Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous Tense

Simple Past Tense and Past Continuous TenseDisusun oleh:

Annisa Meidita YP 1306566Dhiani Desi P 1300863Dini Dwiyani 1304421Novrianti Noer F 1301230Satria Dharma P 1306705Sri Setiyaningsih 1307735

1Simple Past TenseKalimat Positif

Kalimat verbal, merupakan suatu kalimat yang didalamnya mengandung unsur kata kerja.S + Verb II + Object/Complement

Contoh : Gina washed clothes yesterday.

Tense beraturan dibentuk dengan akhiran ed dari infinitif. Untuk kata kerja tak beraturan tidak ada rumusan khusus. Sehingga harus dihafalkan sesuai dengan kaidahnya.Examples :to work workedTo ask askedTo deliver - deliveredKecuali verb yang berakhiran dengan huruf e, maka perubahannya hanya ditambahkan ed.Example :to love lovedTo bake baked

Apabila infinitive (verb satu) berakhiran dengan huruf y yang didahului dengan huruf vokal, maka verb II dibentuk dengan menambahkan ed saja.Example:To enjoy - enjoyedTo obey obeyedTo stay stayedTo play played

Sedangkan apabila infintive berakhiran dengan konsonan yang didahului oleh vokal dengan merangkap konsonan tersebut kemudian ditambah ed yang berlaku untuk satu suku kata.Example :to admit admittedTo beg beggedTo submit submitted

Bila infinitive berakhiran dengan y yang didahului konsonan (huruf mati) maka verb II dibentuk dengan mengubah y menjadi i kemudian ditambah edExample :to carry CarriedTo try triedTo cry cried

Kalimat Nominal, merupakan kalimat yang di dalam kalimat tersebut tidak terdapat unsur kata kerja. Biasanya berupa kata benda, kata sifat, kata keterangan, dan komplemen komplemen lain.S + Was/Were + NonVerb + Object/ComplementContoh : they were a famous geng when senior high school She was a good teacher

Positive (nominal)Negative (nominal)Interrogative (nominal)I wasYou wereHE/she/it wasWe wereThey wereI was not wasntYou were not / werentHe/she/it was not/ wasntWe were not/werentThey were not/ werentWas I?Were you?Was He/she/it?Were we?Were they?Kata kerja be (was,were) hanya dapat dipergunakan jika dalam predicate dihadirkan kata sifat (adjective), kata keterangan (adverb), dan kata benda (noun). Berikut contohnya:

Adjective - It was cold yesterday morning, but it is not too cold now. - The cost of living is expensive now. It was not very expensive last year. - The people living in Jakarta were not very happy several month ago. They had too much rain.

Adverb - Cornelia is in Jakarta right now. Several month ago, she was in Argentina. - Mr. Boy Montero is always in his new office in the morning. Yesterday morning, he was at home. It was his days off. - The green car was still in the front of the yard when i was there

Noun

- Britney was a funny girl when she was a child. Now she is a famous singer. - Yesterday,I worked at the office. It was not my day off. - Cindy Crawford was a noughty girl, but now she is a good model.

2. Kalimat NegatifKalimat verbal, dalam kalimat verbal negatif digunakan rumus : S + did not + Verb I + O/CContoh : They didnt invite her to the party, so he didnt go. Susan didnt submitt her assigment on time.

Kalimat nominal, dalam kalimat nominal negatif dapat dirumuskan : S + Was/Were + not + O/CContoh : - The hotel wasnt very expensive - They werent able to come because they were very busy.3. Kalimat tanya (interrogative)Kalimat verbal, kalimat tanya dalam kalimat verbal dirumuskan : Did + S + Verb I + O/CContoh : - Did the student understand your lesson? - Did Arabic people accept Islam for the first?

Interrogative adverb, merupakan kata keterangan tambahan yang dipakai untuk mengajukan pertanyaan, ada beberapa bentuk interrogative adverb yaitu :

a) interrogative adverb of time : when- when did you come?

b) interrogative adverb of place : where- where did you go yesterday?

c) interrogative adverb of manner, quality or state : how- how did you do that?

d) interrogative adverb of cause or reason : why- why did you leave me?Kalimat nominal, kalimat ini dirumuskan : Was/were + S + O/C Contoh : Was the weather good when you were on holiday? Was they in the house las night?

Catatan: apabila dalam sebuah kalimat yang terdiri dari dua klausa yang dipisahkan oleh when maka kejadian klausa when terjadi yang pertama.Contoh: I stood under a tree when it began to rainFirst : the rain beganSecond: i stood under a tree When she heard a strnge noise, she got up to invertigateFirst : she heard a strange noiseSecond : she got up to investigate

Kegunaan Simple Past Tense Ada beberapa kegunaan Simple Past Tense yaitu: a. Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa pada masa lampau.Contoh: Indra played football yesterdayDominic called Sinta for brithday party invitation three hours agoWe went to Borobudur Temple last weekThey ate Reman at Braga last nightTwo days ago, a postman came to give me a letter

b. Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan periode waktu masa lampauContoh :She lived in Roma for a long timeThe train arrived late yesterdayJohn left the library at ten oclock last nightThey watched a concert on 7 January at GasibuI stayed at library just want to see you in the Monday but you didnt come.

c. Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual actions) di masa lampau.Contoh :He always brought the cameraSchool started at seven oclock in those daysIn the Middle Ages people believed that the earth was flatShanti usually brought some vegetable at nunis storeThe Major of senior high school

d. Simple Past Tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa beberapa kegiatan berlangsung berturut turut diwaktu yang lampau, dan merupakan kegiatan utama dalam suatu cerita.

Contoh :He hurriedly put the letter in an envelope, stamped it and ran out to find the nearest pillar box.I tried to woke up early and ran to bathroom after i know that im lateWe loved to see and walked around the gardenShe tried to calm down her self because she worried about her scoreThey studied together, got the same exam and got the same score.Past Continuous TenseTense ini dipergunakan untuk menggambarkan atau mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas yang masih sedang dilakukan pada saat tertentu di masa lalu. Saat tertentu tersebut memiliki keterangan waktu (definite time) atau berupa aktivitas yang dapat dipakai sebagai indikator penunjuk keterangan waktu di masa lalu.Rumus : Subject + to be (was/were) + Verb-ing + object Subject + to be (was/were) + Not + Verb-ing + objectTo be (was/were) + S + Ving + O

Fungsi dari Past continuous tense ini yaitu : Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi atau berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau ketika perbuatan lain terjadi.

Contoh :We were playing in the garden when the postman cameWhile I was crossing the street, I saw an accident

Dapat digunakan tanpa keterangan waktu, untuk menunjukkan suatu perkembangan perlahan lahan.Contoh :

The sun was risingThe cloud was moving slowly

Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kegiatan sedang berlangsung pada saat tertentu di waktu lampau.Contoh :

At ten clock last night i was reading a book. Nami, Robin and I were checking our task two hours ago

Untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kegiatan dimasa lampau berlangsung untuk waktu yang lama.Contoh :People were rushing about the house all morning. Trying to get everything ready for the weddingWe were playing cards all night last night.I was doing exercise all day in Monday morningSusi was cleaning the house before his mom come from marketHusna was riding a car to go to market this afternoon

Apabila ada dua kegiatan berlangsung pada waktu yang sama di waktu yang lampau.Contoh :

While Nero was playing the fiddle Rome was burning.I was seeping the floor when my mom was cookingBentuk PasifDalam bentuk passive, Simple Past Tense dapat di rumuskan :S + was/were + Past Participle (V3) + by + objectContoh: American continent was found by Columbus. The Arab people were invited by Muhammad to accept Islam.

Dalam bentuk passive, Past Continuous Tense dapat dirumuskan :S + was/were + being + Past Participle (V3) + by + objectContoh: All the trees were being cut down by them A cake was being made by him

Contoh Soal

Lengkapi kalimat berikut agar menjadi kalimat yang benar! 1. Mom (cook) soup this morning. 2. They (ask) for candy at Halloween. 3. He (life) at bandung from child. 4. We (stay) here from two years ago. 5. Why did the unripe apple (fall) to the ground?

Buatlah kalimat passive dari kalimat berikut! 6. My father drank a glass of coffee. 7. My uncle was cutting the grass 8. My aunt cleaned the kitchen. 9. People followed a marathon turnament last week.

Buatlah kalimat negatif dari kalimat berikut ini ! 10. I was going to the Theatre when my brother came from school. 11. They went to school together everyday. 12. We left the station and went to the market. 13. She late woke up and hurried ran to go to school. 14. Helen was lying in her bed until noon that day.

Susunlah kalimat dibawah ini agar menjadi kalimat yang benar dan tentukan tenses nya! 15. Night- was I all task doing my 16. During she all sleeping day was 17. They fishing the fish- eating- was were lake at I the (Lanjutan) 18. Were you book reading was I waiting me a 19. Times book - was the me read by three 20. That - yesterday - song sang I 21. Ago- hard weeks - English for studied Tina exam and I two