sexta-feira, 7 de abril de 2006 1/24 pontifícia universidade católica do rio grande do sul...
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sexta-feira, 7 de abril de 2006 1/24
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Laboratório de Eletrônica de Potência – LEPUCLaboratório de Eletrônica de Potência – LEPUC
ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER FOR HARMONIC MITIGATION IN WIND
TURBINES GENERATORS
FILTRO ATIVO PARALELO PARA MITIGAÇÃO DE CORRENTES HARMÔNICAS EM GERADORES DE TURBINAS EÓLICAS
Reinaldo Tonkoski Jr., Fernando Soares dos Reis, Jorge Villar Alé and Fabiano Daher Adegas;
Syed Islam and Kelvin Tan,
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE
WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
ACTIVE SHUNT FILTERACTIVE SHUNT FILTER
POWER LOSSESPOWER LOSSES
SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
- Wind power is the most rapidly-growing means of Wind power is the most rapidly-growing means of
electricity generation at the turn of the 21electricity generation at the turn of the 21stst century. century.
Global installed capacity has raised 20% in 2004;Global installed capacity has raised 20% in 2004;
- Direct-driven wind turbine: multi-pole permanent Direct-driven wind turbine: multi-pole permanent
magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and three-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and three-
phase bridge rectifier with a bulky capacitor;phase bridge rectifier with a bulky capacitor;
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
- Non-linear characteristic: harmonic Non-linear characteristic: harmonic
current content flows into the PMSG; current content flows into the PMSG;
- Increase PMSG losses and Increase PMSG losses and
temperature; temperature;
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OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
- Analysis and simulation of an - Analysis and simulation of an
active shunt filter (ASF) for active shunt filter (ASF) for
harmonic mitigation in wind harmonic mitigation in wind
turbines generators.turbines generators.
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WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMWIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM(WECS)(WECS)
Dynamic Model: Variable-speed, direct driven Dynamic Model: Variable-speed, direct driven wind turbine.wind turbine.
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PMSG WAVEFORMS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER PMSG WAVEFORMS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s WECS full load condition – 12 m/s
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, RL=6.5 Ω, V=5000uF, RL=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
PMSG output currents and line to line voltage div. by 4.
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PMSG HARMONICS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER PMSG HARMONICS - BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)WITH BULKY CAPACITOR (NO ASF)
WECS full load condition – wind speed 12 m/s WECS full load condition – wind speed 12 m/s
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
Phase Current
Line Voltage
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3-PHASE ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER3-PHASE ACTIVE SHUNT FILTER
Control filter current to actively shape the Control filter current to actively shape the source current is into the sinusoid. source current is into the sinusoid.
NLCPMSGF iiii
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d-q Synchronous d-q Synchronous Reference FrameReference Frame
ASF CONTROL CIRCUITSASF CONTROL CIRCUITS
• Calculate harmonic currents; • Regulate voltage on the capacitor CDC.
REFERENCE CURRENTS REFERENCE CURRENTS
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ASF CONTROL CIRCUITSASF CONTROL CIRCUITS
c
b
a
i
i
i
i
i
23
230
21
211
3
2
i
i
i
i
SRF
SRF
SRF
SRF
q
d
)cos(
)sin(
)sin(
)cos(
)(2
1s
P
s mSRF
ks
ksG
)(
q
d
SRF
SRF
SRF
SRF
f
f
i
i
i
i
)cos(
)sin(
)sin(
)cos(
i
i
i
i
i
cf
bf
af
232
30
21
211
3
2
cfNLcFc
bfNLbFb
afNLaFa
iii
iii
iii
*
*
*
Low-Pass
Filter
θSRF by mechanical angular speed ωm
REFERENCE CURRENTSREFERENCE CURRENTS d-q Synchronous d-q Synchronous Reference FrameReference Frame
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ASF CONTROL CIRCUITSASF CONTROL CIRCUITS
•Control current iF in order to inject the calculated reference currents.
CURRENT CONTROL BY PWM CARRIER STRATEGY
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ASF PASSIVE POWER COMPONENTES DESIGNASF PASSIVE POWER COMPONENTES DESIGN
dttdi
VVL
NLn
nDCF )(
max
max
0
)(max
DC
t
F
DC v
dtti
C
Maximum slope of load current iNL
Maximum accepted voltage ripple ΔvDCmax
CLF
cutoff
1
LF, CDC and C can be adjusted based on simulation results.
LC filter cutoff frequency
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POWER LOSSES CALCULATIONPOWER LOSSES CALCULATION
PMSG
Losses
ASF
LossesBridge Rectifier
1
3i
AACU iIRP
iV
V
P
P
i
i
h
h 12
1 11
Copper
Core
iV
V
P
P
i
i
h
h 12
1 11
Power
Losses
Passive
IGBT
ESRIP pcRMSpc
AVGIGBTSATIGBT IVCEP _
RMSDDAVGDDBR IrIVP __6
Diode
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SIMULATION PARAMETERSSIMULATION PARAMETERS
Parameter Description Value
LF Inductor Filter 1.5mH
C Capacitor Filter 3.9F
fPWM PWM Carrier Frequency 20 kHz
CDC ASF DC Capacitor 10000F
vDC ASF DC Voltage 500 V
Clink Rectifier Bridge Link Capacitor 5000F
Rload Resistance Load 6.5 Ω
D Turbine Rotor Diameter 10 m
J Turbine Inertia 1500 kg.m2
B Friction Coefficient 20 N s/rad
Ld PMSG d-axis Inductance 5.24 mH
Lq PMSG q-axis Inductance 5.24 mH
RA PMSG Stator Resistance 0.432 Ω
WECS Dynamic Model Implemented on Software PSIM®WECS Dynamic Model Implemented on Software PSIM®
20 kW20 kW
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SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
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SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
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SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
%
2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57
Order
THD=2.60 %
Phase Current
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SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
Line Voltage
01234567891011121314
%
2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57
Order
THD=20.77 %
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SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
TopologyCopper Losses
(W)Core Losses
(W)Friction & Windage
(W)Total (W)
η (%)
BR 2318.93 180.82 120 2619.75 88.42
ASF 2790.24 150.73 120 3060.97 86.73
IGBT Losses (W)
LF Losses
(W)C Losses
(W)CDC Losses
(W)Total (W)
199.44 284.66 0.2166 116.00 600.33
PMSG Losses
ASF Losses
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SIMULATION RESULTSSIMULATION RESULTS
WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed WECS full load condition – 12 m/s wind speed
(20 kW resistive load, C(20 kW resistive load, Clinklink=5000uF, R=5000uF, RLL=6.5 Ω, V=6.5 Ω, VLL=360 V)=360 V)
Topology PMSG Total(W)
ASF Total(W)
Rectifier Total(W)
Efficiency(%)
BR 2619.75 0 95.16 88.05
ASF 3199.92 603.03 211.82 84.74
Topology Aerodynamical(%)
Electrical(%)
Overall(%)
BR 43.26 88.05 38.09
ASF 43.88 84.74 37.18
Electrical Losses
WECS Efficiency
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
The use of active shunt filter in wind The use of active shunt filter in wind energy generation systems for harmonic energy generation systems for harmonic mitigation was analyzed and mitigation was analyzed and computationally simulated. computationally simulated. The ASF is able to mitigate harmonic The ASF is able to mitigate harmonic
content of current that flows on the content of current that flows on the permanent magnet synchronous permanent magnet synchronous generator.generator.
A capacitor bank filter was used to A capacitor bank filter was used to suppress high-switching frequency suppress high-switching frequency voltage component generated by the voltage component generated by the ASF on generator terminals.ASF on generator terminals.
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
The d-q SRF synchronization using the The d-q SRF synchronization using the angular rotor speed had worked, and its angular rotor speed had worked, and its physical implementation using sensors physical implementation using sensors must be investigated. must be investigated.
The ASF could diminish voltage core The ASF could diminish voltage core losses. Although, PMSG efficiency is losses. Although, PMSG efficiency is lower because copper losses are higher lower because copper losses are higher when using ASF. when using ASF. Overall wind energy conversion system Overall wind energy conversion system
efficiency is lower as well, so the use of efficiency is lower as well, so the use of ASF could be justified if only the PMSG ASF could be justified if only the PMSG generator could have a larger life cycle.generator could have a larger life cycle.
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Obrigado!