SKRIPSI

PRIMADONA PERMATASARI OGAWA

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS LOSION

REPELAN KOMBINASI MINYAK BUNGA

LAVENDER DAN KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS

2% DENGAN FASE MINYAK VCO 5%

[Mengandung Minyak Bunga Lavandula angustifolia 2,5%, 5%, dan 7,5%]

PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2017

ii

iii

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Alhamdulillah puji syukur penulis kehadirat Allah SWT yang senantiasa

melimpahkan segala rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, serta sholawat dan salam senantiasa

tercurahkan kepada junjungan Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW yang telah membawa

kita dari jaman jahiliah menuju jaman islamiah seperti sekarang ini. Sehingga

penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas

Losion Repelan Kombinasi Minyak Bunga Lavender dan Kulit Buah Jeruk

Nipis 2% dengan Fase Minyak VCO 5%”.

Penulis menyadari, tanpa adanya partisipasi dari berbagai pihak yang

membimbing dan memberikan bantuan maka skripsi ini tidak akan selesai. Untuk

itu penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu

menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis

mengucapkan rasa terimakasih sedalam-dalamnya kepada :

1. Faqih Ruhyanudin, M. Kep., Sp.Kep., MB. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. Nailis Syifa’, S. Farm., Apt., M. Sc. selaku Ketua Program Studi Farmasi

Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

3. Dian Ermawati, M.Farm., Apt. selaku dosen pembimbing I yang telah

bersedia meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk memberikan bimbingan

danpengarahan dalam menyusun skripsi.

4. Dra. Uswatun Chasanah, M. Kes., Apt. selaku dosen pembimbing II yang

penuh semangat dan ikhlas dalam mendukung, membimbing serta

mengarahkan dalam menyusun skripsi.

5. Siti Rofida, S. Si., M. Farm., Apt. dan Enggrid Juni Astuti, M. Farm., Apt.

selaku dosen penguji yang sudah memberikan motivasi, saran dan kritik yang

bermanfaat dalam penyusunan skripsi.

6. Kedua orang tua saya yang selalu memotivasi dan memberikan dukungan

baik moril maupun materil serta doa yang tiada henti dan adik laki-laki saya

yang memberikan semangat dalam penyusunan skripsi serta keluarga besar

v

x

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. ii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ...................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iv

RINGKASAN ....................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... viii

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xvii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................. xviii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 4

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ................................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .................................................................................. 4

1.4 Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................................... 4

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 6

2.1 Jeruk Nipis ..................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1 Klasifikasi ......................................................................................... 6

2.1.2 Deskripsi Tanaman............................................................................ 7

2.1.3 Kandungan Kimia ............................................................................. 7

2.1.4 Manfaat ............................................................................................. 8

2.2 Lavender ........................................................................................................ 9

2.2.1 Klasifikasi ......................................................................................... 9

2.2.2 Deskripsi Tanaman............................................................................ 9

xi

2.2.3 Kandungan Kimia ........................................................................... 10

2.2.4 Manfaat ........................................................................................... 11

2.3 Gambaran Umum Nyamuk Aedes aegypti .................................................. 12

2.3.1 Klasifikasi Aedes Aegypti ................................................................ 12

2.3.2 Siklus Hidup .................................................................................... 12

2.3.3 Metode Pengendalian Vektor .......................................................... 14

2.4 Repelan ........................................................................................................ 15

2.4.1 Gambaran Umum Repelan .............................................................. 15

2.4.2 Jenis Repelan ................................................................................... 16

2.4.3 Syarat Repelan ................................................................................ 16

2.4.4 Cara Kerja Repelan ......................................................................... 16

2.4.5 DEET (N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) ....................................... 17

2.5 Losion .......................................................................................................... 18

2.5.1 Definisi Losion ................................................................................ 18

2.5.2 Fungsi Losion .................................................................................. 19

2.5.3 Losion Bentuk Emulsi ..................................................................... 20

2.5.4 Pembuatan Losion ........................................................................... 21

2.5.5 Bahan Penyusun Losion .................................................................. 22

2.6 Tinjauan Bahan Formula ............................................................................. 24

2.6.1 Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) .............................................................. 24

2.6.2 Asam Stearat ................................................................................... 26

2.6.3 Triethanolamine .............................................................................. 26

2.6.4 Gliserin ............................................................................................ 27

2.6.5 Setil alkohol .................................................................................... 27

2.6.6 Nipagin (Methyparaben) ................................................................. 28

2.6.7 Nipasol (Propylparaben) ................................................................ 29

2.6.8 Aquadest .......................................................................................... 29

2.6.9 Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) ................................................... 30

2.6.10 Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) ................................................... 30

2.6.11 Na-EDTA ........................................................................................ 31

2.7 Tinjauan tentang Evaluasi Sediaan Farmasi ................................................ 32

2.7.1 Karakteristik Fisik Sediaan ............................................................. 32

xii

2.7.2 Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan ................................................................... 34

BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL ............................................................ 35

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 37

4.1 Rancangan Penelitian................................................................................... 37

4.2 Variabel Penelitian....................................................................................... 37

4.2.1 Variabel Bebas ................................................................................ 37

4.2.2 Variabel Terikat .............................................................................. 37

4.3 Populasi Peneltian ........................................................................................ 37

4.4 Definisi Operasioal ...................................................................................... 37

4.5 Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................................ 38

4.6 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................... 38

4.7 Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................... 38

4.7.1 Persiapan Nyamuk .......................................................................... 38

4.7.2 Bahan............................................................................................... 39

4.7.3 Alat .................................................................................................. 39

4.7.4 Metode Kerja ................................................................................... 39

4.7.5 Skema Kerja .................................................................................... 40

4.8 Rancangan Formula ..................................................................................... 41

4.8.1 Komposisi Formula ......................................................................... 41

4.8.2 Cara Pembuatan Losion .................................................................. 41

4.8.3 Skema Kerja Pembuatan Losion ..................................................... 42

4.9 Evaluasi Sediaan .......................................................................................... 43

4.9.1 Evaluasi Fisik Sediaan .................................................................... 43

4.9.2 Uji Stabilitas Freeze-Thaw .............................................................. 44

4.9.3 Uji Aktivitas .................................................................................... 44

4.10 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 46

BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN ........................................................................... 48

5.1 Hasil Pemeriksaan Organoleptis Minyak Bunga Lavender (Lavandula

angustifolia) dan Minyak Kulit Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) ..... 48

5.2 Hasil Pemeriksaan Tipe Emulsi Sediaan Losion Repelan Kombinasi Minyak

Bunga Lavender dan Kulit Buah Jeruk Nipis dengan VCO ........................ 49

xiii

5.3 Hasil Uji Karakteristik Fisik Sediaan Losion Repelan Kombinasi Minyak

Bunga Lavender dan Kulit Buah Jeruk Nipis dengan VCO ....................... 50

5.3.1 Hasil Pengamatan Organoleptis Sediaan ........................................ 50

5.3.2 Hasil Pengamatan Homogenitas Sediaan ........................................ 51

5.3.3 Hasil Pengukuran pH Sediaan ......................................................... 52

5.3.4 Hasil Pengukuran Viskositas Sediaan ............................................. 53

5.3.5 Hasil Pengukuran Daya Sebar Sediaan ........................................... 54

5.4 Hasil Uji Stabilitas (Freeze-Thaw) Sediaan Losion .................................... 55

5.5 Hasil Uji Aktivitas Repelan ......................................................................... 57

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................... 60

BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 67

7.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 67

7.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 67

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 68

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. 77

xvii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman

1 Daftar Riwayat Hidup ........................................................................................ 77

2 Surat Pernyataan................................................................................................. 78

3 Hasil Uji Statistik One-Way Anova pH Sediaan ................................................ 79

4 Hasil Uji Statistik One-Way Anova Viskositas Sediaan .................................... 80

5 Hasil Uji Statistik One-Way Anova Daya Sebar Sediaan .................................. 81

6 Data Pengukuran Penyebaran Sediaan ............................................................... 82

7 Hasil Uji Statistik One-Way Anova pH Sediaan Setelah Freeze-thaw ............... 87

8 Hasil Uji Statistik Two-Way Anova Daya Proteksi Sediaan .............................. 88

9 Jumlah Nyamuk yang Hinggap Selama Pemaparan .......................................... 91

10 Hasil Uji Stabilitas (Freeze-thaw) Sediaan ...................................................... 91

11 Kebutuhan Bahan ............................................................................................. 94

12 Perhitungan Prosentase Daya Proteksi ............................................................. 96

13 Certificate of Analysis ...................................................................................... 99

14 Perlengkapan Uji ............................................................................................ 111

15 Tabel Distribusi F ........................................................................................... 112

16 Surat Keterangan Penggunaan Larva………..............................................…113

68

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