smart card 李開振, 許家碩 department of computer science national chiao tung university
TRANSCRIPT
Smart Card
李開振 , 許家碩Department of Computer Science
National Chiao Tung University
Outline 1/2 Introductions
History, Application area, Standardization Types of Cards
Embossed cards, magnetic-stripe cards, Smart Card, Optical Memory Card
Physical and Electrical properties Smart Card Operation System
Design, files management, sequential control, Open platform
Smart Card Data Transmission Data transmission Protocols, message structure (APDU)
Smart Card Commands
Outline 2/2 Security Techniques Smart Card Terminals The Smart Card Life Cycle
The five phases of the Smart Card life Cycle Smart Card in Payment Systems
Payment transactions, Prepaid Memory Card, Electronic Purses
Smart Card in Telecommunications GSM, UMTS, Wireless Identification Module, Public
Card Phones Application Design
Introductions
Introductions - History 1950s - The proliferation of plastic cards st
arted in the USA 1970s - It possible to integrate data storag
e and processing logic on a single silicon chip
1974 - Roland Moreno registered his smart card patents in France
1984 - The French PTT (postal and telecommunications services agency) successfully carried out a field trial with telephone cards
Application area
Memory Card
Application area
Microprocessor cards
Application area
Contactless cards
Standardization
ISO TC68/SC6 ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17 ISO/IEC 7816 GSM 11.11
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
Types of Cards
Types of Cards
Embossed Card Magnetic-stripe cards Smart Card
Types of Cards - Embossed Card
Type of Cards - Magnetic-stripe
cards
Type of Cards - Smart Card
Smart Card Microcontrollers processor address and data buses three types of memory
(RAM, ROM and EEPROM) Input/Output
Smart Card - Memory
Smart Card - Microprocessor
Smart Card - Contactless smart card
Types of card - Optical Memory
Card
ISO/IEC 11 693 and 11 694
Physical and Electrical properties
Physical properties Physical properties - ID1:
external rectangle: width: 85.72 mm, height: 54.03 mm
internal rectangle: width: 85.46 mm, height: 53.92 mm
Physical properties
ID000: external rectangle: width: 25.10 mm,
height: 15.10 mm internal rectangle: width: 24.90 mm,
height: 14.90 mm
Physical properties ID00:
external rectangle: width: 66.10 mm, height: 33.10 mm
internal rectangle: width: 65.90 mm, height: 32.90 mm
Smart Card Operation System
Smart Card Operation System The primary tasks of a smart card
operating system Transferring data to and from the smart
card Controlling the execution of commands Managing files Managing and executing cryptographic
algorithms Managing and executing program code.
Smart Card OS - I/O
I/O manager
Protocol state machine
Send block
Send byte
Send bit Receive bit
Receive byte
Receive block
HardwareData flow
Smart Card OS – Commands processing
Smart Card OS - Filesystem Master File (MF)
The root directory of the filesystem Dedicated File (DF)
directory files Elementary File (EF)
hold the actual user data
Smart Card OS - FilesystemMF
EF
EF
DF
DF
DF
EF
EF
...
...
......
Filesystem - EF file structure Transparent file structure
Transparent file structure is often referred to as a binary structure.
Byte number0 1 2 3 4 5 …………………………. n
OffsetData
Filesystem - EF file structure
Linear Fixed file structure data structure is based on chaining fixed-length
records Byte number0 1 2 3 4 5 n
RecordNumber
1234
m
Filesystem - EF file structure
Linear variable file structure each record can have an individually defined
lengthByte number0 1 2 3 4 5 n
RecordNumber
1234
m
Smart Card Data Transmission
Smart Card Data Transmission
Answer to Reset (ATR)
Data transmission Structure of a character for data transmissi
on
31 2 4 5 6 7 8
Start bit Parity bit
high
lowt
Data transmission conventions
31 2 4 5 6 7 8
Logic 1
Logic 1
31 2 4 5 6 7 8
Logic 0
Logic 1
high
high
low
low
(a)
(b)
t
t
(a) direct convention, (b) inverse convention
Data transmission Protocols
Protocol Meaning
T=0 Asynchronous, half-duplex, byte oriented [ISO-7816-3]
T=1 Asynchronous, half-duplex, block oriented [ISO-7816-3]
T=2 Asynchronous, full-duplex, block oriented [ISO-10536]
T=3 Full duplex; not yet specified
T=4 Asynchronous, half-duplex, byte oriented, extension of T=0, not yet specified
T=5…T=13
Reserved for future use, not yet specified
T=14 For national use, not standardized by ISO
T=15 Reserved for future use, not yet specified
Message structure (APDU)
Structure of the command APDU
Message structure (APDU)
Structure of the response APDU
Class Application
0X Standard commands compliant with ISO/IEC 7816-4/7/8
80 Electronic purses compliant with EN 1546-3
8X Application-specific and company-specific commands (private use)
8X Credit cards with chips, compliant with EMV
A0 GSM mobile telecommunication system compliant with GSM 11.11
Smart Card Commands
Smart Card Commands
Case Command data Expected response data
1 No data No data
2 No data Data
3 Data No data
4 Data Data
Smart Card Commands File selection Command Read and Write Command Search Command File Manipulation Commands Identification Commands Authentication Commands File management Commands
Security Techniques
Security Techniques User Identification
Symmetric unilateral Authentication Asymmetric unilateral Authentication Symmetric mutual Authentication
Smart Security Attacks at the social level Attacks at the physical level Attacks at the logical level
User Identification 1/3
User Identification 2/3
User Identification 3/3
Attack on smart cards 1/2 Attacks at the social level
attacks that are primarily directed against people that work with smart cards
can only partially be countered by technical measures
Attacks at the physical level it is necessary to obtain physical access to
the smart card microcontroller hardware can be static or dynamic
Attack on smart cards 2/2 Attacks at the logical level
most known successful attacks on smart cards
arise from pure mental reflection or computation
classical cryptanalysis , known faults in smart card operating systems and Trojan horses in the smart card application.
The Smart Card Life Cycle
The Smart Card Life Cycle 1/3 Phase 1: Production of the chip and th
e smart card Designing the chip Generating the smart card operating syst
em Fabricating the chips and modules Producing the card body Embedding the module in the card body
The Smart Card Life Cycle 2/3 Phase 2: Card preparation
Completing the smart operating system Phase 3: Application preparation
Initializing the applications(s) Personalizing the applications(s), both vi
sually and electrically
The Smart Card Life Cycle 3/3 Phase 4: Card usage
Activating the applications Deactivating the applications
Phase 5: Termination of card usage Deactivating the applications Deactivating the card
Smart Card in Telecommunications
The GSM System
The subscriber identity module (SIM) Security
Subscriber identification SIM authentication Data encryption
The GSM System Data storage
Dialing numbers Short messages Mobile telephone settings Subscriber information SIM characterization
Managing services and supplementary applications
Subscriber administration
SIM in the GSM System
File system in SIM 1/2
File system in SIM 2/2