Scientific Data Sharing and Frameworks

~situation in Japan

Dr. Yasuhiro Murayama(ICSU-World Data System ex officio/

Research Institute of Humanosphere, Kyoto University/

Director of Integrated Science Data System Reseach Lab. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology)

International Programme Office Hosted byBased in Tokyo, Japan

Japan-France Joint Meeting on Open Access and Open DataThe French Embassy (Tokyo, Japan), 29 January 2015

Contents

• G8, Open Research Data• ICSU World Data System,

Research Data Alliance• Situation in Japan

Recent Situation of Scientific Research Data

Scientists, Community,

Society

Modern scientific method and sharing information

Important are: Communication or sharing info. Open discussion and re-examination by third

party. Reuse of information resources Consensus of science community the mutual

trust between Science and Society

http://www.getchemistryhelp.com/chemistry-lesson-scientific-method/

Open discussion,

Re-examination

Research papers

Traditional scientific method

Data

Software code

Various research information

Toward next sciences

Science as a Social System (with “Print” Publication)

Scientific Data Management,Infrastructure

PublishersResearch PerformingBodies

Library, Repository,Search, Abstracting, …

Institutional Repositories

Research Publishing/Preservation/Search of Scientific Information

Data and Information Flows

GovernmentsAcademies

Open data/open science in Japan• Hosting IPO of ICSU-WDS

– International Programme Office of World Data System （ International Council of Science) Based in Tokyo

• Responding to G8 summit in UK, 2013– Natl. Cabinet Office,

Natl. Council of S, T and Innovation (CSTI)– G8+O6 data infrastructure WG

• as part of Global Research Infrastructure discussion (G8 - Group of Senior Officials)

• ⇒ Cooperation requested for “RDA (Research Data Alliance)”

• Cabinet Office+ CSTI: “Committee for national open science policy” (December 2014-March 2015)

• Natl. Diet Library: Council on Organization of Science and Technology Information, Working Group 6

Values of Data

• Resource for research and innovation– “I don’t want to share my data (my

property) with other scientists”

• Proof/evidence of scientific finding and understanding– Data should be shared with everyone

for proof and discussion.7

Concerns about Scientific Data

• Data to secure reproducibility of results in a paper– Various kinds of data are behind the research results and

conventional publication

• Data to be reused as important scientific information resource/asset

• Data to study phenomena which never occur again/are difficult to be made again(example ： climate change, huge earthquake, change in a living human body. . .)

8

9

Creation of ICSU-World Data SystemICSU 29th General Assembly decision (October 28, 2008):

9

PAST(since 1950’s)

PRESENT(2008~) ICSU International Scientific Unions data

bodies ICSU National Members data bodies ICSU Interdisciplinary Bodies data activities

WDC (World Data Center) : 50 WDSs at max.

FAGS (Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services)

54 Regular Data curation & data analysis services

9 Network Networks of Regular Members & umbrella organizations

3 Partner Do not deal directly with data stewardship, but support to ICSU-WDS

16 Associate Organizations interested in the WDS endeavour

82 Members (April 2014)

International Council for Science

WDS Scientific Committee (SC)

Regular Members54

　・ Scientific Committee (SC): Strategy, long/mid term vision, international relations.　・ International Programme Office: Support of SC, implementation of SC’s decision

WDS members

Partner Members3

Associate Members16

Network Members9

10

Organizational structure of WDS

2 members and 1 advisor from Japan

WDS-International Programme Office

Executive Directorbased in Tokyo

As of April 2014

Hosted by

[Fabrizio Gagliardi , 2014]

Changing standards and culture takes a long time.

[Mark Parsons, 2013]

(My) Landscape of Science Data-related Organizations

13

Social Sciences

Earth ScienceSpace PhysicsGeographyAtmosphereAgricultureInformatics

Earth Sciences

Space Physics,ComputerScience,Physics, etc.

Seismology Atmosphere& Ocean

Linguistics,Hstory,Psychology

Ionosphere,Space Weather

WDS-IPO

Joint WG/MOU planned

Science Council of Japan

GEOSS/DIAS（ U of Tokyo, JAXA 、

JAMSTEC etc ）

Future Earth(ICSU, Belmont Forum,

UNU, UNESCO, UNEP, …)

RDA(Research Data

Alliance)

Open Data Charter, Open Research Data(Science Minister Meeting, June 2013)

Natl. Council for Science, Technology & Innovation, Japan

ICSU-World Data System

…82 members in total.

Hosted by

Natl. Diet LibraryJapan Science Technology Agency

“Data Publication” and “Data Citation”

14

■ Data Publicationscf. journal publication: review, fix (print), publish with DOI…, metrics (citation index etc.)

■ Data Citation– ID of dataset (“DOI” is OK?), citation standards? metrics?…

■ More outputs from scientists to Society

[Society of Geomagnetism, Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, 2013]

Example of DOI-minting to Earth Science database in NOAA/NGDC

EMAG2: Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution)

15

doi:10.7289/V5MW2F2P

http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nmmrview/metadata.jsp?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.geophysi

cal_models:EMAG2&view=iso2html

Data description, Data format,Link to data, etc.

Digital data

Data plot

Landing Page

Maus (2009): EMAG2: Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution). National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. Model, doi:10.7289/V5MW2F2P [access date]

Instruction of data citation

[Nose et a., 2014]

History: scientific record & communication34

9 ye

ars

68 y

ears

Public library (paper media) ： 8c　

Printing press/Gutenberg: 1445First scientific journal: 1665

Intl. Assoc. Academies: 1899 　ICSU established: 1931

World Data Center system :

1957 　

　　　　　　

ENIAC, von Neumann: 1946Hard Disk Drive: 1956TCP/IP, dial-up (64kbps): 1982WWW (CERN): 1991Broadband internet (>1Mbps) ：～ 2000

New global data initiatives: ICSU-WDS 、 RDA etc. ： 2008 ～2013

Steps by Major scientific publishers encouraging data deposition

• Willey/AGU publication policy:”…in AGU’s journals, all data necessary to understand, evaluate, replicate, and build upon the reported research must be made available and accessible whenever possible…”

• SpringerOpen/”Earth, Planets and Space”, “Geoscience Letters”… “…Electronic archiving of data enables readers to replicate, verify and build upon the conclusions published in papers in the journal. It is recommended that all data which are not directly attached to a publication as electronic supplementary files be deposited…”

• Elsevier/JASTP: “…Elsevier encourages authors to deposit raw experimental data sets underpinning their research publication in data repositories, and to enable interlinking of articles and data…”