Slums in Manilaproblems in a big success Sumika Ueda

Location

2 years ago…

Urbanization

Makati• The financial center• Rich, clean, organized

Foreign companies in Metro-Manila

Slums

3million Filipinos

1/30

A slumresidents

31million Filipinos

$1.26/day Poor, dirty, messy

the symbol of social inequality

Problems

Inequality

Human security

Economy

Expansion of slums• frustration from poverty & unemployment

Social unrest, illegal business, crimes

Urbanization will be unsustainable• A risky image of Manila• Keeping foreign companies away• Money flow toward illegal business

Overpopulation - poor side

◄◄A family of 7 in their entire living space

60% live in urban areas

2 billion will move in the next 20 years

Job opportunities attract people to ManilaNo capacity of housing & employmentThe lack of strategic plansSlums, informal settlements, overpopulation

Flourish – rich side

Certain number of people

◄◄ex. SM supermarketSymbol of developmentOwned by Chinese people

Foreign investors

Their own network

Kicking poor people out

Human security

Unequal situation and social banishment tend to be the main cause of crime and violence more than poverty. (as cited in Beall & Fox, 2009, p.175)

Human security issues Criminal networkOwn informal businessSocial / ethnic tensions

Local government is forcing him to leave in order to built a new city hall

Kidnapping in Manila

Inequality, Social / ethnic division

• Target : rich class, foreigners (Chinese)

• 2100 people were abducted (1993-2003)

• Ransom: $4 million(2004) $24 (the last few decade)

A huge robust industry

Economic impacts

Unequal distribution of recourses

Money towards illegal business

Money for security

Risky image for investment

Unemployment of poor class

Solution – planned urbanization

• NGOsnon-authorial actorsfinancial difficulties

• The governmentauthorial, powerful

required change:focus on urbanization of rich areas preparing capacity of housing and employmentsupporting NGOs

References

• Arnold, W., & Conde, C.H. (Jan. 28, 2003). In Manila, kidnapping as a business • expense. New York Times. Retrieved from 

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/28/business/in-manila-kidnapping-as-a-business-expense.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm•  • Beall, J., & Fox, S. (2009). Cities and development. New York: Routledge.•  • Bezgachina, K. (Sep. 17, 2012). World urban forum: housing a ‘fundamental human • right’. the guardian. Retrieved from 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/housing-network/2012/sep/17/world-urbanisation-new-housing-paradigm?INTCMP=SRCH•  • Khanna, P. (Sept./ Oct. 2010). Beyond city limits. Foreign Policy. Retrieved • from http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/08/16/beyond_city_limits•  • Manila slum walls built to hide Philippines poverty. (Feb. 05, 2012). Huff Post • World. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/03/manila-slum-walls-built_n_1474363.html•  • Packer, G. (Nov. 13, 2006). The megacity. The New Yorker. Retrieved • from http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/11/13/061113fa_fact_packer•  • Pinder, D. (2002). In defence of utopian urbanism: Imagining cities after the ‘end of utopia’. The dialectics of utopia and dystopia. 84

(3/4), 229-241.

Thank you for listening !