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Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems + Journal of Information Science 2006

-Scott A. Golder and Bernardo A. Huberman

/김혁진

x 2015 Spring

Journal of Information Science (JIS)

Published 6 times a year 8~10 Articles February 1979 - April 2015 2013 Impact Factor : 1.087 Ranking : Information Science & Library Science 29 out of 84 Computer Science, Information Systems 65 out of 135

Journal of Information Science Article lists

1 A linguistic approach for determining the topics of Spanish Twitter messages

2 Hybrid string matching algorithm with a pivot

3 Is seeking health information online different from seeking general information online?

4 On methods and tools of table detection, extraction and annotation in PDF documents

5 Graphically structured icons for knowledge tagging

6 Towards improving XML search by using structure clustering technique

7 Modelling liking networks in an online healthcare community: An exponential random graph model analysis approach

8 Automatic Arabic text categorization: A comprehensive comparative study

9 A continuous rating model for news recommendation

10 Text messaging and retrieval techniques for a mobile health information system

11 Accurate similarity index based on the contributions of paths and end nodes for link prediction

12 Building and evaluating a collaboratively built structured folksonomy

13 A social inverted index for social-tagging-based information retrieval

14 Keyword-based mobile semantic search using mobile ontology

15 Folksonomy-based user interest and disinterest profiling for improved recommendations: An ontological approach






5 A research case study for user-centred information literacy instruction: information behaviour of translation trainees











• information seeking behaviors






5 A research case study for user-centred information literacy instruction: information behaviour of translation trainees











• information literacy and information education

Coverage of Journal of Information Science

Any aspect of information science theory, policy, application, practice

• information seeking behaviors

• information literacy and information education

• information flow and communication

• knowledge structuring and organization

• search, navigation and retrieval techniques

• information processing and management

Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems + Journal of Information Science 2006

-Scott A. Golder and Bernardo A. Huberman

/김혁진

x 2015 Spring

Index

1. Abstract

2. Background

3. 3 Related concepts

4. Method

5. 6 Findings

6. Conclusion

Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems

Abstract

Key words : collaborative tagging, folksonomy, delicious.com, bookmarks, web, sharing

Collaborative tagging

• Structure ? • Tagging Regularity, Frequency, Kinds? • Bursts of popularity in bookmark ? • Tagging proportion Stable?

Background

Tag : 나중에 navigation, filtering, search를 위한 contents 붂류 과거 : 사서(authority) -> 요즘 : 사용자 (collaborative tagging) Delicious.com Yahoo’s MyWeb CiteULike Connotea

Collaborative tagging = folksonomy ⊂ 분류체계 folks+order+nomes 대중들(folks)의 명령에 (order) 따라 이름(nomes)을 붙임

Related concept 1. Tagging vs Taxonomy

Tagging Taxonomy

• Non-hierarchical • Inclusive

• Hierarchical • Exclusive

Examples • 린네의 생물 붂류법 • 듀이 십진 도서 붂류법 • 컴퓨터 폴더 구조

cannot be sure that a query has returned all relevant items

Tagging is like filtering: out of all the possible documents, a tag returns only those items tagged with that tag.

Q : 아프리카 사는 고양이과 동물

#치타

아닌 것을 걸러내기 정확한 위치를 찾아가기

Examples • Keyword-based search

Related concept 2. Tagging 시스템의 문제점 3

1. Polysemous : 다의성 Word that has many related senses. E.g) window c.f)homonymy (동음이의어)는 추가적으로 붙은 태그로 식별가능

2. Synonymy: 동의성 Multiple words having the same or closely related meanings. E.g) television , TV

Cf)hib Info : Perceived difference 중요한 정보이면 구체적으로 인식

3. Basic level variation: 기본 수준 범주 General Specific #animal #dog #beagle Basic level = dog (응답까지 걸리는 시갂이 가장 짧음) Factor of Basic level variation : degree that makes difference in the lives E.g) 지식수준, 사화적 문화적 붂류기준

Related concept 3. Tagging

Tagging is fundamentally about sensemaking 정보를 붂류하고 이름 붙이는 과정에서 의미가 형성 (1)

Basic level : 해당 level의 사물과 사람이 interact하는 방식 (2)

-> Tag : 바깥세상의 사물을 붂류해서 의미를 찾는 과정

(1)K. Weick, K. Sutcliffe and D. Obstfeld, Organizing and the process of sensemaking, Organizational Science 16(4) (2005) 409–21.

(2)W. Labov, The boundaries of words and their meanings. In C.J. Bailey. New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English (1973) 340–73.

자싞의 경험, 일상의 일, 필요, 관심을 반영

사회적 영향 (문화, 지역별), 축적된 공동체 지식,

(power struggle) Collective tagging

General meaning

Personal meaning

Methods : Delicious dynamics

-소셜 북마크 관리 5일갂의 2개의 data set 1st set : 실험기갂 동안 popular에 나왔던 모든 URL 212개 각각에 대한 모든 북마크(실험기갂 외 포함) 19422개 2nd set : 실험기갂 동안 액티브한 229 User 그 유저들이 만든 북마크(실험기갂 외 포함) 68668개

1. User activity and tag quantity

Tag를 많이 사용하기도 / 적게 사용하기도.. Bookmarks 개수 – no strong relationship – tag 개수 (n=229, R2 = 0.33)

Delicious.com을 많이 사용하기도 / 적게 사용하기도.. 가입기갂 – weak relationship – 하나이상 Bookmark 생성 (n=229, R2 = 0.52)

2. Emerging new Tag

1. 새로운 관심 ‘tag’발견 2. 더 적합한 ‘tag’를 찾지 못해서 Sensemaking은 회고(retrospective)하는 과정이므로 새로운 Tag를 달기 젂까지는 중요한지도 계속 모름 Filtering하는데 어려움 (이젂정보에 태그추가 힘듦)

3. Kinds of tag.

1. Identifying what or who it is about - topic

2. Identifying what kind – article, blog, book

3. Identifying who owns it

4. Refining categories – not stand alone 수치정보%

5. Identifying qualities or characteristics – scary funny

6. Self reference – mystuff mycomment

7. Task organizing – toread jobsearch

General meaning

Personal meaning

4. 1st Tag is basic level

먼저 쓰는 Tag = 가장 많이 사용되는 Tag = Basic level (Basic level은 가장 빨리 말해진다는 실험과 연관 있음)

Fig. 5. As a tag’s order in a bookmark (horizontal) increases, its rank (i.e. frequency) in the list of tags (vertical) decreases. This pattern is shown here for two URLs (#1209 and #1310).

5. Outbursting bookmark

처음 popular해지는 것은 외부요인으로 인해 폭발적으로 증가 ‘Popular’ 페이지가 있어서 popular한 것은 유지되는 속성이 있음

142(67%) reached their peak popularity in their first 10 days

37(17%) were in the system for six months before reached peak

37(17%) on the first day

6. Stable patterns in tag proportion

하나의 URL에 대해서 Tag들의 비율이 stable한 패턴을 보임 (경험적으로 Bookmark 100번 젂에 안정성이 나타남) Dynamics of a stochastic urn model – fixed but random model by initial state ->개인의 tagging data를 모으는 것은 의미 있음 근거1. imitation – 다른 유저 따라 하기 (같은 색의 공을 추가 하는 것) social proof : 남이 선택한 것이 옳다고 생각함 근거2. shared knowledge – 공개되지 않은 tag들도 안정된 패턴 보임 안정화된 shared knowledge가 있음

Conclusion

• 안정된 Tag가 웹문서가 어떻게 상호작용하고 구성되는지를 설명

• Collaborative tag는 다양하다 (Tag개수, 빈도, 종류)

• Bookmark는 외부요인으로 폭발적으로 증가한 뒤 유지됨

• 안정된 패턴이 있으며 이것은 여러 유저들로부터 만들어 진다

• 개인적인 사용을 위해 만든 Tag도 다른 유저에게 도움이 됨 (#funny)

• Collaborative tagging system을 추천 시스템으로 사용할 수 있음

Structure ?

Tagging Regularity, Frequency, Kinds?

Bursts of popularity in bookmark ?

Tagging proportion Stable?

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