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UNIVERZITET U BIHAĆU

VISOKA ZDRAVSTVENA ŠKOLA

SEMINARSKI RAD - KUGA I TULAREMIJA -

  Predmet: Su!"#$%#e &re%'(%")$ !'*e(t" Stude%t":

Me%t'r: A((+ A(m"r A*d," Me*"($ O)"  Me*"t$ O)"  Ade*"($ Re)"  Em"%$ Re)$%'." 

B"/$0 de1em!$r 2345

SadržajUVOD...................................................................................................................... 2

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VRSTE KUGE........................................................................................................ 5

SIMPTOMI KUGE...................................................................................................6

 TULAREMIJA............................................................................................................ 8

SIMPTOMI TULAREMIJE........................................................................................ 9

DIJAGNOZA I NAČINI LIJEČENJA TULAREMIJE........................................................9NAČINI SPRJEČAVANJA TULAREMIJE...................................................................10

LITERATURA..........................................................................................................10

UVOD

Kuga (lat. Pestis) #e te6)$ $r$%$ !'*e(t )'#u ur')u#e !$)ter"#$ 7er("%"$ &e(t"(+

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8*'d$.1e0 )u%"e " ee.e0 $*" m',e $/.$t"t" &t"1e0 8m$'.e " r"!e+Tu*$rem"#$ (e 6"r" %$ *#ude

)r' r$*""te &r$.1e0 u)*#uu#u" u!'de "%(e)$t$ "*" "r$.%"m "*$8$%#em $r$,e%'# ,".'t"%#"+

V"(')' $r$%$ " &'te%1"#$*%' (mrt'%'(%$0 tu*$rem"#$ (e '!"%' m',e *"#e"t" .r*' e?e)t".%'

$%t"!"'t"1"m$ $)' (e 't)r"#e r$%'+ S"m&t'm" (u &r"m$r%" *')$*""r$%" u*)u(0 re8"'%$*%$

*"m?$de%'&$t"#$0 te6)" ("(tem()" ("m&t'm" " &'%e)$d0 $t"&"%$ &%eum'%"#$+ D"#$8%'$ (e

 &'(t$.*#$ &'%$#&r"#e %$ '(%'." e&"dem"'*'6)"/ &'d$t$)$ " )*"%")e (*")e+ L"#e" (e

(tre&t'm"1"%'m0 8e%t$m"1"%'m0 )*'r$m?e%")'*'m "*" d')("1")*"%'m+

DOBA KUGE 

Doba kuge ;Crna Smrt  "*" Crna kuga< %$". #e $ &er"'d #ed%e 'd %$#r$'r"t"#"/  &$%dem"#$ u

 &'."#e(t" '.#e$%(t.$+ Z$&'e.6" u #u8'$&$d%'# A"#"  &r'6"r"*$ (e u Eur'&u )$(%"/ 4@3-

"/ 8d#e #e ;m%'8' )$(%"#e0 u 4+ (t< " d'!"*$ "me Crna Smrt (lat. mors atra)+ K'%$$% !r'#

(mrt" )'#e #e t$ &$%dem"#$ "$.$*$ d"*#em (."#et$ &r'1#e%#u#e (e %$ ')' 5 m"*"'%$ *#ud"0

'd%'(%' ')' &'*'."1e t$d$6%#e8 (t$%'.%"6t.$ Eur'&e+ N$r$.%'0 dem'8r$?()" 8u!"1" '.e

 &$%dem"#e %"(u (.ud$ !"*" #ed%$)" #er #e !'*e(t 'd%'("*$ ."6e ,".'t$ u $#ed%"1$m$ ( .e"m

 &r't')'m *#ud" " r'!e+

V#eru#e (e d$ (e "(t$ !'*e(t .r$$*$ u Eur'&u (.$)e 8e%er$1"#e ($ r$*""t"m (te&e%"m$

"%te%"tet$ " (mrt'%'(%'(t" (.e d' 433-"/+ Z%$$#%"#$ d$*#%#$ "!"#$%#$ u)*#uu#u Talijansku

kugu ;42>+-4@4+<0 Veliku londonsku kugu ;45+ C 4+<0 Veliku bečku kugu ;4>+<0Veliku

marseillsku kugu ;423+C 422+< " 44+ kugu u Moskvi+ P'r"#e)*' !'*e(t" #e )'%tr'.er%'0 %'

%#e"% (e (mrt'%'(%" '!*") &'.u)$' " Eur'&e u 4+ (t'*#eu+

D'!$ )u8e "m$*' #e dr$(t"$% ut#e1$# %$ eur'&()u &'&u*$1"#u0 %e&'.r$t%' "m"#e%".6" ('1"#$*%u

(tru)turu Eur'&e+ T$)'=er #e &'8'd"*' "R"m')$t'*")u 9r).u0 )'#$ #e )$' %$dm'%$ .#er()$

"%(t"tu1"#$ !"*$ u &re.*$(t" u t' d'!$0 6t' #e reu*t"r$*' &r'8'%'m m$%#"%$ )$' 6t' (u

 !"*""d'."0 Mu(*"m$%"0 (tr$%1"0 &r'(#$1" " 8u!$.1"+ St$*%$ ,".'t%$ '&$(%'(t e(t' #e *#ude

d'.'d"*$ d' *ud"*$0 t#er$#u" "/ d$ ,".e $ tre%ut$)0 )$' 6t' #e G"'.$%%" B'11$11"' "*u(tr"r$'

u Dekameronu ;4@5@+<+

Pr.'!"t$% d'8$=$# etr%$e(t'8 (t'*#e$ %$.$% #e Ve*")$ Smrt ($ (tr$%e &"($1$ )'#" (u !"*"

(u.reme%"1" t'8 d'!$0 $ )$(%"#e #e &'(t$' &'%$t &'d %$".'m 9r%$ (mrt+ P'&u*$r%' (e(m$tr$*' d$ #e %$". &'te)$' 'd &'8$=$#ue8 ("m&t'm$ !'*e(t" ;$)r$*%e %e)r'e< &r" )'#em

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 #e )',$ !'*e(%")$ &'1r%"*$ !'8 &'d)',%'8 )r.$re%#$+ I&$)0 %$". (e 'd%'("' %$ ?"8ur$t".%'

%$e%#e crnog  ;mr$%'0 tur'!%'0 u,$(%'<+

Z!'8 t'8$ 6t' (u !'*e(t )$r$)ter""r$*" !u!'%" ;&'.e$%" *"m?%" .'r'."<0 )$' " u A"#()'#

 !u!'%()'# )u8" u )$(%'m 4>+ (t'*#eu0 %$%(t.e%"1" " &'."#e(%"$r" %$ &'et)u 23+

(t'*#e$ &ret&'(t$.*#$*" (u d$ #e t' "(t$ !'*e(t )'#u ur')u#e !$1"*Yersinia estis $

 &re%'(e "%(e)t" u &'m' ,".'t"%#$ &'&ut 1r%'8 6t$)'r$ ; !attus rattus<+ I&$)0 t$ #e t.rd%#$

 &'(t$*$ u&"t%$ %$)'% 6t' (e ($%$*' d$ (u !u!'%" &r"(ut%" )'d m%'8"/ dru8"/ !'*e(t"+

Slika ". #lustracija Crne smrti

 

VRSTE KUGE

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Pneumonična kuga #e "%?e)1"#$ &*u$ !$)ter"#$m$ )u8e+ S"m&t'm" )'#" &'"%#u %$8*' 2-@

d$%$ %$)'% "*',e%'(t" !$)ter"#$m$ (u ."(')$ tem&er$tur$0 tre($."1$0 !r" (r$%" 't)u1$#" "

e(t' #$)$ 8*$.'!'*#$+ T')'m 2 ($t$ r$."#e (e )$6$*#+ I()$6*#$# #e u &'et)u !"(t$r " !r'

 &'(t$#e &r'6$r$% )r.*#u0 $ $t"m #ed%'*")' ru,"$(t "*" (.#et*'1r.e% ;%$*")u#u" ("ru&u 'd

m$*"%$< " &#e%u6$.+ B'*e(%") u!r$%' " 'te,$%' d"6e+ Ve"%$ %e*"#ee%"/ *#ud" um"re u%ut$r

($t" 'd &'et)$ ("m&t'm$+

Septikemična kuga0 dru8" '!*") )u8e0 #e "%?e)1"#$ &r" )'#'# (e !u!'%()" '!*") 6"r" u )r.+ M',e

ur')'.$t" (mrt $) &r"#e %e8' (e &'#$.e dru8" ("m&t'm" !u!'%()e "*" &%eum'%"%e )u8e+

Mala kuga #e !*$8" '!*") )u8e )'#" (e '!"%' &'#$." ($m' u 8e'8r$?()'m &'dru#u u )'#em #e

 !'*e(t %$dm'%$ ;e%dem()$<+ S"m&t'm" )$' 6t' (u 'tee%" *"m?%" .'r'."0 &'."6e%$tem&er$tur$0 8*$.'!'*#$ " "(1r&*#e%'(t "6e$.$#u u%ut$r #ed%e (edm"1e+

S*")$ 2+Bu!'%()' 1r%"*'

SIMPTOMI KUGEB$)ter"#$ )u8e ,"." u 'dred#e%"m ,".'t"%#$m$0 )$' 6t' (u 8*'d$r" " '(t$*" m$*" ("($r"+ Bu/e (e

/r$%e )r.*#u ,".'t"%#$ " t$)' &'(t$#u $r$,e%e+ B'*e(t (e &re%'(" %$ *#ude $)' "/ u#edu $r$,e%e

 !u/e+ L#ud" t$)'d#er m'8u !"t" $r$,e%" &utem )'%t$)t$ ($ $r$,e%"m ,".'t"%#$m$ ;%&r+: &re)'

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u#ed$ "*" '8re!'t"%e "*" ru)'.$%#em ,".'t"%#()"m t)".'m+< A)' !'*e(t &r'dre u &*u$0 '%d$

m',e &re" ( #ed%e '('!e %$ dru8u &re)' )$&*#"1$ &r"*")'m )$6*#$%#$+

Slika $.T iični %čirevi& crne kuge ili crne smrti.

S"m&t'm" m'8u d$ (e #$.e &'(*"#e #ed%'8 d' '($m d$%$ 'd $r$e+S"m&t'm" m'8u d$ !udu

."(')$ tem&er$tur$0 dr/t$."1$0 mu)$0 8*$.'!'*#$ " !'*'." u m"6""m$+ Odred#e%e .r(te )u8e

"m$#u " dru8e ("m&t'me+ K'd !u!'%()e )u8e0 *"m?%e ,*#ede u !*""%" me(t$ 8de #e $r$,e%$

 !u.$ u#e*$ '!'*e*u '('!u0 %$te)%u " &'(t$%u !'*%e0 ;t.+ !u!'%"<+ K'd )r.%e )u8e &$1"#e%t"

d'!"#$#u !'*'.e u (t'm$)u0 6')'.e " )r.$re%#e &'d )','m " u dru8"m 'r8$%"m$+ K'd &*u%e)u8e0 &$1"#e%t" "()$6*#$.$#u )r.$." "*" .'d%#")$." "(&*#u.$) " "m$#u te6)'e &r" d"($%#u

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B'*e(t (e m',e &re%"#et" $)' (e #ede %ed'.'*#%' )u/$%' me(' $r$,e%"/ ,".'t"%#$0 $)' (e &"#e

$r$,e%$ .'d$0 )$' " ru)'.$%#em )r%'m0 d'd"r".$%#em 6$&$ ,".'t"%#$ " &utem u#ed$ %e)"/

8*$.)$r$+ Premd$ %e t$)' e(t'0 !'*e(t (e m',e &re%"#et" " .$du6%"m &utem0 &re)' &r$6"%e ($

$8$d#e%e em*#e "*" ,"t$r"1$+

Tu*$rem"#$ (e m',e "()'r"(t"t" )$' #ed%' 'd !"'*'6)"/ 'ru,#$0 #er #e .e'm$ $r$%$0 *$)' (e 6"r"

" 'd %#e m',e .e*")" !r'# *#ud" d$ (e r$!'*" " umre+ Š"re%#e tu*$rem"#e0 )$' !"'*'6)'8 'ru,#$0

%$#.er'.$t%"#e !" (e 'd."#$*' r$(&r6".$%#em u .$du/u+

SIMPTOMI TULAREMIJE 

U $."(%'(t" 'd .r(te d'd"r$0 tu*$rem"#$ m',e d$ &r'ur')u#e "re.e %$ )',"0 %$te)*e " !'*%e

*"m?%e ,*ede0 u&$*u '"#u0 u&$*u 8r*$0 8r"*"1e u u(t"m$0 "*" !'*e(t (*"%u u&$*" &*u$+ U r$%e("m&t'me '!"%' (&$d$#u: %$8*$ tem&er$tur$0 #e$0 8*$.'!'*#$0 !'*'." u m"6""m$0 !'*'." u

8*'!'."m$0 (u." )$6$*# " &r'8re(".%$ (*$!'(t+ Z$&$*e%#e &*u$ (e m',e #$."t" )$'

)'m&*")$1"#$ )'d (."/ .r(t$ $r$e " $/t#e.$ !r' &'(t$.*#$%#e d"#$8%'e " &'(e!%' *"#ee%#e

d$ !" (e (&r"#e"*$ (mrt+

Z$ 2C / (e %$ m#e(tu "%?e)1"#e ;&r(t0 ru)$0 ')'0 %e&1e<0 '("m u (*u$#e."m$ 8*$%du*$r%e "*"

1r"#e.%e tu*$rem"#e0 &'#$.*#u#e u&$*#e%$ &$&u*$+ P$&u*$ u!r' &'(t$#e &u(tu*$ " u*1er"r$0

(t.$r$#u" "(t" )r$ter ( '()ud%"m0 &r'"r%"m0 !e!'#%"m e)(ud$t'm+ Vr"#ed'." (u '!"%' &'#ed"%$%" %$ e)(trem"tet"m$0 $*" (u u u(t"m$ " %$ '"m$ ."6e(tru)"+ O!"%' #e $/.$e%'

($m' #ed%' ')'+ Re8"'%$*%" *"m?%" .'r'." (e &'.e$.$#u te (e m'8u $8%'#"t" " '!"*%'

dre%"r$t" %$ )',u+ D' 5+ d$%$ (e e(t' r$."#$ !'*e(t (*"%$ t"?u(u0 $ m',e (e r$."t" " $t"&"%$

 &%eum'%"#$0 &'%e)$d &r$e%$ de*"r"#em+ Premd$ e(t' &'(t'#e %$)'." )'%('*"d$1"#e0

'(*$!*#e%" .u) d"($%#$ " &')'#$ )re&"t$1"#$ m'8u !"t" #ed"%" %$)'." )'d tu*$rem"#()e

 &%eum'%"#e+ Su/"0 %e&r'du)t".%" )$6$*# #e &'.e$% ( '(#e$#em &ee%#$ "$ &r(%e )'(t"+ U !"*'

)'#em (t$d"#u !'*e(t" (e m',e r$."t" %e(&e1"?"%" '("& %$*") %$ r'e'*u+ M'8ue (u(&*e%'me8$*"#$ " &er"(&*e%"t"(+ U %e*"#ee%"m (*u$#e."m$0 tem&er$tur$ '(t$#e &'."6e%$ @C t#+

te (e &'(tu&%' (m$%#u#e+ R"#et)e )'m&*")$1"#e (u med"#$(t"%"t"(0 &*u%" $&(1e( " me%"%8"t"(+

U *"#ee%"m (*u$#e."m$ (mrt%'(t" &r$)t")" %em$0 $ u %e*"#ee%"m$ "%'(" + D' (mrt"

'!"%' d'*$" !'8 r$(&r'(tr$%#e%e "%?e)1"#e0 &%eum'%"#e0 me%"%8"t"($ "*" &er"t'%"t"($+ U

(*u$#e."m$ )'#" %"(u *"#ee%" %$ 'd8'.$r$#u" %$"% m',e d'" d' re1"d".$+ Jed%'m

 &re!'*#e%$ !'*e(t d'%'(" 't&'r%'(t+

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DIJAGNOZA I NAČINI LIJEČENJA TULAREMIJED"#$8%'$ tu*$rem"#e (e .r6" &utem (&e1"#$*%"/ *$!'r$t'r"#()"/ te(t'.$+ U"m$#u (e u'r1" ($

r$*""t"/ m#e(t$0 u $."(%'(t" %$ )'#u .r(tu tu*$rem"#e (e (um%#$+ U r$%'# ?$" (e &re&'ruu#e

*"#ee%#e $%t"!"'t"1"m$+ Smrt%'(t #e .r*' %"()$ u (*u$#e."m$ tu*$rem"#e )'#$ (e &re%'("

 &r"r'd%"m &utem0 d') #e '&$(%"#$ tu*$rem"#$ )'#$ (e d'!"#$ ud"($%#em+

Ot)r".$%#e !$1"*$ tu*$rem"#e #e te6)' " r"#et)' u(&#e6%'+ M',e (e )'r"(t"t" d"re)t%' !'#e%#e

u'r$)$ " )',%e *e"#e "*" m$ter"#$*$ d'!"#e%'8 !"'&("#'m+ Or'?$r"%8e$*%$ tu*$rem"#$ m',e

*""t" %$ (tre&t')')%" ?$r"%8"t"(0 d"?ter"#u0 "%?e)t".%u m'%'%u)*e'u "*" )$r1"%'m t'%"*$+

P*u%e &r'm#e%e u tu*$rem"#" m'8u d$ &'d(e$#u %$ $t"&"%u &%eum'%"#u ur')'.$%u

m")'&*$m'm0 /*$m"d"#'m0 *e8"'%e*'m0 tu!er)u*'u " ($r)'"d'u+ N$ 8$(tr'"%te(t"%$*%u

tu*$rem"#u m'8u *""t" r$*""te "%?e)1"#e d"8e(t".%'8 tr$)t$+ T"?'"d%u tu*$rem"#u0 u 'd(u(t.u

e&"dem"'*'6)"/ &'d$t$)$0 .e'm$ #e te6)' r$*")'.$t" 'd (e&t"%'8 (t$%#$ dru8e et"'*'8"#e+

NAČINI SPRJEČAVANJA TULAREMIJE

I!"#$%&%"'# (!)*# $+%&,%-%. K)-/''# #,) /-#*/'&) -)'& /#,%'% ,%*%

/'# ( )'&)-#) -)/')-( $*"# % ( &# ,)+%%. N#)"'# ' %-%#( &)*( ' /# ,(%' +&%' + -%*' ( #-##)"

&)* '%) $*"# /# % *% % %-%## *&+"%. K)-/''# $(## -(,%&# ,%*% /,*%'# ,)( /% &)'"% + ,%*% -(,("#'#

/% &)'"%% %-)') /% ##&%. D)!-) /,(%"'# #/) *&+" ##&% $+)*%-% -# #$) ') $% "#*#'#.

N# *)&)+'# *"# *% *)*-("( *&+"# ##&# + *-($# &)'"# ,)"# /(

)'#"%+) %-%##. I%"'# % /#! %''( )-#( ,)-/''# )*$)&%-%"(# "#-#

-#*)/'-))/' %,) -%*'# /% '(+%-#") ( +%!)-%')-". A,) )/("%'# *% /'# !+ ( *)*-( /% '(+%-#") )*% /# )!-%''#

+"#,%-(.

LITERATURA

/tt&(:/r+")"&ed"$+'r8")"D'!$)u8e /tt&(:/r+")"&ed"$+'r8")"Ku8$

/tt&:+.$(d')t'r+1'mmed"1"%$-'d-$-d'-"%?e)t".%e-"-&$r$"t$r%e-!'*e(t"3-"%?e)1"#e-8r$m-%e8$t".%"m-!$1"*"m$-&e(t"(-)u8$

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/tt&:.eter"%$+1'm+/rQ&@424 /tt&(:+8''8*e+!$ur*Q

($tr1t#e(r1(('ur1ee!1d41$dr#$u$1t.ed3$/UKE"ZLT

V-LJA/F9SKHrBr(W88ZMAAur*/tt&(@A2W2W/r+")"&ed"$+'r8

2W")"

2WTu*$rem"#$u(8AW#9NEu)rLFSO&OttB)BSZ)UL&OP!W!.m!.+4434

540d+!G8 /tt&(:+8''8*e+!$ur*Q

($tr1t#e(r1(('ur1ee!1d21$dr#$u$1t.ed3$/UKE"ZLT

V-LJA/F9SKHrBr(W88eMAEur*/tt&@A2W2W+m(d-

 &r"ru1%"1"+&*$1e!'+/r2Wm(d-&r"ru1%")2W"%?e)t'*'8"#$2W8r$m-%e8$t".%"-!$1"*"

2Wtu*$rem"#$u(8AW#9NW>%TSR"du!1$Z8d"DHJSGPA8!.m!.+4434540d+!G8

/tt&(:+8''8*e+!$ur*Q

($tr1t#e(r1(('ur1ee!1d441$dr#$u$1t.ed3$/UKE"ZL

TV-LJA/F9SKHrBr(W8/LMA'ur*/tt&@A2W2W+("m&t'm"+r(

2W"%de+&/&2W!'*e(t"2W22-"%?e)t".%e-!'*e(t"2W4-

tu*$rem"#$u(8AW#9NG*P.MBVZEEA$@S%u@RS/R!.m!.+443454

0d+!G8

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12