sistema local
DESCRIPTION
Esta aula permite que o aluno se habitue com o sistema de coordenadas locais, conhecendo melhor o sistema altazimutal. são introduzidos conceitos relacionados á observação do sol no local como zênite, nadir, horizonte, etc.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sistema local deSistema local deCoordenadasCoordenadas
R. BoczkoIAG - USP
080809
![Page 2: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Vertical e horizontal
de um local
![Page 3: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Elementos locaisElementos locais
![Page 4: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Elementos locais básicosZênite
Nadir
Horizonte
Nadir = ponto oposto
Ver
tica
l
![Page 5: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Plano vertical
![Page 6: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Plano Vertical
PontoLeste
PontoOeste
PontoSul
PontoNorte
Meridiano
Horizonte
Z
![Page 7: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Plano vertical
Z
Horizonte
Planovertical
• Plano vertical• O vertical• Semiplano vertical• Semicírculo vertical• Círculo vertical• Semicircunferência vertical• Circunferência vertical
![Page 8: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Meridiano Local
![Page 9: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Plano Meridiano
PontoLeste
PontoOeste
PontoSul
PontoNorte
Meridiano
Horizonte
Z
![Page 10: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Meridiano Local
Z
N S
E
W
Nadir
Horizonte
![Page 11: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Meridianos: zenital e nadiral
Z
N S
E
W
ÑNadir
Horizonte
NZSMeridiano
zenital
Meridiano nadiral
NÑS
NZSMeridiano
visível
Meridiano invisível
NÑS
![Page 12: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Primeiro e segundo verticais
Primeiro e segundo verticais
![Page 13: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Plano vertical Leste-Oeste
PontoLeste
PontoOeste
PontoSul
PontoNorte
Meridiano
Primei
ro
verti
cal
Segundo
verti
cal
Horizonte
![Page 14: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Primeiro e segundo verticaisZênite
Nadir
N S
W
Horizonte
LPrim
eiro
vertical
Segundo
vertical
![Page 15: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Primeiro e segundo verticaisZênite
Nadir
N S
W
Horizonte
LPrim
eiro
verti
cal
Segundo
verti
cal
![Page 16: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plano horizontal
![Page 17: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Plano horizontal
Z
Horizonte
• Plano horizontalPlano horizontal• AlmocântaraAlmocântara• Círculo horizontalCírculo horizontal• Circunferência horizontalCircunferência horizontal• Paralelo de alturaParalelo de altura
Planodo
horizonte
Almocântara
Plano horizontal
VariaçõesAlmicântara
AlmicantaradoAlmicântaroAlmicântur
AlmocântaraAlmocantarado
AlmucântaraAlmucantarado
![Page 18: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sistema Altazimutal
![Page 19: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Azimute
A = azimute
0o A < 360o
Plano doHorizonte
Nadir
S
W
A
Ñ
Z
L
N
Zênite
![Page 20: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Azimute de alguns pontos particulares
Horizonte
Zênite
Nadir
N S
L
W
A = 00
A = 900
A = 1800
A = 2700
![Page 21: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Altura e distância zenital de um astro
Horizonte
Zênite
Nadir
S
W
E
h = alturaz = distância zenital
z
Nh
![Page 22: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Distância zenital e
altura
Z
hHorizonte
z
h + z = 90o
h>0
h<0
Z
Ñ
h = - 90o
z = 180o
h = 0o
z = 90o
h = + 90o
z = 0o
![Page 23: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Coordenadas Altazimutais
Plano doHorizonte
Nadir
S
W
z
h
A
A,h
A,z
A = azimuteh = alturaz = distância zenital
0o A < 360o
[Ñ] -90o h +90o [Z]
[Z] 0o z 180o [Ñ]
Ñ
Z
L
N
Zênite
h + z = 900
h>0
h<0
Z
![Page 24: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Coordenadas Coordenadas Altazimutais de Altazimutais de alguns pontos alguns pontos
particularesparticulares
Horizonte
Zênite
Nadir
L
z
h
A
A = azimuteh = alturaz = distância zenital
SN
LPS
PN
NorteA = 00
h = 00
z = 900
SulA = 1800
h = 00
z = 900
OesteA = 2700
h = 00
z = 900
LesteA = 900
h = 00
z = 900
NadirA = ?h = -900
z = 1800
ZêniteA = ?h = +900
z = 00
Pólo SulA = 1800
h = - z = 90 +
Pólo NorteA = 00
h = z = 90-
W
![Page 25: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Coordenadas Altazimutais de alguns pontos
particulares
Horizonte
Zênite
Nadir
L
z
h
A
A = azimuteh = alturaz = distância zenital
SN
L
PS
PN
NorteA = 00
h = 00
z = 900
SulA = 1800
h = 00
z = 900
OesteA = 2700
h = 00
z = 900
LesteA = 900
h = 00
z = 900
NadirA = ?h = -900
z = 1800
ZêniteA = ?h = +900
z = 00
Pólo SulA = 1800
h = - z = 90 +
Pólo NorteA = 00
h = z = 90-
W
![Page 26: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Projeção da esfera celeste no Meridiano Local
![Page 27: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Projeção no Meridiano Local
Z
PS
N S
E
W
Nadir
Horizonte
Zênite
Nadir
Horizonte E W
PS
SN
Foco de projeção: W
Projeção cilíndrica ortogonalPlano de projeção: plano meridiano
![Page 28: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Método das alturas iguais
para determinar o meridiano
![Page 29: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Meridiano obtido por meio de 2 passagens por alturas iguais
N
Horizonte
Almucântara
S
Horizonte
Almucântara
Z S
Projeção no plano horizontal
Meridiano
Z
PE
PE
PW
PW
![Page 30: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Desvantagem do sistema
horizontal local
![Page 31: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Movimento diurno aparente do SolZ
Horizonte
Norte
(A,h) = f (t)
1
2
3
4
56
7
8
Leste
Oeste
Sul
A
h
As coordenadas As coordenadas de um astro são de um astro são dependentes do dependentes do
tempotempo
![Page 32: Sistema Local](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062405/555ef243d8b42a7f6c8b513d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fim