr 'iJl u,ilLii-lJ

C-rlrjl Jl i+"!.+l!l aJl'Jl ilr r-jr.-a3 -....r

\,--l JJL--JI .iS',111 .)lLJ i*'.ilL lr-lul

e-+ "& .D:,(1 ('!t-.ptt 9_21-Jl pl':11

.!Ltrn-)l 1a,.lr . kll'j, drt" J'll. .--ul i \l I la ..J -\-3itl -l

4i+t-.ll c',t-,tJst -r

?t*t J9-..: eiLl-.,PIl ;" uJl c,5 fili--.rIJ ld i. r J): !r'" gJt-ll ;)S.l,l1 ..;ol,:

JS!-, k+ i-jiJl Li-All !:rrr'i erJr Jisîll d$.il(flroadbent ; i Jjii. JS.iJl iJL4 g'l:'i

.re--;3 .r-ll 1:.+: JiS.,ill Jrts rielJr i l99l)

lslc :l;;)l jF^. ,!IJl riJJ iilii.- ar.- i.,Ji

: lra r gJt '-ll tiS'i,ll dLd''il '".,*i:i s3

a-ir.rJl (Pragmatic Design ) !r.aii"I al--:ll -\#-.--- '+ijl Jl---jriyl rD: ; .E,jill d$.1,1 4.d

,,j,.,1] . i#<i J..ail ,j,i'.j .'',r-i 6 ;iiJl 6i."ilj,i+-q-, i----.$.L trl) i-+Jt -b:ll .jrJ'-Lllr

JS-JI ..11 .r--.+ l- ( 6Jt... e,l" U;., qrU;it

. irj"-iill 't:ij.lir Je Clli

.,ii---l! ('t'ypological Design ) lrl.Jl .^.-3ll -f!r.:i 1.u: Jr)l j'-jil-J r eCl lra \'s JSJI

JS--JI 6\$,j,) Lt"ill cll J+j'r 4i" ISlr iiil"

!t-----'iJ) | ,...,...- Js.i)l €lIl C.r+Jl J'i: +J_ri--i.I _.p,-a^ ul qia 1-. lat"jtl ,4r') \i-Fll

.-r k-+ LiJL-.iJl €iL--"jll Jl ij+ tta

.C..+-lt

r-+ (Analogical Design) i-8!Jl' r+';Jl -rC- 4Js--:ill 4{i-.r,Jl Dlf (J* JSJ| duj.jil

J- +J.ll Ed l$ r.l;,i-l .':- i$i.i- C+l-r

'-lli 3JljL +r-! o!ol.{ I qg-l !x.tL^Jl1,.j\- i ..1 sll Oll.ll ,rir- i,jJ >li.i #

(Alexander Creek Thomson) Jt---."cl d3..;*-t'r3

4--4.!.a|\}..."l.,," :r- # i+-il! e\C) 1t'.

jr: C-.r JS.j{ i' s3+. t+A !J^JF irsdsl(AJ- Journal l9S3 . liJsjl iJt-'ll i,ie dJJ""

p8l)

\Fl iilr.r- 4-JJS! ak+j ::+r d+- t^" ,ii-.,-

\r--jllr CIll ,rr 4-j-Jl iilnlt-+ clL:s ..lle' -oJc

,n H # irlLll Ji rF rl"sJl *t-.;*ll gr+ !I>j -r t-.-s g-rL---Jl Ji$,ll Jl J *.1'I1 cr"rlJli rlLll 6 rli-L..i rlsJ i.$+J$ll '. '; ;p eJ-nJl

# dS, dlJl '.u ;,. g3-,F:tu erl.Ltl J'-! lâ

;t-r-.o+,J-,rl -ll --+lll J3: d C -r-rlt a.o

t'JL-.Jl pl'il *ri;qrJt crt;!l;;ll lrA o! .Ltc

!S---lll C-lJ. C. irllll &l*.+ el'r:-.2Jt1 ftJt .'rs

\ :i !iL--...::l t.u e-; i.,!l'p e.-1.; rJ+J lrc r

. "'-rtl lte eW i+t'll c-si-t

(3.+tl ils& -;ir--d.;I ,".-,rl aJS.i" dr.ul gll cr" j-x

Er- rJ:--.--- e.-bl1 J.,ii rFJ er.+ U'.i$ 'Jili3

LJS--îll JW--,i) LiLll JLn jF ir"ir-ril eslJJl

4.l-J.-i ; cllrsr iJJt"Jl g"Jl.lJl ,o! sij-'Jl:,+"-.rK!l c.,L-'Cl $l crjl+ll ll6.t al.jiJ ll dLlll

.4+lll

&+ll rira - t

t'JL-.'.ll Js----ill C+l! rf-*'i -.rlll +.si -t. i.ale "o-.1_.;^-1

i-rll"ll Lri.in \-3ll C+lfl lilisi-l -Y

\F-r t'JL---&Jl J6^xll J Jr.-rll ir-.iltl

C-+slJ : lalJJl L-ldrtsll drL*jJl;

-r :rl5!l gL*JJl .J dl,lll .lr-r,-i

. qil+.ll l.:A ,J 4+lJJl

9l


, +--liLrl , dix[-Jl. rllt, \+Jlll Cslll)

\rr 4--;J. [.Sr( i.--.ll 4inl:ll .;J+JJ ' ii-ri{J

Jlrijl ljlc (o,trr,Y,\) Js^l,Yl

-ri-----+ ji ..yc -i'5 Jii (Candelson l9S0 ) l-i

(S)slcrn APproach) \F-U;JI a."'3ill J-9)1' ;-1L"'JJ

C rq--r !J--+lin 6E: e.iL g-.1L"Jl gEill *il 9:ll

;-11-*Jt Js----.lll ,Jc J .a5ll ir.-b\r +6t^a-l

;L-! ru.is;JLJ ;li.ll a--iijl Lix..rL.,'! I .jX(Architecture as System Of Cultural I I *:Jl!--i.J a$ a:L ;;t-Jl JJl F rii! Meaning)

.r--lc t-5j9J e. .;Jl *,L^JJ I -rl " i-:1. Lr

slliir. ei)ir')l3 {L,jnll Jl i-; i.r'l,xll C,rliJl

.r---rlt e;jilt d,\+ dl L-s JiS*LJl CslJ. !ij,-a ajli

a+-.rb 3iL--+.r ,*L LtrJt ..u c..,,,* -i!.:i

;1..'!--ll Jl i.il ;1' ( \r+.e.r. ,r-!' .+ r).+!t(d1.. l-rr. +ll-+, +-rt -iiil. 4+eL"i+l) liiF:-ll

' ( 9-1t':r a6;)

l\ ^ J :L{- (Gelernt€r | 996) i-lJr 'ii,,i,

;rL-J ic u; diJj.r i-,ri '.'- Ji '''J- J+'ll

Js-.j;)l Jl 4}5ijill i sill da 1il$.1 (J ;L-11 ,E i,ll

Lrir Llujl i '-sill Jl r.-.tt g+.tt J+ill Clij

(\ A-r Ja): *! W o", 61.i.3 ;irLj ..1. aii!,i.

J-Ljll Jls.j,ll jl a-:i: \!$Jl i+4;:11 d 'lii-\: r_plJ;ll ,-XLl tl 41"..-lr+ Js--iii ,r--i+"ll

jr o'l G--jal a, t S( +-x-,,. -'.r

';1! i-,cl" til)

"+=!r" *ir-G: .Ia9; , i.,,;r .-\ ie :ll cJLrL:

idrl.ii<l j,Lrij *il: dl... tjl+- $ fuil"L -. :xi;- p.* i.L-l-.;r

rl L).1..,-) iil+,a .i.:: gl.ulli Jlsir)l lJ,Iil -Y

C--,-: d'--+. a-Jl dJ iis.i,ll u,ats Jj',i

I-,+ L tr+- Jlc ;+:+ <iiL;L i-.1.u l-.fSit

'r.'l;s+J!., ,rs+ L lr j +i3a-- -,;ac ;q.s jS;i

i----rYl ..1l -rF ;*ij L Jiill ,ra ;1. Lrj.ll

_.rl <ii-r C--*;ly :+-l g-.,;L- g! iilJl

) e..,l l^rJ . klLrl.ti" -i)l;l g. e-jl+ 6J 'S!.

cl aLJl J+Ujr eLi,jrr d.+is cf +jr-.)-F ,lC--r* e--r (

,", ;l: ' rl dljlri) \4rii"lL- lnlc ,.5-.;ii1.. (Johnson Wax Factory)

-Fi C-----+lJ. tl )3a JS,ll J' - iJl r-i.(ou-)t 6.,- dF rl rJ+l) +JL.-

LiS"ill ,j'i4 (Canonical Design ),r:3;liill A"'-:tt-t

J' . Jl ljl , 4+drA ris.j;i :Liic l d)Li' u"

. .t."b!-.,-l if-:il b.t+r gl ,rJl :y; sJS,ill

JS-iJLi L..-lsll -2tt ll !'i J*'dr ,illl1

e it----.j, 4i+Lrll, ,jJ'$ ,.,,1r+ ): cJ,.ini qri^*J

e-l :cly3, k+,rti ll '.JLJI Ji: .)il.r g" ifi,1-

( .{Jl!J !-rtA

..,p1-.-. g-.-ei r-ji! (Antoniades t990) Ll

crl+:,61 n--l .F tlr.il iDll L+ .5Jt Jl Jls.'ijl

: .r.,,! L.S: (Transfonnation) J9.3!l

:(The Traditional Strategy) !+liiill ilr:1jrJl -l

6lrr.--a-d .L-Jij;i {--+'..15 lrJ}n L{lA .F"ll

)rL...-r..r r i.pl-i. )lr t -;*tt. glt) a++1ii

e-LjJlll ,i-:+LJ) i rl:lJ c,rl::.*"3 ( i;ig

i-ii r:.rl.r.us..3 ( 4-+lSiA J,*L....'. ,;L;illt+Lo -,*l*y : l.:l-aii)l eslClsi+ll'iilD

sJ 4,F^l i*lil +lF! ul .;n t^" .(a,Ft

'Jilill litiill\11-.i e rL"j ,",-rt.lr",ii: (Metaphor) tJLi-)l_\

k'r+ ,-t-Fl q+ Jy-.r '"-{lt fjl ar. 4i,l-

(Pictolial Transformer ) l-a..13r- c.rY3r--:r

-;ol,i- u. r:.ll.u:Jl ;a];,; UaJ . Cljjll dli3.iY

' 6Jul J;$: crilJ--&l : 1De tomposition ) 'r\;<;r'l! Jl '.j

\''ill -lj-Jt l+Jll i++ r4JL.:L.) tasFr +$.+

9l ,r---+t L* ;:l\ i:+r +-r+ p$+ r1-r'. !l

sil$l ----.-Jl gl.:J3 ilLJl tulSll e:l-il]. a: ilrl !L+ eilll Jis^ill dln il j di"Ai

jS,Jl -,pL-.-- t-;.j 4-lJrll ,-- J $r

J-i 4- "JJl glrr)l oljriii;1.6i-l ,,jll fJI *Jl

92


n lJ l-\i!iJl ;.;ll ; q:Jl 'rUt Ji; e+-

. l"rill

i.-+-.,r-, jSi .ror.'Jfull a-lJl 3J'r"llj u"-! | -+jJ---fI r"-l d "-+ii:

!uj!l ar d+l'rll ii'r' r-!r

(Tuscan 'Doric 'lonic i-----Jl 1'---'J,tl^"ll

j\J,! Js il d+- ( 1,J$) (,corinthion'composite

\-!1 ileL---;ill-e;"---.o!l ,' ''l :cl! cr,*

. i:---.t!l ;l i.,----j i.r^4i ,r'lo a'dull 6eLJlr

\rr \.-brj r-+:i l,.S. dl" lrlilte ii-f;lt '.l;'alii

U$r , grr.,)l) o.or Cll K'j'ili'dUl u:LJl

i riti 5!--=.o r (Cl ' ,rttt' "Uol" fqill' a+jll'

i-+Jt"rJl j '-Lll , ,"--l J-- JFI l+Jte J#]"ll

'({Gelernter 1996 P24'

-1(ll -.pL-- lr-r. a$ll dl[-lJrl iijllr

(\ 111 J+J. l) ' r' riii;iS -ro ;.l-r-+ r"r!l:

. . . J,il ,'':t- JJ,-.tl 41!l'i!j! \'.n rJ\,5-Yl 'Ji^a'

.,,rt-+ J\ L--+J" .rA rii Ul+J rii5 -pLJl

t '-jjl I "s ;;L-.^Jl j:"-r'' 6J: gJ -i i'rL'Jt

L..jilJ'orLJl lf+" J *- (,ill iJ\n-)l J$--'

grJl .j5Jl1 i'-,i,Jljll iJiillr.i+l'3tt 1C u'" rJ$

.r-i.Il #:ll ; j;-)l JrL'aJ A''J!l.r \-1' 4l' I .''.Jn

J$......s !.1, X JJ \t'F i-ltJl elr;" gli "rt

. ;-..o3j,.aJl iJU:*')l -;:La'"J a-'''J"$ ii'l-)l

-\< r\1 ..,;rL-.*

'C"aJl ss 4+' a+l.rr' l-i-J

', ^\.i ,l )i| ( '\ I 1 A s' 9r''. U'it) 't-t-;r 1-'l

,.s-rL-.Ji €L-31 LlnJl+ 'i'ls .,tll erI3:ll '*'+

\r---!-til J.:,:ll dj J r"'Jl.^ii drF 4nr- Jr'-l"r

' '.,] J\ J,' i.- *F \S;:"3 liilL )s'j' Jrsr

i.rui1 lpJl eU'ill gr":t''i' '"- ^l lJ aJ '&-'

CLil\ JUrr L:!l lJ-ill ,ri;j 4 '-ilj*ll ;rt'-Jl

Ir i:t;j LJ ++-!l \'+ -.;r!'-oJl i-l-'pll '"'" :ii3

.l-ji' .J:l-: ; ;:t"-' 13iiJ Js'ji)l J'"'j'i ''''i-

, . IJir iJL-Jl , Ljir gji ;" .,r:La'l ;-!"rJ!

J+lJ.-r$ jgr) 4jlr d1ti6.l!& Jri:"ai'ji 'rt

-r-5,--.L'; t9\5 rl .rg cJtSl:t dait li'i Jt Ol

. JJlil" I sPli U4;

i+,!Jl .- u:)l: : "$lJt .@Jt C, \Jl'i -r

ior^+" rt 4+- Ct:53 .Pc ds d btr+r

b.U c..Jt i.i- !i]l d\J- Li :e"1 iS n& ej6!v

clS,,l4 , ,,l. r'.', d^Jti t iJjil" I .^jtol'rrl ,rJo \"'\;

-+illr. ,lJl orJl ' qr-lLll 9i-'1ll r';'-:i^ .,;'e

e.-^ f .i-rLiirr -'- Jl tr c** dlo+ll.lLJii 1,-. :-: .llhl-r ie"'T ll cr^ lJcD

J--Jl .tl e,--l= \r+JLjI Ll- ll ,.rl :.t+J'

t{j.r ,j{- $J{ dJti ij'i{r' c;'ait'an d€JF+

L.....- Jl iSl l 31 +6$ ,v+ d s-l-r ):^

.J< ill ..Po' ,il u.-l \-' ' lSrl eil'sll 'ur

' 'Jr.J; f'ilS" -,1a .t$;a

:'.$L--Jl \{;i!r- ipL;+)l :e,.3'll 4+ir -t

-$" L3r ,"' -" 4a tryt l'5itt rj6;:J gt

"sr.--a'lt 6rt .y. iaJ'' -.!sl US ..rC *Fl

r--.!ill3 g:L-'ai!'ll €Lj'i)l 6-r"-l d^--^nr

L"-.irll Jtl!-jJl )-'"i C,.i+ll ,J 4+'td+)l

,--,-oil (Hardauin Mansart and Levau )d

Uy ,J ,r--lcll ,rotii:. Yl dJnll cFs'i €t-j

(Frank p-..all CrJF-ll Jjl'i" Jl 'rt- 'd

ar-.-er k--i.fi;+ ju"i \till Lloyd Wright )

j-F-ill (,.! rS> ,J trll liri t.Ilir \r'-ts

qlS,j$ -Jr.--^ !L.i. j cLja lJAsr utlji"I, ,:p3 i-!. 15";,1

:\--.iol 1-!jh : L!J\ 3:laJl-9 +*'il !-'lJA: -o

;;+ll rj-Jl o,U & "+ +l\''o Js''t'i

6l--.r..-.aJl alS,ill .jt-rL ,"il"tl t"+" CIJI

: ot'+.;* J"inJ ii\AJlr' ?"'ll

,r*i qr-llj cL--jJf JSll i"'"sa'lf cl4rs')l -ij eL--.iiil, Basilica lsr!---'!uJ) & ( u'!Yl)

tl ..;gtd Atrium ;J*Sll lllJl ' iar-pr i':l'rJl

!--a,r :-J+r qt t-i Js'i) iJ\Jl rl'i' i'p JJL'aJl

93


-,trl ^J i---r,L-ilJl c.rl: 'iJl d irlUl arl,tir .. ir-Llt JsJl

r r+:i ir*ull gJt.Jl r_F,r,ll _pL.-" ;p"l;l r. lJ ., ,rl 4,t.rtill griil

I ilLrl -l.i JF LriJl +i^sll e.Jt:!.Jl J'+i; .>Lll =t--jj

f .iil 'll

: . ,\.eJl . ,l l --i

. ( "-dl)

j (.r--r-_r.ll) .H+<-Jt

;;s--aSt Ji) | #l!l glt.Jl pL:ll;l r. 3--iil agtr !+,,,llJL tuILJl r,Ln

.J J-' -le.''-,ll r&l Cr ll 'J &l {Y-V}

', ,r- .:rL JJI C-+ 11l^c sJ 4+l++-Yl iJUi-)l: .irr. iill ],s-ilUi.6-r cE---Jl *'a ** i

. lnt :- .!1

_.-.^ ,-., +-i .:-+sj ir crr.Jt ijc (r-v);i iiLll eAr,',-ttl iire qr.: e+.li iJi;r:iL!"Jl,.j+ii; ;; ,-l ,4lir 4ilJ'Jl LJt-1l .L-!91 j

.,-:rjl a---+l-Fll dl .1<i l ; ...rtill ,".-i'l ljra

qr e--$tt . ; ^:t e:-l *JUll,, i,1411 6r*-. . +li ll l.u J- r-.- Jlrir , J 4rJL"Jl i.;"..;l&ll

,L-!Yt ;" <JIJ"3 .-rllJJo .)+ iipJt e+- +s iI < i-,.rJ,l .iSill i*.I+ll1 rl.r+ i.'.1+ si ir.Jt"Ji

: qP'ht' "'-ill .,slJ

rl-r1il ai ,', :- a+"1_$ J.:IJJ d trjill -lJL'-jJ i__5lil i__15!rr l_-JinJl 4l-J*I

. ti,) tJrsr.ll

..1)__l.t L___-,'ilU :+"!F;ilt eJt Llt d Erd _r

ir^..-;Jl JSLii.Jl r\-r dJl .. \ i*lJl al-J.ll

. ,.J)Lll l.6J &1+ qF,llt

A-:ilgll L-l.rjJl ,-..,U1 ++;l! g _r_rlJl :s; -rL,-ii,"' -",."r)---L,ll 6+"+ J"o Ut.;l .llie

. :l.r 1tl ili,j,^ll *ir,E,-,11 Lll 1{ll ,++ \rjll i--li\ c-l +:j iiJ el -i..',-rll ,=/ J";j_Fll hA uAil dJrJ 6Jt i-Yl #

. ( r.u...r. r;,ro €ir-t . \F!tl".j J".i r g'rL*

.4-+.i+l) dl^,iia iJul Ji. g-rl: ;p -,pl-.a.ll Li

_Fi dls-:r)r Jl liu)Li c ( oFr, tr+rirs

( v ,.ts ) .( r-Jr J.l^ d.) i.iltJr

.+rl*i # lir.LJ drLlJ.Jl !-DEil d+- t". ,.1+

('\ ) dr.l+Jl ,.s e-.;r" l.Sj jsJ,ll JrLEJ r(irt i

; .Jl ^rl ll rJ.. ^r -Fe $lr

i-+-'t -b.ll 'rill,. i+$jl ,,ilFlL ".lri:r .*l-r _\: Jt j.r crl$..-a 3 : tl-ll ol:r.-.) ;-,L'.!l

. ( c-j+-]l efr crl+t', i.r:'i r:.rl$.-.

o- €rl!) Ji^.jiijJ ijlul e iLrlLi dLll (il>" _Y

J--n iJs,i-tLji, i+Jre cjls.il )ij-,u Ji,

6.rt-: er e it j . (tll.. -' +$ll IJLJI( ehill

.( 4i,++l r;;, +i++L) ;JLJI

d* ! ) i+dCl g:taJl, g*-!! dl'r C-lJ,. _rJS--JI grL, i,6,J.,)Sl |JL"J:.*.ill $Jli.r*L+iiJl, .,' tll, eLjilJl ,-f.'":-.;'?'lt ejlt

.( gu... ;r!t, i..bilr,

4---.1-r rJ^-,ii3 ;JLrJl 4:nlS. j+ dJ'jl C.:lJ _iii[- i-..JJl^u 4&]) J"-'ll +:-r,r ..r io.h

i .!-r.".rl) :-;:L 6-l-p_e . (.$l- q.itti JS!'

.( ir3L r.JrL;ill_

crlJ \ ';ll) 4.---a\r -.-ll Jilrir dlii cslJ. _o

( ;J-'X 4+-dl glarJl. decl.ll)l

. 4:it dt i*,lJJt- v

crlJ "-;ill JSJ]- -: r.#:l3yl €lJj,,aill (l -V)

J-+ rr....-- ;uir,-Jl gLa"Jl i++L *1" ii;lJiiyl, k+l+ J+." r !!l-l*ll i.,..1' -.ll lr.JliJl d aJLII

-2$--J g;Sill e.eillr:.:i. ljll g-1Li"Jl gx l .Jl

L-lr. dl '--ll .rr g_j-Jl ,rL:ll _.,;,e.re r cEJl

-: $!

"-+.Jl ,.rlE' it tJrJl ilrJl r.L tl aU.,i!l r1t ,S, r. gE i} Jl[.a rr.

94


,r---lc i''llll l..Jr cJ".l dl e-t\.iJl 5.1F Jl rr.i

. ejtjll L.jls.,iJl .rr 'ti:L.ll -r.ilj*JL ..)L-b:i-l i-:;r..jr 'ir\l .",- J -: r.-.Il t+ll &ll (Y-\-^)

,.1.-+ J+S d,ii dtiA JLi (Y) Jr:.lJ \rr 4-:rFl

i>+ ''' ,r' rJii! !)A JF i:6,l'J.ll 4JL aLr5. J

a{-jlJri s--lc' J.-:\lLJJl i.l! u^ o/o i I JLicl

..r-+: o.r +-rterJl Jls.jill Jl J3-;11 ,r-r dpll)l

e-arJx d-)sll 6\+e$l Jl Nj.%rA tr+J j)4Jjr-ll J"Jl$l ; Ltc ill- L6i) \r4 l-. JSJ

:-r.-;* Jr.1 !,lllJl 4in ej+ Jl ..F4 llAJ 4iflJ*ll

,l-:,lr ;rt---i.ll 4^l^..i -b jJl \F.i

4+-Fll aF

i........--tJl ir_.1L"Jl JS.xYl at$ J^"+ [Ar e."llils--:Jl J:y 0.r,./ i,JL+ erll rl F 1+lll1-+

o---s (Celemter t996) .FU e'rt ': l:a-r i-l^rgaill

.-l-... a.6. J'l.. g:r"ll .Jill Jl C-:i ''',1- 4'1-lJr

. .)SJl -,Pt ^

-lS-Jl _2:L- .j)-----iil a& O+- 1". J-aji'r

j ln^.-irl -ELi,Jl !r3 j tr4 (!-bJ) l+li|rr

: .r_,r .-.r1 ,r"Jtr_Jl q5r i-jljll ai.-111 jti"ii txi.,..,,- 1+,,f (

"l"r*"tt j*.) ;$lt J6.i,!! i+illl

, .-,lr Lrl ar-; # ii-:Jl i,-lill jl: .r-: L-

Jrr jljll +Jl-Jl elliill j.l.,.iltJl .rA \jpJ

;--..'LlJ! ;:,!--.1.,- lillJ ai--Jl ,.,lJk Jir}n ...l re-

. i-rlJ"Jl rg:l

.i--a -l^ii-: iJt-J i,jls"i elJ. (r-\-A): al$l .ll.)JiJl rJiiir

1-.....,..3., : -,,-Jl "+= r: e-lJ" (i-Y-\- A)

C--+i,.ll l\ ^ .r! (r) J-er.tt \i inrJ*J eJEjll

i i ,1.- Jl pl-iil d a.,,L]l u;J -2L::j-')l pil't

d'.--jA J \, iiJEll aL-r,.ll aJl.LJ:.-"ill+i , 4'liliFll

irl) !-i..ll ,Jc jSJilL li.ll.l'll J+ t{,.tii

a--,$ll .rt--+tii .1. % o ' 31 ''!- e+-Fll lrd

0/6 o , .;.J-JJs_e r$LJl !Jt"'Jl drtoj,ill rJ. s- di^Ji

:Li:cl *i+ L- .itril jjl. l dli:Jl JSill u. !t-;l.u

Jr-rJl # C+/ lrA .,l' 4!1ill il=-;'.ll iilt

ClllJl 'lrLl (A )

,J-+Lr +- Cr-lilrJ.ll G.ili.'tl 4'llj (l -A)

.l---+LJnll )S: U+. i$.-ll e.l.lJ*ll uiir g.rE:ll

-t----SJ islJl "rrill

lr-nll .-..,3L! e$33 ;:- .Jt. JSll +riYl JiS.ill CSIJ4 .hJi. ir.6ry

,j AJIJI ,",-. r-:;eieJ.Jl FIJJ ('\-\-^)

a-il3ll ilrll .ill 6i jb6) cttir ol.f (t) Jra+lt

.r,,""1-.r-lD s.--e s'ay r----lt bJS r.r-.i-r- cJS&:

J epr.-r J! Li1; ( iJ+Jl.ill .1l,""Lllr llilil

eFi'i rJe ,rlr .J+ t-" y1+ll si l+Jt^.b.ll e.rill

lL-A ,r--j rarJ$ di / :i*; l:13 Lr,. t+ll lla sj,a l: LitJl i-, -oJS+Jl i,+.'lJJl ILJFIJ tFClLJ- kl 6;Jti. g+ t" . il=J ll *r+-.rs qrLL

t*,i Jii! -Fl: .J"-, 9,-*-U .*t*rr:*,.r5

!....-)+ i*lill i--L/ ..-,)!I a-.Jl, t"1

ii)E l.6--l s---jll Js.iyl Jt"-b.]-l(Jlc *j$-Pr:iillr .ijlr+ll ,r,Uj J"ii g -1..;6.!l \+JEll >"J-Jl{

eAll'r J--+ JF j 4'riBll lsJJl d a+-rL':'lt

rl----.iAl t)l ii+ L" Erli.! iilalil J|.!.l,-lsll (Jlc'

JS--.ii 6i-1 .Je , ,,. rl \.ii^l! aL-Fll sr 4+ILll

.1-.- 'ol.-1i.".-e g3 "!Jl qr+ttill l+..lt 4. 4]jlF

ar- t+Jl dl,ltl ,+j-t !,ijJ".' l.:r5 ra-.i.-a.Jl 6ifl

1"...-!c iJJ--r e-i\ t -' . aL)Jl ,,f"i-1ru r.J+,

e,ilFlL-+ a-iLill .:_r.jl ,r.lCl .fr- 41JLi.

.all.'. {:6J1, 1+'i/l

i-+-,rJ c/ S-/l ,-1;t .y"t$t r'!!- l-" J+liI t:rLtl C=IJJJ i-'I!ati!" " I c.rlr 'iJl "L

ltS ;l'

a-Uirl J-i +tlJl ;'1In rlrjl L.ls 4jl j>'"t'.

q+lJ,.IL-+ a-...-t"3rl :lj3 g j-2.iJl i-rlilil J#LlL

'a llt e -tul C' s'+lt i'ilc .1" i':. llt i;;;ll

ujl-:J C--j.:J 'l\ -1 irl.lil 2-J,Jl .! ccbiJ

9-+r (.9-jlJ.Jl Js.h ete JS& cFlyqrl ,rcl.r)li-++rr Js--i,u JJ'-e. j,.bsi-l ,/,ill-JJl

-.;,1" L-: p' rc.L d.!- gJt '-.ll dS,i,ll Jl J-rC

v.)


;----ijill :JLJI 4:..r"ii .r" e.1,, JSîlt JIJS,, \rS]

<sl.l.- i+-Jd !'S'rJ i+J .Jc -).l,i3 t JJ,Lll

e,r-31 *1,, -: 4r .rl e:t_Jt (r-\-^)J--+ .r. _16> Jtta Jtr (Y) ,!!t d L-br JlIr ii:-f-

rp____! , irii i .JSIJ C-rlll oJA *1e' i,Utt

;.---jjlill iL_!.ll i-rlt j^ o/oi^ ,.i.tJ,,,:l- :i-rLaiill

Js__Jr Jt J*JJ iJut LJI _-n JK,.lyt {Jc'i--i$ .F- Vo t o t{),.) ._r.js \rJ f{+.^jji ur.Lill

o.!i; .:rr.:r L"S . 6+_.;rll u*ij ,Jc i*Bll iLll4*l-:ll J a:l[jt :J--.d(%o.,%ot) l+_F +";tl4r-\J nt+ls") | ,Jc p.rLaic.t .)j- cJllt *1,(d1... 4-lltll +ar_.!r r c[ift) -tLjll -"t ...-rt Jisî.U

,'--!!'J ll ++tt gt-r-r-t p:c' EJLlilt (J^ nJf L+ .

.JY ( i*Etl i.-__!!t .rs t.5 +g! cryls l.:e)

)rj, rl .r-- -:rL ) iJL___-Jt Jii, gtl.i !x 6+,x-g',ir,Jl J J,i Lt" {L \.1 *-; b (rro*lJ rr+-,1iY te-:l .'. ,r- LJI *Jl a-J.1^jl

+-+J_$

. e iL"iI d][ tt g 3+_lt (51" i.,tUrIe t .J ijirt ..ll

5 jl ; lJUt Jl . . -".. ,t ul

.r-jjl eJLilJl L ,_rl l-,LLlt olr.rt J+ ig,rlilt.liS; :i 6

jL":j 6;JL^L C. 4jAlJJl Ut-:lt ,, +.-_

.lr JPIJ- l0 i<ll a{!Jl i J 4{+Li. J*i. Jl i6itLi- irnrJt :ririt rj.Jt ot sj,t t. lul # !.lai.u tjr ( ;JL,i*yl) ir' ei-"dilt # i+t!u JiSt &igirJ!__L ,".irirt l.{__ inl- !L.ji, rJts;i ;. ius4+i o,.'+ lraJild aLll 6tl ^tlj <.59*;rll

"!{r.: J1

.,-- _t_i! | *iI Ll ;JL..I (Mackintosh) L.;r";ls-.iiJl J - \rJ i-igjt

"t" l-,+ rLi iiLll

u*)l r-i)i.--.r-l Jl eSj----+ .ri llAJ r+^rq-illji- L* J+4. i-l-.,pll rli ,+-,,-Jl ,.* ...,k+:,ltrilrj-riJl r-ls "{-lJJl qJ ;i,J:!t ix .r.t+,lt

. ,'.,*,-rll C+ -,;,"! 4J,**iiJt

H9-: r,.trll 3.!-rJt3 4l-Ji.ll U!.*)l ("_f _,r)

\,.r tirl..i dtA jl{ (y) Jr+Jt # i^:r *Jt ejtnll_,!l2 o--:iltj 6J'ijll .+J i+j,|,.giilt cJl, ,iJt LlL

.t-ij.l i!-îJl4 d-sll dlllSr. g_.rLJl rJS.iJt Jt,,' ."{l

'C LJ...r d)|::'l dllio

"Flr a.".lsJt iLJJt

i,_+Jl"'.ll .-jjll (Jlc' i.rlLl. I g,.% oA r"i+ c+:

\F-----3 lLJl JSil *1" e+i.% lt \ r-i I .tl;-$l*ll

.$Jr" Il Js.i'll Jl l.Jr.--dl

:,:6t!r _{rJt-lt pl*"$r ; aJUt Jr..^-,,...t jl.Ji---+.1 o-lSlt 6uilt ,tJ !r,,J _FJt J,tiLli y--Jl 4-_-it. { J .JL_{i1J J__-Jt e,+t Jc'

. Cr+-x rlJl Jl+J! 1!116. Jtr ( e1!Jt 4il5"j)

3__--erii: !_-ar]l i._rrul e+l!l(,'J_f _1 _A)

+-+tl +---+ L.i,ji dlLA al.,i (r) .JJ\JI \rj Ajl$ll_e.rJg-fill ol:jJl .Jr ,.l:Urt l-J:

,r.r ;*:iLJ"lliil ,.lt i.,s[îs-yt rir]ll sj],,rs r-.!iill ,qJ

% v \ 4!-_."ir Ajjljlt ilJJt iJl"l "+-i _rj C+J6

. % o 1 a*ljll aLJJt :.J!l i.!"jll .:,jls J+- ;4E --"

lriL_Jt r;.rL-iiyt +jll lrt ,ir l.!,.j....- %r l)i,itLlJl )S .1. :s]!11 19j JLi.j-yla-J-J,"ll a-rl.L b-.^%t\, i_j1Lijt ilsll ij.Lqrr irl.tll :r."nL, Llc {L l1.'i! ,.+, t-" .(L_till.Jli L- ' <jr, t\ ,r_r iJillt .{JJLJI fL"$lJ-i,l: rJ"Jt # lL.aiuilt cj:r (creenfietd 1974)

c)r- g++.!ilt ';<tt ili Jt .5;q lra gt . 6-;Jl4lsJJl \r."gJrt otc++ril Ol $jj L", , rllJ+l .rA

.JI ^l: LK.ill C5|JJ +rMt r5; ,,s ,,Sll Jlyl. iiLJt arrL.€.:iyt !,jtj+Jt & ,:,ilj+Jt !,b+

e---+-.rr s-r u.+lsJ,all dr-+t (J.,ll$ll J+. l* #liJilS.j C-,il! LJ+-i!l drhl."lt ,Jc j,rS,J:ill

d.+u-ll dlj d$Ct v\ at- !jS-U CFI-r 6rt_Jl

ilS--îll Jt Jr*rll *- C+_xl t.:a .rket oicl"Jl ' rl .,,! i-i. titt eJti,Jl ;1.i elJrJ3 g;L,Jlqp.rt ,J! tnJLncL r .9&

,y' 4$l).ll 4r-JL,Jt

i-.rL* k J: i!1.-ilt k:t5i" J35t # 6JjLJt j$-rjlr or . gtsJl ellj, i;1*11 dlj3l ++JE +$:-, r,r+-q1a i+re..,lJl 4j;i:6lJi-l l.qL ULl CLtll ,.11 ,n +er Jl <ill " 1l g.1;ll,Jl f,+-;lr ilrjr 6JJ!. iJ:ii

96


oi-,ir ,Y 4-i,LJt !L"j)t -oJid-t Jt a.iL:t -"-Jl!.eJt*Jl ilS.j,ll

.5U..iJ J {.,trEji-Yl ({lci+L:iidl ('\ -1)

,.F.s :J'1".11 J+ .r. ruill q:,!;Jl r4.ui -.1;i r1!-..r e rrlll t r:il1 +$t-*ll i.rJt"Jl tt*ill-5 ,;L--Jl alijll 4+"jlL JlSs)l 4rJJ-jr .jlc J+

i+F .j. LJI lra or .,;iJl .,.c Ji,.- l-. \r4rlSyl

J.f.* r'.., ,1.; '!L-a.Jl .r-F r-r1 .,.+r+

-J---+ 4-J-),4r iis,ji nEil.j,L J;) .41!.5 la.lo

4--LIJJ| !,-iL--.-ill d:rl: ijl-n"ll JlL...ll

. i-t-L)l ;Jsllt

.;*,11:Jl ..----! LJt"Jl ll+Liill JS,ii 'J"il 'i-....,.-..as ;>.-. 4---rlj t{jL t-'!" lll \i.J

J"S*J3 iiAJ -F -r+J t r-r-ll ig-All dLlt

'..s rL----+.-r ,-l p .rlnclj oi!- !1...J'-i

i--iEll i-JiL o!trJl Jl ait;l dll JS.iI

' 4ji.'1- 4JJt '- e il"j+

i----+$ "l'

g;\lJl !s,]J -.,+s >" i: "+v) r

J5-il1 Ji .)r'.--rI; G.i-J C.=lll,r-"rS .-i)i!l IFJ e:rJ e-:+ l:13' q51l"r.Jl

. C+l!l L+l sr +'L!l 4Jl ..itr

J,rlrll .----i 4-ifill \;LJl jtS.'l')l ;Jrii o

c- 4--l!ll J"t-i +!il1-,1 i,!l-xjl ltLJlJiSJI C+lJ.

-p:o j.r- 4jF \5i!!l +j."*Jl dLjll ju"J ')-..- r- -..---.-: 2.L"J ,cr i'it! i-nll :tl-U

4-+J Jl : iL l ajHl crlJl-6lJ diJru

. \rj)jill rjt'iis)l d'lJl-6'

,r---r g-.rL---.^Jl al- ^"tl ;.:L ,r.+'ts >! jtr 'os i#tr ..-,t--,+$t>- .,Jl pa:Lij j :+llJ! !+i

g-+r-r r---+&,F--l ra >.1 j;,t t.S e+;Jt: 1--/l a'--+.!'jll *llrall '-'r,ut L+ -EJl

u9 g j;,,1,J\, eUJ .r" ufYt qi+llr t-lJJl(,__y- \ _^) ,.J C-r.

.l;j ell: 4il-r.11 4{JLJl o*Jlrall qf lalLll lC.

3rt-Jl Jl rpJit ) ;F+Lll )S i+ll" 3l

(i-"Jr jlu) iJur ('i iis$slr Jrll+ i-.-Liil

' i liAJ 4iJlill il''J.Jl $! ,.I+lill dJ)\-J (].+ )l:'---.,i.rJlil1 +,illill c" C+JFll l.t+jJl aro ..rJ cs j+

. illJJl

J--+j ;Jll J,S.ill i+JLll d*! \-iltr t"i

-l-L---sJl Lra ."b .r-15-,u i,,,.till iJsll irl! el

aLJ,"ll tuLLl'r "trl .,l !r-,J r.i. %\. . 4+,+r

. f{-"%VA $n 4iltil

,# .fJJl Jl5,ill !*l fl+ii-l sJ' i.:!tt +$ii rrl

iii-i JiSl lirs tl ;ja all-1lll i?Jl-Jl ll"Jlr.ll

Y t+i) lJ ".j-J i.""i.ll j-All ,-*l u dt+L:ll

:t-':,1 ,rJo :Sj.,r lial g.,r-. eji+-l drc ,j!.+ J.!-i

i)--...- 4+U [gl J.,l! .! ,-.rit-n -tt isrrl .lo i-rILIl

;K '! iitll a+r,, IJJJ.. .,.+ t- i+J. .j;

C,i-lt-r o-E ll d\{-\ dJ'ii rJt c 't-J eb

L+J-{-.i o.Jr-.$ s.i ir.it $ erJ J-.ll (l-A)

;iiS)l ol: rlJl r$r: rJii}l .l^ .,l di- -: tpldi.-iJL,rall |J,,JIJ! s--r 4+ltl ,J$ .t t"I+-,.l-t

J.s] i.-.-,-lj.ll ..,--;Jl 6-: qDLi !,J'. dlrv a.,illl

i--.te ill-: Jt J:.-:lt 'sl3 u+; Jr'.. .,r iL:"

s--.i ".' - \1 6---+tlt i-yri # e;.:lll e,:iJ3l:4.11 ;1 '"' +- i --,E- lll L--4lt"'ll d"JlJl

,r-:rr .--a!r cJr;,-iJl e*-i,(1).(" ).(t )'(r)

.JS-J| J.:L--J i,--"ilL illJll 'J ^J'-i C;t' \i+^l Jt"tii "' --'

o,JlLJl # €-j.^,-"lt e$l i+,ii,j+- l-" '(&j..--Jl liA ,r-l3yl i+..;':U 4+lJAil !Jl-*dl

) el trll irilll 1IJ J'r+ q,.,ll l+tuir)l c,il:+!

3lJk--Jlr crtl" lill :i+.Al j,$ L"s ( dts'J 4jl-j

,.,-lr i-;*t JsJl Jt Jr.-Jl d LILI dlol])l

i l,.t\-iill L*)l o-..- irtis-)\ grbl ;t&]it j*n

.1Ji. Ell 45Ji! dE litl drlr;rJ l-l . sjll J!i!i,--...r-J) iil'iJl olrJillJ lrriJl .!lrr'-I ('+i

9'.l


*___!;rt-r .,y1; , J' t- (J___Ic. .l+^+ll -fi-rL !J *iii" ,"c' J_rj$ 4lLJ . (rj-Jli*rr\l +--! i-+JL"Jl i-iiCl e"! Jl

. \111 s 4+f3l9iSill

, (;JL-ll .,.i -+;ll) ,, t-.rt- "l:E, ir_.:*,tLil -f

a---- Jl &JL rJ j,.j,j. J*i rJi."+L ilt-J, : rr jJ .rS3ll i*LJl d al;t 'Jl a$iCl

irtrirJl Jrl,."llI - Mcginty, Tirn, (Design and the Design

prooess) In (lntroduction roArchitecture), Snyder, J. C. &Catanese, A.J, Edited. Mc Graw Hilltsook Company. 1979 New York.

2- The AJ s Annual Review ofStudent Work (Back to Schools) ,

In (AJ) Journal October.I e83.pp(67-99).

3- Gelernter ,Mark (AlternativeConcepts in Architectural DesignEducation ), I 986 .

4- Wooley , 1'. (Why Srudio ?) in A.J..louural , Vol.20, March l991pp(46-50)

5- Wade .1. W.,( Architecture ,

Problems ,and Purposes ) , JohnWiley and sons.L London,l977 .

6-l)inham,Sarah M. (ArchitecturalEducation : Is Jury Criticism a ValidTeaching lechnique?) rnArchitectural Record ,November.1986 pp(s l -s4).

7- Schon . Donald ('fhe Design Studio, An Exploration of its Tradition andPotentials ) RIBA Publicationsi.inrited L.ondon ,England , 1985pp(100-103).

8- Rapaport .A. ( There is an UrgentNeed to Reduce or Eliminate theDominance of the Studio ). in A.R.Journal .October,1985 .

9- Green F.( Design Education ,Problem Solving and VisualExperience ). Batsibrd , London1974.

L-+JL"rJl u"JlJl s-i i++..-rjl 4+Jl e Js .rL.jio! clli: a*-!19 r-re 3-ll .;9 f,rii" l-,$

jl r.", Cl JSjII 4l+Jlill CslJJl (JL tullall

4iLl" lir -.Jl Ji' Jl alL.al .i)ir l+Al-J3 9-.11"'.Jl Js-Lll Jl Jr,,-jl sf l;el!)l

(y-\-^) d e;-r-' .* l.'+'"''rll g*l -: cl+ar:Jt(v -t )

Jl**o. !)a iisl Jl -r"l .rl" .1SHl i,s)- '!-Jl cll: L}] (Sl-i .U+., r.)-, .: 6- cE il,I

. r-l/t ,J :iillt a++C lDli J. rrlj.ll4+A i--.-iill {-,,1 ".,J1

lLlll 6,c: o

Jt g _*-il--+ i-+L+l {i_r*-r i_.1LJl qr-rUr

i---rILI . i#;1+lr"A! .:.llij i!:.:Jl lLJlJr--C l^JL,:ii*l aq qr,.lt ,, ,tlJ+ll

e.rY

1;Jl"'-ll Js.ill Jli-.-dlJFll i-,tJL,^ll .r_,,1' Jl ,',- ill rr-.g o

eiL--"il J!+Lil I' r- .ll.---ii,cl \r,! JlJ"i-Y!

,--+*;ll irt- d-+Js .,---J qut <*,t.'. ,t1

!rF-+ i.iiLjJl cJlr ,ill j}l guii-! g_lLJl. ej.--lJl 4+Lc

"r -,1.

tll \.r .JJSil aJ.'J

(.).aUJI ,_il+Jl+ rlliii rJt"c 'L'') iJllll r.,-Ji ..e$t1

f+ftt ,lt o.lt: :<l'p)l sliJJl ) , +4: {--rll}r .-'luli *1

Jr----ii^ .-*+.( aiiill3 d<Jl ,rs Sl,x" Er

6t*llI i+!l crL-t5lt J.:il ,li . sJrl:J-ll ,1' liJl 6 ii-J\ll ,:J:JJ

. l11t \ejljlt Jr,ils

61.,i.-.l"Jt a--+$ ) , Lr..a s{r . g.1o.rJl -Y

. (1+lJJl a,-.'.:JK!l d.,L*iJl ei qJL*Jl

a----t Jl i.ri" iJ..ti. -.11e '+"+U alLJ

. i-.,.;..lJ:SiJl i-tJl d LJLdI 4-rCl

98

. I 11 t rlJ)l JJ.ri!


12- Candelson ,Mario ,( On Reading

Architecture ) in (Sign ,SYmbolsand Architecture),Broadbent,Bunt,.lenks,,Chichester,1980 .

tl- Gelernter , Mark ,( Sources ofArchitectural Form ). A criticalHistory of Western Design TheorY ,

Manchester University Press ,1996

l0- Antoniades , AnthonYc ,( Poetics

of Architecture ), Van Nostrand

Reinhold , New York ,199011- Broadbent ,GeofferY (

Deconstnrction a Student Guide ) ,

Journal of Architsctural Theory and

Criticism U. L A. , AcademY

Edition . London , 1991.

99


( ru\f )r.r..[ air].Jt d,[-lJil . '!t. -1 osy Lr: 4-sJJul L]S,iJI -JrL-J g;Ai.]l -j])l (t ) d::+

;rJ' ,ta" j, i!;L .:.,1r,r.< C,frjl J c,l,-la

;J/ .;rt Jr Ja a/) {41 ejti("arLJl Ji- Crlt

i,Ul &)LlrJ u*\\ \)L

.rty-,t ;:.

rut {iJrJJ'JUI

.:rltj

,iW t-t

.l ..-aJ-t

;rLJl

(9L j,t!l -

Ji:J !.,t" G)1, -i5.-)5i rrL.]j

^-Jt ) *)t ,r-t_i:-. L-ri JK-!r-

i,rtLJt ;lgr11

p=iJtl l-tJt.1

C.:,-lJ 4rGl-l

;JLdJl dl-!

(4P *L

C'o ;.r-dL-iYl

,Plt74t-q;.r$;pl-

.rtti l-

'-Ltr,rJl d ,-r9tl -inr;Jl ,,L! t^.! --,all

td, , '1 .3Ji JrLalr

o9b|'.:.lt

!i|}rrti

.UL

100


-Jf b-! |A-4{.t'tn XJrfUaa]ltE#-=::-i:;=

A..df .J)J +--J'tgrPl,lA-:-l(t) 4*FAaaJl tl'l' rlral (r:'r:5 \t'' Kna-r |rft

'(fnai&r lg0p 1<<Ur-.f - grlrl o:.cal ur.x+d .r'

MODEHN

..rr.'.l €lsFr .n, rld s,-arr #,H,ffiffi ffitlqlff

Fr-Eid,Br6'v

-EffiiEE rf-F^^as .i Yt: utr'srr ^r.r

eF.'D.!;uitt r.r rrE rE?!411l:|I,Il .' x ilr/rr1. DL ot a* r4la latt.rrt

,l ,{rrr-!r at ts!

N

a*rn_*15d

Dr'-s t r* tac€ ; |As'DEirrtrle - *aE'rF @ 4-rDrii rnuai '! xiauhait !-.;o |.^,r. 'm'arqlr, ..l,t rtcld t-t6J

-a--Tf\iTFrr-t :r#: Fil olJ-....:-o li-! rnrn g"-.*,**

t0l


ffiffi[iAH :@?ctx[ --^--.u w >t )1\\tg . 77ia /iItilll I tpttitl€B'tt 'SRltr!

mffi*,,

\{-'.t-,2",ll,r\'1

! r'r.E-|uli.___,

",#;T!:"

tffi*V'--- /:q\

.!4 r E de(=ir)

r-+ <<,,1.

r.-ir.a!r<.r i:-

r ffi,Yifl tu t'a)

-l L4;

wslH..{ rn-.;a&*4r l.r* Ef6.6!

. :*.rn4t!m'|q.Elro6'

-r-;ir- n{jtt

:.r..1..||^&lflrhd

i.!i&5iio.o..

tr&&J

drrO*rrodrrt,QFf a..Ut (r)JE !.( |r.l| - a,rL.l ) grarr dbt lsL..

Ca*o,U.fa tgrereE i

(d.x3rr.{.f U-lrr.{..r! {.LI| ( r ) af.llsr, Dcic.rrr#,Cor il,Oqcb : .irl JArrlOr

.iodrul$pt?)rr-r

aJrr {ra lrrllnor, dS.ty l& {rb (r) J5-t'Crrft.f- ppel?z) !tJ.d J[.t ],-J +aiJ

rryr.bf-.er.rl rdrlr €Irr.f, (C eE !

t02

(6od& lFp ltl) l4ttr lrdr. d{.tt


gtr :.r'.i' -,t-{t J iA J5J'

ndcil lidrr rg|l lrt' I lirJ ''rlgpt(Y) t.Ird..;lr s.J ea;r -gdAll .;Ffu d*r

(odr*rrPr0

r.r*r-l,l .td-,tll (l ).r,rL:r.JJ

(f orm) JJ'-J -lc-ji --.+ *r g r.,,:r rr* ".'

uJ ,r! .;+J t: J! r dtr

' 11;rl ..:'J .5-,r 9: l.l,JJ i_+'';i 4Js ,'lJ u '!'n \r_!r €rr':a r'E'- I J+.J rri-i^l' i+-J Jg )'i)lr -!':i JJt_'! -51-r

' E tlr -.Jt'+-'r irJ 3LJ!' -i

f: t.rl' i, 3i! -'-: t+i -t+' !+i. :li Jr'-'J 'i!l-r

. E: +'.ry,.g..:I":'.--.r.-' -i

.i---.-l 1.-.! J- J r".'J +j*'r -'*r -+_ : (ir-l .ir,.:) ti|J J-J a ir i! t J35 J r'-*'l' 'itl- r

' fll G-i* €-}) ;:q-'iF c ,J -! "-"i r&t -l

. [- (j'- J6t) atal r-J slrt'l rr-..ii' .jn" -+

-(.rrlJ, irj- rri) r.J i-. J-jltlr +!nry 'j-'r:rr ilt Jt'jr!'r'_J 'lJ_1' f-] ss a;"t '; +''i'r .j'r'5 -l. [- ',!1l r,L'vr--i .57' jr-!

-, (!5.n :rLr-)rl -E-! 4l-!r 3.iJ, er,t J. Jr JrL'l JJ-'. F-l t.e-r ;rL"r 5

"'r-'t 'E '+' iJ- J!' -r

. f-l E .. .. .. ' ir6t i'l--! ' 'ul & i+- 1,5'i -r''' -'r

(Compositc, Corinlhiao, Ionic, Doric' Tu'€6 )

f----l Gt,.. ,....,diJ .l:j . ,rji. r+r . t'4) ..F.t ,1, JE '! rt't' 'JrJ, .rrr -J

Jd:t fJ

96tt

rJry'' {r...1 -..rri' J i,rl' :!-F. lc,y'r (, ) J]r'

ij}"dr+y'' tur.n'.J.ji J y'r' ij}.n' s!l' (.)

t r.r _4r

%r.

+rrlt trrtJt rr'Jr' J .:rJ' ., 'J. iurlr C.tr (r) Jrl4,

ilr--.t cL, tr,r' J".Jl

txt r Xt \|

t03

pJr:l lJtl


s.elll f i-r.ll fi$ill *f t*i+-r-ir ip - الجامعة التكنولوجية · 2018-01-19 ·...

Documents

s.elll f i-r.ll fi$ill f ti+-r-ir ip - الجامعة التكنولوجية · 2018-01-19 ·...