seminarski rad - hardver kod računara
DESCRIPTION
Seminarski rad - Hardver kod računara se bavi opipljivim delom računarskog sistema, i jako je bitno bar površno poznavanje njega kako bi bolje pristupili upoznavanju softvera.TRANSCRIPT
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136. ,
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, 2015. .
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Sadraj
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1. .................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. .............................................................................................................. 5
1.2. ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.3. ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.4. ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.5. ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.6. ................................................................................................................... 9
2. ................................... 9
2.1. .................................................................................................................................. 10
2.2. ........................................................................................................................... 11
2.3. ................................................ 11
3. ..................................................................................................... 12
3.1. ................................................................................................. 12
3.2. ................................................................................................................. 14
4. ................................................................................. 14
5. ..................................................................... 16
5.1. ............................................................................................... 18
5.2. ............................................................................................. 19
5.3. ............................................................................................. 20
5.4. ......................................................................................... 21
5.5. ............................................................................................... 23
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2.2.
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3.2.
(Herman Hollerith)
1880. .
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1890.
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Tabulating Machine Company
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1911. Computing-Tabulating-Recording-Company. 1924.
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
4.
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(Vannevar Bush) 1925.
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1942.
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(Konard Cuze) 1 2 (Z1 Z2),
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(Alan Mathison Turing), ,
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. II Bletchley Park-,
. 1942.
Turingismus Turingery . ,
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. 1945. 1947. National
Physical Laboratory, (ACE).
1946.
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(Howard H. Aiken) 1937.
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Harvard Mark I.
IBM, .
. 1944. .
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: 17 2,5. 1959. .
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Harvard Mark II
. Harvard Mark
III .
4. Harvard Mark I
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16
5.
1939. .
(John J. Atanasoff) (Clifford Berry)
. ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer).
, 1942. .
II
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, , 1942.
. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator And Computer).
ENIAC .
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(1000 Mark I).
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500 000 .
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1945. , .
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ENIAC-,
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Neumann).
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. EDVAC 1949.
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ENIAC- EDVAC-,
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1948. EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)
. (Maurice B.
Wilkes);
1948. IBM 604;
1948. IBM SSEC (Selective Sequence Calculator), 12000
;
1949. (Jay Forrester) Whirlwind
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1948. , 1959.
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1401.
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FORTRAN, ALGOL i LISP.
. 1959. IBM
IBM 7090 IBM 1401
. IBM 1401
- 12.000 .
4000 ( 16.000) . .
1960. DEC (Digital Electronic computers) PDP-11
. 1961. Burroughs
B5000, . 1962.
Sperry Rand UNIVAC 1107, UNIVAC 1100
.
100.000 .
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processing).
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-
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7. PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1)
5.3.
. 1959.
. 1961.
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. 1957. FORTRAN (od FORmula
TRAnslation). ,
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1960. COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language)
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5.4.
1971. Intel- 4.G
(1972-1984). ,
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Commodore. , ,
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(VLSI) 10.000
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programming), PROLOG (programming in logic),
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PACAL C, UNIX OS
-
22
1968. .
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Intel 4004 1971. .
, 1950.
.
70- .
Altair 8800 1975. (MITS-Micro Instrumentation and Telementry
Systems) Intel 8080A. 256 ,
, .
Basic (Beginners All-Purpose Language Instruction Code) Altair
(Bill Gates) (Paul Allen)
Microsoft.
,
(. home computers) (. personal
computers-PC), : Apple, Tandy Radio
Shack, Commodore. Sinclair Spectrum
.
,
.
80- IBM
, IBM Personal Computer (IBM-PC)
Intel 8086. IBM 4.7 MHz,
128 KB, 5.25, (
) 10 MB.
.
. IBM PC XT,
: Intel 80286, 80386, 80486 Pentium- 80586.
,
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(word processing),
(spreadsheets),
(graphics pakages),
(database programs).
. ,
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-
23
5.5.
1984-1990. .
,
.
SAD-MCC (Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation),
(Alvey) ESPRIT (European Strategic Program of Research in
Information Technology).
CPU ,
CPU. ,
,
.
, Sequent Balance
8000, 20 .
DEC VAX-780
UNIX .
, INTEL IPSC-I Hypercube ( 128 ), ,
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Computer) CPU, , RAM
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1. , . . : """",
2013.
2. , ., , . / , . . :
, 2009.
3. , . . :
.
4. . [Na mrei] http://www.raf.edu.rs/citaliste/istorija/2027-istorija-racunara-1 .
5. . [Na mrei] http://alas.matf.bg.ac.rs/~ml09120/paskal.html .
6. , . . [Na mrei] http://www.konides.ag.rs/inf1/01-
IstorijatRazvojaRacunara/mehaniki_kalkulatori.html .
7. . [Na mrei] http://poincare.matf.bg.ac.rs/~cvetana/Istorijat/abakus/abakus.html .
8. . [Na mrei] http://www.zastitapodataka.com/dzentlmen-ciste-invencije-
carls-babidz/#more-1410.
9. -. [Na mrei] http://www.lecad.unze.ba/nastava/INFORMATIKA/Info3-
Racunari%20i%20Njihova%20Primjena/Info3_1.pdf.
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kraljevsko-pomilovanje-za-britanskog-heroja-nauke .
11. +. [Na mrei] ftp://csl.ftn.kg.ac.rs/Nastava/ORS-IT/Vezbe/0%20-
%20Razvoj%20racunara.pdf .
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.
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