silvopastoral

8/12/2019 silvopastoral

1/25

SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM

Trees + pasture and/or animal

Trees and shrub will provide fodder,

timber, fuelwood, fruit, soil improvement

Needed in dry areas

Meet wood and fodder demand

3 categories


2/25

Silvopasture combines trees with forageand livestock production.

The trees are managed for high-valuesawlogs and, at the same time, provideshade and shelter for livestock and forage,

reducing stress and sometimes increasingforage production.

In plantations of conifers or hardwoods fortimber or Christmas trees, managedgrazing provides added products andincome. Some nut and fruit orchards mayalso be grazed.


3/25

SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEM

1. PROTEIN BANKS

Protein-rich trees are planted around farmlands andrangelands

2. LIVING FENCE OF FODDER TREES AND HEDGES Trees planted as live-fences to protect property from

stray animal and other biotic

3. TREES AND SHRUBS ON PASTURES

Trees are scattered irregularly or arrange according tosome systematic patternsupplement forageproduction


4/25


5/25

SILVOPASTORALISM AS

TEMPERATE AF SYSTEM

Definitiondefined as a land managementsystem managed for wood production anddomesticated animals

Available in large pine plantation undercorporate ownership, national forests for multipleuse, small farm woodlots, intensively managedpastures with trees

Subject to forest ecotype, land ownership, ownerobjectives and experience, markets, governmentpolicies, availability of investment funds andtechnical assistance


6/25


7/25

MANAGING FOR TIMBER

PRODUCTION

Must consider tree species composition

and quality, size class composition, stand

accessibility and size

Basic stepssite preparation,

regeneration, maintenance, final harvest


8/25

GRAZING MANAGEMENT

Control impact of grazing animals with theobjective of producing livestock productseconomically with minimal adverseenvironmental impacts

Plants palatable to grazing animals dominate theworlds grasslands, occur in shrublands andforests

Hardwoods are highly palatable to livestock and

wildlife Grazing must be adjusted over the course oftree rotation


9/25

GRAZING MANAGEMENT

Need strategy to control grazing intensity, timing,

distribution, sequence

Supplemental feeding with protein concentrate

or farm by-products Separate livestock according to nutritive

requirements and functionsmilk, wool, growth

Requires construction of structuralimprovementsfencing and herding to prevent

environmental degradation


10/25

AGROSILVOPASTORAL

SYSTEM Tree + crop + pasture/animals

2 subgroups: homegardens and woody

hedgerows for browse, mulch, green

manure, soil conservation


11/25

Homegardens

One of the oldest agroforestry practices

Found extensively in high rainfall areas

Various types of plantstrees, shrubs, herbs

are grown in dense, random arrangement Control of choice of species, spatial and

temporal arrangement

Homegardens also support a variety of animals

(cow, buffalo, goat, pig) and birds (duck,chicken)


12/25


13/25


14/25

Fodder and legumes are for cattle

Agricultural waste also used as fodder

Barn waste used as manure for crops

Indiatrees for fruit and timber, vegetable,sugarcane, bamboo live fences

Thailandtrees for fruit and food, herbs, birds

Malaysia? Trees for fruit, palm trees, herbs,agriculture crop and cattle

Homegardens 2


15/25


16/25

Therefore, homegardens represent land-use

systems involving deliberate management of

multipurpose trees and shrubs in intimate

association with annual and perennialagricultural crops with livestock within the

compounds of individual houses

The whole tree-crop-animal being intensively

manage by family labour

Homegardens 3


17/25

Highly productive, sustainable and practicable

Food production is the function of most homegarden

Various food products provide a substantialproportion of the nutritive and energyrequirements of the local diet

Species diversity and varying production cycles

of the different components ensure continuousproduction throughout the year

Homegardens 4


18/25

Structure of home gardens:

Small average size of management units

High species diversity

3-4 vertical canopy strata:- Herbaceous layer near the ground

- lower tree layer (food plants, vegetables; 1-3m)

- intermediate layer (various fruit trees; 5-10m)

- Upper layer (medium sized trees 10-20m;emergent and mature trees 25m)

Homegardens 5


19/25


20/25

Woody Hedgerows

Fast-growing and coppicing fodder shrubs

and trees planted for browse. Mulch,

green manure, soil conservation

Aimfood, fodder, fuelwood, soil

conservation


21/25

Others system


22/25

APICULTURE WITH TREE Various honey (nectar) producing tree

species mixed with agricultural crop For honey production

Species: Eucalyptus, Malaleuca,


23/25

AQUAFORESTRY

Various trees and shrubs that are preferred by

fish are planted on the boundary and aroundfish-ponds

Tree leaves are used as forage by fish

Aimfish production and bund stability aroundponds


24/25


25/25

MULTIPURPOSE WOODLOTS

Special location-specific MPTS are grown

mixed or separately planted for various

purposes

silvopastoral

Documents